2020-2021学年度第一学期高一级英语导学案

【单元标题】Book1 unit5 第4课时Discovering Useful Structures 导学案【单元主题】本单元以“世界上的语言”为主题，通过了解联合国的工作语言、汉字的发展、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别、英语学习中遇到的困难和解决困难的建议等获得文化信息。
【学习目标】
1.理解并运用关系副词when 、where、why引导的定语从句；理解in/for/at which在定语从句中相当于where、why、when
2. 能够运用定语从句描述事物的具体信息
【学前诊断】
1. 复习和测试关系代词的用法。
2. 理解关系副词when 、where、why以及介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
课前预习案和课中探究案
使用说明：课前只完成导学案每部分的自主学习部分，合作探究部分课上师生共同完成。
【学习过程】
Presentation
[课文句子回顾] 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性及指代什么。
1．(教材P62)There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
2．(教材P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3．(教材P64)I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.
4．(教材P64)I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.
5．(教材P68)Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course, and that was the day when I decided to take on a new language.
6．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
[共性呈现]
1．所有画线部分都是关系_________引导的定语从句。
2．关系副词when在定语从句中作_________状语(第5、6句)。
3．关系副词where在定语从句中作__________状语(第2、3句)。
4．关系副词why在定语从句中作____________状语(第1、4句)。
[观察思考1]
1. I still remember the day when I went to the Great Wall with my friends .
我还记得我和朋友去长城的那一天。
I still remember the day which/ that I spent with my friends on the Great Wall.
我还记得我和朋友在长城上度过的那一天。
2. The village where he grew up is not far away from our town.
他长大的村庄离我们的小镇不远。
The village which/ that you visited last week is my father’s hometown.
我们上周参观的村庄是我爸爸的家乡。
3. I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。

[探究总结1]
（1）当先行词为表示时间的名词且定语从句中缺少时间状语时，定语从句用________引导，
但定语从句中缺少_________或________，则改用________或___________引导。
（2）当先行词为表示地点的名词且定语从句中缺少地点状语时，定语从句用________引导，
但定语从句中缺少_________或________，则改用________或___________引导。
（3）当先行词为表示原因的名词reason且定语从句中缺少原因状语时，定语从句用________引导，
但定语从句中缺少_________或________，则改用________或___________引导。
[即学即练1]　对比填空：that, which, when, where, why
(1)I will never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
(2)I will never forget the days ________ we stayed together.
(3)The reason ___________ he explained at the meeting was not sound.
(4)The reason ________ he was late was that he missed his train.
(5)Keep the book in a place ________ you can find it easily.
(6)This is the house ___________ was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
[即学即练2] Practice ： Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
A: What kind of day makes you happy?
B：It's a day when ...
A: What's your favourite place at school?
B: It's ..., because it is a place where ...
A: What kind of teachers do you like best?
B: I like teachers who...
A: Who do you admire most? Why?
B: I admire ... That's the reason why ...
一、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
[课文句子顾] 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分指代什么
1．(教材P62)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved.
2. (教材P62)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.

[观察思考2]
1. Do you remember the day when / on which you joined our debate club?
你记得你加入我们辩论俱乐部的那天吗？
2. This is the company where/ in which we worked last year.
= This is the company which/ that we worked in last year. 这是我们过年工作过的公司。
3. The man with whom you just shook hands was our headmaster.
=The man whom / who you just shook hands with was our headmaster.
刚才跟你握手的男人是我们的校长。
4. This is the reason why /for which he gave up the chance.

[探究总结2]
(1) 关系副词(when、where、why)可以用 “____词+which”替换。其中why=_______+ which(如句4)。
(2) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，修饰事物时关系代词用_________而不用that; (如句1、2、4)；修饰人时可用__________而不用who(如句3)。
(3) 在定语从句中，当关系代词which作介词的宾语时，既可以把介词放在which之前，也可以放在从句的末尾。当介词放在从句的末尾时，关系代词既可以用which也可用that (如句2、3等号后句)。
注意：(1) 有些“动词＋介词”的固定短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开，把介词置于关系代词之前。
Is this the watch which he is looking for? (不能说：Is this the watch for which he is looking？）
这是你要找的手表吗？

[观察思考3]
1. This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
2. This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.
这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。
3. My friend helps me a lot, for which I am grateful to him.
我朋友帮了我很大忙，因此我很感激他。
4. There was a serious car accident nearby yesterday, for which the drunk driver was responsible.
昨天附近发生严重的车祸，这个醉驾司机要负全责。
[探究总结3] “介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以1）依据与__________的搭配，(如句1); 2）与定语从句中谓语________的搭配，(如句2) ；3）与定语从句中的__________的搭配，(如句4) ；4）与前面句子意义来确定(如句3)。

[观察思考4]
1. The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。
2. He has three sons, two of whom are teachers.
他有三个儿子，其中两个是老师。
3. Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.
玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。
[探究总结4] “名词(如句1)/数词(如句2)/代词(如句3)等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
[应用实践]
（1）同义句转换
I will never forget the day when I joined the army.
→ I will never forget the day ________ ________ I joined the army.
Can you tell me the office where he works?
→Can you tell me the office _______ __________ he works?
Nobody knows the reason why he has not turned up.
→Nobody knows the reason ________ _________ he has not turned up.
(2) 一句多译
这就是我们曾经住过的房间。
This is the room ________/________ we once lived in.
This is the room __________ ________ we once lived.
This is the room __________ we once lived.
这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the student ________/ _______/________ I bought a book for.
This is the student ________ _________ I bought a book.

二、注意事项
[观察思考5]
1. You have reached a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。
2 I’ve reached the stage where I just don’t care any more. 我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的地步。
2. We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.我们处于可能会损失大量金钱的境地。
3. There are cases where this rule does not hold well. 在一些情况下，这个规则是不适用的。
4. I ilke the way (that/in which) the teacher gives his lessons.我喜欢这位老师上课的方式。
[探究总结5]
（1）用where 引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点。有一些先行词，如point、stage、position、
case、situation 等，以属于抽象的地点名词，需要用where 引导定语从句。
（2）当先行词是way且在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that, 也可省略。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
(2)My computer, without ________ I can't surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
(3)The girl to ________ you talked just now is our English teacher.
(4) I have about 10 books, half of ________ were written by Mo Yan.
[课后演练1] 单句语法填空
1．The reason _____________ she changed her mind is quite clear.
2．The days ________ they travelled together meant a lot to him.
3．I saw a house, the windows of ________ were broken.
4．She has two sons, both of ________ graduated from Harvard University.
5．Nobody knows the reason for ________ she didn't attend the meeting.
6．We went through a period ________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
7．The children, all of ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
8．We visited the car factory ________ my uncle once worked three years ago.
9．This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
10．The old man has two sons, and both of ________ are lawyers.
[课后演练2]补全句子
1．The reason _____________________________ was that he was ill in bed.
他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2．We are living in an age ______________________________ on computer.
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
3．After graduation he returned to the small town ______________________.
毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。
4．I don't like the way __________________________________.
我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
[课后演练3] (P64)

【自我评价(self-evaluation)】 Think about this passage learning and complete the form.

Things I can do
Evaluation
I can concentrate on the lesson
5
4
3
2
1
I can think actively
5
4
3
2
1
I can understand the grammar rules in this unit.
5
4
3
2
1
I can analyze sentences by what is learned in this period.
5
4
3
2
1
I still need more practice .
YES
NO