2022-2023学年上海市闵行区高一下学期期末模拟英语试卷含答案

  上海市闵行区2022-2023学年高一年级第二学期英语期末模拟试卷

1. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Dear Sally,

I recently became engaged, I love my fiancé a lot but we are getting into a lot of arguments (21) _________ our Wedding plans. I would prefer a small wedding, just our immediate family and closest friends. I think it is such a special moment and I only want the people who are most important to be near us. I don’t want to be surrounded by people not really (22) ___________ (care) about us. He wants the whole world to be there------ the mail carrier, the baker, the butcher!!! My fiancé says a wedding day is (23) _________ (important) day in anyone’s life. He wants to share his joy with everyone.

It’s not a question whether we can afford it although I ___24__ worry about how much a wedding costs and I would rather save the money for a house. I dislike fighting but I just don’t feel comfortable with his plans.

                                                                                                     -------- Nervous

Dear Nervous,

Planning weddings   ___25_____ be very stressful. Each person has clear ideas about ____26____ his or her “perfect” wedding would be. Each person has dreams and hopes for that day. Now it is a good time to practice compromising (妥协) with your husband-to-be. ___27__ one of you should be unhappy on your wedding day. If you get your way, your husband will be unhappy. If he gets his way, it sounds  28________ ________ you will be unhappy.

Why don’t the two of you talk about 29      compromise? Perhaps a medium-sized wedding? Perhaps two weddings------ a small intimate ceremony and a large reception? You 30    （have）to compromise many times in your married life. You both can start now.

                                                                                ---------Sally

Section B 

Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A

Walking through any high school during the first class in the morning, you may find that many students are ___31___ to keep their heads up. "They're sitting in the classroom, but their heads are at home on their pillows," says Mary Carskadon of Brown Medical School in the US.

Don't blame yourself; blame the clock in your brain. Two decades of research ___32___ that your bodies are pushing you to stay up at night and sleep into the morning. During the first several weeks of school, students are more likely to get a(n) lack of sleep. In the holidays, most students can sleep over eight hours a night. But during the school day, students on average sleep only about six hours. Students will lose 10 hours of sleep per week that they never ___33__ from. The lack of sleep may not only be a drag (拖后) on school ___34___, but also be related to poor health.

Scientists in the US led research to try to ___35___ teenagers' clocks back to help them fall asleep earlier. They use a special light in the classroom to try to ___36___ a reset of the students' biological clock. They found the brain can ___37___ a chemical that helps sleep. It comes out only in the dark. The research failed at the end. Doctor said that even if the chemical had started ___38___, the kids' homework and other activities meant they stayed up at night.

Some schools have reset their school time from 7:25 to 8:30 a.m. to _39_____ the students. The results were so encouraging that students who had the hour ___40.____of sleep performed best in tests. Those who lost the hour did worst of all.

2. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrases that best fits the context.

Two Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.

Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __41______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be _42_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___43____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.

The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __44_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.

The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __45_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __46_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.

  He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __47_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __48_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___49_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.

Sunscreens, long __50_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __51______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __52_____ sense of security in thinking they are __53______ from the sun’s rays.

Dr. Laura said more statistics __54_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __55______ to the scientific world.

41. A. contribution   B. reversal  C. combination  D. recognition

42. A. beneficial   B. comfortable  C. harmful   D. favorable

43. A. promote   B. reduce   C. remove   D. eliminate

44. A. assumption   B. law   C. concept   D. theory

45. A. sensitivity   B. resistance  C. adaptation   D. response

46. A. monitor    B. measure  C. slow    D. stimulate 

47. A. subject to   B. unrelated to  C. free of    D. dependent on

48. A. exercise    B. reveal   C. exposure   D. experience

49. A. occasionally   B. preferably  C. enjoyably   D. extremely

50. A. received   B. popular  C. accepted   D. identified

51. A .balance    B. adjust   C. prevent   D. enhance

52. A. false    B. strong   C. true    D. sharp

53. A. separated   B. protected  C. guarded   D. prohibited

54. A. presenting   B. doubting  C. backing   D. providing

55. A. limited    B. emphasized  C. acknowledged    D. identified  

Section B

Directions:  Read the following three passages.  Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.  For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.  Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

CASHFLOW® 101

Learn how to get out of the Rat Race and onto the Fast Track!

Make your money work for you instead of you working hard for your money!

Use it to practice real world investing with play money!

Jose Ignacio: It's a fantastic tool for knowing how to manage money, I just bought it and I'm learning a lot. It's very funny and has no risk, real strategy no risk, seems a good deal for me! Just, I'd like you could do a Spanish version because here in Mexico there are lot of people that NEEDS this knowledge. Thank u Rich Dad, U change lives!!!

John O’Neill: The Rich Dad book series changed my life. Learning to manage risk was a key: 3 years ago I had nothing, now I have a business, a new car, my own home and about to take over another business. And yes the second business will be structured so I do not have to work in it: I will work on it. And 10 years ago? I was homeless. Always think of how things can be done, not reasons they cannot.

JR, Rich Dad community member: If you are a financial tard like I was, you should invest in the program ----I did, and am glad I did! It covers the beginning basics of financial awareness, with exercises, examples and tons of info that will kick you in the seat and motivate you to get going!

A Risk Free Offer

Play it with friends at least 6 times within 90 days. Return it in good condition and get refund.

CASHFLOW® 101 is recommended for adults and children age 10 and older.

56. What is CASHFLOW® 101?

A. A learning website  B. A game software  C. A text book  D. A financial course

57. The purpose of playing CASHFLOW® 101 is to ______.

  A. learn to earn money     B. learn to buy houses

  C. learn to manage money    D. leant to get more cash

58. According to Jose Ignacio, John O’Neill and JR, ______.

  A. CASHFLOW® 101 has versions in most major languages

  B. you will take action immediately you play it

  C. Even a penniless person can earn big money

  D. CASHFLOW® 101 is worth investment

B

 Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.

Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.

Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.

Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.

In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10.

Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.

Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.

The study confirms a small ­but­ growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.

59. The new study found that ________.

A. hardship can change a child’s aging

B. violence leaves scars on a child’s mind

C. violence can speed up a child’s aging

D. hardship has a long ­term effect on a child’s mind

60. According to the text, telomeres ________.

A. are at the ends of people’s chromosomes

B. can help prevent DNA from separating

C. can make a cell die quickly

D. become shorter before they die

61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. Violence can cause quick cell division in children’s body.

B. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres from their legs in the study.

C. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.

D. Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.

62. What is the best title for the text?

A. Violence Aging Children’s DNA

B. Children’s Changing DNA Patterns

C. Violence and Telomeres

D. The Function of Telomeres

C

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.

The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.

He is suspicious - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.

　Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

　Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. 

63. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through________.
　　A. applied knowledge  B. more than one aspect
　　C. technology only  D. the use of machines
 

64. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?
　　A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.
　　B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.
　　C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.
　　D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.
65. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not________.
　　A. easily believe in unchecked statements
　　B. easily criticize others' research work
　　C. always use his imagination in work
　　D. always use evidence from observation
66. What does the passage mainly discuss?
　　A. Application of technology.
　　B. Progress in modem society.
　　C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.
　　D. How to become a successful scientist.

D

A.Wise decisions.
B. The value of money.
C. Permit the child to choose between them.
D. Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things.
E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.
F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.
 

1. Money Matters
   Parents should help their children understand money. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. 
   1.The basic function of money
   Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员).　67　 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money. 
   2. Money lessons
   Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 　68　 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” 
   3.　69　 
   Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product—a name-brand butter and a generic(无商标产品),for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.　70　If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases. 

Direction：Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

    There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language--all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．

By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have ,  their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．

In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge?Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.

 These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．

第 II 卷

I. Translation (21’)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 熊，蝙蝠和青蛙的共同之处是它们都冬眠。（common）3’

2. 综上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论：家庭越幸福，你就会越长寿。

（the more; ..the more）4’

3.这部电视连续剧受年轻父母欢迎的原因是他们很容易与剧中的人物产生共鸣。

（identify）4’

4.同事们从来没有想到，他会想方设法完成大家认为不可能完成的任务（occur）5’

5.  政府近来采取了一系列措施治理环境污染，这些措施在部分城市已初见成效。(which)  5’

Writing

Wu Lei在北京大学任教长达近二十年，工作出色，为此《中国日报》准备刊登他的照片。请你根据下面的提示，写一图片说明，简要介绍他的情况。

姓名：Wu Lei　　　性别：男      出生年月：1964年5月

职业：英语教师

简历：1985年大学毕业，从那时至今在北京大学任教。

主要事迹：

1．热爱教育事业；

2．刻苦钻研业务，专心搞好工作；

3．教学方法多样，课堂教学生动活泼；

4．多次被评为模范教师，深受师生尊敬和爱戴。

注意：词数120左右。

参考词汇：教育事业the educational cause

Grammar

29.a         30. will have

Vocabulary:

31 A  32. G  33. H  34.F  35.J  36. I  37. C  38. K  39. B 40.D

41-45 BCADA 46-50 DACBC  51-55 CABCA

56-58.  BCD   59-62. CBCA  63-66. B D A C  67-70 FDAC 

Summary

How do we see someone’s growth? We have two basic ways to see: the product and the process. Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it. In the process, it is a long road that never really ends, we need to overcome those feelings of insecurity and self-doubt along the way. There are always new things to experience, new ideas to try and new challenges to face. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.

Translation:

1. What bears, bat and frogs have in common is that they all hibernate.(3’)

2. From the above/ As has been stated above/As mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the happier your family is, the longer you will live.4’

3. The reason why this TV series is popular among young parents is that it’s very easy for them to identify with the characters in the play.4’

4.It never occurred to the colleagues that he could try every possible means to accomplish the tasks which they all considered impossible.5’

5.Recently, the government has taken a series of measures to cope with the environmental pollution, which has achieved initial success in some cities.5’

Writing

This is Wu Lei，a teacher who teaches English for nearly twenty years in Beijing University.

Wu Lei was born in May 1964，(1)working as an English teacher(从事英语教学) in Beijing University.

He loves the educational cause very much.In the past twenty years he has put his heart and soul into his work and study.(2)He has many ways to make his classes lively and interesting(他有很多方法使得课堂生动有趣)．And his lectures are not easily forgotten.

He has won the respect and love of all the teachers and students，and (3)has been given the honor of “Model Teacher” for many times(多次被授予“模范教师”的荣誉)．