【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）2023年新高考I卷完形填空（真题透析+变式训练）试卷

这是一份【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）2023年新高考I卷完形填空（真题透析+变式训练）试卷，共23页。试卷主要包含了背景常识， 词语复现， 词语同现，ashamed adj，discuraged adj，big deal n，meet n，display n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年新高考I卷完形填空（真题透析+变式训练）
第一部分
命题分析+秒选技能
第二部分
真题评析(真题呈现+全解全析+阅读高频词+长难句回顾)
第三部分
真题变式练
命题分析
完形填空选材特点：完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，在思想上和行动上树立了积极的榜样，并且注重五育并举，尤其关注体育、美育和劳动教育
设题特点：完形填空设空考查点分为三个层次，即：
(1)句内层次题：空格的答案由空格所在句子决定
(2)句组层次题：空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定
(3)语篇层次题：空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定
练好基本功：多读、多记，加大输入量，强化词汇和词块的积累，及其在有关主题的灵活运用。以语篇为载体，形成语篇意识，从量变到质变
培养“两”感：多想、多悟，培养良好的词(块)感和语篇感
做题策略：读的时候头脑清醒，遇易则稳，遇难可绕，学会暂时放弃，眼光放远一点，便会有柳暗花明之时，找到做题的线索
核心素养：结合三大主题语境，多阅读弘扬正能量的语篇，多积累有关英语国家的社会文化、风土人情、人文史实等，来提高语篇梳理能力
秒选技能
1.背景常识
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
2. 词语复现（原词复现/同/近义词复现/同源词复现/上下义复现）
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
3. 词语同现
同现原则即相关联信息在文章中的呼应。同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时或连续出现在同一语篇中。
名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：school——primary school——middle school——college——university；students——pupils——graduates——postgraduates。
动词同现：与一个话题或一个动词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：school——teach——learn——attend——find——drop out——graduate——be dismissed。
结构同现：结构同现指一些短语成对或依次出现在文章中。如：some…；others…；on the one hand…，on the other hand…；former…；latter；so…that…；not only…but also…；hardly/scarcely…when…；no sooner…than…；be about to do/be doing/had done/be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way…when…等。
4逻辑关系（因果、转折、对比、递进、让步）
★解题方略
逻辑关系是指转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系、总结关系等，与语法密切相关。
逻辑关系一般隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。利用逻辑关系，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而选出正确选项。
完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文给出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索就是上下文乃至全文的逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系主要有：并列与递进关系（and、while、also、in addition、moreover、likewise、similarly、what’s more等）、转折关系（but、however、whereas、nevertheless、on the contrary、instead of等）、顺序关系（before、after、then、finally等）、让步关系（although/though、despite、even if/though等）、因果关系（so、thus、for、therefore、due to、as a result等）、解释关系（i.e.、that is to day、in other words等）、条件关系（if、unless、provided that、in case of等）、肯定与否定关系（certainly、never等）。这些逻辑关系往往隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中，并常常借助于连词、副词或介词短语等表达逻辑衔接手段的词来实现。因此，通过分析完形填空短文中的逻辑关系，我们可以找出确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测初恋，从而在选项中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的答案。
5习惯搭配
固定搭配包括固定词组搭配和语法题两种， 随着“突出语篇”的命题原则， 这类题目越来越少。
真题呈现
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2023年全国新高考I卷）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
41．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
42．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
43．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
44．A．race B．school C．town D．training
45．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
46．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
47．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
48．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
49．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
50．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
51．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
52．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
53．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
54．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
55．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
全解全析
【篇章解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
41．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
42．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____41____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
43．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
44．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
45．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
46．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
47．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
48．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
49．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
50．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
51．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
52．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
53．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
54．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
55．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
阅读高频词
1.course n. [热词生义]赛道；
2.assess v.[学术词]评定，评价；
3.identify[课标新增词]确认，认出，识别：
4.ashamed adj.[派生词]羞耻的，惭愧的；
5.discouraged adj. [分词形容词]泄气的，失去信心的；
6.big deal n.[口语]重要的/令人激动的事情或情况；
7.meet n.[熟词生义]体育比赛，运动会；
8.display n.[熟词生义][课标新增词](特性、情感或能力的)显示，表露
9.struggle with /against 与……作斗争；
10.make it to 到达……;
11.step aside 靠边站，让位；
12.bend down/over 弯下腰
长难句回顾
1.As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
【句意】据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。As引导定语从句，when 引导时间状语从句。
2. Neither won the race, but the display of human kindness won the day.
【句意】虽然两人都没有赢得比赛，但是展现出的人性之善最终获得胜利。
【解析】本句是but引导的并列句。
真题变式练
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Passage 1
（2023春·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中）It was midnight, and I was on my knees, burying head in my hands. I struggled to 1 the sobs that threatened to wake my two tiny children. The call came just hours ago—I got the job. After five interviews and three presentations, I received a generous 2 , one that needed my answer by tomorrow.
To others, the decision was 3 —live the dream, with its security. But to me, taking the job would 4 compromise my heart.
Exhausted, I rose to my feet, and made my way upstairs to check on my children, finding each curled up in a 5 sleep. I heard their breathing, soft and even I became one with the moment. And in that breathtaking silence, I heard a voice: 6 your heart. The words echoed through my soul.
The decision, indeed, was simple. I would 7 somebody else's dream job and keep my own. I felt a great 8 lift off my shoulders. I pursued my options for working for myself. I started to write and edit, 9 pages of scripts. I stretched myself and discovered that I could learn anything if I 10 some time to it.
To be sure, I lost a number of business opportunities. But I was available to 11 the simple moments with my children. On sunny days, we'd 12 to the zoo with my backpack of work projects. Each night, when I tucked my kids into bed, my 13 was full. Over time, as my kids grew, my business did, too.
Now I have no regrets. I am 14 for the life that I have, a cherished closeness with my now adult children and a variety of fulfilling, passion-filled work. I'm glad I trusted my inner 15 .
1．A．put out B．jump at C．turn down D．hold back
2．A．card B．offer C．letter D．essay
3．A．simple B．smart C．casual D．cautious
4．A．carefully B．nervously C．critically D．eventually
5．A．light B．sound C．fresh D．hard
6．A．relax B．follow C．rescue D．inspire
7．A．decline B．change C．respect D．accept
8．A．honour B．backpack C．weight D．project
9．A．publishing B．preserving C．exploring D．accumulating
10．A．devoted B．connected C．limited D．donated
11．A．imagine B．report C．embrace D．adjust
12．A．adapt B．refer C．turn D．head
13．A．heart B．room C．mood D．book
14．A．anxious B．grateful C．ready D．famous
15．A．design B．hope C．worry D．voice
【篇章解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位母亲开始听从了内心的呼唤，拒绝了他人的工作邀约，为自己工作，从而获得了丰富的人生。
1．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我挣扎着忍住差点吵醒我两个年幼的孩子哭声。A. put out扑灭；B. jump at欣然接受；C. turn down拒绝；D. hold back忍住。根据后文的“that threatened to wake my two tiny children”以及后文“The call came just hours ago—I got the job.”(电话是几小时前打来的，我得到了这份工作。)可知，作者忍住泪水激动的泪水，为了不惊醒孩子。故选D。
2．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在五次面试和三次演讲之后，我收到了一份慷慨的工作邀请，需要我在明天之前给出答复。A. card卡片；B. offer工作邀约；C. letter信件；D. essay文章。根据前文的“I got the job. After five interviews and three presentations.”可知，作者得到的是一份工作邀请。故选B。
3．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他人来说，这个决定很简单——用它的安全感来实践梦想。但对我来说，接受这份工作将绝对地是我的内心饱受煎熬。A. simple简单的；B. smart聪明的；C. casual随意的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据后文中“But to me, taking the job would　　4　　 compromise my heart.”可知，与设空处构成转折关系，所以这份工作对于其他人来说是实践梦想的机会，决定很简单就可以做出。故选A。
4．【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. carefully小心地；B. nervously紧张地；C. critically重要地，绝对地；D. eventually最终地。通过“But to me”可知，设空处去原文是转折关系，前文使用的是simple，表明对其他人来说做出这个决定很简单，但是接受这份工作对我来说绝对的让我的内心深处饱受煎熬。故选C。
5．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我精疲力竭地站起来，上楼去看我的孩子们，发现他们都蜷成一团睡得很香。A. light轻的；B. sound健全的，酣畅的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. hard艰难的。根据后文中“I heard their breathing, soft”可知，孩子们睡的很香。故选B。
6．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那令人窒息的寂静中，我听到了一个声音：跟随你的心。这句话在我的灵魂中回响。A. relax放松；B. follow跟随；C. rescue挽救；D. inspire激发。根据后文“I would 　　7　　 somebody else's dream job and keep my own.”可知，作者婉拒他人工作的邀请，选择为自己而工作。故倾听到一个声音是作者要跟随自己的内心。故选B。
7．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会拒绝别人的梦想的工作，而保留自己的。A. decline婉拒；B. change改变；C. respect尊敬；D. accept接受。根据下文的“keep my own”以及“I pursued my options for working for myself.”可知，作者为自己而工作，故婉拒了别人的工作邀请。故选A。
8．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到肩上的重担卸下来了。A. honor荣耀；B. backpack后背包；C. weight重担，重量；D. project项目。根据前文的“I would 　　7　　 somebody else's dream job.”可知，作者婉拒别人的邀请，即卸下了身上的重担，选择为自己工作。故选C。
9．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始写稿子、编辑稿子，断的积累稿件。A. publishing出版；B. preserving保留；C. exploring探索；D. accumulating积累，攒。根据空前的“started to write and edit”可知，设空处应该选择与上述两个动作并列的动词，表示作者写稿子、编辑稿件，从而来不断的积累稿件。故选D。
10．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我伸展身体，并且发现只要我投入一些时间，我就能学到任何东西。A. devoted投入，致力于；B. connected联系；C. limited限制；D. donated捐赠。根据前文的“I could learn anything.”可知，作者能够学会任何东西的条件是作者投入时间去做这件事。故选A。
11．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我可以和我的孩子们一起享受简单的时光。A. imagine想象；B. report报告；C. embrace拥抱，获得；D. adjust调整。根据下文的“On sunny days, we'd 　　12　　 to the zoo with my backpack of work projects.”(在阳光明媚的日子里，我们会背着工作项目的背包去动物园。)可知，作者辞去了这份工作，可以和孩子们一同去动物园换欢乐的玩耍，即能够享受和孩子们在一起的时光，embrace引申为“获得，拥有”。故选C。
12．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在阳光明媚的日子里，我们会背着工作项目的背包去动物园。A. adapt适应；B. refer涉及；C. turn转向；D. head朝向，奔向。根据后面的zoo，可知作者是带着孩子们一起去动物园玩耍，故选D。
13．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上，当我把孩子们哄上床睡觉时，我的心都是满足的。A. heart内心；B. room房间；C. mood情绪；D. book书籍。根据前文的“But I was available to 　　11　　the simple moments with my children.”可知，作者可以和我的孩子们一起享受简单的时光，所以内心是满足的。故选A。
14．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我不后悔了。我感激我所拥有的生活，珍惜与现在已成年的孩子们的亲密关系，以及各种充实而充满激情的工作。A. anxious焦虑的；B. grateful感激的；C. ready准备的；D. famous出名的。根据下文的“a cherished closeness with my now adult children and a variety of fulfilling, passion-filled work”可知作者是感激当前所用的生活，才会让她有如此多的收获。故选B。
15．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我相信了自己内心的声音。A. design设计；B. hope希望；C. worry担心；D. voice声音。根据前文的“I heard a voice:　　6　　your heart. The words echoed through my soul.”可知，作者听从了内心的呼唤：跟随内心，从而获得现在的丰富人生。设空处与前文呼应，故选D。
Passage 2
（2023春·河北石家庄·高三石家庄二中校考阶段练习）The new, “used” car that I bought just three months ago wouldn't start the other day. The factory battery that 16 along with it decided that it had worked long enough and 17 to take an early, permanent retirement. My 18 neighbor gave me a jump but the battery stubbornly wouldn't 19 the charge. After getting one more jump, I 20 to the local auto parts store to buy a new one. Installing (安装) it was much more 21 than we thought, however, so I took it to a local mechanic who finally got the new battery in and the car 22 once again.
Driving it this morning, though, I 23 that the time and date on the screen in the dashboard (仪表盘) had 24 gone back to nine years ago, resetting to the 25 date of the first time it was started. While my son smartly figured out how to 26 it back to today I thought about all the times I had wished I could go back in time and undo some of the 27 and missteps I had taken in my own life.
Yes, many of my choices brought me 28 in the past, but they have also brought me wisdom for the present. When you 29 your own life, don't regret the roads not taken Instead, be 30 with the path you are on, the things you have learned, and the love you have shared.
16．A．came B．waited C．left D．raced
17．A．planned B．refused C．chose D．managed
18．A．easy-going B．kind-hearted C．hard-working D．good-tempered
19．A．lead B．take C．offer D．hold
20．A．welcomed B．headed C．returned D．got
21．A．complex B．vital C．efficient D．accurate
22．A．switching B．jumping C．running D．shaking
23．A．guessed B．remembered C．expected D．noticed
24．A．suddenly B．slightly C．casually D．secretly
25．A．final B．original C．special D．temporary
26．A．bring B．program C．call D．drive
27．A．attempts B．effects C．mistakes D．changes
28．A．damage B．pain C．peace D．convenience
29．A．look at B．come out of C．focus on D．take control of
30．A．faced B．patient C．strict D．pleased
【篇章导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者的车在装了新电池后，仪表盘上屏幕上的时间和日期突然回到了九年前，这让作者感悟到许多选择在过去带来了痛苦，但它们也带来了现在的智慧。当你审视自己的人生时，不要后悔没有走的路。相反，要为你所走的道路感到高兴，为你所学到的东西感到高兴，为你所分享的爱感到高兴。
16．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它自带的工厂电池认为它已经工作了足够长的时间，选择提前永久退休。A. came来到；B. waited等待；C. left离开；D. raced比赛。根据后文“along with it”可知电池是汽车自带的，come along with表示“和……一起来，随同”。故选A。
17．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它自带的工厂电池认为它已经工作了足够长的时间，选择提前永久退休。A. planned计划；B. refused拒绝；C. chose选择；D. managed管理。根据后文“to take an early, permanent retirement”可知指电池选择提前永久退休，choose to do sth.“选择做某事”。故选C。
18．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好心的邻居帮我启动了一次，但电池还是无法充电。A. easy-going随和的；B. kind-hearted好心的；C. hard-working努力工作的；D. good-tempered脾气好的。根据后文“neighbor gave me a jump”邻居帮助作者启动车子，可见很好心。故选B。
19．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：好心的邻居帮我启动了一次，但电池还是无法充电。A. lead带领；B. take带走；C. offer提议；D. hold保持。根据上文“but the battery stubbornly wouldn't”可知电池还是充不上电，故选D。
20．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：又启动了一次之后，我去了当地的汽车配件商店买了一个新的。A. welcomed欢迎；B. headed前往；C. returned返回；D. got得到。根据后文“to the local auto parts store to buy a new one”可知作者去当地的汽车配件商店买新电池。故选B。
21．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，安装它比我们想象的要复杂得多，所以我把它带到当地的一个机械师那里，他终于装上了新电池，车子又开动了。A. complex复杂的；B. vital重要的；C. efficient效率高的；D. accurate准确的。根据后文“I took it to a local mechanic who finally got the new battery in”可知作者求助于机械师，推测安装电池比较复杂。故选A。
22．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，安装它比我们想象的要复杂得多，所以我把它带到当地的一个机械师那里，他终于装上了新电池，车子又开动了。A. switching转换；B. jumping跳跃；C. running运转；D. shaking摇晃。根据“once again”可知车子终于发动起来了。故选C。
23．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，今天早上开着它，我注意到仪表盘上屏幕上的时间和日期突然回到了九年前，重新设置为它第一次启动的原始日期。A. guessed猜测；B. remembered记得；C. expected期待；D. noticed注意到。根据后文“that the time and date on the screen in the dashboard had”指作者注意到仪表盘上的时间日期不对，故选D。
24．【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，今天早上开着它，我注意到仪表盘上屏幕上的时间和日期突然回到了九年前，重新设置为它第一次启动的原始日期。A. suddenly突然；B. slightly些微地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“gone back to nine years ago”可知仪表盘上屏幕上的时间和日期突然回到了九年前，故选A。
25．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，今天早上开着它，我注意到仪表盘上屏幕上的时间和日期突然回到了九年前，重新设置为它第一次启动的原始日期。A. final最终的；B. original原来的；C. special特别的；D. temporary临时的。根据后文“date of the first time it was started”可知车子的时间日期回到了第一次启动的原始日期。故选B。
26．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子聪明地找到了如何让它设置回今天的方法时，我却在想，我曾经多么希望能够回到过去，弥补我在自己生活中犯下的一些错误和失误。A. bring带来；B. program设置；C. call打电话；D. drive驾驶。根据后文“it back to today”指把仪表盘上的时间日期设置回今天，故选B。
27．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子聪明地找到了如何让它设置回今天的方法时，我却在想，我曾经多么希望能够回到过去，弥补我在自己生活中犯下的一些错误和失误。A. attempts尝试；B. effects影响；C. mistakes错误；D. changes改变。根据后文“and missteps I had taken in my own life”可知指过去犯下的错误和失误。故选C。
28．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：是的，我的许多选择在过去给我带来了痛苦，但它们也给我带来了现在的智慧。A. damage破坏；B. pain痛苦；C. peace和平；D. convenience方便。根据后文“but they have also brought me wisdom for the present”中but表示转折，说明过去的选择带来的是痛苦，如今带来了智慧。故选B。
29．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你审视自己的人生时，不要后悔没有选择的路。A. look at看着；B. come out of产生；C. focus on集中于；D. take control of控制。根据后文“your own life, don't regret the roads not taken”指审视人生，应用look at。故选A。
30．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，要为你所走的道路感到高兴，为你所学到的东西感到高兴，为你所分享的爱感到高兴。A. faced面对；B. patient耐心的；C. strict严格的；D. pleased高兴的。上文提到不要后悔选择的路，即相反，要为你所走的道路感到高兴，为你所学到的东西感到高兴，为你所分享的爱感到高兴。故选D。
Passage 3
（2023春·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习）The Maranhão region of northern Brazil is my ancestral home. For centuries, we have 31 our natural world there, looking after the Amazon rainforest. Our 32 help us sustain the environment, and in return nature 33 us: trees give us food and medicine.
But today, our environment is being destroyed for capitalist (资本家) 34 and gain. Around us is illegal 35 and mining. In 2012, we found 72 illegal entry points in our territory which needed 36 . We founded the Guardians of the Forest. We local people took matters into our own hands to 37 our land. For me, there was no question I would be part of this 38 .
When we see an illegal camp or 39 a new incursion (入侵), we Guardians have an 40 in dealing with them. Our knowledge of the forest runs far deeper than theirs. Our networks coordinate (协同动作), study the area, and prepare to 41 . We agree on tactics(战术), then 42 the camps, and destroy their huts and equipment. We take their trucks apart, and burn their tractors. They are left with no choice but to go 43
Our resistance is 44 . Today there are only five illegal entry points into our land. This 45 extends beyond our territory’s borders – it’s about our grandchildren having a chance at a future.
31．A．escaped B．promoted C．explored D．preserved
32．A．traditions B．blessings C．possessions D．warnings
33．A．turns against B．provides for C．relies on D．submits to
34．A．charity B．mercy C．greed D．duty
35．A．logging B．advertising C．spying D．shipping
36．A．exposing B．closing C．confirming D．reserving
37．A．farm B．develop C．rent D．protect
38．A．liberation B．tolerance C．resistance D．construction
39．A．oppose B．identify C．visualize D．launch
40．A．option B．excuse C．impression D．advantage
41．A．act B．stay C．leave D．wait
42．A．sell B．empty C．surround D．repair
43．A．hiking B．packing C．boating D．sightseeing
44．A．working B．beginning C．ending D．withdrawing
45．A．investment B．arrangement C．negotiation D．struggle
【篇章解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和当地人成立组织，对抗非法入侵者，保护森林环境的故事。
31．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，我们一直在那里保护着我们的自然世界，照顾着亚马逊雨林。A. escaped逃走；B. promoted促进；C. explored探索；D. preserved保藏。根据后文“our natural world there, looking after the Amazon rainforest”可知，指保护自然世界，照顾着亚马逊雨林。故选D。
32．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的传统帮助我们维持环境，作为回报，大自然为我们提供了树木给我们食物和药物。A. traditions传统；B. blessings祝福；C. possessions财产；D. warnings警告。结合上文可知他们生活在那里保护自然世界，传统帮助他们维持环境，故选A。
33．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的传统帮助我们维持环境，作为回报，大自然为我们提供了树木给我们食物和药物。A. turns against背叛；B. provides for提供；C. relies on依赖；D. submits to提交。根据后文“trees give us food and medicine”指大自然提供了树木给他们食物，故选B。
34．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是今天，我们的环境正在被资本主义的贪婪和利益所破坏。A. charity慈善；B. mercy同情；C. greed贪婪；D. duty义务。根据后文“and gain”指环境正在被资本主义的贪婪和利益所破坏。故选C。
35．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们周围到处都是非法伐木和采矿。A. logging伐木；B. advertising打广告；C. spying监视；D. shipping运输。根据后文“and mining”指周围都是非法伐木和采矿。故选A。
36．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2012年，我们在我国境内发现了72个需要关闭的非法入境点。A. exposing揭露；B. closing关闭；C. confirming确定；D. reserving保留。根据上文“72 illegal entry points”可知，非法入境点需要关闭，故选B。
37．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们当地人自己动手保护我们的土地。A. farm耕种；B. develop发展；C. rent租用；D. protect保护。根据上文“We founded the Guardians of the Forest.(我们成立了森林守护者)”可知，他们动手保护自己的土地。故选D。
38．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，毫无疑问我会成为这场抵抗的一部分。A. liberation解放；B. tolerance容忍；C. resistance抵制；D. construction建造。结合上文可知他们成立组织来对抗那些非法入侵的人，作者也会成为这场抵抗的一部分。后文“Our resistance”也是提示。故选C。
39．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们看到一个非法营地或发现一个新的入侵时，我们守护者在处理他们时有优势。A. oppose反对；B. identify识别，发现；C. visualize想象；D. launch启动。根据上文“When we see an illegal camp or”指发现一个新的入侵，故选B。
40．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们看到一个非法营地或发现一个新的入侵时，我们守护者在处理他们时有优势。A. option选择；B. excuse借口；C. impression印象；D. advantage优点。根据后文“Our knowledge of the forest runs far deeper than theirs.(我们对森林的了解比他们深得多)”可知，守护者在处理他们时有优势。故选D。
41．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的网络协调，研究区域，并准备采取行动。A. act行动；B. stay停留；C. leave离开；D. wait等待。根据后文“We agree on tactics(战术),”可知，他们准备好了采取行动。故选A。
42．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在战术上达成一致，然后包围营地，摧毁他们的小屋和设备。A. sell出售；B. empty清空；C. surround围绕；D. repair修理。根据后文“and destroy their huts and equipment”可知，要先包围营地，然后摧毁他们的小屋和设备。故选C。
43．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们别无选择，只能去收拾行李。A. hiking远足；B. packing打包；C. boating划船；D. sightseeing观光。根据上文“We take their trucks apart, and burn their tractors. They are left with no choice but to go(我们拆了他们的卡车，烧了他们的拖拉机。他们别无选择，只能离开)”可知，入侵者别无选择，只能去收拾行李离开。故选B。
44．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的抵抗起作用了。A. working工作；B. beginning开始；C. ending结束；D. withdrawing撤回。根据后文“Today there are only five illegal entry points into our land.(今天，只有五个非法入境点进入我们的土地)”可知，抵抗运动起作用了。故选A。
45．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场斗争超越了我们的领土边界——它关系到我们的孙辈是否有机会拥有未来。A. investment投资；B. arrangement安排；C. negotiation协商；D. struggle挣扎，斗争。根据前文“Our resistance ”以及后文“it’s about our grandchildren having a chance at a future”以及上文可知，此处指上文对抗非法入侵的斗争，故选D。
Passage 4
（2023春·山东潍坊·高三统考阶段练习）As a boy, John Kerr wanted to be a park ranger (护林员). 46 , he spent four decades at a public broadcasting’s station in Boston. He 47 at the age of 65 without any particular post-career goal in mind.
After several lazy weeks, he drove to visit his family by Yellowstone. On the way he 48 stopped at the Yellowstone Park Foundation, which raised funds for the national park. As it happened, the foundation was 49 people to educate park guests on wolves. Kerr 50 for an internship (实习).
To say that Kerr stood out in the intern crowd is a massive 51 . Most interns were college and even high school students. But, in a sense, he had been 52 for this since his youth. His outdoor adventures with his grandfather had given him a love of 53 , and he once volunteered at the local fire department on 54 calls.
From his internship, he 55 a ranger sooner, educating park visitors, making for safe 56 between guests and animals, and responding to medical emergencies. He 57 his job of what he describes as one in the most beautiful places, and moments when he treats a visitor to an 58 look at one of the park’s wolves or bears through his telescope, an 59 that can move visitors to tears.
“These are 60 and all-too-rare moments,” recalls Kerr. “I never forget them.”
46．A．Instead B．Anyhow C．Still D．Hence
47．A．retired B．departed C．graduated D．resigned
48．A．at random B．on purpose C．on time D．by chance
49．A．helping B．requiring C．training D．hiring
50．A．signed up B．moved on C．hang out D．broke in
51．A．honour B．understatement C．relief D．overstatement
52．A．delighted B．determined C．contented D．prepared
53．A．travel B．nature C．drive D．freedom
54．A．business B．guidance C．emergency D．conference
55．A．turned to B．went with C．moved up to D．kept up with
56．A．encounters B．places C．trips D．experiences
57．A．judges B．treasures C．admires D．changes
58．A．open B．anxious C．up-close D．all-round
59．A．effort B．occasion C．imagination D．adventure
60．A．rich B．natural C．urgent D．easy
【篇章解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了65岁的Kerr在退休后，一次偶然的机会，遇到公园招聘实习生，他报名参加，并最终当上了护林员，在作护林员的过程中，收货许多丰富而又难得的时刻。
46．【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他在波士顿的一家公共广播电台工作了40年。A. Instead相反；B. Anyhow无论如何；C. Still还；D. Hence因此。根据前文“John Kerr wanted to be a park ranger”以及后文“he spent four decades at a public broadcasting’s station in Boston.”可知两句间是转折关系，应用Instead。故选A项。
47．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在65岁时退休，心中没有任何特别的职业生涯后的目标。A. retired退休；B. departed离职；C. graduated毕业；D. resigned辞职。根据后文“at the age of 65”根据常识知，在这个年龄应该是退休了。故选A项。
48．【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在路上，他偶然在黄石公园基金会前停了下来，该基金会为国家公园筹集资金。A. at random随便地；B. on purpose故意地；C.  on time准时；D. by chance偶然。根据前文“After several lazy weeks, he drove to visit his family by Yellowstone.”可知，他开车去去黄石公园是去看望家人的，所以在黄石公园基金会前停了下来是偶然的。故选D项。
49．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧，该基金会正在雇人教育公园的游客有关狼的知识。A. helping帮助；B. requiring需要；C. training培训；D. hiring雇用。根据后文“Kerr 　　　　50　　　　 for an internship.”可知，Kerr想实习，所以是在雇佣人做事。故选D项。
50．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Kerr报名参加了实习。A. signed up报名（参加课程）；B.  moved on向前走；C. hang out闲逛；D. broke in闯入。根据后文“To say that Kerr stood out in the intern crowd is a massive 　　　　51　　　　.”可知，Kerr在实习人群中，所以他是报名参加了实习。故选A项。
51．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：说Kerr在实习生群体中脱颖而出是一个非常保守的说法。A. honour荣誉；B. understatement保守的说法；C. relief救济；D. overstatement夸张。根据后文“Most interns were college and even high school students.”可知，他的同事都是年轻人，而Kerr已经65岁了，所以说Kerr在实习生群体中脱颖而出是一个非常保守的说法，是一种夸张修辞手法。故选B项。
52．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，从某种意义上说，他年轻时就已经为此做好了准备。A. delighted高兴的；B. determined决心；C. contented知足的；D. prepared准备好。根据后文“His outdoor adventures with his grandfather had given him a love of 　　　　53　　　　, and he once volunteered at the local fire department on 　　　　54　　　　 calls.”可知，Kerr年轻时和祖父去户外冒险，曾经在当地消防部门做过志愿服务，所以是做为护林工作好了准备。故选D项。
53．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险让他爱上了大自然，他还曾在当地消防部门担任紧急呼叫志愿者。A. travel长途行走；B. nature自然；C. drive驾驶；D. freedom自由。根据前文“His outdoor adventures with his grandfather”可知，和祖父的户外冒险，根据常识，应该是让他爱上大自然。故选B项。
54．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险让他爱上了大自然，他还曾在当地消防部门担任紧急呼叫志愿者。A. business商业；B. guidance指导；C. emergency紧急情况；D. conference会议。根据前文的“local fire department”结合常识可推知，消防部门应该是紧急呼叫。故选C项。
55．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：实习结束后，他很快晋升为护林员，为公园游客提供教育，确保游客与动物之间的安全接触，并应对医疗紧急情况。A. turned to求助于；B. went with与…一起存在；C. moved up to升级到……；D. kept up with跟上。根据前文“From his internship”以及后文“a ranger”可知，Kerr从实习生晋升为护林员。故选C项。
56．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：实习结束后，他很快晋升为护林员，为公园游客提供教育，确保游客与动物之间的安全接触，并应对医疗紧急情况。A. encounters相遇；B. places位置；C. trips旅行；D. experiences经验。根据前文“educating park visitors”以及后文“between guests and animals”结合常识可知，护林员的工作就是教育游客，确保游客与动物之间的安全接触。故选A项。
57．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很珍惜自己的工作，他形容自己是在最美丽的地方工作，当他让游客通过望远镜近距离观察公园里的狼或熊时，这种时刻会让游客感动得流下眼泪。A. judges判断；B. treasures珍视；C. admires钦佩；D. changes改变。根据后文“what he describes as one in the most beautiful places”可知，Kerr认为自己是在最美丽的地方工作，所以是珍惜自己的工作。故选B项。
58．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很珍惜自己的工作，他形容自己是在最美丽的地方工作，当他让游客通过望远镜近距离观察公园里的狼或熊时，这种时刻会让游客感动得流下眼泪。A. open开放的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. up-close近距离的；D.  all-round全面的。根据后文“look at one of the park’s wolves or bears through his telescope”可知，通过望远镜，应该是近距离观察公园里的狼或熊。故选C项。
59．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很珍惜自己的工作，他形容自己是在最美丽的地方工作，当他让游客通过望远镜近距离观察公园里的狼或熊时，这种时刻会让游客感动得流下眼泪。A. effort努力；B. occasion场合；C. imagination想象力；D. adventure冒险。根据后文“can move visitors to tears”分析句意可知，空处代指的是前句提到的游客通过望远镜近距离观察公园里的狼或熊这件事，应该用B项“occasion场合”代指。故选B项。
60．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科尔回忆道:“这些都是丰富而又难得的时刻。”。A. rich丰富的；B. natural自然的；C. urgent紧急的；D. easy容易的。根据前文内容可知，Kerr当上护林员后，要教育游客，让他们安全和动物接触，让游客近距离看到动物，游客会感动的流泪，所以工作内容是丰富的。故选A项。
Passage 5
（2023春·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）Old Joe and his son Tony were on their way to catch fish. Old Joe drove the car and Tony 61 in the back seat. As he drove slowly along the empty road in the early 62 , he looked down at his hands. Not long ago he had worked hard with those hands, but now, they did not do much. Suddenly, he 63 something in the middle of the road. He stopped the car 64 .
“What’s wrong?” Tony shot up in the back seat and asked in a sleepy voice.
Old Joe turned on the high beams (远光灯) and said, “It’s one of those 65 fish-killing turtles.”
Tony opened his eyes wide and saw a strange thing. Suddenly it moved a little and left sharp marks in the dirt. Then it 66 .
“These turtles kill fish. Let me 67 him,” Tony said.
“You are not going to kill it,” Joe said.
“Why not?” Tony asked. “Turtles kill our fish! The 68 fish they eat, the less we can catch.”
“Poor old thing,” old Joe said. “In the water you could cut down your enemies with those sharp claws (爪子). But here you are as 69 as a baby.”
“Dad, you talk like a tired old woman!” Tony said impatiently. “All right! You 70 .”
“It would be different in the water, wouldn’t it, turtle?” old joe 71 his son and continued. “Only I can understand how you feel. It must be 72 to have no hope.”
Old Joe walked behind the turtle and 73 pushed the turtle to the side of the road. As old Joe waited until it 74 into the tall grass, Tony 75 the car and stood beside his father. The two men looked at each other in the bright morning sun.
61．A．shook B．played C．slept D．jumped
62．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．night
63．A．missed B．cut C．lost D．spotted
64．A．slowly B．violently C．casually D．gradually
65．A．blind B．dead C．lovely D．fierce
66．A．escaped B．screamed C．stopped D．laughed
67．A．catch B．save C．hug D．kill
68．A．more B．fresher C．tastier D．cheaper
69．A．strong B．unlucky C．helpless D．healthy
70．A．leave B．agree C．insist D．win
71．A．punished B．ignored C．praised D．found
72．A．terrible B．nice C．impossible D．happy
73．A．gently B．impatiently C．angrily D．excitedly
74．A．fell B．disappeared C．turned D．slid
75．A．pulled off B．looked up at C．got out of D．stepped into
【篇章解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对父子在去钓鱼的路上遇到一只身陷困境的乌龟，儿子想杀了这只会杀死鱼的乌龟，父亲却对这只乌龟感同身受，阻止了儿子的想法，并帮助乌龟脱困。
61．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老乔开车，托尼睡在后座上。A. shook摇晃；B. played玩耍；C. slept睡觉；D. jumped跳。根据下文“Tony shot up in the back seat and asked in a sleepy voice.”可推知，此处指托尼在后座上睡觉。故选C。
62．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：清晨，当他在空旷的路上慢慢地开车时，他低头看着自己的手。A. morning早上；B. afternoon下午；C. evening晚上；D. night夜间。根据下文“The two men looked at each other in the bright morning sun”可知，最后父子两人在明亮的晨光中对视，所以此处指在清晨。故选A。
63．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，他发现路中间有什么东西。A. missed错过；B. cut切断；C. lost迷路；D. spotted发现。根据下文“something in the middle of the road”和“He stopped the car”可推知，老乔应该是发现了中间有什么东西，所以才停车。故选D。
64．【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他猛地把车停下。A. slowly慢慢地；B. violently猛烈地；C. casually随意地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“Tony shot up in the back seat”可推知，老乔停车的动作很猛烈。故选B。
65．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老乔打开远光灯说：“这是一只凶猛的杀鱼乌龟。”A. blind看不见的；B. dead死的；C. lovely可爱的；D. fierce凶猛的。根据下文“fish-killing turtles”和乌龟的移动可推知，此处应该用fierce“凶猛的”形容这只杀鱼的乌龟。故选D。
66．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后它停下了。A. escaped逃脱；B. screamed尖叫；C. stopped停止；D. laughed大笑。根据下文“pushed the turtle to the side of the road”可知，后来老乔把乌龟推到路边去了，所以此处指乌龟停下了。故选C。
67．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我杀了他。A. catch捕获；B. save拯救；C. hug拥抱；D. kill杀死。根据下文“You are not going to kill it”可知，老乔阻止托尼去杀死乌龟，所以此处指杀了他。故选D。
68．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们吃的鱼越多，我们能捕到的就越少。A. more更多的；B. fresher更新鲜的；C. tastier更美味的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“the less we can catch”和常识可推知，乌龟吃的鱼越多，他们能捕到的鱼就越少。故选A。
69．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在这里，你却像个婴儿一样无助。A. strong强大的；B. unlucky倒霉的；C. helpless无助的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“In the water you could cut down your enemies with those sharp claws”和“But”可知，此处和上文形成转折，上文描述了乌龟在水中的强大，此处描述在陆地上乌龟像婴儿一样无助。故选C。
70．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你赢了。A. leave离开；B. agree同意；C. insist坚持；D. win赢。根据上文“All right!”可知，托尼妥协了，所以此处指老乔赢了。故选D。
71．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“在水里就不一样了，是不是，乌龟？”老乔忽略他的儿子，继续说。A. punished惩罚；B. ignored忽略；C. praised称赞；D. found发现。根据上文“It would be different in the water, wouldn’t it, turtle?”可知，老乔还是和乌龟说话，所以应该是忽视了托尼。故选B。
72．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有希望一定很可怕。A. terrible可怕的；B. nice不错的；C. impossible不可能的；D. happy快乐的。根据下文“to have no hope”可推知，此处指没有希望很可怕。故选A。
73．【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：老乔走在乌龟后面，轻轻地把乌龟推到路边。A. gently轻轻地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. angrily愤怒地；D. excitedly兴奋地。根据上文老乔停车，阻止托尼杀死乌龟，对着乌龟说话可知，老乔很同情这只乌龟，所以应该是轻轻地把乌龟推到路边。故选A。
74．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老乔一直等到它消失在高高的草丛中，托尼下了车，站在他父亲身边。A. fell跌倒；B. disappeared消失；C. turned转身；D. slid滑落。根据上文乌龟在路上艰难地移动，老乔帮它移动到路边，并结合下文“into the tall grass”可推知，此处应该指乌龟慢慢消失在高高的草丛中。故选B。
75．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：老乔一直等到它消失在高高的草丛中，托尼下了车，站在他父亲身边。A. pulled off拉下；B. looked up at抬头看；C. got out of从……出来；D. stepped into走进。根据下文“stood beside his father”可知，托尼站在了老乔旁边，所以此处指他从车子里出来。故选C。
Passage 6
（2023春·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）I’m now the chef and owner of a restaurant. Nothing in my early years led me to 76 my life would connect to food and cooking deeply. My family did eat together often; we had a 77 that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends, but food was hardly the 78 of my family’s story. After I entered college, I was still 79 about what I wanted to do. I was “supposed” to 80 my family, getting a degree in medicine at graduate school or something similar.
When accepting the job assisting cooks after finishing college, I just 81 to pay my rent. That didn’t 82 any big life plans. However, as I worked longer, the food world showed me amazing 83 .
Too little salt, and a dish is 84 to be “tasteless”. A bit lemon juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches from turning brown and 85 their appealing colors. The lesson that small things matter reminds me to never 86 tiny stuff in all parts of life. Also, working with food teaches me to really taste, smell and touch. I learn to observe my 87 , watching ways birds land, the growth of trees along roads... and 88 wonders in everyday life. 89 , I head down my own path, which is 90 from going to medical school as my parents did, but gives my life purpose and direction.
76．A．wonder B．expect C．doubt D．admit
77．A．suggestion B．pleasure C．tradition D．desire
78．A．center B．trouble C．witness D．secret
79．A．careless B．restless C．unconcerned D．unclear
80．A．leave B．company C．follow D．help
81．A．happened B．intended C．managed D．promised
82．A．inspire B．affect C．replace D．prevent
83．A．opportunity B．wisdom C．memories D．skills
84．A．easy B．fit C．true D．bound
85．A．preserve B．hide C．restore D．change
86．A．worry B．judge C．miss D．ignore
87．A．decisions B．improvements C．surroundings D．differences
88．A．keep away B．show up C．bring about D．come across
89．A．Even so B．Above all C．Therefore D．Anyway
90．A．free B．absent C．distinct D．separate
【篇章解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了食物和烹饪的智慧以及烹饪对作者的影响。
76．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我早年的生活中，没有什么能让我想到我的生活会与食物和烹饪紧密相连。A. wonder想知道；B. expect预料；C. doubt怀疑；D. admit承认。根据后文“I was “supposed” to follow my family, getting a degree in medicine at graduate school or something similar.”可知，作者从没想过会与食物和烹饪结缘。故选B。
77．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常在一起吃饭；我们家有一个传统，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是我们家故事的中心。A. suggestion建议；B. pleasure高兴；C. tradition传统，惯例；D. desire欲望。根据本句中同位语从句“that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends”可知，这是作者家的传统。故选C。
78．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常在一起吃饭；我们家有一个传统，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是我们家故事的中心。A. center中心；B. trouble麻烦；C. witness目击者；D. secret秘密。根据前文“we had a tradition that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends”以及空前的“but”可知，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是我们家故事的中心，前后形成对照关系。故选A。
79．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进入大学后，我仍然不清楚自己想做什么。A. careless粗心的；B. restless不安宁的，烦躁的；C. unconcerned不关心的；D. unclear不确定的，不清楚的。根据后文“I was “supposed” to follow my family, getting a degree in medicine at graduate school or something similar.”可知，作者对自己想做什么很迷茫。故选D。
80．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我“应该”跟随我的家庭，在研究生院获得医学学位或类似的东西。A. leave离开；B. company陪伴；C. follow跟随；D. help帮助。根据本句“getting a degree in medicine at graduate school or something similar”可知，作者迷茫之际，或许应该跟随家人的脚步。故选C。
81．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大学毕业后接受助理厨师的工作时，我只是想支付我的房租。A. happened碰巧，恰好；B. intended计划，打算；C. managed设法做到；D. promised承诺。根据本句“accepting the job assisting cooks”以及空后宾语“to pay my rent”可知，接受助理厨师的工作仅是想要支付房租。故选B。
82．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并没有让我有什么远大的人生计划。A. inspire激励，导致；B. affect影响；C. replace代替；D. prevent阻止。根据后文“However, as I worked longer, the food world showed me amazing wisdom.”可知，前后转折。故选A。
83．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 然而，随着我工作时间的延长，食品世界向我展示了惊人的智慧。A. opportunity机会；B. wisdom智慧；C. memories记忆；D. skills技能。根据后文“The lesson that small things matter reminds me to never ignore tiny stuff in all parts of life.”可知，食品让作者感悟到了人生智慧。故选B。
84．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盐太少，一道菜必然会“无味”。A. easy容易的；B. fit健康的；C. true真正的；D. bound肯定会，很有可能。根据本句“Too little salt”以及常识可知，盐少了，菜一定是无味的。故选D。
85．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一点柠檬汁有助于防止切开的苹果和桃子变黄，保持它们诱人的颜色。A. preserve保持；B. hide掩盖，遮挡；C. restore恢复；D. change改变。根据主语“A bit lemon juice”以及宾语“their appealing colors”可知，一点柠檬汁可以保持保持它们诱人的颜色。故选A。
86．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“小事很重要”的教训提醒我永远不要忽视生活中方方面面的小事。A. worry担心；B. judge判断；C. miss想念；D. ignore忽略。根据本句“small things matter”可知，小事很重要，不要忽视小事。故选D。
87．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. decisions决定；B. improvements改善，提高；C. surroundings环境；D. differences不同。根据本句“watching ways birds land, the growth of trees along roads...and come across wonders in everyday life”可知，这些都是周围的环境。故选C。
88．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. keep away远离；B. show up显现出来；C. bring about导致，引起；D. come across偶然遇见。根据宾语“wonders”可知，应为“偶遇”。故选D。
89．【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走自己的路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向 。A. Even so即使如此；B. Above all最重要的是；C. Therefore因此；D. Anyway无论怎样。根据前文“Also, working with food teaches me to really taste, smell and touch.”以及后文“I head down my own path, which is distinct from going to medical school as my parents did, but gives my life purpose and direction.”可知，作者在讲述自己从事厨师职业的两个感悟。照应“Also”引导的第一个感悟，此处应为第二个感悟，为递进关系。故选B。
90．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走自己的路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. free自由的；B. absent缺少的；C. distinct明显不同的；D. separate分离的。根据前文“I’m now the chef and owner of a restaurant.”可知，作者是一名厨师，和父母上医学院明显不同。故选C。