高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题22完形填空之议论文（含解析）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题22完形填空之议论文（含解析），共35页。试卷主要包含了选材特点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题22 完形填空之议论文

议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary，all in all，in short，generally speaking，worse still，on the other hand，in conclusion，as a consequence等。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领
内容解读
首句制胜，论点明确
议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
不同的论点提出方式
①开门见山地提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出一种结论。
关注尾段
尾段通常照应论点




2022年
新高考

体裁
主题内容
考点发布
I卷
记叙文
介绍旅行经历
动词4 名词5介词短语2
形容词、副词4
II卷
记叙文
环球旅行
动词4 名词7 形容词4
全国卷
乙卷
说明文
孩子们捉迷藏时坚持相互承认和尊重
动词7 名词 7 形容词4
副词2 动词短语1
甲卷
记叙文
讲述了两个爱狗人士是怎么从相知、相爱到相伴的
动词9 名词6 形容词3
副词1 介词短语1

2021年
新高考
I卷
记叙文
介绍第一次暑期打工的经历
动词8 名词4 形容词2
介词短语1
II卷
记叙文
警察破案
动词6 名词7 形容词2
全国卷
乙卷
夹叙夹议
女患者表达感激之情
动词9 名词7 形容词1
副词2动词短语1
甲卷
记叙文
作者住酒店的经历
动词10 名词5 形容词4
副词1

命题专家谈高考
1.选材特点
完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真至善至美的价值观。
2．考查特点
主要考查实词。一般情况下，名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上。在能力方面着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。
3．新高考新变化
(1)文章长度：200词左右，较以往20空完形填空有所减短。
(2)空格设置：由原来的20空变为15个空，分值也大大降低，由以往的30分降为15分。


锻造两把“利剑”　智取语篇层次题
利剑一　全篇角度把握语篇层次题
语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。

完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。
【典例1】　(2021·浙江1月卷)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8－day __42__．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire.
…
53．Needless__to__say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger__ for having taken part in the project.
42．A.tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
【分析】　本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者
某个项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个8天的“项目”。故选B。

不同体裁的完形填空在行文结构上各不相同，考生应厘清文章的发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路，上下求索，捕捉关键信息。
【典例2】　(2021·全国乙卷)
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢)．
My thoughts were soon __43__．We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee replacement operation.One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43．A.brushed aside B．put to the test
C．brought under discussion D．taken into account
【分析】　本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢。根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”；be put to the test“使受考验，使受检验”；be brought under discussion“被讨论”；be taken into account“被考虑进去”。故选B。
利剑二　全篇思考攻克五大易错点
高考是选拔性考试，试题有难度梯度。因此，完形填空中总会有两三道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：
①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。

语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
【典例3】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
My life as a tax－paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break，for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
【分析】　本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“for three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break”可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；financial“财务的，金融的”；technical“技术的，专业的”；temporary“临时的，暂时的”。故选D。

完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
【典例4】　(2021·全国甲卷)
“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter.“I come to you, __57__， to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
57．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
【分析】　四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失
分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“...apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的，所以选C项hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项均不符合语境。hands in pockets双手插兜；nose in the air目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。

在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
【典例5】　(2021·天津3月卷)
“It’s a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,__but it’s not just the bikes.It’s the relationships in the community.It’s the __35__ he can make on people.”
35．A.compromise B．impression
C．impact D．progress
【分析】　根据全文内容可知，此处表示Pruitt的行为对人们产生的“影响”，故选C。本题的选择难度在于A选项，“compromise 妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。

在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例6】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
Our __48__ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.
49．Remove bunny from the belt.
48．A.joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
【分析】　根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears...from the belt”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责，作用”，因此选C。
【典例7】　(浙江6月卷)
One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was 48.boring,__I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full－time.He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college．He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work and succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
【分析】　根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简朴地”。由此可知正确选项为D项。

在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)、学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth来表达。
(2)、学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。
【典例8】　(2021·天津3月卷)
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking：What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID－19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work?
19．A.ride B．lock
C．repair D．replace
【分析】　普鲁特作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，D项“replace”符合语境。故选D。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。


精做高考真题
1、 （2022·浙江·高考真题）
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____1____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____2____ he were flying, his eyes wide with ____3____. His trust in me is ____4____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ____5____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____6____ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____7____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____9____ to lose. Every time I _____10_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____11_____ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____12_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____13_____ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
_____14_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____15_____ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _____16_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____17_____ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____18_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____19_____ you their best. Good _____20_____, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
1．A．deserve B．miss C．love D．know
2．A．as if B．in case C．even though D．so that
3．A．fear B．excitement C．doubt D．astonishment
4．A．reasonable B．limited C．absolute D．important
5．A．relief B．satisfaction C．achievement D．responsibility
6．A．older B．busier C．quieter D．healthier
7．A．on my behalf B．on my part C．in my honor D．in my name
8．A．long-distance B．high-risk C．parent-child D．teacher-student
9．A．afford B．choose C．wait D．expect
10．A．attach B．compare C．adjust D．introduce
11．A．safe B．happy C．proud D．grateful
12．A．Above all B．In addition C．At first D．For example
13．A．admit B．believe C．suggest D．imagine
14．A．However B．Therefore C．Similarly D．Fortunately
15．A．affection B．determination C．friendship D．leadership
16．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
17．A．repeat B．follow C．change D．forget
18．A．gesture B．measure C．bond D．lack
19．A．telling B．giving C．selling D．sending
20．A．management B．personality C．communication D．education
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
【详情解析】
1．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
2．【A】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
3．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
4．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
5．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
6．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment  ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
7．【B】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
8．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
9．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a  ____8____  relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
10．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
11．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
12．【D】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to  ____13____  ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
13．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
14．【C】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
15．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
16．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
17．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
18．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
19．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
20．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。
2、（2014·广东·高考真题）
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have___21___feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common ___22___between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over ___23___rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the ___24___. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for ___25___the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ___26___to these problems. However, some approaches are more ___27___than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but ___28___clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s ___29___. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the ____30____of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ____31____their actions.
Psychologists say that ____32____is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should ____33____to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may ____34____their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and ____35____each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
21．A．natural B．strong C．guilty D．similar
22．A．interest B．argument C．link D．knowledge
23．A．noisy B．crowded C．messy D．locked
24．A．homework B．housework C．problem D．research
25．A．washing B．using C．dropping D．replacing
26．A．approaches B．contributions C．introductions D．attitudes
27．A．complex B．popular C．scientific D．successful
28．A．later B．deliberately C．seldom D．thoroughly
29．A．behavior B．taste C．future D．nature
30．A．failures B．changes C．consequences D．thrills
31．A．defend B．delay C．repeat D．reconsider
32．A．communication B．bond C．friendship D．trust
33．A．reply B．attend C．attach D．talk
34．A．hate B．scold C．frighten D．stop
35．A．loving B．observing C．understanding D．praising
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。
【详情解析】
21．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父母觉得很难与青少年生活。同样，青少年对父母也有类似的感觉，他们说和父母住在一起并不容易。A. natural自然的；B. strong强壮的；C. guilty犯罪的；D. similar相似的。根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。
22．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。A. interest兴趣；B. argument争论，争吵；C. link联系；D. knowledge知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。
23．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A. noisy喧闹的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. messy杂乱的；D. locked上锁的。根据下文“clothes thrown on the floor”可知，此处指凌乱的房间。故选C。
24．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A. homework作业；B. housework家务；C. problem难题；D. research研究，调查。根据语境可知，此处指孩子们拒绝做家务。故选B。
25．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备他们把毛巾丢在浴室里，没有打扫房间，或者拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断地失去耐心。A. washing洗；B. using 使用；C. dropping落下；D. replacing更换，替代。根据下文“in the bathroom”可知，此处指毛巾扔进浴室，drop the towel“把毛巾掉在地上”。故选C。
26．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。A. approaches方法，途径；B. contributions 贡献；C. introductions介绍，入门；D. attitudes态度，看法。根据下文“However, some approaches are more 　　27　　than others.”可知，此处指不同的方法。故选A。
27．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。A. complex复杂的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. scientific科学的；D. successful成功的。根据下文可知，接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。
28．【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. later后来；B. deliberately故意地；C. seldom很少；D. thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。
29．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. behavior行为；B. taste味道；C. future未来；D. nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们，然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了，自然行为得不到改变。故选A。
30．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。A. failures失败；B. changes变化；C. consequences结果；D. thrills兴奋，震颤。根据下文“For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ___31___ their actions.”可知，此处指让青少年体验他们的行为的结果。故选C。
31．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。A. defend防御；B. delay耽搁；C. repeat重复；D. reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，此处指青少年被迫重新考虑他们的行动。故选D。
32．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。A. communication交流；B. bond结合；C. friendship友谊；D. trust信任。有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。
33．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母应和子女交谈 ，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。A. reply回答；B. attend参加；C. attach附加，系；D. talk谈论。根据下文“at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say”可知，此处是talk to“和……交流”。故选D。
34．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。A. hate讨厌；B. scold责备；C. frighten 吓唬；D. stop停止。代入四个词分析，只有B符合语境。故选B。
35．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。A. loving爱；B. observing观察；C. understanding理解；D. praising表扬。代入四个词分析，C更符合语境。故选C。
3、（2013·上海·高考真题）
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization ___36___ for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce _____37_____ in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth ____38____ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes ___39___ at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who ___40___ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. ___41___, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in ___42___ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually ___43___ the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually ___44___ from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. ______45______, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to ______46______ their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of ______47______. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to ______48______ and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no ______49______. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The ______50______ now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
36．A．possible B．smooth C．good D．easy
37．A．crime B．poverty C．conflict D．population
38．A．contributing B．responding C．turning D．owing
39．A．remain B．drop C．shift D．increase
40．A．doubt B．define C．advocate D．ignore
41．A．In addition B．For instance C．In other words D．All in all
42．A．mature B．new C．local D．foreign
43．A．finding B．exploring C．bridging D．widening
44．A．suffered B．profited C．learned D．withdrawn
45．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise
46．A．consume B．deliver C．export D．advertise
47．A．trouble B．business C．power D．mind
48．A．keep up B．come in C．go around D．help out
49．A．taking off B．getting along C．holding out D．turning back
50．A．agreement B．prediction C．outcome D．challenge
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文，文章主要讲述的是市场开放，即全球化给人们带来的影响。文章中包含两种相反的观点，一种观点陈述的是全球化带来的好处，一种观点陈述的是全球化带来的问题，各有充足的论点和论据。文章最后得出结论：全球化不可避免、无回头路可走，只有想办法找到一条最好的全球化的道路。
【详情解析】
36．【C】考查形容词。句意：问题是，经济全球化对所有人都好吗（有好处吗）?A．possible可能的；B．smooth顺利的，光滑的，平稳的；C．good好的；D．easy简单的。根据上一句的“increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market可知，逐渐地把世界经济转变为了一个自由流动的全球大市场，很明显这是讲市场开放的好处，这里是针对这种情况进行发问，故选C。
37．【B】考查名词。句意：经济全球化帮助减少贫困。A．crime    犯罪；B．poverty贫困；C．conflict冲突；D．population人口。根据后文的“It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries ”中的increased wealth(增加的财富)可知，市场开放给这些国家带来了财富的增加，财富增加了，那么就是减少了贫困问题。故选B。
38．【A】考查动词短语。句意：增加的财富使教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长。A．contributing促成，导致；B．responding对……做出反应；C．turning转向，向某人求助；D．owing to由于。根据后面的improved education and longer life可知，教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长，因此是产生了好的促进作用，故选A。
39．【D】考查动词。句意：这24个国家的人的收入增加了平均百分之五。A．remain仍然；B．drop下降；C．shift转移，变换；D．increase增加。根据上文中的It quotes one study that shows increased wealth to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries可知，这24个国家的财富增加了，也就是说他们的收入增加了，即increase。故选D。
40．【C】考查动词。句意：发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会。A．doubt怀疑；B．define定义、规定、明确；C．advocate提倡，拥护；D．ignore忽视。根据后面的 economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses可知，发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会，尤其是其中的“benefit from”可知，该观点的those（人们）是支持，提倡市场开放的，故选C项。
41．【B】考查介词短语。句意：例如，巴西的小农场主，他们生产的坚果原本只在当地市场销售。上一句讲到了小型的、家庭型的生意会获得更多的机会，该句讲的是他们具体是得到怎样的机会，因此属于具体说明、举例说明，故选择B项的for instance，意为“例如”。In addition意为“此外”，表递进关系。In other words换句话说。All in all总而言之。故选B。
42．【C】考查形容词。句意：例如，巴西的小农场主，他们生产的坚果原本只在当地市场销售。A．mature成熟的；B．new新的；C．local当地的；D．foreign国外的。根据后面的“can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.”中的now, worldwide与前半句的originally和 in open-air markets 是对比关系，即过去是当地市场，现在市场开放后是全球市场。故选C。
43．【D】考查动词。句意：经济全球化加大了穷人和富人之间的差距。A．finding找到；B．exploring探索；C．bridging架桥、度过；D．widening变宽。根据前面的“Critics take a different view”可知，该部分陈述的是反对市场开放的观点，因此他们认为市场开放会加大（widen）穷人和富人之间的差距。故选D。
44．【B】考查动词。句意：只有少部分发展中国家是从中（市场开放）收益的。A．suffered遭受；B．profited获益、盈利；C．learned学习；D．withdrawn撤退、收回。根据后面的“the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind”可知，穷人、未受教育的人、没有技术的工人和当地人都被丢在了后面，也就是说只有少部分人是从中（市场开放）收益的，故选B。
45．【A】考查连词。句意：而且全球化会逐渐威胁到新兴企业。A．Furthermore此外，表递进关系；B．Therefore因此，因果关系；C．However然而，转折关系；D．Otherwise否则，转折关系。根据下文的“globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses.”可知，该观点与上面几句的观点类似，都是属于反对市场开放的，但是该观点与上面的加大贫富差距不一样，因此跟上一观点是递进关系，故选A。
46．【C】考查动词。句意：例如，印度的手艺人目前看起来是从全球化中收益了，因为他们可以出口他们的商品，但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。A．consume消耗、消费；B．deliver递送，发表；C．export出口；D．advertise做广告。根据上文中的“small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet”可知，当地人可以通过互联网把商品卖到世界各地，即向国外出口（export)商品，故选C。
47．【B】考查介词短语。句意：但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。根据前文face fierce competition可知，激烈的竞争可能会导致他们破产，即out of business。Out of trouble 脱离困境；out of power丧失权力；out of mind心不在焉。故选B。
48．【A】考查动词短语。句意：小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。A．keep up保持、继续、不落后；B．come in进来；C．go around四处走动、供应；D．help out帮助……摆脱困境。根据上文的out of business和下文的be crowded out可知，此处指的是小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。故选A。
49．【D】考查动词短语。句意：全球化是必然的，是没有回头路可走的。A．taking off起飞，脱掉；B．getting along相处、进展；C．holding out伸出、坚持；D．turning back往回走。根据下文可知，随着科技的发展，还会有更多的开放政策，将会出现更好的全球化，因此可知，全球化是必然的，是没有回头路可走的，故选D。
50．【D】考查名词。句意：目前最大的挑战就是找到一个方法，来创造出一个能够对每一个人都有好处的全球化。A．agreement同意、一致；B．prediction预测、预计；C．outcome后果；D．challenge挑战。创造出对每个人都有好处的全球化是一个挑战。故选D。
　挑战名校考题
1、 （2023届辽宁省鞍山一中高三上学期第二次模拟考试）
We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence. Usually, people who do not ____1____ persistence are called lazy. But laziness is not the ____2____ problem. More often, it is doubt and fear that make you ____3____ and keep you from trying. These gradually ____4____ your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. That is why it is so ____5____ to push ahead. Failure is a(n) ____6____ for us to discover what goes wrong. After all, no one ____7____ their goal easily. For example, it’s constant ____8____ that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players.
Persistence doesn’t mean you should stay in a terrible situation. It’s about ____9____. Adversity (逆境) is unavoidable, but it doesn’t mean you should give up. You just need to ____10____ how you reach it. Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different ____11____.
If you’re ____12____, persistence comes naturally. I underwent an amazing amount of ____13____ when I first started writing. My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers. ____14____, I stuck to it. Eventually, my persistence paid off. My articles were ____15____ by an editor, who hired me to write articles. I endured over 10 years before seeing any success. Why? It was my love for writing that motivated me after repeated rejection and failure.
1．A．demonstrate B．enjoy C．control D．admit
2．A．special B．usual C．difficult D．only
3．A．regret B．grow C．delete D．hesitate
4．A．shape B．reduce C．raise D．construct
5．A．rough B．thrilling C．essential D．scary
6．A．excuse B．strategy C．opportunity D．measure
7．A．sets B．abandons C．adjusts D．achieves
8．A．practice B．test C．pressure D．passion
9．A．devotion B．reflection C．flexibility D．attention
10．A．accept B．insist C．plan D．change
11．A．goal B．path C．hobby D．reason
12．A．passionate B．curious C．responsible D．smart
13．A．expectation B．criticism C．hardship D．imagination
14．A．Otherwise B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．Moreover
15．A．appreciated B．rejected C．considered D．published
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了要实现目标，一定要坚持并且努力奋斗。
【详情解析】
1．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，没有表现出毅力的人被称为懒惰。A. demonstrate证明，表现出；B. enjoy喜欢；C. control控制；D. admit承认。根据上文“We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence (我们经常被告知我们不应该放弃，所有最成功的人都有毅力)”可知，没有表现出毅力的人被称为懒惰。故选A。
2．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但懒惰并不是唯一的问题。A. special特别的；B. usual通常的；C. difficult困难的；D. only唯一的。根据后文“More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 　　3　　 and keep you from trying (更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试)”可知，更多的时候是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫并放弃尝试，可知，懒惰并不是唯一的问题，故选D。
3．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试。A. regret后悔；B. grow成长；C. delete删除；D. hesitate犹豫。根据本句“doubt and fear (怀疑和恐惧)”可知，怀疑和恐惧让人犹豫。故选D。
4．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁。A. shape塑造；B. reduce减少，降低；C. raise提升；D. construct建造。根据上句 “More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 　　3　　 and keep you from trying (更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试)”可知，怀疑和恐惧会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁。故选B。
5．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么勇往直前是如此必要的原因。A. rough困难的；B. thrilling令人激动的；C. essential基本的；重要的；D. scary害怕的。根据上文“These gradually 　　4　　 your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. (这些会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁)”可知，怀疑和恐惧会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁，所以勇往直前是很重要的。故选C。
6．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是我们发现问题所在的机会。A. excuse借口；B. strategy策略；C. opportunity机会；D. measure措施。根据本句“to discover what goes wrong. (去发现哪里出了问题)”可知，失败是我们发现问题所在的机会。故选C。
7．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标。A. sets设定；B. abandons放弃；C. adjusts调整；D. achieves达到、实现。根据后句“ For example, it’s constant 　　8　　 that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players. (例如，正是不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里成为最伟大的篮球运动员之一)”可知，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标。故选D。
8．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，正是不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里成为最伟大的篮球运动员之一。 A. practice练习；B. test测试；C. pressure压力；D. passion激情。根据上句“After all, no one 　　7　　 their goal easily. (毕竟，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标)”可知，不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里实现自己的目标。故选A。
9．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是灵活性的问题。A. devotion忠诚、奉献；B. reflection反射；C. flexibility灵活性；D. attention注意力。根据后句“You just need to 　　10　　 how you reach it. (你只需要改变你实现它的方式)”可知，改变你实现它的方式，是做出了灵活性的调整。故选C。
10．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你只需要改变你实现它的方式。A. accept接受；B. insist坚持；C. plan计划；D. change改变。根据后句“Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different 　　11　　.(改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路)”可知，改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路，是改变你实现它的方式。故选D。
11．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路。A. goal目标；B. path道路；C. hobby爱好；D. reason理由。根据上文“You just need to 　　10　　 how you reach it. (你只需要改变你实现它的方式)”以及本句“Alter your plans, choose another method (改变你的计划，选择另一种方法)”可知，找到一条不同的道路来实现它。故选B。
12．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你充满激情，坚持是自然而然的事。A. passionate狂热的；B. curious好奇的；C. responsible有责任的。D. smart聪明的。根据本句“persistence comes naturally (坚持是自然而然的事)”可知，坚持是自然而然的事是因为你充满激情。故选A。
13．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我刚开始写作时，我经历了大量的困难。A. expectation期待，预期；B. criticism批评；C. hardship困难；D. imagination想象力。根据后句“My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers (我父亲反对。我收到了数百封出版商的拒绝信)”可知，这是作者遇到的困难。故选C。
14．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是坚持了下来。A. Otherwise否则，不然；B. Nevertheless然而，不过；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover而且。根据后句“My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers (我父亲反对。我收到了数百封出版商的拒绝信)”以及后句“I stuck to it(我坚持了下来)”可知，我刚开始写作时经历了大量的困难，然而，我还是坚持了下来。故选B。
15．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的文章得到了一位编辑的赏识，他雇我写文章。A. appreciated感激、赏识；B. rejected拒绝；C. considered考虑；D. published惩罚。根据本句“who hired me to write articles (他雇我写文章)”可知，我的文章得到了一位编辑的赏识。故选A。
2、（2023届上海市复旦附中高三10月份阶段评估英语试卷）
One of the supposed benefits of being in a long-term relationship is the guarantee that those involved will not be forced to spend time alone.
Advocates of marriage argue that living as a couple or as a family helps to prevent situations of loneliness and isolation, which can ___16___ lead to anxiety, depression, and other health problems, especially in old age.
This psychological course, however, is in ___17___ with many spiritual leaders, philosophers, and artists who praise the advantages of spending time alone. ___18___, some of the most celebrated thinkers and creators -- from Wordsworth (1770-1850, English poet) to Einstein and others - praised the value of spending time away from others.
What if, instead of focusing on the disadvantages of being lonely and by oneself, the focus was ___19___ the benefits of solitude?
Solitude, like loneliness, implies spending time alone. Yet, in direct contrast to loneliness, solitude can often be a positive state of being that should be ___20___ rather than avoided.
Instead of focusing on the negative experiences of being alone, the study of solitude as a ___21___ reveals that a different approach to this reality can promote freedom, creativity, intimacy, spirituality, and therefore happiness.
___22___, solitude brings rewards to those who value it. Singles, then, particularly singles who appreciate the value of spending time alone, can benefit greatly from the relationship circumstances that facilitate solitude that would be more elusive (不常见的) for individuals living with their partners.
In fact, boosting the happiness that singles can gain from solitude is the idea that those who are single, or plainly single at heart, are more likely to enjoy and benefit from solitude. Single at heart ___23___ a type of individual whose personality and nature mean that they live the happiest, fullest, and most authentic lives when they are not in relationships. People who are single at heart thrive the most from solitude and self-sufficiency and are also more likely to reap ___24___ rewards from spending time by themselves.
Some studies even point out how being single and ____25____ can be beneficial. For example, in ____26____ psychological resources available to married and never-married adults, an analysis indicates no significant differences in mental health between the study groups.
____27____, the study suggests that never-married individuals achieve a higher level of personal mastery than their married counterparts, particularly those above the age of forty. ____28____, those who had never married had clearer personal visions and goals, exhibited higher levels of patience, and were more prepared to view reality ____29____.
There is even evidence to suggest that singles, who are more accustomed to benefiting from time spent alone, are capable of being their own sources of comfort and security, though further research is required in order to establish the ____30____ behind this phenomenon.
16．A．in turn B．for sure C．at least D．by accident
17．A．agreement B．conflict C．contact D．negotiation
18．A．Hopefully B．Roughly C．Historically D．Spiritually
19．A．committed to B．attributed to C．attached to D．shifted to
20．A．tackled B．sought C．assumed D．deposited
21．A．subject B．discipline C．practice D．concept
22．A．Anyway B．Likewise C．Yet D．Indeed
23．A．refers to B．approves of C．accounts for D．figures out
24．A．physiological B．emotional C．economic D．physical
25．A．self-defensive B．self-aware C．self-evident D．self-sufficient
26．A．comparing B．exploiting C．distributing D．conserving
27．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．Thus D．Otherwise
28．A．Above all B．Better still C．In other words D．On the other hand
29．A．sensitively B．keenly C．deliberately D．objectively
30．A．remedies B．mechanisms C．relations D．secrets
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了独处给人们带来的好处。
【详情解析】
16．【A】考查介词短语辨析。句意：婚姻的支持者认为，夫妻或家庭生活有助于防止孤独和独处的情况，这反过来会导致焦虑、抑郁和其他健康问题，尤其是在老年。A. in turn依次，反过来；B. for sure确实；C. at least至少；D. by accident偶然。根据“lead to anxiety, depression, and other health problems, especially in old age.”可知，焦虑、抑郁和其他健康问题是夫妻或家庭生活反过来在老年阶段会导致的问题。故选A。
17．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一心理过程与许多精神领袖、哲学家和艺术家的观点相悖，他们都称赞独处的好处。A. agreement协议，同意；B. conflict争端；C. contact接触；D. negotiation谈判，协商。根据“who praise the advantages of spending time alone.”可知，上文提到的婚姻支持者的观点与许多精神领袖、哲学家和艺术家的观点相悖。故选B。
18．【C】考查副词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些最著名的思想家和创造者——从华兹华斯(1770-1850，英国诗人)到爱因斯坦等人——都称赞远离他人的价值。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Roughly大约，差不多；C. Historically在历史上；D. Spiritually在精神上地。根据“from Wordsworth (1770-1850, English poet) to Einstein and others”可知，此处提到了一些历史著名人物的看法，因此是从历史的角度看待问题。故选C。
19．【D】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们不再关注孤独和独自一人的坏处，而是把注意力转移到独处的好处上呢？A. committed to致力于；B. attributed to把……归因于；C. attached to连接在……上；D. shifted to转变到。根据“focusing on the disadvantages”和“the benefits of solitude”可知，此处提出这样一种假设，即将注意力从独处的坏处转移到独处的好处上。故选D。
20．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，与孤独相反的是，独处往往是一种积极的存在状态，应该去寻求，而不是回避。A. tackled处理；B. sought寻找；C. assumed假设，假定；D. deposited存储。根据“solitude can often be a positive state of being”可知，独处往往是一种积极的存在状态，人们应该去寻求独处。故选B。
21．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：将独处作为一种实践来研究，而不是专注于孤独的负面体验，揭示了一种不同的方法可以促进自由、创造力、亲密感、灵性，从而促进幸福。A. subject主题；B. discipline纪律；C. practice实践；D. concept概念。根据“Yet, in direct contrast to loneliness, solitude can often be a positive state of being”可知，孤独和独处不一样，因此我们应该将独处作为一种实践来研究，揭示它给人们带来的好处。故选C。
22．【D】考查副词词义辨析。句意：的确，独处会给珍视它的人带来回报。A. Anyway无论如何；B. Likewise同样地，类似地；C. Yet然而；D. Indeed实际上，的确。根据下文“Singles, then, particularly singles who appreciate the value of spending time alone, can benefit greatly from the relationship circumstances that facilitate solitude that would be more elusive (不常见的) for individuals living with their partners.(因此，单身人士，尤其是那些懂得独处价值的单身人士，可以从促进独处的关系环境中获益良多，而独处对于与伴侣生活在一起的人来说是难以实现的。)”可知，确实独处能给珍视它的人带来好处。故选D。
23．【A】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“内心单身”指的是一种人，他们的个性和天性意味着他们在没有伴侣的时候过着最幸福、最充实、最真实的生活。A. refers to提到；B. approves of赞成；C. accounts for解释，说明；D. figures out解决。根据“a type of individual whose…”可知，此处对“内心单身”下定义，即说明“内心单身”指的是什么。故选A。
24．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：内心单身的人最喜欢独处和自给自足，也更有可能从独处中获得情感上的回报。A. physiological生理学上的；B. emotional情感的；C. economic经济上的；D. physical身体的。根据“solitude and self-sufficiency”可知，此处指内心单身的人更有可能从独处中获得情感上的回报。故选B。
25．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些研究甚至指出单身和自给自足是如何有益的。A. self-defensive自卫的；B. self-aware自知的；C. self-evident显而易见的；D. self-sufficient自给自足的，自立的。根据“solitude and self-sufficiency”可知，此处是信息词self-sufficient的词汇复现。故选D。
26．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，在比较已婚和未婚成年人可获得的心理资源时，一项分析表明，研究小组之间的心理健康没有显著差异。A. comparing比较；B. exploiting开发，利用；C. distributing分发，分配；D. conserving保护，保存。根据“married and never-married adults”可知，此处是将已婚和未婚成年人可获得的心理资源进行比较。故选A。
27．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，该研究还表明，从未结过婚的人比已婚的人拥有更高的个人掌控水平，尤其是那些40岁以上的人。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。此处进一步说明上文中提到的研究得出的结论。故选B。
28．【C】考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，那些从未结过婚的人有更清晰的个人愿景和目标，表现出更高的耐心，更愿意客观地看待现实。A. Above all最重要的是；B. Better still更好的是；C. In other words换句话说；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据“those who had never married had clearer personal visions and goals, exhibited higher levels of patience”可知，此处说明那些从未结过婚的人有更清晰的个人愿景和目标，表现出更高的耐心，这与上文反应的研究结果意思是一样的，因此短语“in other words(换句话说)”符合语境。故选C。
29．【D】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sensitively敏感地；B. keenly强烈地，热切；C. deliberately故意地；D. objectively客观地。根据“had clearer personal visions and goals, exhibited higher levels of patience”可知，此处说明那些从未结过婚的人具备的优点，因此是在说明他们更愿意客观地看待现实。故选D。
30．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：甚至有证据表明，更习惯于从独处中获益的单身人士，有能力成为自己舒适和安全感的来源，尽管需要进一步的研究来确定这一现象背后的机制。A. remedies处理方法；B. mechanisms机制；C. relations关系；D. secrets秘密。根据“further research is required”和“behind this phenomenon”可知，此处说明，需要进一步的研究来确定这一现象背后的机制。故选B。
3、（2023届安徽省鼎尖名校联盟高三10月联考）
The British Cohort Study found that children reading for pleasure at a young age are not just better at language learning, they are better at other subjects. It can also ____31____ their growth greatly.
Reading for pleasure is ____32____ to problem solving. A fourteen—year—old boy who ____33____ the study said, “When big stuff happens in my life, I’ll think about what my favorite ____34____ would have done. They are the ones I ____35____, who have different ____36____ to handling things. Then I try to ____37____ them to my life, to see which way works for me.” The situations children read in books give them ____38____ on how to react to ____39____ experiences in real life.
Besides, like any other hobbyist, readers often ____40____ with those who love reading. These interactions help children develop ____41____ skills at a young age. They learn how to ____42____ opinions as well as building their understanding of other cultures and perspectives.
Extending love of reading to the ____43____ is important. Have books ____44____ to be read at any place around the house. Instead of watching television, have a family reading night. Once your children are reading on their own, spend time ____45____ them by reading a book you like. It can ____46____ them to ask about your book and possibly introduce them to a whole different subject or series!
Reading for pleasure has benefits that go beyond students’ ____47____ development at school. Reading for pleasure means giving students ____48____ about what they want to read, which helps create a lifelong ____49____. Practice it and see where it ____50____ them!
31．A．prevent B．revise C．influence D．challenge
32．A．beneficial B．essential C．vital D．harmful
33．A．put forward B．participated in C．gave up D．depended on
34．A．teachers B．classmates C．colleagues D．characters
35．A．inspire B．remember C．admire D．encounter
36．A．contributions B．approaches C．adjustments D．oppositions
37．A．compare B．attract C．apply D．return
38．A．clues B．tests C．topics D．requests
39．A．temporary B．various C．pitiful D．common
40．A．travel B．negotiate C．experiment D．interact
41．A．social B．learning C．financial D．working
42．A．judge B．choose C．accept D．share
43．A．campus B．home C．library D．classroom
44．A．ready B．safe C．tough D．rare
45．A．comforting B．protecting C．accompanying. D．disturbing
46．A．force B．remind C．forbid D．encourage
47．A．academic B．physical C．professional D．comprehensive
48．A．courses B．alternatives C．rewards D．missions
49．A．writer B．fighter C．reader D．dreamer
50．A．stops B．helps C．meets D．takes
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。文章认为快乐阅读给孩子带来很多好处，不仅有助于孩子学业发展，还帮助于孩子提高解决问题和与人交往的能力。
【详情解析】
31．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它也会极大地影响他们的生长。A. prevent阻止；B. revise修改、修订；C. influence影响；D. challenge挑战。上一句“ children reading for pleasure at a young age are not just better at language learning, they are better at other subjects.”提到快乐阅读不仅对孩子的语言学习有好处，也对其他学科有益。此句讲述除此之外，快乐阅读对孩子的成长也有很大影响。故选C。
32．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快乐阅读对解决问题有好处。A. beneficial有益的、由好处的；B. essential基本的、必不可少的；C. vital至关重要的；D. harmful有害的。根据第一段并结合下文讲述的十四岁孩子的事情可知，快乐阅读对解决问题是有帮助的。故选A。
33．【B】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一名参与研究的14岁男孩说。A. put forward提出；B. participated in参加；C. gave up放弃；D. depended on依赖。根据这个孩子所说的话以及下文中“The situations children read in books give them _____38___ on how to react to ____39____ experiences in real life.”可知，这个孩子参加了这项研究。故选B。
34．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 当我生活中发生大事时，我会考虑我最喜欢的角色会怎么做。A. teachers老师；B. classmates同班同学；C。 colleagues同事；D. characters角色。此句是十四岁的孩子在描述阅读如何帮他解决问题，所以遇到有事情需要处理时，他会去想他读的书中的人物(characters)是如何解决问题的。故选D。
35．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们是那些我敬佩的角色，他们有不同的处理事情的方式。A. inspire激励；B. remember记住；C. admire敬佩、羡慕；D. encounter偶遇。由上一句“When big stuff happens in my life, I’ll think about what my favorite   34　 would have done.”可知， 他会从书本中的人物身上学习解决问题的方法，所以这此人应该是他敬佩(admire)的。故选C。
36．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意 ：他们是那些我敬佩的角色，他们有不同的处理事情的方式。A. contributions贡献；B. approaches方式、方法；C. adjustments调整；D. oppositions反对。 。由句中“handle things”并结合句意可知，这个孩子学习的是书中他所敬佩的人物在处理事情时所用的方法(approaches) 。故选B。
37．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意： 然后我试着把它们应用到我的生活中，看看哪种方式适合我。A. compare比较；B. attract吸引；C. apply应用、申请；D. return返回、退还。根据“to see which way works for me”可知，这个孩子把书中人物处理事情的方式应用在他的生活中。故选C。
38．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们在书中读到的情景为他们如何对现实生活中的各种经历做出反应提供了线索。A. clues线索；B. tests测试；C. topics话题、主题；D. requests请求。根据句中“on how to react to ”可知，此处clues指的是线索、提示。故选A。
39．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们在书中读到的情景为他们如何对现实生活中的各种经历做出反应提供了线索。A. temporary暂时的；B. various不同的、各种各样的；C. pitiful遗憾的；D. common共同的、普遍的。由句中“experiences”可知，此处表示经历，用了复数形式，这里用“各种各样的”符合语境。故选B。
40．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，像其他业余爱好者一样，读者经常与喜欢阅读的人互动。A. travel旅游；B. negotiation协商、洽谈；C. experiment试验；D. interact互动。根据下一句的“These interactions”可知，此处D项符合语境。故选D。
41．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些互动有助于孩子们在很小的时候发展社交技能。A. social社会的、社交的；B. learning学习的；C. financial经济的、财政的；D. working工作的。由“interactions”可知，此处指的是与人交往的能力。故选A。
42．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们学习如何分享观点，以及建立对其他文化和观点的理解。A. judge 判断；B. choose 选择；C. accept 接受；D. share 分享。孩子们在互动，所以此处分享(share)观点符合语境，故选D。
43．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：把对阅读的热爱延伸到家庭是很重要的。A. campus校园；B. home家；C. library图书馆；D. classroom教室。根据下文的“Instead of watching television, have a family reading night.”可知，此处把对阅读的热爱延伸到家(home)符合语境。故选B。
44．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在房子周围的任何地方都准备好可以阅读的书。A. ready准备好的；B. safe安全的；C. tough艰难的；D. rare稀有的、罕见的。为了让家庭成员爱上阅读，应该营造有书的环境，所以此处表示在所有地方都准备(ready)好书。故选A。
45．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你的孩子独立阅读，你要花时间陪在他们身边，读着你自己喜欢的书。A.comforting安慰；B. protecting保护；C. accompanying陪伴；D. disturbing干扰。根据“by reading a book you like”和后一句的“ask about your book and possibly introduce them to a whole different subject or series!”可知，家长陪(accompanying)在孩子身边与孩子同时在读书。故选C。
46．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可以鼓励他们询问你的这本书，并可能把他们引向一个完全不同的主题或系列！A. force强迫；B. remind提醒；C. forbid禁止；D. encourage鼓励。 孩子读书时有家长陪在身边，这种做法会促使孩子积极向家长询问书本的相关内容，所以encourage符合语境。故选D。
47．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快乐阅读的好处超出了学生在学校的学业发展。A. academic学业的、学术的；B. physical身体的、物理的；C. professional专业的；D. comprehensive综合的、全面的。上文“children reading for pleasure at a young age are not just better at language learning, they are better at other subjects.”提到快乐阅读对孩子的学科学习有好处，此处指的是阅读对学生的帮助远不止学生在校时的学业上的(academic)进步。故选A。
48．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：快乐阅读意味着让学生选择他们想读什么，这有助于创造终身阅读者。A. courses课程；B. alternatives替代选择、可供选择的事物；C. rewards报酬、回报；D. missions 任务。快乐阅读应该是选择自已喜欢读书，所以alternatives符合语境。故选B。
49．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 快乐阅读意味着让学生选择他们想读什么，这有助于创造终身阅读者。A. writer作者、作家；B. fighter战士、斗争者；C. reader阅读者；D. dreamer梦想家。快乐读书的人将会成为终身阅读者(readers)。故选C。
50．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实践这种做法，看看它会把他们带到哪里！A. stops停止、阻止；B. helps帮助；C. meets会见；D. takes拿、带。此处意思是看看快乐阅读对阅读者的影响有多大，带(takes)他们走多远。故选D。
4、（2023届江苏省南京市秦淮中学、宇通实验小学等六校高三10月学情调研）
The malls were filled with people seeking Christmas gifts. Behind the ____51____ aspect of shopping for gifts lies the idea of caring, being attentive to the desire of special people in our lives. ____52____, to use a well-worn play on words: it is our presence, not our ____53____, that truly counts.
Giving attention to each other is, to a large extent, what human civilization is ____54____. This perhaps explains the runaway success of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook. ____55____ we use such sites for “micro blogging”, “idea voicing” and “status updates”, the reality is that we are often doing no more or less than fulfilling our basic human drive for attention exchange.
I friend you, you friend me. The ____56____ ease with which we can now get and give attention is why many people appear overly ____57____ to their smart phones. It is also a vicious(恶劣的) ____58____. As even more people are busy exchanging attention online, there is ____59____ less attention to be paid in the real world, which forces more people to seek their attention exchange online, or else risk attention-starvation.   
The very nature of attention exchange is being rapidly ____60____, and there is a danger that some of us will develop unhealthy practices. Just ____61____ eating red meat every day is a bad idea, so it is with too much attention exchange. The ____62____ consequences of our technological advancement in food production are highly visible: heart disease, diabetes and obesity. The consequences of our changed attention exchanges will be psychological and social, and so may take longer to ____63____, but they will be equally damaging.   
Face-to-face attention is becoming ____64____, and therefore more valuable. And it is a gift that can be given ____65____.
51．A．thoughtful B．imaginative C．physical D．romantic
52．A．Instead B．However C．Otherwise D．Moreover
53．A．opinions B．feelings C．choices D．presents
54．A．related to B．based upon C．stood for D．addicted to
55．A．While B．Once C．When D．If
56．A．strange B．disappointing C．charming D．slight
57．A．attached B．adapted C．absorbed D．appealed
58．A．habit B．circle C．gesture D．attempt
59．A．necessarily B．hopelessly C．directly D．increasingly
60．A．transformed B．disturbed C．revealed D．affected
61．A．because B．as C．like D．since
62．A．psychological B．eventual C．biological D．general
63．A．employ B．confirm C．exploit D．identify
64．A．costlier B．commoner C．rarer D．tougher
65．A．on purpose B．during the holidays C．in person D．all-year-round
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍了现代社会中随着智能手机的普及面对面交流越来越少的现状，表达了人与人的面对面沟通在情感表达中的重要意义，呼吁读者积极与朋友线下交流。
【详情解析】
51．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在购买礼物的物质方面的背后，隐藏着关怀的理念，关注我们生活中特殊的人群的愿望。A. thoughtful思考的，体贴的；B. imaginative富于想象力的；C. physical 身体上的，现实的，物质的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据下文的“the idea of caring, being attentive to the desire of special people in our lives”心理上对别人的关爱，可知礼物是“物质上的，现实上的”，两者相呼应，所以physical 符合句意，故选C。
52．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，用一句老调重弹的话来说：真正重要的是我们的存在，而不是我们的礼物。A. Instead作为替代，反而；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则，用别的办法；D. Moreover此外。根据最后一段“Face-to-face attention is becoming ____64____, and therefore more valuable”可知作者对追求送礼物这一现象的否定，强调了个人陪伴与爱最为重要的观点，所以此句与前一句是转折关系，However符合句意，故选B。
53．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，用一句老调重弹的话来说：真正重要的是我们的存在，而不是我们的礼物。A. opinions观点；B. feelings情绪，感觉；C. choices选择；D. presents礼物。根据上文的“The malls were filled with people seeking Christmas gifts. Behind the ____51____ aspect of shopping for gifts lies the idea of caring,”可知此处谈论的是买礼物，所以填presents。故选D.
54．【B】考查短语辨析。句意：相互关注在很大程度上是人类文明的基础。A. related to与……相关；B. based upon以……为基础；C. stood for代表；D. addicted to上瘾；沉迷于。根据第二段的最后一句中的“fulfilling our basic human drive for attention exchange”可知此处指注意力交换是人类的基本需求，所以此处应该填based upon，be based upon意为“以……为基础”，故选B。
55．【A】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们使用这些网站进行“微博”、“表达想法”和“状态更新”，但现实情况是，我们通常只不过是在满足人们对注意力交流的基本需求。A. While尽管，当……时候；B. Once一旦……就；C. When当……时候；D. If假如。根据 句意可知此处为让步状语从句表达“尽管”，故选A。
56．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们现在可以轻松地获得和给予关注，这就是为什么许多人似乎过于依赖他们的智能手机的原因。A. strange奇怪的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. charming令人着迷的，吸引人的；D. slight略微的，纤细的。charming ease 表示非常轻松，符合句意，故选C。
57．【A】考查固定搭配。句意：我们现在可以轻松地获得和给予关注，这就是为什么许多人似乎过于依赖他们的智能手机的原因。A. attached依恋，附属于；B. adapted适合，适应；C. absorbed全神贯注，吸收；D. appealed呼吁，吸引。根据句意可知此处指过于依赖手机，短语be attached to意为“喜欢，依赖”符合句意。故选A。
58．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是一个恶性循环。A. habit习惯；B. circle圆，环；C. gesture姿势；D. attempt尝试，试图。根据后文的“As even more people are busy exchanging attention online, there is ____59____ less attention to be paid in the real world, which forces more people to seek their attention exchange online, or else risk attention-starvation.”可知随着越来越多的人忙于在线交流注意力，现实世界中需要关注的注意力越来越少，这迫使更多的人在网上寻求注意力交流，否则可能会导致注意力匮乏，所以这是一个恶性循环，circle符合句意，故选B。
59．【D】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的人忙于在线交流注意力，现实世界中需要关注的注意力越来越少，这迫使更多的人在网上寻求注意力交流，否则可能会导致注意力匮乏A. necessarily必然，必定；B. hopelessly无希望地，绝望地；C. directly直接地；D. increasingly不断增加地。根据“As even more people are busy exchanging attention online”可知对真实世界的关注越来越少，所以increasingly less attention符合句意，故选D。
60．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意力交换的本质正在迅速转变，我们中的一些人可能会养成不健康的习惯。A. transformed改变，转换；B. disturbed打扰，搅乱；C. revealed揭示，显示；D. affected影响。根据下文“there is a danger that some of us will develop unhealthy practices”可知，现代人交流的方式从面对面变成了手机，所以这里应该使用 transform 表示注意力交流的本质正在迅速改变。故选A。
61．【B】考查连词词义辨析。句意：就像每天吃红肉是一个坏主意一样，太多的注意力交换也是如此。A. because因为；B. as正如，照……方式，随着；C. like像；D. since自从，既然。此处指太多的注意力交换就像每天吃红肉一样，是个坏主意，just as意为“恰如，如同”符合句意，故选B。
62．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：食品生产技术进步的生物学后果是显而易见的：心脏病、糖尿病和肥胖症。A. psychological心理（学）的；B. eventual最终的；C. biological生物学（上）的；D. general一般的，普遍的。根据句中的“heart disease, diabetes and obesity”可知这些后果都是与身体相关的，biological consequences 表示“生物学后果”。故选C。
63．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们改变注意力交流的后果将是心理上和社会上的，因此可能需要更长的时间来确定，但它们也同样具有破坏性。A. employ雇用，利用；B. confirm证实；C. exploit剥削；D. identify认出，识别。从前文“The consequences of our changed attention exchanges will be psychological and social,”可以看出，这个后果没有生物学改变那么明显，所以它的后果是需要更长的时间来识别和确认，故选D。
64．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：面对面的关注越来越少，因此也越来越有价值。A. costlier更昂贵的；B. commoner更普通的；更常见的；C. rarer更稀有的；D. tougher更难的，更结实的。根据第9空所在句子“As even more people are busy exchanging attention online, ”可知面对面的关注越来越少，所以rarer符合句意，故选C。
65．【D】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这是一份全年都可以赠送的礼物。A. on purpose故意地；B. during the holidays在假期期间；C. in person亲自，本人；D. all-year-round全年。这里强调的是随时都能去见面，与第一段第一句的“Christmas gift”相对应。故选D。
5、（2023届河南省豫南省级示范工作联盟高三上学期第二次联考）
More and more electronic devices and services in our daily life mean we have too many passwords and numbers to remember. Passwords help us protect our ____66____and privacy; however, they also bring us a lot of  ____67____.
Every day I need to remember much ____68____ information. Every morning I _____69_____  my cellphone — it needs a password. I get to work and I have to have___70___ my computer with a password. Like many   people in Britain, I have two bank _____71_____. One needs a five-digit number and a password;  _____72_____  needs  a six-digit number and a memorable place name. I have an online savings account that needs a different password___73___the password for my bank account.
___74___ you never use a computer, you can be ____75____ by the password overload . Look in your wallet.   Your probably____76____ four or five credit cards . In these days of chip and pin(个人识别码), these are virtually useless if you do not have the magic four-digit numbers . The banks____77____ you not to have the same number for all your cards . Give me a break. Am I going to carry five different random four-digit numbers in my head?____78____, I’m not memory genius.
I’ve tried systems to help me____79____— such as using the names of favorite films or members of my extended family; but none seems to____80____. So what is the solution?
If you are a technical expert, you can download a “password safe”. These are programs that____81____all  your passwords so they can be used for accessing sites. The problem is that you can only use this on your home computer, and if that get____82____ you are in trouble.
Some of the banks are starting to____83____customers a “ dongle ( 适配器 )” , which is a portable password device that plugs into your computer . This is an electronic version of writing the password down on a piece of paper. The ____84____  is that dongles cost money and if the one your bank gives you doesn’t let  you store other websites’ passwords, you could____85____carrying a dozen dongles in your pocket.
Well, putting all your cash in a box under the bed never seems so attractive.
66．A．health B．life C．wealth D．qualities
67．A．fun B．conveniences C．advantages D．troubles
68．A．useless B．practical C．valuable D．meaningful
69．A．turn off B．turn on C．turn down D．pick up
70．A．control over B．access to C．words with D．pity on
71．A．passwords B．assistants C．cards D．accounts
72．A．another B．others C．the other D．neither
73．A．with B．in C．from D．above
74．A．As long as B．As if C．In case D．Even if
75．A．hit B．thrown C．attracted D．hurt
76．A．steal B．carry C．bring D．take
77．A．have B．tell C．allow D．make
78．A．Above all B．In all C．After all D．Of all
79．A．remember B．operate C．recognize D．study
80．A．work B．do C．act D．serve
81．A．process B．destroy C．store D．create
82．A．changed B．separated C．hurt D．stolen
83．A．promise B．offer C．teach D．buy
84．A．fact B．offer C．rule D．problem
85．A．end up B．turn up C．give up D．make up
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。本文论述了密码给我们的生活带来的影响，一方面它保护了我们的财产和隐私，但过多的密码也让我们有记忆方面的困扰。
【详情解析】
66．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：密码帮助我们保护我们的财富和隐私，然而，它也给我们带来了很多麻烦。A. health健康；B. life生活；C. wealth财富；D. qualities 品质。结合第二段中的“Like many people in Britain, I have two bank 　　71　　.”可知，作者提到自己像许多英国人一样，有两个银行账户，可推知，此处指“密码帮助我们保护我们的财富（wealth）和隐私”。故选C项。
67．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：密码帮助我们保护我们的财富和隐私，然而，它们也给我们带来了很多麻烦。A. fun有趣的事；B. conveniences便利；C. advantages优势；D. troubles麻烦。根据下文“Every morning I  　　69　　 my cellphone — it needs a password. I get to work and I have to have　　70　　 my computer with a password. Like many people in Britain, I have two bank 　　71　　. One needs a five-digit number and a password”可知，生活中，人们需要记住各种各样的密码，例如打开手机、电脑以及银行账户等等。然而，人的记忆能力毕竟有限，所以，密码给我们的生活带来了很多记忆麻烦（troubles）。故选D项。
68．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天我都需要记住很多无用的信息。A. useless无用的；B. practical实用的；C. valuable宝贵的；D. meaningful 有意义的。根据下文“Every morning I  　　69　　 my cellphone — it needs a password. I get to work and I have to have　　70　　 my computer with a password. Like many people in Britain, I have two bank 　　71　　. One needs a five-digit number and a password”可知，作者列举了他需要开启手机的密码，需要打开电脑的密码，结合前文提及密码同样带来很多麻烦，推断题干意为“每天我都要记住很多无用的（useless）信息”。故选A项。
69．【B】考查短语辨析。句意：每天早上我打开手机——它需要密码。A. turn off关掉；B. turn on打开；C. turn down拒绝；D. pick up 捡起。根据“it needs a password”可知，此处指作者打开（turn on）手机，需要密码。故选B项。
70．【B】考查短语辨析。句意：我要上班，必须用密码才能访问我的电脑。A. control over控制；B. access to接近，访问；C. words with单词；D. pity on同情。根据语境及该句中的“my computer with a password”可知，此处指必须用密码才能访问电脑，短语have access to 意为“获得进入……的途径，访问……”故选B项。
71．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：像许多英国人一样，我有两个银行账户。A. passwords密码；B. assistants助理；C. cards 卡；D. accounts 账户。根据下文“I have an online savings account that needs a different password　　73　　the password for my bank account.”可知，作者有一个网上储蓄账户，这个账户需要一个不同于他银行账户密码的密码。因此，该句中指作者有两个银行账户（accounts）。故选D项。
72．【C】考查代词词义辨析。句意：一个需要五位数的数字和密码，另一个需要六位数的数字和令人难忘的地名。A. another另一个；B. others其他人；C. the other另一个；D. neither 两个都不。根据上文“I have two bank 　　71　　. One needs a five-digit number and a password”可知，作者有两个账户，其中一个需要五位数的密码，此处指这两个账户中的“另一个（the other）”。故选C项。
73．【C】考查短语辨析。句意：我有一个网上储蓄账户，需要一个不同于银行账户密码的密码。A. with与，和；B. in 在……里面；C. from 从；D. above 上面。根据该空前的“a different password”可知，此处指“不同于”银行账户密码的密码，固定搭配different from 意为“不同于……”，故选C项。
74．【D】考查连词词义辨析。句意：即使你从不使用电脑，你也可能会遭遇密码过多的冲击。A. As long as 只要;；B. As if好像；C. In case以防；D. Even if 即使。分析句意及句子可知，这是一个让步状语从句，“you never use a computer, you can be 　　75　　 by the password overload”与从句“you never use a computer”构成让步关系，连接词应该用even if。故选D项。
75．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你从不使用电脑，你也可能会遭遇密码过多的冲击。A. hit冲击；B. thrown扔；C. attracted吸引；D. hurt 伤害。根据下文“Give me a break. Am I going to carry five different random four-digit numbers in my head?　　78　　, I’m not memory genius.”可知，作者提到要在脑子里记住五个不同的随机的四位数密码，大量的密码对人造成了心理压力和记忆力的冲击（hit）。故选A项。
76．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看看你的钱包。你的信用卡可能有四五张。A. steal偷；B. carry携带；C. bring带；D. take 花。根据上文“Look in your wallet …four or five credit cards . In these days of chip and pin(个人识别码), these are virtually useless if you do not have the magic four-digit numbers .”可知，作者提到看你的钱包，空格后提及四五张信用卡，推断题干意为钱包里携带(carry)有四五张信用卡。故选B项。
77．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：银行告诉你不要所有的卡号码都一样。 A. have有；B. tell告诉；C. allow允许；D. make制作。根据该空前“The banks”以及该空后“you not to have the same number for all your cards”可推断出该句意思是，因为银行会告知（tell）客户这个设置密码的提示。故选B项。
78．【C】考查短语辨析。句意：毕竟，我不是记忆天才。 A. Above all最重要是，综上所述；B. In all在所有；C. After all毕竟；D. Of all在所有。根据上文“　　74　　 you never use a computer, you can be 　　75　　 by the password overload”以及该空后“I’m not memory genius”可知，作者对繁多的密码需要记住感到不堪重负，又说自己不是记忆天才，推断该空意为“毕竟（After all）”，表示一种慨叹，毕竟不是记忆天才。故选C项。
79．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尝试了一些系统来帮助我记忆——比如用我最喜欢的电影或我的大家庭成员的名字。A. remember记忆；B. operate操作；C. recognize识别；D. study研究。根据下文“such as using the names of favorite films or members of my extended family; but none seems to　　80　　. So what is the solution?”可知，作者提及了比如使用最喜欢的电影的名字或者我挚爱的家人，这些是辅助我记住密码的手段，推断题干句意为“我曾试使用帮助我记忆（remember）的系统”。故选A项。
80．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但似乎没有一个能起作用。A. work起作用；B. do做；C. act表演；D. serve 服务。根据上文“I’ve tried systems to help me　　79　　— such as using the names of favorite films or members of my extended family”以及该句中“but none seems to…So what is the solution?”可知，作者试过用记忆系统，空格后提及所以还有什么办法呢？可推测，记忆系统并不起作用（work）。故选A项。
81．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些程序可以存储你的所有密码，以便用来访问网站。A. process推进；B. destroy摧毁；C. store保存；D. create 创建。根据上文“If you are a technical expert, you can download a “password safe”. These are programs that　　81　　all  your passwords so they can be used for accessing sites.”以及该空后“all  your passwords so they can be used for accessing sites.”可知，作者提到，如果你是一个技术专家，你可以密下载“密码安全”这个程序，空格后提及你所有的密码以便它们可以被用来登入各种网站，推断出，该句意为“保存（store）我们所有密码的程序，以便于我们登入各种网站”。故选C项。
82．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题是你只能在家里的电脑上使用它，如果它被偷了，你就有麻烦了。A. changed改变；B. separated分离；C. hurt伤害；D. stolen偷。结合上文及该空前“The problem is that you can only use this on your home computer ”以及该空后“you are in trouble”可知，作者认为，在家里电脑上可以使用密码程序来保存密码，如果电脑被偷（stolen），密码很可能泄露，那样就陷入麻烦中。故选D项。
83．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些银行开始向客户提供“加密狗（dongle）”，这是一种插入电脑的便携式密码设备。A. promise承诺；B. offer提供；C. teach教；D. buy 买。根据该空前的“Some of the banks”以及该空后“customers a “ dongle (加密狗)”，可推断出，题干意为“银行给消费者提供（offer）适配器”。故选B项。
84．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是加密狗要花钱，如果你的银行给你的加密狗不允许你存储其他网站的密码，你的口袋里可能会有十几个加密狗。A. fact事实；B. offer提供；C. rule规则；D. problem 问题。根据该空后“dongles cost money and if the one your bank gives you doesn’t let  you store other websites’ passwords, you could　　85　　carrying a dozen dongles in your pocket.”可知，加密狗要花钱并且如果你的银行给你的不让你储存其他网站的密码，你不得不在口袋里携带一堆加密狗，推知，该处指使用加密狗所带来的一系列问题（problem）。故选D项。
85．【A】考查短语辨析。句意：问题是加密狗要花钱，如果你的银行给你的加密狗不允许你存储其他网站的密码，你的口袋里可能会有十几个加密狗。A. end up最后，以……告终；B. turn up出现；C. give up放弃；D. make up 组成。根据上一句该空前“The 　　84　　 is that dongles cost money and if the one your bank gives you doesn’t let you store other websites’ passwords”以及该空后“carrying a dozen dongles in your pocket.”可知，如果银行的加密狗不允许存储其他银行的密码，结果就是“在口袋里携带一堆加密狗”，即以在口袋里携带一堆加密狗而告终（end up）。故选A项。