2022-2023学年吉林省通化市辉南县第六中学高二下学期第一次半月考英语试卷含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年吉林省通化市辉南县第六中学高二下学期第一次半月考英语试卷含答案，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

辉南县第六中学2022-2023学年高二下学期第一次半月考英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Tivoli Gardens amusement park in Copenhagen, Denmark, is a must for all visitors to the city, young and old. Tivoli is located just a few minutesˈ walk from City Hall, and with the Copenhagen Central Station as its nearest neighbor, it is very easy to get to.
Tivoli Gardens was founded in 1843 and has become a national treasure and an international attraction. Tivoli Gardensˈ secret is that there is something for everyone. The scenery is beautiful with unusual architecture, historic buildings and beautiful gardens. At night, thousands of colored lights create a fairy tale atmosphere that is completely unique.
⮚ Rides
The rides are all designed to match Tivoliˈs architecture and gardens. Some rides will remind you of the good old days. Others will match the expectations of those thrill seekers, e.g. the Vertigo which will turn you upside down at 100 km/h and was voted Europeˈs Best Ride in 2014.
Tivoliˈs oldest and most popular ride, the wooden Roller Coaster from 1914, is one of only seven roller coasters worldwide which have a brakeman on board every train.
In 2017, Tivoli got a new VR (virtual reality) experience in the Demon, where the rollercoaster passengers are brought on a journey through a Chinese universe with fire-spitting dragons and exploding fireworks.
⮚ Music
The music program in Tivoli has exciting events to offer every year regardless of your age or preferences. Besides major events such as Friday Rock and Summer Classical, thereˈs live music every single day. Tivoliˈs Summer Classical offers excellent classical music. Theyˈll serve up everything from James Bond music to Mozart and operetta.
⮚ Dining
When it comes to food, Tivoli is equally diverse. Lots of people will bring a picnic to the garden, but you can also choose from Tivoliˈs broad selection of restaurants. Youˈll find everything from traditional Danish cuisine to French bistro or Asian food.
⮚ Opening hours
13/10/2017 - 05/11/2017
Monday - Thursday, Sunday
11:00 - 23:00
13/10/2017 - 05/11/2017
Friday, Saturday
11:00 - 00:00
18/11/2017 - 31/12/2017
Monday - Thursday, Sunday
11:00 - 23:00
18/11/2017 - 31/12/2017
Friday, Saturday
11:00 - 00:00
⮚ Admission
Adult
Copenhagen Card
Multi-ride ticket
Child (3-7)
120 DKK
Free
230 DKK
50 DKK
1、What is the main reason for the popularity of Tivoli Gardens amusement park?
A. It is convenient to reach. B. It has beautiful gardens.
C. It enjoys a long history. D. It suits everyone.
2、Which of the following can best describe the rides in the park?
A. Smooth and relaxing. B. Historical and exciting.
C. Traditional and amusing. D. Imaginative and entertaining.
3、What do we know about Tivoli Gardens amusement park?
A. The admission is free for children.
B. Outside food is not allowed in the park.
C. The opening hours are different in a week.
D. The music performances are for big events.
Australia is proud of a unique history that has been shaped by the diversity of her inhabitants. The three main elements that have been central to the creation of Australia's population composition are the diversity of her native population, colonization by the British in the past and the extensive immigration from diverse cultures.
Australia is home to the world's cultures and inhabitants who can identify with more than 270 ancestries (祖先). From the year 1945, the number of people who have immigrated to Australia from different parts of the globe is approximately seven million. The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.
In 1975, there was the racial discrimination (歧视) act, which meant that discrimination in the country was against the law. Later in 1995, the act was extended to ensure that any acts of racial hatred (仇恨) were against the law. To date, the act has been used in ensuring that Australia sends a strong message on the collective commitment to promoting racial equality and the significance of fairness for all.
On a range of measures, Australia is a multicultural success story. On educational attainment, studies show that children of immigrants in Australia get better average results than children of native-born Australians. This is significant because according to research conducted by the OECD, the successful integration of immigrant students is an important indicator of a country's success in its education system and equity and broader socially combinative policies.
The success in educational performance is mirrored in the broader economy of Australia as it attracts a significant proportion of skilled migrants annually who have a high labour market participation rate. In the year between 2016-2017, skilled migrants accounted for 67.3 percent of the total immigration program outcome that year. The net effect of a multiculturalism policy for Australia has been a brain gain for Australia and this is expected to continue growing.
4、What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The history of Australia.
B. The customs of Australia.
C. The character of Australians.
D. The population structure of Australia.
5、What does the underlined word "embodies" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Maintains. B. Represents. C. Assesses. D. Predicts.
6、From which can we see Australia's success in education?
A. The higher educational standards.
B. The better overall grades of students.
C. The increasing number of immigrant children.
D. The better performance of immigrant children.
7、In which aspect does educational success benefit Australia?
A. Bringing in more skilled migrants.
B. Reforming the immigration policy.
C. Developing immigration programs.
D. Making a booming labour market.
Water, or rather the lack of it, is one of the most pressing issues of our times. Given that agriculture is the largest single user of fresh water, providing farmers with new conservation techniques will go a long way. It turns out that a "miracle" powder called Solid Rain has been helping farmers do exactly that for over a decade!
Farmers can simply mix the powder with the soil, plant the crops as they normally would, and add water. Solid Rain absorbs the liquid and keeps it under the plants, creating an underground water "lake" for the plants' roots to use when needed. As a result, farmers do not have to water crops as often.
A season-long study showed that farmers using the powder were able to increase their crop yields by an average of 300 percent. Solid Rain also once received the 2013 "Ecology and Environment Award" from Mexico's Fundación Miguel Alemán, A. C.
So why isn't Solid Rain a household name? First of all, though the product has been around for over a decade, the company did a poor job at marketing it and instead relied on farmers to help spread the word. Also, Solid Rain was not approved for sale in the United States until just a few years ago. As a result, many US farmers have either not heard of it or not yet felt the need for a water-saving product.
The reason for the lower demand than expected could also be due to the fact that not all experts are sold on the idea. Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott, a professor at Washington State University, says that there is no scientific proof that Solid Rain restores water or that it remains in the ground for up to a decade. She also worries that the product could have side effects. The expert says that when the gel (凝胶) dries out, it aggressively absorbs all surrounding water and even drains plant roots.
The company says while Solid Rain began as a way to aid drought-stricken farmers, it can be used even when water is not a concern. Their new goal is to "save water for future generations, one drop at a time in everyday life".
8、What can we know about Solid Rain from paragraph 2?
A. It can store rainwater. B. It can be turned into water.
C. It should be placed on the soil. D. It is similar to water in appearance.
9、How did the company advertise Solid Rain?
A. By placing a TV advertisement. B. By doing experiments in public.
C. By giving away Solid Rain for free. D. By depending on users' strength.
10、What is Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott's worry about Solid Rain?
A. It may make the ground solid. B. It may pollute the groundwater.
C. It may do harm to the plants. D. It may release harmful gases.
11、What does the company plan to do next?
A. Use Solid Rain to change the climate.
B. Apply Solid Rain in daily life to save water.
C. Develop other products similar to Solid Rain.
D. Begin using Solid Rain to help farmers.
Once upon a time, science fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction, and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. It's difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or "serious" fiction that doesn't involve science.
And it's not just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. It's clear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role that science plays in our lives.
Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on people's real lives, but on their imaginative ones.
Writers began to describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.
But sci-fiction reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization—that of men from Mars.
The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with "little green men from Mars" and other themes of past sci-fiction.
Given that science, technology and politics are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels—like American Cory Doctorow's Little Brother (2008)—are concerned with government and security service "conspiracies (阴谋)" against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a "skeptical (怀疑的)" feel.
This underlines one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.
As then, so now: We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise.
12、According to the first paragraph, we know that ______.
A. science fiction used to take the leadership in literature
B. horror story and literary fiction have initiated science fiction
C. modern fiction reflects the influence of science fiction
D. science fiction is the dominant literature style at present time
13、What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century?
A. The curiosity of young readers about the future.
B. The changes that the industrial revolution brought about.
C. People's stretched imagination affected by their real life.
D. People's fears about science rather than hopes.
14、According to the passage, what do we know about the early science fiction? 
A. It aroused people's curiosity of science on daily life.
B. It intensified people's worries about the social problems.
C. It promoted people's understanding of the true value of science.
D. It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people.
15、Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Despite the content, the theme of science fiction remains the same.
B. The fear of outer space attack has long been a worry among people of times.
C. The appearance of science fiction has caused misunderstanding among people.
D. Science fiction is weakening government power implemented on people.
二、七选五
16、It is said that farmers or peasants, especially those in developing countries, are often criticized for cutting down forests. But a new study suggests that many farmers recognize the value of keeping trees.
Researchers using satellite images found at least ten percent trees cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland. ①______ Earlier estimates were much lower but incomplete. The authors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent worldwide.
The study found the most trees cover in South America. ②______ North Africa and West Asia have the least.
The study found that climate conditions alone could not explain the amount of trees cover in different areas. ③______ There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or government policies can influence tree planting and protection.
Dennis Garrity heads the World Agroforestry Center. ④______ The problem, he says, is that policy makers and planners have been slow to recognize this and to support such efforts.
The satellite images may not show what the farmers are using the trees for, but trees provide nuts, fruit, wood and other products. ⑤______ Even under drought (干旱) conditions, trees can often provide food and a way to earn money until the next growing season.
Some trees act as natural fertilizers. They take nitrogen (氮气) out of the air and put it in the soil. Scientists at the Center say the use of fertilizer trees can reduce the need for chemical nitrogen by up to three-fourths. Trees also capture carbon dioxide, a gas linked to climate change.
A. Nor could the size of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together.
B. He says farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees.
C. Almost all of it is covered by trees.
D. They also help prevent soil loss and protect water supplies.
E. He devotes most of his time to making people realize its importance.
F. That is nearly half of the farmland in the world.
G. Next comes Africa south of the Sahara, followed by Southeast Asia.
三、完形填空（15空）
Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appeared. There are now about 360 1 of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely.
Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, 2 for food and for their fins. Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong 3 . Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. Sharks are easily harmed by overfishing because it 4 most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring.
5 by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters. This is far from the 6 . Every year, a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwide and kill about 25. Most 7 are by great white sharks, which often feed on sea lions and other marine mammals. They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal prey, 8 if they are wearing black wet suits.
If you are a typical ocean-goer, your 9 of being killed by an unprovoked（无缘无故的）attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more 10 to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car.
Sharks help 11 human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to 12 cancer, bacteria, and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system 13 wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research. Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost 14 get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human 15 . Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals.
17、A. species B. classes C. groups D. names
18、A. greatly B. popularly C. widely D. mostly
19、A. supermarkets B. restaurants C. offices D. companies
20、A. spends B. takes C. costs D. uses
21、A. Impressed B. Moved C. Changed D. Influenced
22、A. story B. truth C. movie D. problem
23、A. injuries B. deaths C. attacks D. causes
24、A. specially B. especially C. mainly D. usually
25、A. chances B. fears C. lives D. percentages
26、A. likely B. frequent C. possible D. lucky
27、A. avoid B. save C. keep D. prevent
28、A. damage B. destroy C. fight D. ruin
29、A. advises B. allows C. forces D. forbids
30、A. never B. seldom C. often D. usually
31、A. analysis B. research C. study D. health
四、短文填空
32、Trade and curiosity have often formed the ①_______(found) of mankind's greatest achievements. The people of early civilisations had a strong passion ②_______ completing the great map of the world.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome. A trading route across the sea ③_______ (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean too. Here, ④_______ (merchant) from China and many other places met ⑤_______ (negotiate) trade deals. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
To reach out across the sea ⑥_______ (remain) a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes ⑦_______ (travel) by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, ⑧_______ is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the ⑨_______ (history) Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China ⑩_______ the rest of the world.
33、完成句子
校英语报正在以“Iconic Attractions in Beijing”为主题进行征文，请你写一篇短文介绍北京的标志性景点之一——王府井大街。
①________(坐落在北京市中心), Wangfujing Street extends for a total length of more than 1, 800 meters. As the most flourishing business quarter in Beijing, it ②________ (是这个城市最著名的标志性景点之一). Wangfujing Street can ③________ (追溯到) 1260s. At that time, it was just a nameless village, ④________ (有少数人住在那儿).
In the Ming Dynasty, ten prince palaces were built on the street and ⑤________ (商业开始在那儿出现). From then on, it was renamed Shiwangfu Street. In the Qing Dynasty, it got a new name — Wangfu Street. ⑥________ (至于现在的名字王府井大街), it came from a well on the street. To mark the well, people added "jing" to the previous name "Wangfu".
⑦________ (沿着这条街漫步), people will feel very pleasant with the neat and considerate design of the facilities. ⑧________ (如果你想要购物), you do not need to travel from one shopping center to another, for ⑨________ (有各种各样的) stores and supermarkets; if you get tired, it would be a good idea ⑩________ (在街边设立的座位上好好休息一下).
五、书面表达
34、书写
Some students believe the sea has been seriously polluted because of human activities, which puts some marine animals in danger of extinction. Others hold the idea that sea exploration should be continued because it can not only help us have a better understanding of the planet we live on but also meet our increasing need for natural resources.
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参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：事实细节题。根据第二段中的 "Tivoli Gardens' secret is that there is something for everyone." 可知蒂沃利公园蒂沃利公园出名的主要原因在于它适合所有人游玩。选择D。
2、答案：B
解析：事实细节题。根据第四段中的 "Tivoli's oldest and most popular ride, the wooden Roller Coaster from 1914, is one of the only seven roller coasters worldwide which have a brakeman on board every train." 可知蒂沃利公园的过山车非常具有时代感，可以追溯到1914年，悲切是非常惊险的刺激。选择B。
3、答案：C
解析：事实细节题。根据 "Opening hours" 部分可知一周中 "Monday～Thursday, Sunday" 和 "Friday, Saturday" 开放的时间是不一样的。选择C。
4、答案：D
解析：第一段介绍了澳大利亚以其居民的多样性所塑造的独特历史而自豪。澳大利亚人口构成的三个主要因素是其本土人口的多样性、过去英国人的殖民化以及来自不同文化的广泛移民。由此可知，本段主要介绍了澳大利亚的人口结构。故选D。
5、答案：B
解析：根据画线词所在句The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.（这个国家把丰富的文化多样性作为它的主要力量，体现了它的民族认同。）可知，这个国家认为丰富的文化多样性是其主要优势，文化多样性体现了民族认同。所以画线词意为“体现”，和Represents意思相近，故选B。
6、答案：D
解析：根据第四段中On educational attainment, studies show that children of immigrants in Australia get better average results than children of native-born Australians. This is significant because according to research conducted by the OECD, the successful integration of immigrant students is an important indicator of a country's success in its education system and equity and broader socially combinative policies.（在教育成就方面，有研究表明，澳大利亚移民子女的平均成绩要优于澳大利亚本土出生的子女。这很重要，因为根据经合组织的研究，移民学生的成功融入是一个国家在教育体系和公平以及更广泛的社会联合政策方面取得成功的重要指标。）可知，澳大利亚在教育上的成功体现在移民孩子的学习成绩比本土孩子好。故选D。
7、答案：A
解析：根据最后一段The success in educational performance is mirrored in the broader economy of Australia as it attracts a significant proportion of skilled migrants annually who have a high labour market participation rate.可知，澳大利亚在教育上的成功吸引了很多有技能的移民。故选A。
8、答案：A
解析：根据第二段中的Solid Rain absorbs the liquid and keeps it under the plants, creating an underground water "lake" for the plants' roots to use when needed.（雨水吸收这些液体，并将其保存在植物下面，形成一个地下水“湖”，供植物的根部在需要时使用。）可知，Solid Rain可以吸收水，供植物利用。故选A。
9、答案：D
解析：根据第四段中的instead relied on farmers to help spread the word（而是依靠农民来帮助推销）可知，公司只是靠农民对产品的口口相传的模式来推销产品。故选D。
10、答案：C
解析：根据第五段中的She also worries that the product could have side effects. The expert says that when the gel (凝胶) dries out, it aggressively absorbs all surrounding water and even drains plant roots.（她还担心这种产品可能会有副作用。专家说，当凝胶干的时候，它积极地吸收周围的所有水分，甚至消耗植物根系。）可知，Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott担心Solid Rain有副作用，它变干后会过度地吸收周围的水，甚至会吸干植物的根，故选C。
11、答案：B
解析：根据最后一段中的Their new goal is to "save water for future generations, one drop at a time in everyday life"（他们的新目标是“为子孙后代节约用水，每天节约一滴水”。）可知，公司计划把Solid Rain推广到日常生活中帮助人们节约用水。故选B。
12、答案：C
解析：根据文章第一段中的But today science themes dominate these other styles. It's difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or "serious" fiction that doesn't involve science.（但今天，科学主题主导了其他风格。很难想象有多少现代犯罪、恐怖或“严肃”小说不涉及科学。）可知，现代小说受到了科幻小说的影响。故选C。
13、答案：B
解析：根据文章第三段中的Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose.（尽管一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到古代，但更合理的说法是科幻小说最早出现在19世纪，那时工业社会刚刚兴起。）和All of these changes had great effects not only on people's real lives, but on their imaginative ones.（所有这些变化不仅对人们的现实生活产生了巨大影响，而且对他们想象中的生活也产生了巨大影响。）可知，工业革命带来的变化导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选B。
14、答案：D
解析：根据文章第五段内容（但科幻小说反映的更多的是对科学的恐惧，而不是希望。这些典型的早期科幻小说可能是一部英国小说，如H. G. Wells的《世界大战》（1897）。Wells以高超的技巧，通过想象地球受到来自火星的人类文明的威胁，演绎了人们对科技的恐惧。）可知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种想象中的担心和恐惧气氛。故选D。
15、答案：A
解析：根据文章第六段内容（今天的科幻小说表达了计算机革命、机器人和我们面临的环境挑战的影响，而对“来自火星的小绿人”和过去科幻小说的其他主题关注较少。）可推断，尽管不同时期的科幻小说内容不同，但主题还是一样的。故选A。
16、答案：①-⑤FGABD
解析：一项新的研究表明，许多农民认识到保护树木的价值。
①根据前一句Researchers using satellite images found at least ten percent trees cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland.可知，研究人员利用卫星图像发现，超过10亿公顷的农田至少有10%的森林覆盖。和后一句Earlier estimates were much lower but incomplete. The authors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent worldwide.早期的估计要低得多，但并不完整。这项新研究的作者说，它可能仍然低估了世界范围内的真实程度。可知，这里要表达农田的整体森林覆盖率比早期的估计要高。分析选项，F项That is nearly half of the farmland in the world.（这几乎是世界上一半的农田）符合语境，且选项中的farmland与前一句中的farmland相呼应，故选F。
②根据前一句The study found the most trees cover in South America.以及后一句North Africa and West Asia have the least.可知，南美洲的树木最多，北非和西亚是最少的，那么中间句说的是树木面积的排名，G项Next comes Africa south of the Sahara, followed by Southeast Asia.（接下来是撒哈拉以南的非洲，其次是东南亚）符合要求，故选G。
③根据前一句The study found that climate conditions alone could not explain the amount of trees cover in different areas.研究发现，仅凭气候条件无法解释不同地区的树木覆盖率。和后一句There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people.有些地区树木稀少，但人也少，有些地区树木很多，但人也很多。分析选项，A项Nor could the size of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together.“附近的人口规模也不能（解释不同地区的树木覆盖率），这意味着人与树木可以共存。”符合语境，与上文形成递进关系，同时引出下文，故选A。
④根据上文The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or government policies can influence tree planting and protection.研究结果表明，诸如土地权、市场或政府政策等都会影响到植树和保护。和设空处下一句The problem, he says, is that policy makers and planners have been slow to recognize this and to support such efforts.他说，问题是决策者和规划者迟迟没有认识到这一点，也没有支持这些努力。分析选项，B项He says farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees.“他说，农民们正在采取自己的行动来保护和种植树木。”符合语境，与上下文一起表达出决策者和规划者没有认识到政府政策等对保护树木的重要性，也没有支持农民们自发的保护树木的努力。且选项中的farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees和下文中的such efforts呼应。故选B。
⑤根据上一句The satellite images may not show what the farmers are using the trees for, but trees provide nuts, fruit, wood and other products.卫星图像可能无法显示农民正在使用这些树做什么，但树木提供坚果、水果、木材和其他产品。和下一句Even under drought (干旱) conditions, trees can often provide food and a way to earn money until the next growing season.即使在干旱条件下，树木也能提供食物和赚钱的途径，直到下一个生长季节。分析选项，D项They also help prevent soil loss and protect water supplies.“它们还有助于防止土壤流失和保护水供应。”符合语境，与上下文内容紧密相连，都在介绍树木的作用和价值，故选D。
17、答案：A
解析：考查名词辨析。 A. species种类；B. classes班级；C. groups 组；D. names名字。现在大约有360种鲨鱼。故选A项。
18、答案：D
解析：考查副词辨析。A. greatly非常地；B. popularly流行地；C. widely广泛地；D. mostly大多数。主要用于食品和它们的鳍。故选D项。
19、答案：B
解析：考查名词辨析。A. supermarkets超市；B. restaurants饭店；C. offices办公室；D. companies公司。在好的香港饭店里卖50美元一碗。故选B项。
20、答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。A. spends花费；B. takes需要；C. costs 花费；D. uses使用。因为大多数物种需要10到15年开始再生。故选B项。
21、答案：D
解析：考查动词辨析。A. Impressed印象深刻；B. Moved感动；C. Changed改变；D. Influenced影响。受到电影和流行小说的影响。故选D项。
22、答案：B
解析：考查名词辨析。A. story故事；B. truth事实；C. movie电影；D. problem问题。这并非是事实。故选B项。
23、答案：C
解析：考查动词辨析。A. injuries受伤；B. deaths死；C. attacks袭击；D. causes引起。大多数袭击是由大白鲨引起的。故选C项。
24、答案：B
解析：考查副词辨析。A. specially专门地；B. especially尤其；C. mainly主要地；D. usually通常地。尤其，如果他们穿着黑色的潜水服。故选B项。
25、答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。A. chances改变；B. fears生活；C. lives生活；D. percentages百分率。你无缘无故的受到鲨鱼袭击的百分率大约是亿分之一。故选D项。
26、答案：A
解析：考查形容词辨析。A. likely可能的；B. frequent频繁的；C. possible 可能的；D. lucky幸运的。短语be likely to有可能。你更有可能被一只猪杀死而不是鲨鱼。故选A项。
27、答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。A. avoid避免；B. save节省；C. keep 保存；D. prevent阻止。鲨鱼帮助节省人类的生活。故选B项。
28、答案：C
解析：考查动词辨析。A. damage损害；B. destroy摧毁；C. fight 战斗；D. ruin毁坏。他们正帮助我们学会怎么战胜癌症。故选C项。
29、答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。A. advises建议；B. allows允许；C. forces被迫；D. forbids禁止。他们高效的免疫系统让伤口更快地愈合。故选B项。
30、答案：A
解析：考查副词辨析。A. never从不；B. seldom很少；C. often常常；D. usually通常。鲨鱼是世界上少数从不得癌症和白内障的动物。故选A项。
31、答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。A. analysis分析；B. research研究；C. study学习；D. health健康。理解为什么能帮助我们改善人类的健康。故选D项。
32、答案：①foundation②for③was extended④merchants⑤to negotiate⑥remains⑦travelled⑧which⑨historic⑩and
解析：①分析句子可知，根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词形式。提示词的名词形式为foundation，意为“基础”，可数名词；结合of mankind's greatest achievements可知，此处特指“人类最伟大成就的基础”，因此应为名词单数形式。故填foundation。
②固定短语have a passion for sth.意为“对某事有热情”。故填for。
③句意：一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸。此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语A trading route和extend之间是动宾关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语A trading route为单数形式，故填was extended。
④分析句子可知，空处缺主语，应用名词或代词。根据提示词可知，merchant意为“商人”，作名词时为可数名词，且空前没有限定词，故用名词复数形式。故填merchants。
⑤分析句子可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to negotiate。
⑥句意：今天，我们仍然有跨越大洋的强烈愿望。根据句中的today可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为动词不定式结构，故谓语应用单数第三人称形式。故填remains。
⑦分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词；逻辑主语The ancient sea routes和动词travel之间是动宾关系，故用动词的-ed形式作后置定语。故填travelled。
⑧句意：作为“一带一路”倡议的一部分，21世纪海上丝绸之路正在重新审视郑和的古代海上路线。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此应由which引导从句。故用which。
⑨分析句子可知，设空处应是形容词作定语，修饰名词Silk Road areas；提示词的形容词形式为historic意为“历史上著名（或重要）的”，故填historic。
⑩固定搭配between...and...表示“在……和……中间”。故填and。
33、答案：①Located at the center of Beijing
②is one of the most famous iconic attractions in the city
③date back to
④with a handful of people living there
⑤business began to appear there
⑥As for the current name Wangfujing Street
⑦Wandering along this street
⑧If you want to do shopping
⑨there are all kinds of
⑩to take a good rest on the seats set on the street
解析：①动词locate“坐落于”；固定短语at the center of“在……中心”；分析句子可知，逻辑主语Wangfujing Street和动词locate之间是被动关系，应用动词的-ed形式作状语。句首首字母大写。故填Located at the center of Beijing。
②固定短语one of the+形容词的最高级+名词复数，意为“最……之一”；形容词famous“著名的”和形容词iconic“标志性的”做定语修饰名词；可数名词attraction“建筑物”；in the city“在这个城市”。主语为it，谓语动词用三单形式。故填is one of the most famous iconic attractions in the city。
③分析句子及空前的can可知，设空处应为动词原形。固定短语date back to，意为“追溯到”。故填date back to。
④根据中文提示，固定短语a handful of“少量的”，动词live“住”；地点副词there“那里”。分析句子，此处是with的复合结构，动词live和逻辑主语a handful of people之间是主动关系，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填with a handful of people living there。
⑤根据中文提示，名词business“商业”；固定短语begin to do sth.“开始做某事”，不定式作宾语；动词appear“出现”；地点副词there“在那里”。根据时间状语In the Ming Dynasty，可知，用一般过去时。故填business began to appear there。
⑥固定短语as for“至于”；形容词current“目前的”作定语修饰名词name“名字”。句首首字母大写。故填As for the current name Wangfujing Street。
⑦动词wander“漫步“，介词along“沿着”；分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词，动词wander和逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，应用动词的-ing形式。句首首字母大写。故填Wandering along this street。
⑧根据中文提示，连词if“如果”引导条件状语从句；固定短语want to do sth.“想要做某事”不定式作宾语；固定短语do shopping“购物”；if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现，从句使用一般现在时。句首首字母大写。故填If you want to do shopping。
⑨固定短语all kinds of“各种各样的”；there be句型表示“某地存在某物”；分析句子可知，此处描述的是现在情况，用一般现在时，且there be句型遵循“就近原则”。故填there are all kinds of。
⑩固定短语take a good rest“好好休息一下”，on the seat“在座位上”，set seat“设立座位”，on the street“在街上”。分析句子可知，it是逻辑主语，真正主语应是动词不定式，故take用不定式；根据常识可知，街边座位不止一个，seat用名词复数形式；动词set和逻辑主语seats之间是被动关系，用动词的-ed形式作定语。故填to take a good rest on the seats set on the street。
34、答案：略
解析：