2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习Unit1Natureinthebalance学生用书牛津译林版必修第三册

必修第三册　Unit 1　Nature in the balance
►核心词汇——写其形
1．____________ n. 利润，收益；好处
　　　　vi. &vt. 收益，得到好处
2．____________ adj. 级别高的；年老的；(体育运动)高级水平的
3．____________ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群
　　　　adj. 大批的，广泛的
4．____________ n. 居所；遮蔽；遮蔽物；庇护处
　　　　　　vt. 保护，掩蔽
　　　　vi. 躲避
5．____________ vt. &vi. 跟踪，追踪
　　　　n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
6．____________ n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
　　　　vi. &vt. 有影响；冲击
7．____________ vi. 反对，抗议
　　　 　vt. 坚持声称，申辩
　　　 　n. 抗议，反对
8．____________ vt. &n. 损坏，破坏；损害，伤害

►阅读词汇——知其意
1．continent n. ________________
2．dolphin n. ________________
3．resident n. ________________
4．million n. ________________
5．brochure n. ________________
6．whale n. ________________
7．nutrient n. ________________
8．climate n. ________________
9．species n. ________________
10．biodiversity n. ________________
11．shark n. ________________
12．beneath prep. ________________
13．microorganism n. ________________
14．carbon n. ________________
15．insect n. ________________

►拓展词汇——通其变
1．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→________ vi.出现
2．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→________ n. 生存，存活→________ n．幸存者
3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→________ vi变化，变种
4．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→________ adj.随之发生的
5．harm n. &vt.伤害，损害→________ adj.有害的
6．hardwood n．阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)→________ adj.坚固的；坚硬的；结实的
7．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→________ adj.已灭绝的
8．application n．应用，运用；申请→applicant n．申请人→________ v．应用；运用
9．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→________ vt.组织；安排
10．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→________ vt.(使)变长

►高频短语——记得牢
1．________________ 相应地，转而
2．________________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
3．________________ 给……带来起色，注入活力
4．________________ 由于，因为
5．________________ 逐渐增加，扩大
6．come up with ________________
7．call for ________________
8．spring to mind ________________
9．get rid of ________________
10．give rise to ________________

►典型句式——懂其用
1．“倍数关系”表达方式
With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest ____________________.
亚马孙雨林面积约550万平方千米，相当于中国面积的一半以上。
2．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
The Amazon River, ______________________， is about 6,400 kilometres in length—around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
3．介词结构用于句首引起完全倒装
Above that ______________________________ on the dark forest floor.
黑暗的森林地面以上是大量落叶。
4．as引导时间状语从句
________________________ and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球的肺”的后果吗？
5．wish＋虚拟语气的宾语从句
I wish ________________________.
我希望我们也能帮点忙。


【核心考点】
►第一版块|重点单词
1．harm n. & vt.伤害，损害　harmful adj.有害的　harmless adj.无害的
physical/emotional harm 身体/情感伤害
do/cause harm to sth. 对某物有害(to是介词)
do more harm than good 弊大于利
mean no harm/not mean any harm 无意伤害
harm the environment 损害环境
There's no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth. 不妨做某事；做某事没有什么坏处。
be harmful to sth.＝do/cause harm to sth. 对……有害
be harmless to sth. 对某物无害
do sb. good＝do good to sb. 对某人有好处
do sb. wrong＝do wrong to sb. 冤枉某人
This object gives off harmful gases, which may do harm to/be harmful to our health. You'd better make the object harmless before you use it.这个物体发出有害的气体，这些气体可能对我们的健康有害。你最好在用之前让它变得无害。
This event harmed the relations between the two countries.这个事件损害了两国之间的关系。
Smoking does great harm to your health.
＝Smoking does your health great harm.
吸烟有害健康。
There's no harm in telling him the truth.
把真相告诉他没有什么坏处。
◎单句语法填空
①[2022·北京卷]Fearful that he might have an intention ________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
②There's no great harm in ________ (drink) a little beer to relieve tiredness after hard work.
③You needn't worry and this experiment is ________ (harm) to the animals.
◎一句多译
④珍妮似乎焦虑不安，不想伤害她的妈妈。
Jenny seems anxious and doesn't want to ________________.(harm v．)
Jenny seems anxious and doesn't want to ________________.(harm n．)

2.length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
in length 在长度上
at length 详尽地；充分地；最后；终于
go to great lengths (to do sth.)
尽一切可能/不遗余力(做某事)
for a length of time 相当长的一段时间
Each class is 45 minutes in length.
每一节课为45分钟。
We have already discussed this matter at length.
我们已经详细地讨论了这个问题。
They go to great lengths to shelter the homeless.
他们竭尽全力为无家可归者提供住所。
[用法拓展]　　　　　　
two meters in length＝two meters long 2米长
at arm's length一臂之遥
at length＝in detail终于，最后；详尽地，充分地
◎单句语法填空
①The fish can grow to ________ length of four feet.
②The ________ (long) of your talk must be at least 10 minutes.
③Can you help me ________ (length) this skirt?
◎完成句子
④The broad river is 300 miles ____________________ (在长度上)．
⑤He told us how he had worked out the budget ________________________(最后)。
⑥We will __________________ (尽一切可能) to help you out of trouble.

3．shelter n．居所；遮蔽；遮蔽物；庇护处　vt.保护，掩蔽　vi.躲避
(1)provide food and shelter for... 为……提供食物和住所
a homeless shelter 无家可归者的收容所
an emergency shelter 紧急避难所
bus shelter 公共汽车候车亭
under the shelter of 在……庇护下
put up a shelter from the rain
搭建一个躲雨的地方take shelter from 躲避……
seek shelter from... 寻求庇护
(2)shelter the homeless 收容无家可归者
shelter sb. from... 保护某人以躲避……
(3)shelter under/behind... 躲在……下面/后面
They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.他们站在一棵大树下躲着。
We took shelter from the pouring rain at a bus stop.我们在一个公共汽车站里躲避倾盆大雨。
Trees shelter the house from the wind.
树给房子挡风。
◎单句语法填空
①The great elm trees gave them shelter ________ the wind.
②We sat in the shade, ________ (shelter) from the sun.
③We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere ________ (shelter)．
◎完成句子
④_______________________ (在……庇护下) a tent, a crowd was gathered for a brunch.
⑤Some parents are just too protective. They want to ____________________(保护他们的孩子免受) every kind of danger, real or imagined.

4．variety n．[C]种类，品种；[U]多样化，变化　vary v．改变，变化　various adj.各种各样的　
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种种，各种各样的
a great/wide/large variety of
各种各样的
(2)vary with 随……而变化
vary from...to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变化
vary from person to person 因人而异
vary between...and... 在两种情况之间变化/更迭交替等
vary in... 在……方面变化　　
(3)various shapes and sizes 各种各样的形状和大小
various kinds of 各种各样的
There are varieties of fishes in the lake.
那个湖里有各种各样的鱼。
It is obvious that they speak English with a variety of accents.
很显然，他们讲英语时带有各种各样的口音。
We all need variety in our diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
◎单句语法填空
①There are ________ (vary) ways to answer your question.
②There is a wide ________ (various) of patterns to choose from.
③The two sweaters are of the same style, but they vary ________ price because of different materials.
④Generally speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables vary ________ seasons.
⑤There are __________ variety of football competitions, among which the World Cup is popular with the most people.
⑥There are a large variety of flowers on sale in the market, while the variety of what he prefers ________ (be) limited.
◎完成句子
⑦在这种技术的帮助下，给检查者提供各种关于合适的锻炼方式的建议变得容易多了。
With the help of this technique, providing ________________________ suggestions on appropriate ways of exercise for examinees becomes much easier.

5．impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞　vi.&vt.有影响；冲击
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
be impacted by... 受到……影响
have/make an impact on 对……有影响
have no impact on 对……没有影响
have a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响
the impact of... ……的影响
Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years.
父亲去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响。
The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students.
老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远影响。
We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism.
我们逐渐意识到旅游业对环境的影响。
◎单句语法填空
①Every teardown has ________ impact on the look and feel of a community.
②Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact ________ the recession.
③One of the most basic core values is honesty. It ________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take.
◎完成句子
④These costs will ________________________(极大地影响) our profitability (利润)．
⑤They say they expect the meeting to ________________________ (对……有显著影响) the future of the country. (impact n．)

6．damage n. & vt.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害
(1)damage one's health/reputation/career
损害某人的健康/名誉/事业
emotionally damaged 感情上受到伤害
(2)pay for the damage 赔偿损失
prevent property damage 防止财产损失
do/cause damage to... 对……造成损害
Smoking severely damaged his health.
吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。
Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.
几幢建筑物受到地震破坏。
The thunderstorm didn't do much damage.
雷暴并未造成严重损失。
The terrifying earthquake caused severe damage to a lot of buildings.
可怕的地震对许多建筑物造成了严重破坏。
[词语辨析] damage, destroy与ruin

damage
指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。
destroy
常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等打破。只能用作动词，名词为destruction。
ruin
指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。可以作名词，也可以作动词。常用短语是in ruins，表示“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪”。
◎单句语法填空
①John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ________ (damage) seriously.
②When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage ________ the nearby towns.
③Damage ________ (cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored.
◎完成句子
④The accident ____________________________(对……造成了一些损坏) my car, but it was nothing serious.
⑤He won't do anything that may ________________________ (损害他的名誉)．
辨析填空(ruin/damage/destroy)
⑥The school was completely ________ by fire.
⑦The boys skirted (绕开，避开) the field so as not to ________ the crops.
⑧It rained for several weeks, completely ________ our holiday.

7.application n．应用，运用；申请　apply v．申请；应用　applied adj.应用的　applicant n．申请者
a letter of application 申请信
fill in an application form 填写申请表
an application software 应用软件
make an application to sb. for...
向某人(某机构)申请……
have a wide application in... 在……中得到广泛应用
application form 申请表
apply for 申请
apply for a travel/a parking/an export permit
申请旅行/停车/出口许可证
apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物
apply to the company for a position
向公司申请一个职务
apply sth. to sth. 把……应用到……
apply oneself to 致力于(to是介词)
applied science 应用科学
applied psychology 应用心理学
The technology has a wide application in IT industry.
这项技术在信息技术产业上得到了广泛应用。
Have you filled in the application form for a new passport？你已经填写了领新护照的申请表了吗？
Now lots of new technologies can be applied to solving problems in agriculture.
现在许多新技术可以用于解决农业上的问题。
◎单句语法填空
①I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my ________ (apply)．
②If the ________ (apply) is not a true candidate for the job, do not interview him.
③The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
④However, technology is also the ________ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.
⑤So far, a variety of ________ (apply) have applied for the job and handed in ________ (apply) forms.
◎完成句子
⑥If you ____________________(尽全力做) the job, in my opinion, you'll soon get promoted.

8.track vt. & vi.跟踪，追踪　n．轨道；跑道；(人、兽的)足迹；(车辆的)轨迹　
(1)track down 追踪到，追查到
hunters tracking and shooting bears
追踪和射猎熊的猎人
(2)railway tracks 铁路轨道
back on track 重新步入正轨
be on the right/wrong track 思路正确/错误
track and field events 田径赛事
keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系
lose track of 不了解……的动态；与……失去联系
on the track 在轨道上
The thief was closely tracked by the police.
那个小偷被警察严密地跟踪。
Bank statements help you keep track of where your money is going.
银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。
[单词助记]

◎单句语法填空
①I tried to get my life back ________ the track after the accident.
②He followed the ________ (track) of a car to the edge of the lake.
③How effectively it is working can ________ (track) by monitoring someone's heart rate as he breathes in and out.
◎完成句子
④The police have ________________________ (与……失去联系) the criminals.
⑤My mother is trying __________________ (了解……的动态) the money we're spending.

9.profit n．利润，收益；好处　vi. & vt.获益，得到好处　profitable adj.有利润的　　
(1)a big/huge profit 巨额利润
a small/modest profit 微薄的利润
non­profit organization 非营利性组织
to one's profit 对某人有好处
make/earn a profit/profits 获利
(2)A profit B (A使B获准)
＝B profit from A (B从A中获益)
a highly profitable business 获利高的企业
Unfortunately, the research was limited to increasing economic profits, rather than protecting the environment.不幸地是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。
I hope the lesson will profit you.
＝I hope you will profit from the lesson.
我希望你能从这次教训中获益。
◎写出句中profit的含义
①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.____________
②On the basis of our sales' forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.____________
③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure.____________
④I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.____________
◎单句语法填空
⑤You can profit ________ listening to a wise man.
⑥We can make ________ profit from what you said.

10.defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守　defend v．防御，保护；辩解，辩护　defensive adj.自卫的；防御用的
(1)defence works 防御工事，防御工程
a defence satellite 防御卫星
in defence of 保护；为了保卫；为……辩护
in one's defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护
come to one's defence 出来为某人辩护
a defence against 对……的防御物
(2)defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
defend... from/against harm 保卫……免受伤害
The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument?
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
The area's flood defences need repairing.
该地区的防洪设施需要整修。
◎单句语法填空
①They were fighting like lions in defence ________ their homeland.
②As a famous politician once said, attack is the best method of ________ (defend)．
③The PLA defends our motherland ________ being attacked.

11．process n．[C]进程，过程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理　processed adj.经加工的，加工过的　　
(1)the learning process 学习过程
a gradual/slow/long/painful process
一个循序渐进的/缓慢的/漫长的/痛苦的过程
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中
in the process 同时，在……过程中
in process 在进行中
(2)process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application 处理申请
(3)processed cheese/meat/fish 加工过的干酪/肉/鱼
We're in the process of selling our old furniture.
我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。

◎单句语法填空
①I'm afraid getting things changed will be ________ slow process.
②All the information was then ready ________ (process) into film negatives.
③Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ which even the small details of life should be considered.
④More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be ________ (process)．
◎完成句子
⑤The company is ________________________(在……过程中) moving to new offices.
⑥Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________________________ (处理声音) differently.
⑦Your application for the position is ________________________ (在进行中).

12.consequence n．结果，后果；重要性
take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of(＝as a result of) 由于
as a consequence＝in consequence(＝as a result)
因此，结果
of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的
The high level of consuming mutton has produced consequences of a higher price.
对羊肉的高消费量产生的结果是价格更高。
The gifted writer reckoned that the loss of his manuscripts would lead to serious consequences.这位天才作家认为，他手稿的丢失将导致严重的后果。
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
◎完成句子
①______________ (由于) his being absent, the manager didn't subscribe to his being promoted.
②The problem of global warming is very serious. ______________________ (因此), sea level has risen a little.
③I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to ____________________________ (承担后果)．
④As far as I'm concerned, your opinion is ________________ (不重要) to her.


►第二版块|重点短语
1．in turn相应地，转而，反过来；轮流
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。
The children called out their names in turn.
孩子们依次自报姓名。
in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./(at) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It will be in Tom's turn to be on duty tomorrow.
明天轮到汤姆值日。
We take turns making/to make dinner.
我们轮流做饭。
It's your turn to clean the blackboard.
轮到你擦黑板了。
[学法点拨]by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。
◎单句语法填空
①We clean the classroom every week ________ turn.
②________ is my turn to clean the room.
③They took turns ________ (look) after their parents.
④It's my turn ________ (deliver) a speech in public.
⑤They took care of their sick father ________ turns.
◎完成句子
⑥Thus they have, ______________________(接着), become the most important animals on the planet.
⑦People try to avoid public transporation delays by using their own cars, and this ________________________(反过来) creates more problems.

2.build up
(1)逐渐增加
Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career.他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。
(2)建立
We built up this business after ten years' struggle.
经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。
(3)开发
It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
我花了十年的时间来开发我的业务，这个几乎要了我的命。
build (oneself) up to sth. 为……作准备
build oneself up 增强体质
build up a fame 建立名声
build up one's health/body 增进健康/增强体质
build...on 把……作为基础
◎写出句中build up的含义
①It takes time and lots of effort to build up trust. But we manage it in the end.____________
②Taking exercise helps us build up our bodies and keep a clear mind.____________
◎单句语法填空
③Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build ________ one's strength, but also develop one's character.
完成句子
④These chemicals in the food supply ________________________ (堆积，增加) in people's bodies over time.
⑤He does weight training to ________________________ (增加) his physical strength.

3.as a result结果，因此
It rained heavily. As a result, we had to put off the sports meeting.
雨下得很大。结果，我们不得不推迟运动会。
as a result of 由于，作为……的结果
result in 导致，造成
result from 起因于
As a result of her excellent performance, she got thunderous applause.
由于她的出色表演，她获得了雷鸣般的掌声。
Hard work results in success.努力终会成功。
＝Success results from hard work.成功来自努力。
◎单句语法填空
①He wasn't able to attend the party as a result ________ his sudden headache.
②The terrible accident resulted ________ a driver's drunk driving.
◎完成句子
③Jenny nearly missed the flight ________________________ (由于) doing too much shopping.
④The flood was very serious. ________________________(结果), two­thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
⑤The terrible accident ______________________________(起因于) his careless driving.

4．give rise to引起；使发生(尤指令人不愉快或意想不到的事)
His speech gave rise to a bitter argument.
他的演讲引起了激烈的争论。
on the rise 在增加；在上涨
rise to one's feet 站立起来
◎完成句子
①These conditions have ____________________________________ (使发生) a lot of crisis.
②Traffic accidents have been ________________________ (在增加) in recent years.
③She ________________________ (站起来) to stare at me.

5.get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
It's time we got rid of all these old toys.
我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
rid...of 使……摆脱或除去
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
be rid of 摆脱
She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs.她在努力摆脱对药品的依赖。
[知识链接]
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
cure sb.of sth. 医好某人的病
◎单句语法填空
①Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world ________ hunger.
◎完成句子
②我们必须想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。
We must try every way to ______________________________________________.
③由于经济原因，车主必须把汽车处理掉，尽管他不情愿。
The owner had to ________________________ for financial reasons, though he didn't want to do that.


►第三版块|典型句式
1．“It is＋过去分词＋that...”结构
[教材原句]It was reported that in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon.据报道，在2011年，大约有3 400万人住在亚马逊。
It is said that... 据说……
It is thought that... 大家认为……
It is believed that... 人们认为……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is proved that... 据证实……
It is reported that the scientists are trying to invent the new medicine for curing cancer.
据报道，科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。
It is said that the meeting will be put off.
据说这次会议将要被推迟。
It is believed that the place will become a paradise if all people live in peace.
人们相信，如果所有的人能和平共处，那个地方就能变成天堂。
[学法点拨]该句型可以转换成下面的两种句型：People say/report/believe/know/think...＋that...
Sb.＋be＋said/reported/believed/known/thought...＋不定式
It is said that/People say that Ken is very good at operating computers.
＝People say that Ken is very good at operating computers.
＝Ken is said to be very good at operating computers.据说肯擅长操作电脑。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①It is believed ________ your son will be admitted into a famous university.
②It is ________ (hope) that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
③In Stephen Hawking's case, ________ was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.
④Carbon dioxide is said ________ (heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
⑤At least one policeman is said ________ (injure) in the accident.
[能力提升]一句多译
人们说，温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。
⑥____________________ greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.(it为形式主语)
⑦________________________ greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.(that引导宾语从句)
⑧Greenhouse gases ______________________ the main cause of global warming.(简单句)

2.wish＋虚拟语气
[教材原句]I wish we could also do something to help.我希望我们也能做一些事情来帮忙。
[句式分析]本句是主从复合句，主句为I wish，后面的部分为其宾语从句。其中could表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种虚拟愿望。其形式如下：

主句表达的愿望
从句中谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的愿望
had＋过去分词
与现在事实相反的愿望
过去式(be通常用were，有时也可用was)
与将来事实相反的愿望
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
I wish I had been at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼的，但那时我在纽约出差。
I wish I were an astronaut travelling in space in a spaceship.我希望我是一名宇航员，乘坐宇宙飞船漫游太空。
I wish that someday I could live on the moon.
我希望有一天我能住在月球上。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.
②How I wish I ________ (sleep) longer this morning, but I had to get up and go to school.
③I wish that we ________ (can) go with my brother when he flies to England next week.
④I wish I ________ (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky!
⑤I wish I ________ (can) help my dad to support the family when I grow up.

3.“be of＋抽象名词”结构(＝be＋该抽象名词的同根形容词)
[教材原句]Protecting animal habitats is of great importance... 保护动物的栖息地是非常重要的……
[归纳拓展]
be of ＝be
This new product is of great use to our daily life. You'd better apply for a patent.(＝This new product is very useful to...)
这款新产品对我们的日常生活很有用。你最好申请专利。
The new version of this dictionary is of greater help to learners.
＝The new version of this dictionary is more helpful to learners.
该词典的新版本对学习者更有帮助。
The new file is of great importance.
＝The new file is very important.
新文件很重要。
[基础练习]完成句子
①This dictionary is ____________________ (非常有用) to middle school students.
②Honestly speaking, this speech ____________________ (极为重要) to the college students who are short of experience of life.
[能力提升]同义句转换
③The task is of great help to the newly appointed superior.
→The task is __________________ the newly appointed superior.
4．with复合结构
[教材原句]With pollution levels on the rise...
随着污染水平的上升……
[句式分析]本句中“with＋n.＋介词短语”为with复合结构，在句中作状语。


She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.
她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。
With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home.
有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。
With the key lost, he had to wait outside the door.由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。
With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the manager felt worried all the time.
②John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
③The day was bright, with a fresh breeze ________ (blow)．
④I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes ________ (fix) on the ceiling.
⑤With all the work ________ (do), I won't have time to go out.
[能力提升]完成句子
⑥这个男孩低着头站在那儿。
The boy stood there ________________________________________________.

5．完全倒装
[教材原句]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident...
今晚和我们一起在演播室的还有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯……
[学法点拨]完全倒装的几种情况：
(1)分词/形容词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be＋主语
当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。
Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。
At the foot of the hill lies a small village.
山脚下有一个小村庄。
(2)表示地点/时间/方向/方位等的副词＋谓语＋主语
当把副词there, here, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now，then放在句首加以强调时，其后常用谓语动词go, come, run, lie，stand等，然后再接主语(名词)构成完全倒装。
Then came the time we had been looking forward to.我们一直盼望的时刻终于到来了。
(3)there＋存在类动词＋主语
there be句型中的be用表示“存在”的动词live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等替代时，构成完全倒装。
There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。
[学法点拨]在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①________ (bury) in the sands was an ancient village.
②East of the city ________ (lie) our beautiful school, in which there are many flowers and trees.
[能力提升]完成句子
③________________________(出席会议的) scientists from all over the world.
④Once upon a time there __________________ (有个名医) known by the name of Hua Tuo.
⑤Look at the little dog! __________________ (它跑过来了)．
⑥At the school gate ______________________(坐着一位老太太), waiting to see her grandson.
⑦年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
Then ________________________ at the end of the year.
⑧中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
There ________________________ in higher education between China and America.


【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．At the start of college life, he missed his previous teachers and classmates in the ________ (级别高的) High School.
2．Nearly one­quarter of the ________(住户) in the harbor earn their living on the water.
3．For those who come to the exhibition, the attraction of China is ________ (完全地) beyond expression.
4．What we are calling for is a flexible ________(经济的) policy.
5．Greatly inspired by the ________(委员会), we are now doing our best to prevent so many birds from disappearing.
6．It is obvious that the old ________(政策) is a barrier to promoting economic growth in the area.
7．It will take a long time for the city to recover from the harm caused by the one­week­long violent ________ (抗议)．
8．Towering town walls were built as a ________(防御) against enemy attacks.
9．The business agreement broke down for the company was not likely to make a ________(利润) on the deal.
10．It will take a week or so for your application to be ________ (处理)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The reason ________ someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.
2．Far ________ charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free.
3．It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere ________ (stay) now.
4．Upon her return home, Alice was filled with joy at the news. ________ was I.
5．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping ________ mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
6．Modern methods of ________ (track) polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s.
7．[2020·江苏卷]Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free.
8．By the time these “solutions” (解决方案) become widely available, scammers ________ (move) onto cleverer means.
9．Like stinky tofu, my uncle's Down syndrome made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned that deep inside, he is ________ (harm) and has a loving nature.
10．The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, ________ whom up to half will be from abroad.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．在过去的三个月里，学生们被提供了大量的课后活动。(a wide variety of, in the last/past...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．政府的这项政策对农业的影响最为显著。(nowhere位于句首的倒装句，agriculture)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．没有更多的浪漫故事浮现在脑海中，年轻的作家有点失望。(romantic, spring to mind)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．警方决心在任何情况下都要追查罪犯。(track down, on any occasion)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．水果是如此方便的维生素和能量的来源，以至于水果是我生活中的必需品。(so引导的倒装句， convenient)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________































必修第三册
Unit 1　Nature in the balance
基础回顾·自主排查区
核心词汇
1．profit　2.senior　3.mass　4.shelter　5.track　6.impact
7．protest　8.damage
阅读词汇
1．大陆，陆地；洲　2.海豚　3.居民，住户　4.一百万；许多，大量　5.小册子　6.鲸　7.营养素，营养物　8.气候；倾向，风气　9.种，物种　10.生物多样性　11.鲨鱼　12.在……下面，在……下方；配不上　13.微生物　14.碳　15.昆虫
拓展词汇
1．appear　2.survival　survivor　3.vary　4.consequent
5．harmful　6.hard　7.extinct　8.apply　9.organize　10.lengthen
高频短语
1．in turn　2.break down　3.breathe life into　4.due to
5．build up　6.想出，想到　7.(公开)要求；需要　8.突然记起(或想到)　9.摆脱，丢弃，扔掉　10.使发生(或存在)
典型句式
1．is more than half the size of China
2．from which the rainforest gets its name
3．is the mass of leaf litter
4．As the impact of human activities continues to grow
5．we could also do something to help
核心考点·互动探究区
第一版块|重点单词
1．①to harm　②drinking　③harmless　④harm her mother　do her mother harm/do harm to her mother
2．①a　②length　③lengthen　④in length　⑤at length
⑥go to great lengths
3．①from　②sheltering　③to shelter　④Under the shelter of
⑤shelter their children from
4．①various　②variety　③in　④with　⑤a 　⑥is
⑦various/a variety of/varieties of
5．①an　②of　③impacts　④impact greatly on　⑤have a marked impact on
6．①had been damaged　②to　③caused　④caused/did some damage to　⑤damage his reputation　⑥destroyed
⑦damage　⑧ruining
7．①application　②applicant　③applied　④application
⑤applicants　application　⑥apply yourself to
8．①on　②tracks　③be tracked　④lost track of　⑤to keep track of
9．①对……有用/好处　②利润，收益　③好处，益处　④获益　⑤from　⑥a
10．①of　②defence　③from/against
11．①a　②to be processed　③in　④processed　⑤in the process of　⑥process sound　⑦in process
12．①As a consequence/result of　②As a consequence/result
③take the consequences　④of little/no consequence
第二版块|重点短语
1．①in　②It　③to look/looking　④to deliver　⑤by　⑥in their turn　⑦in turn
2．①建立　②增强　③up　④build up　⑤build up
3．①of　②from　③as a result of　④As a result
⑤resulted from
4．①given rise to　②on the rise　③rose to her feet
5．①of　②rid our company of these debts　③get rid of the car
第三版块|典型句式
1．①that　②hoped　③it　④to be heating　⑤to have been injured　⑥It is said that　⑦People say that　⑧are said to be
2．①danced　②had slept　③could　④were　⑤could
3．①of great use/greatly useful/very useful　②is of great importance/significance　③very/greatly helpful to
4．①to settle　②finished　③blowing　④fixed　⑤to do
⑥with his head down
5．①Buried　②lies　③Present at the meeting were　④lived a famous doctor　⑤Here it runs　⑥sat an old woman
⑦came the final awards ceremony　⑧exist many differences
跟踪演练·强化提升区
Ⅰ.
1．Senior　2.residents　3.entirely　4.economic　5.committee
6．policy　7.protest　8.defence　9.profit　10.processed
Ⅱ.
1．why　2.from　3.to stay　4.So　5.in　6.tracking
7．which　8.will have moved　9.harmless　10.of
Ⅲ.
1．A wide variety of activities after class have been offered to students in the last/past three months.
2．Nowhere is the effect of this government policy more apparent than in agriculture.
3．With no more romantic stories springing to mind, the young writer was a little disappointed.
4．The police are determined to track down the criminals on any occasion.
5．So convenient a source of vitamins and energy is fruit that I make fruit a must in my life.