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2022-2023学年上海市晋元高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海市晋元高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共22页。
2022-2023学年上海市晋元高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷
1. Shortly after we ______（seat），a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
2. The ban comes after a study found there had been more than 11，000 injuries in the United States ______（result） from phone-related distraction while walking in the past few years.
3. The reason ______she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present.
4. Neither her skill of delicate，ironic observations on social custom，love and marriage nor her ability ______（apply） a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.
5. Some people value the peace and beauty of a rural setting， ______the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast or the dry expanses of the West.
6. The Organization has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly ______（share） family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school.
7. I wish to thank Professor Smith，with the help of ______，I become who I am today.
8. ______（ overcome） the obstacle，the manager felt relieved.
9.
A.survived
B.donate
C.cooperation
D.addicted
E.satisfaction
F.acquired
G.devote
H.functions
I.suffer
(1) Some businesses have agreed to ______ computers to schools.
(2) I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly ______ .
(3) The car manufacturer receives consistently high customer ______ ratings.
(4) Marketing networks have been enhanced through ______ with Chinese enterprises.
(5) The museum will put the recently ______ Picasso on display this spring.
(6) The baby was born with a heart problem and only ______ for a few hours.
(7) If you're not happy with it，you should complain.Don't just ______ in silence
(8) On weekdays，one third of the room ______ as workspace.
10.
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feeling
Architects have long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts，feeling and behaviours.But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（实证的）basis.They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity，keep people (1) （focus），and lead to relaxation.
Researches show aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity.In 2012，Joan Meyers-Levy reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think.Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely， (2) （lead） them to make more abstract connections.Low ceilings，on the other hand，may inspire a more detailed outlook. (3) ceiling height，the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.
(4) （expose） to nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically，and (5) seems to，according to a study.Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary，language arts and maths than did students (6) classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up. (7)
that is true generally，keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.
So far public buildings (8) （concentrate） on by scientists. "We have a very limited number of studies，so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw （吸管）， " architect David says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad use of them？That is what we are all struggling with."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
11.
A.psychologically
B.issue
C.vary
D.academically
E.benefits
F.discipline
G.monitor
H.peer
I.religiously
J.emotional
K.emerged
The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school.
Teaching methods at homeschooling (1) .Some parents follow a strict timetable and imitate a traditional school environment.Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want.More parents，however，follow the middle path to provide a balance between freedom and (2) .
Why do parents choose homeschooling？Some believe that children in public schools experience too much " (3) pressure"，or social pressure from friends.They say it may have a negative effect on the child's studies.Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school.About half the parents who teach at home are (4) motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools.Whatever the reasons may be，it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year.As a result，many questions have (5) ，encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.
What then is the future of education？Although children often learn well at home，weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or (6) parents who say they are home-schooling.As the debate continues，so do the questions about what home schoolers
are studying at home.How can parents ensure that their children are prepared (7) for college？How are home schoolers assessed to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have？Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art，but they are obviously less skilled at math and science.Finally，there are questions regarding the children's (8) development.Are they too isolated from their fellow students？Are they losing the opportunity to get the social (9) of being in a large classroom of students？As with any debatable (10) ，the answers to these questions are never one-sided.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In interviews，famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to "do what you love." But mastering a skill，even one that you deeply love，requires a huge amount of hard work.
Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the (12) of practice，critical feedback，alteration，and improvement over and over.Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and (13) their gradual improvement.Yet others find it (14) to do this kind of focused，time-consuming work.Why？
The(15) may turn on the ability to enter into a state of "flow"，the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing.Flow states can happen in the course of any activity，and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a（n）(16) skill level，and where the individual is able to(17) their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity—that is，one that can be enjoyed for its own sake，rather than as a means to an end or for obtaining some(18) reward.Then how can we get into a flow state for an activity that we want to master，so that we enjoy both the(19) and the rewards？
Those who most(20) entered into flow states had an "autotelic personality"—a quality to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow.While those without such a personality see (21)， autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills.Autotelic individuals are receptive，open to new challenges and also persistent.Such people，with an ability to focus on tasks rather than (22)， have a great advantage over others in developing their inborn abilities.
(23)， for those of us who aren't necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality，there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors.In particular，the learning framework advocated by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.In Montessori schools，learning comes through discovery rather than direct instruction and students are encouraged to develop individual interests.
12. A. cycle B. list C. circle D. series
13. A. lose interest in B. make up for
C. take pleasure in D. make use of
14. A. meaningful B. frustrating C. amazing D. shameful
15. A. behaviour B. difference C. reaction D. procedure
16. A. appropriate B. elementary C. advanced D. difficult
17. A. compare B. assess C. apply D. adjust
18. A. considerable B. well-deserved C. material D. external
19. A. process B. pleasure C. compliment D. performance
20. A. reluctantly B. blindly C. readily D. casually
21. A. advantages B. difficulties C. details D. faults
22. A. rewards B. expectations C. complaints D. contributions
23. A. Unexpectedly B. Occasionally C. Traditionally D. Fortunately
M
Directions：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
It cannot be denied that Hakka earth buildings，or Kejia tulou，are totally different to traditional architectural styles both in China and abroad.
Beyond their giant size，earth buildings are unique for their robust （坚固的） architecture.The multi-storey buildings were built with a mixture of earth，sand，glutinous rice ，bamboo and wood chips，solidly tamped （夯实） into walls up to two metres thick.Each building could shelter hundreds of people — all sharing the same surname.If danger approached，the doors would be swiftly bolted （闩上） shut.Weapons would then be distributed among the men.Food would be stockpiled in advance and water drawn from the wells located within the building.
Though sometimes called roundhouses，not all earth buildings are doughnut-shaped.Oval，square and rectangular ones can be found as well.Some earth buildings bunch up in picturesque clusters，but many stand alone.
While some of the oldest existing earth buildings date back to the 12th century，the most recent examples were built in the last century.In a typical earth building，rooms are arranged in a ring-like formation，which face onto a circular central courtyard.
For anyone numbed by the impersonal nature of modern Chinese apartment blocks or the rapid pace of urban China，the earth buildings are charming reminders of what communal village life was like in the past.The Chinese frequently say， "A nearby neighbour is better than a distant relative." The earth-building-living Hakka have the best of both worlds，as neighbours are also relatives.
Despite their sturdy defences，the earth buildings are falling victim to a gradual hollowing out from within.Like so many villages across China，grandparents and grandchildren can be found playing together，but there is often less and less indication of the presence of the labouring generation between the two.The young and the middle-aged have left to earn money in the country's cities and towns，leaving many earth buildings largely depopulated .
24. According to the article，which of the following statements about Hakka earth buildings is true？ ______
A. Most earth buildings are round-shaped.
B. Most earth buildings are built to be the same size.
C. The first earth building was built in the 12th century.
D. A typical earth building is occupied by one large family clan of the same surname.
25. We can learn from the article that the biggest advantage of living in an earth building compared to that of an urban apartment is the ______ .
A. close neighborhood ties B. scenery of the countryside
C. vast living space D. communal way of life
26. According to the last paragraph，why are the earth buildings disappearing？ ______
A. Because fewer and fewer babies are being born in the villages.
B. Because they have to make way for modern apartment blocks.
C. Because they have been worn down by the years without repair.
D. Because more and more people are moving into the cities and towns.
N
This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums.This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums.Glasgow Museums' aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers.We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.
●Don't place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors.
●All object displays，cased or otherwise，must be viewable by all，including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.
●All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
●All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.
*In some cases，600mm may be acceptable，provided the plinth height is above 350mm.
●All cased displays should fall within the general optimum （最优的） viewing band of 750–2000mm.Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.
●Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case，with larger items behind.
●Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level.Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.
Open Display Cased Objects
27. From this passage，we can learn that Glasgow Museums ______ .
A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis
B. are most famous for its large collection
C. make generous donations to the disabled
D. value the experiences of all visitors
28. According to the guide，objects to be placed on open display must ______ .
A. be equipped with anti-theft system
B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm
C. receive approval from the museum first
D. fall within arms' reach of a standing man
29. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ______ .
A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm
O
People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago，a new study finds.Everest，high in the Himalayans，is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth.It reaches 8，848 meters into the sky.
Between 2006 and 2019，around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top.In the 15 years before that，only about one-third went all the way to the top.
The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years，leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding.In 2019，955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop.Only 222 people did so in 2000.
The study noted that on a single day in May of last year，396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top.The area，known as the "death zone，" is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through，one directly behind another.
Nine climbers died on Everest in May 2019.It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain.
A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online.Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year. "Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death" of Everest climbers，the study said.
However，overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous. "If crowding slows climbers （as is expected），this increases their exposure to the elements，which should increase risk of an accident or illness，" said Raymond B.Huey，lead writer of the report.
An unexpected storm，earthquake，or landslide could be disastrous，he told Reuters by email.Climbers have expressed concern about giving anyone willing to pay the government＄11，000 permission to climb Everest.Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides，and meet physical fitness and experience qualifications，said tourism department official Mira Acharya.
Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis.Now they are open again.However，Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted.
30. Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005，how many of them reached the top？ ______
A. 300. B. 400. C. 500. D. 600
31. Why does overcrowding make the climbing more dangerous？ ______
A. Because it surprisingly leads to death for those climbers.
B. Because it stopped the climbers from reaching the top at the area called "death zone".
C. Because it exposes climbers to increasing risk of an accident or illness.
D. Because it gets climbers stranded in "death zone" and unable to get further supplies.
32. According to the report，what is the possible reason for overcrowding？ ______
A. More people want to experience the climbing to the top of Mount Everest.
B. A picture of climbers waiting to reach the top inspires more people to give it a try.
C. Nepal government gives climbers permission without restrictions.
D. More people want to climb the Mount Everest before Nepal takes restrictions.
33. What is the general idea of this passage？ ______
A. Climbers are more likely to lose their lives before Reaching Top of Mount Everest.
B. More climbers need to be trained before climbing Mount Everest.
C. Enough experience in climbing mountains matters so much.
D. Climbers are twice as likely to reach top of Mount Everest than in Past.
Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.And once age-related brain changes begin，starting in our 30s，exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones.
B.Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise.
C.After four months of workouts，their scores improved on a memory test.
D.Besides，studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis.
E.But when it comes to growing new brain cells，more and more research shows that when you exercise，your muscles take charge.
F.Again，a little goes a long way.
Exercise for a Better Brain
Most of the time，your brain is the boss of your muscles—directing how you hit a ball，play the piano，or open a cereal box. (1) When you're active，they send chemical signals telling your brain， "Hey，it's time to grow!" Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits，encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells.
In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study，people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic （神经营养的） factor，a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells (2)
Without exercise，Suzuki says， "little baby neurons don't get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells.With exercise，you get fully functioning adult brain cells." Studies suggest that in younger adults，this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus （海马体） . (3) It's a good deal. "There's evidence these new brain cells are very active，" she says. "They're excitable，like teenagers.They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do.You get more connections."
(4) If you're inactive，a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity，she says.And every bit counts.In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s，sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn't exercise—equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging.the more light activity study participants logged，such as doing housework，shopping，gardening，or walking the dog，the greater the overall size of their brains.
34. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
35. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
36. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
37. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
38. 抱怨网络对热爱冒险的青少年的消极影响是无意义的。（point；impact） ______
39. 虽然他未能在比赛中获得一等奖，但他的雄心与决心都让裁判们印象深刻。（impress） ______
答案和解析
1.【答案】were seated
【解析】seat"就坐"，动词，分析句子结构可知，设空处为从句谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词came可知，句子是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语we与seat之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语we为复数，be动词应用were。
故填：were seated。
我们就座后不久，一位服务员微笑着来到我们的桌子前。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
2.【答案】resulting
【解析】result from"由……引起"，动词短语，分析可知，空格处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，injuries与动词短语result from为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作定语。
故填：resulting。
这项禁令出台之前，一项研究发现，在过去几年中，美国有11000多人因与手机相关的走神而受伤。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
3.【答案】which/that
【解析】分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，指事物，关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。
故填：which/that。
她给出的没来参加聚会的理由使在场的所有人感到困惑。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
4.【答案】to apply
【解析】apply"使用"，分析可知此处应用不定式作定语修饰ability。
故填：to apply。
无论是她对社会习俗、爱情和婚姻的细腻、讽刺的观察技巧，还是她对英国礼仪和道德的敏锐关注能力，都没有使她放弃她的最终作品。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
5.【答案】whether
【解析】whether ...or ...意为"不管……还是……；无论……还是……"，是固定搭配。
故填：whether。
有些人看重乡村环境的宁静与美丽，无论是东北部安静的森林和白雪皑皑的冬天，还是西部干燥的广袤地区。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
6.【答案】sharing
【解析】分析句子可知，此处在句中作reported的宾语，此处应用动名词，表示"做过"某事。
故填：sharing。
该组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁儿童缺课的可能性是平时的两倍。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
7.【答案】whom
【解析】分析句子结构可知with the help of_____，I become who I am today是定语从句，先行词Professor Smith在定语从句中作宾语，指人，因此用关系代词whom引导从句。
故填：whom。
我要感谢史密斯教授，在他的帮助下，我成为了今天的我。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
8.【答案】Overcoming
【解析】overcome"克服"，分析可知，此处在句中作伴随状语，与主语the manager之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，位于句首首字母应大写。
故填：Overcoming。
克服了障碍，经理感到松了一口气。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
9.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】E
【小题4】C
【小题5】F
【小题6】A
【小题7】I
【小题8】H
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：一些企业已经同意向学校捐赠电脑。根据agree to do sth"同意做某事"可知，此处应用动词原形，结合句意表示"捐赠"，应用动词donate。故选B。
（2）考查形容词。句意：我知道，如果我开始看肥皂剧，我会立刻上瘾。分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意表示"上瘾"，应用形容词addicted。故选D。
（3）考查不可数名词。句意：汽车制造商的客户满意度一直很高。分析可知，此处应用名词或形容词作定语，结合句意，表示"满意度"，应用短语satisfaction ratings，satisfaction"满意"为不可数名词。故选E。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：通过与中国企业的合作，加强了营销网络。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词through的宾语，结合句意可知，不可数名词cooperation"合作"符合题意。故选C。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：博物馆将在今年春天展出最近获得的毕加索。分析可知，所填词在句中作定语，修饰后文名词Picasso，根据句意表示"获得"应用acquire，动词acquire与其逻辑主语Picasso之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作定语。故选F。
（6）考查动词时态。句意：婴儿出生时有心脏问题，只活了几个小时。分析可知，此处应用动词作句子的谓语，结合句意表示"存活"，应用动词survive，根据前文was可知，句子使用了一般过去时，故填survived。故选A。
（7）考查动词原形。句意：如果你对此不满意，你应该抱怨。不要只是默默忍受。根据助动词don't可知，此处应用动词原形，结合句意表示"忍受"，应用动词suffer。故选I。
（8）考查动词时态。句意：在工作日，三分之一的房间用作工作区。分析可知，此处应用动词作句子的谓语，结合句意表示"充当"，应用动词function，根据时间状语on weekdays可知，此处是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语one third of the room为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填functions。故选H。
（1）一些企业已经同意向学校捐赠电脑。
（2）我知道，如果我开始看肥皂剧，我会立刻上瘾。
（3）汽车制造商的客户满意度一直很高。
（4）通过与中国企业的合作，加强了营销网络。
（5）博物馆将在今年春天展出最近获得的毕加索。
（6）婴儿出生时有心脏问题，只活了几个小时。
（7）如果你对此不满意，你应该抱怨。不要只是默默忍受。
（8）在工作日，三分之一的房间用作工作区。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
10.【答案】【小题1】focused
【小题2】leading
【小题3】Besides
【小题4】Exposed
【小题5】it
【小题6】whose
【小题7】If
【小题8】have been concentrated
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：他们正在探索如何设计空间，促进创造力，保持人们的注意力集中，并导致放松。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词keep，所以空处应填形容词，focus的形容词形式是focused。故填focused。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：她的研究表明，较高的天花板能鼓励人们更自由地思考，使他们建立更抽象的联系。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词encourage，因此lead要用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是higher ceilings，它们之间是主动关系，因此此处应该用现在分词作状语表结果。故填leading。
（3）考查介词。句意：除了天花板的高度外，建筑物所能提供的视野也会影响居住者集中注意力的能力。根据下文the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.可知，此处讲的是建筑物除了天花板的高度外，其他会影响居住者集中注意力的地方，所以应填besides意为"除...之外"符合句意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Besides。
（4）考查过去分词。句意：一项研究表明，接触大自然以提高注意力应该会在学术上有所回报，而且似乎确实如此。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词ought to pay off，因此expose应该用非谓语动词，逻辑主语是人，它们之间是被动关系，需要用过去分词表被动，又位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Exposed。
（5）考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，接触大自然以提高注意力应该会在学术上有所回报，而且似乎确实如此。分析句子结构可知，本句是and引导的并列句，后句中缺少主语，结合句意，空处应填it代指"Exposed to nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically"这件事。故填it。
（6）考查定语从句引导词。句意：在能看到窗外至少50英尺视野的教室里，学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学测试中的得分要高于那些教室里主要看不到道路和停车场的学生。分析句子结构可知空处引导定语从句，先行词是students，在从句中做定语修饰classrooms，因此要用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
（7）考查连词。句意：如果这是普遍情况，那么在晚餐或聚会时保持昏暗的灯光可以促进放松。根据前文"Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up."可知，此处是表示"如果是真的话"之意，表假设，应该用if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填If。
（8）考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，科学家们主要研究公共建筑。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以concentrate做本句谓语，主语是public buildings，两者间是被动关系，需要用被动语态，再根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时，因此应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been concentrated。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们生活的家居环境是如何影响我们的感觉和行为的。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
11.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】F
【小题3】H
【小题4】I
【小题5】K
【小题6】G
【小题7】D
【小题8】J
【小题9】E
【小题10】B
【解析】（1）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在家教育的教学方法各不相同。分析可知，此处应用动词作谓语，结合句意表示"不同"应用动词vary，主语methods为复数，谓语动词应用原形，故填vary。故选C。
（2）考查不可数名词。句意：然而，更多的父母选择中间路线，在自由和纪律之间寻求平衡。分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意表示"纪律"应用不可数名词discipline。故选F。
（3）考查名词。句意：一些人认为公立学校的孩子承受了太多的"同伴压力"，或者来自朋友的社会压力。结合句意表示"同伴压力"应用名词短语peer pressure，故填peer。故选H。
（4）考查副词。句意：在家教学的家长大约有一半是出于宗教动机，他们通过教会学校的邮件或互联网上课。分析可知，此处应用应用副词作状语，修饰动词motivated，结合句意表示"宗教地"应用副词religiously。故选I。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：因此，出现了许多问题，促进了关于家庭教育和公共教育的争论。分析可知，此处应用动词作谓语，结合句意表示"出现"应用动词emerge，根据前文have可知，句子使用了现在完成时，故此处应用过去分词，故填emerged。故选K。
（6）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：尽管孩子们在家里往往学习得很好，但大多数州的薄弱监管意味着官员们很少质疑或监督那些声称自己孩子在家上学的父母。分析可知，此处应用动词作从句谓语，结合句意表示"监督"应用动词monitor，结合上文challenge可知，句子使用了一般现在时，主语officials为复数，谓语动词应用原形，故填monitor。故选G。
（7）考查副词。句意：父母怎样才能确保他们的孩子在学业上为大学做好准备呢？分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词prepared，结合句意表示"在学业上"应用副词academically。故选D。
（8）考查形容词。句意：最后，还有关于孩子情感发展的问题。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词development，结合句意表示"情感的"应用形容词emotional。故选J。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：他们是否失去了在一个大教室里获得社会福利的机会？分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意表示"福利"应用名词benefit，结合语境可知，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指，故填benefits。故选E。
（10）考查名词。句意：与任何有争议的问题一样，这些问题的答案从来不是片面的。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词with的宾语，结合句意表示"问题"应用名词issue，结合语境可知，此处指任何一个有争议的问题，故应用其单数形式，故填issue。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了"家庭学校教育"的概念以及利弊。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
12~23.【答案】A、C、B、B、A、D、D、A、C、B、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.cycle循环；B.list清单；C.circle圆圈；D.series系列。根据后文over and over.可知这种练习要一遍又一遍地循环。故选A。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.lose interest in失去兴趣；B.make up for补偿；C.take pleasure in乐于，喜欢；D.make use of利用。根据上文people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years可知有些人似乎能够集中精力练习这样的活动多年，并享受他们的逐渐进步。故选C。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.meaningful有意义的；B.frustrating令人沮丧的；C.amazing令人惊异的；D.shameful可耻的。结合后文time-consuming work可知一些人觉得做这种集中精力、耗费时间的工作令人沮丧。yet表示前后的转折关系。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.behaviour行为；B.difference差异；C.reaction反应；D.procedure程序。结合上文可知有些人喜欢这种循环的状态，而一些人觉得沮丧，这是一种差异。故选B。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.appropriate适当的；B.elementary基本的；C.advanced先进的；D.difficult困难的。结合语境可推知要想能够完成这项任务，那么肯定需要具有适当的技能水平。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.compare比较；B.assess评定；C.apply申请；D.adjust调整。结合后文their performance to clear and immediate feedback.可推知是调整个人的表现以获得清晰和即时的反馈。故选D。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.considerable相当大的；B.well-deserved理所应得的；C.material物质的；D.external外部的。根据最后一句中of external rewards.可知此处指这种活动可以为自己而享受，而不是作为达到目的的一种手段或获得某种外部奖励。故选D。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.process过程；B.pleasure快乐；C.compliment恭维；D.performance表现。结合上文Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity可知心流状态可以把枯燥的练习变成一种自娱自乐的活动，即心流状态下是享受完成任务的过程。故选A。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.reluctantly不情愿地；B.blindly盲目地；C.readily容易地；D.casually随便地。结合后文had an "autotelic personality"—a quality to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow.可知拥有"自成性格"的人更容易进入心流状态。故选C。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.advantages优势；B.difficulties困难；C.details细节；D.faults故障。结合上文those without such a personality see可知没有"自成性格"的人看到了困难，而有目的的人看到了培养技能的机会。故选B。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.rewards奖励；B.expectations期望；C.complaints投诉；D.contributions贡献。承接最后一句中taking the focus off of external rewards.可知有"自成性格"的人专注于任务而不是外部奖励。故选A。
（12）考查副词及语境理解。A.Unexpectedly意外地；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Traditionally传统地；D.Fortunately幸运地。结合后文for those of us who aren't necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality，there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors.可知虽然我们不一定拥有自成性格，但是幸运地是（Fortunately），有证据表明心流状态可以被环境因素促进。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了想要掌握一项技能必须经历一遍又一遍的练习、批评反馈、修改和改进的循环。有的人能够集中精力练习这样的活动，而另一些人则觉得集中精力、耗费时间的工作令人沮丧。这主要是因为"心流状态"--一种完全投入到你正在做的事情中的感觉。文章介绍了心流状态的特点和容易进入心流状态的人的特点，以及有证据表明心流状态可以被环境因素促进。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
24~26.【答案】D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Each building could shelter hundreds of people—all sharing the same surname.（每栋建筑可以容纳数百人——他们都拥有相同的姓氏。）可知，客家土楼可以容纳数百人，这些人拥有同样的姓氏。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The Chinese frequently say， "A nearby neighbour is better than a distant relative." The earth-building-living Hakka have the best of both worlds，as neighbours are also relatives.（中国人常说："远亲不如近邻"。居住在土楼中的客家人拥有两全其美的优势，因为邻居也是亲戚。）可知，从这篇文章中我们可以了解到，与城市公寓相比，住在土楼里的最大优势是邻里关系密切。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The young and the middle—aged have left to earn money in the country's cities and towns，leaving many earth buildings largely depopulated.（年轻人和中年人离开去该国的城镇赚钱，使许多土楼的基本人口减少。）可知，根据最后一段，地球建筑正在消失是因为越来越多的人搬进了城镇。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是客家土楼的结构特点及其作用和意义，但是随着青壮年劳动力外出务工，使得土楼人口在很大程度上减少。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
27~29.【答案】D、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Object Placement部分第二句All object displays，cased or otherwise，must be viewable by all，including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.（所有的展品，不论是否装柜，都必须被所有人看到，包括身材矮小或坐在轮椅上的人。）可知，Glasgow Museums重视所有游客的体验。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Open Display部分第二句All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. （所有被确定为可能公开展示的物品都必须经过博物馆保安经理的检查并在物品对物品的基础上达成一致。）可知，公开展出的物品必须先得到博物馆的批准。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据Cased Objects部分第一句All cased displays should fall within the general optimum （最优的） viewing band of 750-2000 mm.（所有的展品都应该在750-2000毫米的最佳观察范围内。）可知，一位母亲和她10岁的儿子面对一颗950毫米高的玻璃柜里的钻石，可能都感到很舒服。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了这份文件规定了格拉斯哥博物馆的陈列标准。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
30~33.【答案】A、C、C、D
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段Between 2006 and 2019，around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top.In the 15 years before that，only about one-third went all the way to the top.（在2006年至2019年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）可知，在1991年到2004期间只有1/3的人登顶成功。由此可推知，如果1990年到2005年有900人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为：900×1/3=300人。故选A。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第五段If crowding slows climbers （as is expected），this increases their exposure to the elements，which should increase risk of an accident or illness，（如果拥挤减缓登山者的速度（正如预期的那样），就会增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，这就会增加发生事故或患病的风险。）可知，因为过度拥挤会增加登山者发生事故或患病的风险，所以这会让登山变得更困难。故选C。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government ＄11，000 permission to climb Everest. （登山者们表示担心，任何愿意向政府支付1.1万美元的人都可以攀登珠穆朗玛峰。）可推知，尼泊尔政府给予登山者无限制的许可，这可能是导致登山拥挤的原因。故选C。
（4）D.主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago，a new study finds. （一项新的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。）可知，本文主要讲述登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰的可能性是过去的两倍。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述目前攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。并简要介绍了导致登山者死亡或患病的原因。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
34~37.【答案】E、C、A、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后文When you're active，they send chemical signals telling your brain， "Hey，it's time to grow!" Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits，encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells（当你活动时，它们会发出化学信号告诉你的大脑，"嘿，是时候成长了！"最近的研究表明，体育活动对大脑有多种好处，鼓励新的脑细胞的诞生和生长，这些脑细胞为脑细胞提供氧气和血糖），可知表示"但当涉及到培养新的脑细胞时，越来越多的研究表明，当你锻炼时，你的肌肉会起作用"的选项E符合前后的语境，physical activity has multiple brain benefits是关键词，故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study，people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic （ 神经营养的） factor，a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells（在2016年美国国家老龄研究所的一项研究中，每周三天在跑步机上跑步45分钟的人能够激发他们的脑源性神经营养因子的增长，它是一种对新脑细胞起肥料作用的化学物质），可知表示"经过四个月的锻炼，他们的记忆力测试成绩有所提高"的选项C符合前后的语境，they代指people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文的little baby neurons don't get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells.With exercise，you get fully functioning adult brain cells（小婴儿的神经元不会变大，也不会与其他脑细胞建立数千个新的联系。有了锻炼，你就会得到功能完整的成年脑细胞）；以及前句Studies suggest that in younger adults，this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus（研究表明，在年轻人中，这会增加海马体），可知表示"从我们30多岁开始，一旦与年龄相关的大脑变化开始，锻炼有助于保持大脑细胞的存活时间，并用新细胞取代旧细胞"的选项A符合前后按照年龄阶段介绍的语境，故选A。
（4）主题判断题。根据后句If you're inactive，a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity，she says.And every bit counts（她说，如果你不是特别爱活动，在街区散步可能是鼓励神经可塑性的唯一途径。而且每一点进步都很重要），可知表示"再说一次，一点一点的积累会有很大的作用"的选项F符合前后的语境，every bit counts是关键词，故选F。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了进行体育锻炼对于锻炼大脑可以带来的好处。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
38.【答案】There is no point in complaining about the negative impact of the internet on risk-loving teenagers.
【解析】做某事没有意义there is no point in doing sth.；抱怨complain about；热爱冒险的青少年risk-loving teenagers；消极影响negative impact；陈述一般事实，用一般现在时。
故填：There is no point in complaining about the negative impact of the internet on risk-loving teenagers.
抱怨网络对热爱冒险的青少年的消极影响是无意义的。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
39.【答案】Although he failed to win the first prize in the competition，his ambition and determination impressed the judges.
【解析】虽然Although引导让步状语从句；未能fail to；获得一等奖win the first prize；他的雄心与决心his ambition and determination；让裁判们印象深刻impress the judges；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。
故填：Although he failed to win the first prize in the competition，his ambition and determination impressed the judges.
虽然他未能在比赛中获得一等奖，但他的雄心与决心都让裁判们印象深刻。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
2022-2023学年上海市晋元高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷
1. Shortly after we ______（seat），a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
2. The ban comes after a study found there had been more than 11，000 injuries in the United States ______（result） from phone-related distraction while walking in the past few years.
3. The reason ______she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present.
4. Neither her skill of delicate，ironic observations on social custom，love and marriage nor her ability ______（apply） a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.
5. Some people value the peace and beauty of a rural setting， ______the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast or the dry expanses of the West.
6. The Organization has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly ______（share） family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school.
7. I wish to thank Professor Smith，with the help of ______，I become who I am today.
8. ______（ overcome） the obstacle，the manager felt relieved.
9.
A.survived
B.donate
C.cooperation
D.addicted
E.satisfaction
F.acquired
G.devote
H.functions
I.suffer
(1) Some businesses have agreed to ______ computers to schools.
(2) I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly ______ .
(3) The car manufacturer receives consistently high customer ______ ratings.
(4) Marketing networks have been enhanced through ______ with Chinese enterprises.
(5) The museum will put the recently ______ Picasso on display this spring.
(6) The baby was born with a heart problem and only ______ for a few hours.
(7) If you're not happy with it，you should complain.Don't just ______ in silence
(8) On weekdays，one third of the room ______ as workspace.
10.
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feeling
Architects have long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts，feeling and behaviours.But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（实证的）basis.They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity，keep people (1) （focus），and lead to relaxation.
Researches show aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity.In 2012，Joan Meyers-Levy reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think.Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely， (2) （lead） them to make more abstract connections.Low ceilings，on the other hand，may inspire a more detailed outlook. (3) ceiling height，the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.
(4) （expose） to nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically，and (5) seems to，according to a study.Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary，language arts and maths than did students (6) classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up. (7)
that is true generally，keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.
So far public buildings (8) （concentrate） on by scientists. "We have a very limited number of studies，so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw （吸管）， " architect David says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad use of them？That is what we are all struggling with."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
11.
A.psychologically
B.issue
C.vary
D.academically
E.benefits
F.discipline
G.monitor
H.peer
I.religiously
J.emotional
K.emerged
The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school.
Teaching methods at homeschooling (1) .Some parents follow a strict timetable and imitate a traditional school environment.Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want.More parents，however，follow the middle path to provide a balance between freedom and (2) .
Why do parents choose homeschooling？Some believe that children in public schools experience too much " (3) pressure"，or social pressure from friends.They say it may have a negative effect on the child's studies.Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school.About half the parents who teach at home are (4) motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools.Whatever the reasons may be，it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year.As a result，many questions have (5) ，encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.
What then is the future of education？Although children often learn well at home，weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or (6) parents who say they are home-schooling.As the debate continues，so do the questions about what home schoolers
are studying at home.How can parents ensure that their children are prepared (7) for college？How are home schoolers assessed to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have？Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art，but they are obviously less skilled at math and science.Finally，there are questions regarding the children's (8) development.Are they too isolated from their fellow students？Are they losing the opportunity to get the social (9) of being in a large classroom of students？As with any debatable (10) ，the answers to these questions are never one-sided.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In interviews，famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to "do what you love." But mastering a skill，even one that you deeply love，requires a huge amount of hard work.
Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the (12) of practice，critical feedback，alteration，and improvement over and over.Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and (13) their gradual improvement.Yet others find it (14) to do this kind of focused，time-consuming work.Why？
The(15) may turn on the ability to enter into a state of "flow"，the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing.Flow states can happen in the course of any activity，and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a（n）(16) skill level，and where the individual is able to(17) their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity—that is，one that can be enjoyed for its own sake，rather than as a means to an end or for obtaining some(18) reward.Then how can we get into a flow state for an activity that we want to master，so that we enjoy both the(19) and the rewards？
Those who most(20) entered into flow states had an "autotelic personality"—a quality to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow.While those without such a personality see (21)， autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills.Autotelic individuals are receptive，open to new challenges and also persistent.Such people，with an ability to focus on tasks rather than (22)， have a great advantage over others in developing their inborn abilities.
(23)， for those of us who aren't necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality，there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors.In particular，the learning framework advocated by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.In Montessori schools，learning comes through discovery rather than direct instruction and students are encouraged to develop individual interests.
12. A. cycle B. list C. circle D. series
13. A. lose interest in B. make up for
C. take pleasure in D. make use of
14. A. meaningful B. frustrating C. amazing D. shameful
15. A. behaviour B. difference C. reaction D. procedure
16. A. appropriate B. elementary C. advanced D. difficult
17. A. compare B. assess C. apply D. adjust
18. A. considerable B. well-deserved C. material D. external
19. A. process B. pleasure C. compliment D. performance
20. A. reluctantly B. blindly C. readily D. casually
21. A. advantages B. difficulties C. details D. faults
22. A. rewards B. expectations C. complaints D. contributions
23. A. Unexpectedly B. Occasionally C. Traditionally D. Fortunately
M
Directions：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
It cannot be denied that Hakka earth buildings，or Kejia tulou，are totally different to traditional architectural styles both in China and abroad.
Beyond their giant size，earth buildings are unique for their robust （坚固的） architecture.The multi-storey buildings were built with a mixture of earth，sand，glutinous rice ，bamboo and wood chips，solidly tamped （夯实） into walls up to two metres thick.Each building could shelter hundreds of people — all sharing the same surname.If danger approached，the doors would be swiftly bolted （闩上） shut.Weapons would then be distributed among the men.Food would be stockpiled in advance and water drawn from the wells located within the building.
Though sometimes called roundhouses，not all earth buildings are doughnut-shaped.Oval，square and rectangular ones can be found as well.Some earth buildings bunch up in picturesque clusters，but many stand alone.
While some of the oldest existing earth buildings date back to the 12th century，the most recent examples were built in the last century.In a typical earth building，rooms are arranged in a ring-like formation，which face onto a circular central courtyard.
For anyone numbed by the impersonal nature of modern Chinese apartment blocks or the rapid pace of urban China，the earth buildings are charming reminders of what communal village life was like in the past.The Chinese frequently say， "A nearby neighbour is better than a distant relative." The earth-building-living Hakka have the best of both worlds，as neighbours are also relatives.
Despite their sturdy defences，the earth buildings are falling victim to a gradual hollowing out from within.Like so many villages across China，grandparents and grandchildren can be found playing together，but there is often less and less indication of the presence of the labouring generation between the two.The young and the middle-aged have left to earn money in the country's cities and towns，leaving many earth buildings largely depopulated .
24. According to the article，which of the following statements about Hakka earth buildings is true？ ______
A. Most earth buildings are round-shaped.
B. Most earth buildings are built to be the same size.
C. The first earth building was built in the 12th century.
D. A typical earth building is occupied by one large family clan of the same surname.
25. We can learn from the article that the biggest advantage of living in an earth building compared to that of an urban apartment is the ______ .
A. close neighborhood ties B. scenery of the countryside
C. vast living space D. communal way of life
26. According to the last paragraph，why are the earth buildings disappearing？ ______
A. Because fewer and fewer babies are being born in the villages.
B. Because they have to make way for modern apartment blocks.
C. Because they have been worn down by the years without repair.
D. Because more and more people are moving into the cities and towns.
N
This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums.This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums.Glasgow Museums' aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers.We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.
●Don't place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors.
●All object displays，cased or otherwise，must be viewable by all，including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.
●All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
●All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.
*In some cases，600mm may be acceptable，provided the plinth height is above 350mm.
●All cased displays should fall within the general optimum （最优的） viewing band of 750–2000mm.Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.
●Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case，with larger items behind.
●Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level.Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.
Open Display Cased Objects
27. From this passage，we can learn that Glasgow Museums ______ .
A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis
B. are most famous for its large collection
C. make generous donations to the disabled
D. value the experiences of all visitors
28. According to the guide，objects to be placed on open display must ______ .
A. be equipped with anti-theft system
B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm
C. receive approval from the museum first
D. fall within arms' reach of a standing man
29. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ______ .
A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm
O
People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago，a new study finds.Everest，high in the Himalayans，is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth.It reaches 8，848 meters into the sky.
Between 2006 and 2019，around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top.In the 15 years before that，only about one-third went all the way to the top.
The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years，leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding.In 2019，955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop.Only 222 people did so in 2000.
The study noted that on a single day in May of last year，396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top.The area，known as the "death zone，" is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through，one directly behind another.
Nine climbers died on Everest in May 2019.It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain.
A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online.Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year. "Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death" of Everest climbers，the study said.
However，overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous. "If crowding slows climbers （as is expected），this increases their exposure to the elements，which should increase risk of an accident or illness，" said Raymond B.Huey，lead writer of the report.
An unexpected storm，earthquake，or landslide could be disastrous，he told Reuters by email.Climbers have expressed concern about giving anyone willing to pay the government＄11，000 permission to climb Everest.Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides，and meet physical fitness and experience qualifications，said tourism department official Mira Acharya.
Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis.Now they are open again.However，Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted.
30. Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005，how many of them reached the top？ ______
A. 300. B. 400. C. 500. D. 600
31. Why does overcrowding make the climbing more dangerous？ ______
A. Because it surprisingly leads to death for those climbers.
B. Because it stopped the climbers from reaching the top at the area called "death zone".
C. Because it exposes climbers to increasing risk of an accident or illness.
D. Because it gets climbers stranded in "death zone" and unable to get further supplies.
32. According to the report，what is the possible reason for overcrowding？ ______
A. More people want to experience the climbing to the top of Mount Everest.
B. A picture of climbers waiting to reach the top inspires more people to give it a try.
C. Nepal government gives climbers permission without restrictions.
D. More people want to climb the Mount Everest before Nepal takes restrictions.
33. What is the general idea of this passage？ ______
A. Climbers are more likely to lose their lives before Reaching Top of Mount Everest.
B. More climbers need to be trained before climbing Mount Everest.
C. Enough experience in climbing mountains matters so much.
D. Climbers are twice as likely to reach top of Mount Everest than in Past.
Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.And once age-related brain changes begin，starting in our 30s，exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones.
B.Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise.
C.After four months of workouts，their scores improved on a memory test.
D.Besides，studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis.
E.But when it comes to growing new brain cells，more and more research shows that when you exercise，your muscles take charge.
F.Again，a little goes a long way.
Exercise for a Better Brain
Most of the time，your brain is the boss of your muscles—directing how you hit a ball，play the piano，or open a cereal box. (1) When you're active，they send chemical signals telling your brain， "Hey，it's time to grow!" Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits，encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells.
In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study，people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic （神经营养的） factor，a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells (2)
Without exercise，Suzuki says， "little baby neurons don't get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells.With exercise，you get fully functioning adult brain cells." Studies suggest that in younger adults，this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus （海马体） . (3) It's a good deal. "There's evidence these new brain cells are very active，" she says. "They're excitable，like teenagers.They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do.You get more connections."
(4) If you're inactive，a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity，she says.And every bit counts.In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s，sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn't exercise—equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging.the more light activity study participants logged，such as doing housework，shopping，gardening，or walking the dog，the greater the overall size of their brains.
34. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
35. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
36. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
37. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
38. 抱怨网络对热爱冒险的青少年的消极影响是无意义的。（point；impact） ______
39. 虽然他未能在比赛中获得一等奖，但他的雄心与决心都让裁判们印象深刻。（impress） ______
答案和解析
1.【答案】were seated
【解析】seat"就坐"，动词，分析句子结构可知，设空处为从句谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词came可知，句子是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语we与seat之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语we为复数，be动词应用were。
故填：were seated。
我们就座后不久，一位服务员微笑着来到我们的桌子前。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
2.【答案】resulting
【解析】result from"由……引起"，动词短语，分析可知，空格处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，injuries与动词短语result from为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作定语。
故填：resulting。
这项禁令出台之前，一项研究发现，在过去几年中，美国有11000多人因与手机相关的走神而受伤。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
3.【答案】which/that
【解析】分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，指事物，关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。
故填：which/that。
她给出的没来参加聚会的理由使在场的所有人感到困惑。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
4.【答案】to apply
【解析】apply"使用"，分析可知此处应用不定式作定语修饰ability。
故填：to apply。
无论是她对社会习俗、爱情和婚姻的细腻、讽刺的观察技巧，还是她对英国礼仪和道德的敏锐关注能力，都没有使她放弃她的最终作品。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
5.【答案】whether
【解析】whether ...or ...意为"不管……还是……；无论……还是……"，是固定搭配。
故填：whether。
有些人看重乡村环境的宁静与美丽，无论是东北部安静的森林和白雪皑皑的冬天，还是西部干燥的广袤地区。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
6.【答案】sharing
【解析】分析句子可知，此处在句中作reported的宾语，此处应用动名词，表示"做过"某事。
故填：sharing。
该组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁儿童缺课的可能性是平时的两倍。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
7.【答案】whom
【解析】分析句子结构可知with the help of_____，I become who I am today是定语从句，先行词Professor Smith在定语从句中作宾语，指人，因此用关系代词whom引导从句。
故填：whom。
我要感谢史密斯教授，在他的帮助下，我成为了今天的我。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
8.【答案】Overcoming
【解析】overcome"克服"，分析可知，此处在句中作伴随状语，与主语the manager之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，位于句首首字母应大写。
故填：Overcoming。
克服了障碍，经理感到松了一口气。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
9.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】E
【小题4】C
【小题5】F
【小题6】A
【小题7】I
【小题8】H
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：一些企业已经同意向学校捐赠电脑。根据agree to do sth"同意做某事"可知，此处应用动词原形，结合句意表示"捐赠"，应用动词donate。故选B。
（2）考查形容词。句意：我知道，如果我开始看肥皂剧，我会立刻上瘾。分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意表示"上瘾"，应用形容词addicted。故选D。
（3）考查不可数名词。句意：汽车制造商的客户满意度一直很高。分析可知，此处应用名词或形容词作定语，结合句意，表示"满意度"，应用短语satisfaction ratings，satisfaction"满意"为不可数名词。故选E。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：通过与中国企业的合作，加强了营销网络。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词through的宾语，结合句意可知，不可数名词cooperation"合作"符合题意。故选C。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：博物馆将在今年春天展出最近获得的毕加索。分析可知，所填词在句中作定语，修饰后文名词Picasso，根据句意表示"获得"应用acquire，动词acquire与其逻辑主语Picasso之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作定语。故选F。
（6）考查动词时态。句意：婴儿出生时有心脏问题，只活了几个小时。分析可知，此处应用动词作句子的谓语，结合句意表示"存活"，应用动词survive，根据前文was可知，句子使用了一般过去时，故填survived。故选A。
（7）考查动词原形。句意：如果你对此不满意，你应该抱怨。不要只是默默忍受。根据助动词don't可知，此处应用动词原形，结合句意表示"忍受"，应用动词suffer。故选I。
（8）考查动词时态。句意：在工作日，三分之一的房间用作工作区。分析可知，此处应用动词作句子的谓语，结合句意表示"充当"，应用动词function，根据时间状语on weekdays可知，此处是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语one third of the room为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填functions。故选H。
（1）一些企业已经同意向学校捐赠电脑。
（2）我知道，如果我开始看肥皂剧，我会立刻上瘾。
（3）汽车制造商的客户满意度一直很高。
（4）通过与中国企业的合作，加强了营销网络。
（5）博物馆将在今年春天展出最近获得的毕加索。
（6）婴儿出生时有心脏问题，只活了几个小时。
（7）如果你对此不满意，你应该抱怨。不要只是默默忍受。
（8）在工作日，三分之一的房间用作工作区。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
10.【答案】【小题1】focused
【小题2】leading
【小题3】Besides
【小题4】Exposed
【小题5】it
【小题6】whose
【小题7】If
【小题8】have been concentrated
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：他们正在探索如何设计空间，促进创造力，保持人们的注意力集中，并导致放松。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词keep，所以空处应填形容词，focus的形容词形式是focused。故填focused。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：她的研究表明，较高的天花板能鼓励人们更自由地思考，使他们建立更抽象的联系。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词encourage，因此lead要用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是higher ceilings，它们之间是主动关系，因此此处应该用现在分词作状语表结果。故填leading。
（3）考查介词。句意：除了天花板的高度外，建筑物所能提供的视野也会影响居住者集中注意力的能力。根据下文the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.可知，此处讲的是建筑物除了天花板的高度外，其他会影响居住者集中注意力的地方，所以应填besides意为"除...之外"符合句意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Besides。
（4）考查过去分词。句意：一项研究表明，接触大自然以提高注意力应该会在学术上有所回报，而且似乎确实如此。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词ought to pay off，因此expose应该用非谓语动词，逻辑主语是人，它们之间是被动关系，需要用过去分词表被动，又位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Exposed。
（5）考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，接触大自然以提高注意力应该会在学术上有所回报，而且似乎确实如此。分析句子结构可知，本句是and引导的并列句，后句中缺少主语，结合句意，空处应填it代指"Exposed to nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically"这件事。故填it。
（6）考查定语从句引导词。句意：在能看到窗外至少50英尺视野的教室里，学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学测试中的得分要高于那些教室里主要看不到道路和停车场的学生。分析句子结构可知空处引导定语从句，先行词是students，在从句中做定语修饰classrooms，因此要用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
（7）考查连词。句意：如果这是普遍情况，那么在晚餐或聚会时保持昏暗的灯光可以促进放松。根据前文"Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up."可知，此处是表示"如果是真的话"之意，表假设，应该用if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填If。
（8）考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，科学家们主要研究公共建筑。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以concentrate做本句谓语，主语是public buildings，两者间是被动关系，需要用被动语态，再根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时，因此应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been concentrated。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们生活的家居环境是如何影响我们的感觉和行为的。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
11.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】F
【小题3】H
【小题4】I
【小题5】K
【小题6】G
【小题7】D
【小题8】J
【小题9】E
【小题10】B
【解析】（1）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在家教育的教学方法各不相同。分析可知，此处应用动词作谓语，结合句意表示"不同"应用动词vary，主语methods为复数，谓语动词应用原形，故填vary。故选C。
（2）考查不可数名词。句意：然而，更多的父母选择中间路线，在自由和纪律之间寻求平衡。分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意表示"纪律"应用不可数名词discipline。故选F。
（3）考查名词。句意：一些人认为公立学校的孩子承受了太多的"同伴压力"，或者来自朋友的社会压力。结合句意表示"同伴压力"应用名词短语peer pressure，故填peer。故选H。
（4）考查副词。句意：在家教学的家长大约有一半是出于宗教动机，他们通过教会学校的邮件或互联网上课。分析可知，此处应用应用副词作状语，修饰动词motivated，结合句意表示"宗教地"应用副词religiously。故选I。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：因此，出现了许多问题，促进了关于家庭教育和公共教育的争论。分析可知，此处应用动词作谓语，结合句意表示"出现"应用动词emerge，根据前文have可知，句子使用了现在完成时，故此处应用过去分词，故填emerged。故选K。
（6）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：尽管孩子们在家里往往学习得很好，但大多数州的薄弱监管意味着官员们很少质疑或监督那些声称自己孩子在家上学的父母。分析可知，此处应用动词作从句谓语，结合句意表示"监督"应用动词monitor，结合上文challenge可知，句子使用了一般现在时，主语officials为复数，谓语动词应用原形，故填monitor。故选G。
（7）考查副词。句意：父母怎样才能确保他们的孩子在学业上为大学做好准备呢？分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词prepared，结合句意表示"在学业上"应用副词academically。故选D。
（8）考查形容词。句意：最后，还有关于孩子情感发展的问题。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词development，结合句意表示"情感的"应用形容词emotional。故选J。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：他们是否失去了在一个大教室里获得社会福利的机会？分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意表示"福利"应用名词benefit，结合语境可知，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指，故填benefits。故选E。
（10）考查名词。句意：与任何有争议的问题一样，这些问题的答案从来不是片面的。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词with的宾语，结合句意表示"问题"应用名词issue，结合语境可知，此处指任何一个有争议的问题，故应用其单数形式，故填issue。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了"家庭学校教育"的概念以及利弊。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
12~23.【答案】A、C、B、B、A、D、D、A、C、B、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.cycle循环；B.list清单；C.circle圆圈；D.series系列。根据后文over and over.可知这种练习要一遍又一遍地循环。故选A。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.lose interest in失去兴趣；B.make up for补偿；C.take pleasure in乐于，喜欢；D.make use of利用。根据上文people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years可知有些人似乎能够集中精力练习这样的活动多年，并享受他们的逐渐进步。故选C。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.meaningful有意义的；B.frustrating令人沮丧的；C.amazing令人惊异的；D.shameful可耻的。结合后文time-consuming work可知一些人觉得做这种集中精力、耗费时间的工作令人沮丧。yet表示前后的转折关系。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.behaviour行为；B.difference差异；C.reaction反应；D.procedure程序。结合上文可知有些人喜欢这种循环的状态，而一些人觉得沮丧，这是一种差异。故选B。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.appropriate适当的；B.elementary基本的；C.advanced先进的；D.difficult困难的。结合语境可推知要想能够完成这项任务，那么肯定需要具有适当的技能水平。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.compare比较；B.assess评定；C.apply申请；D.adjust调整。结合后文their performance to clear and immediate feedback.可推知是调整个人的表现以获得清晰和即时的反馈。故选D。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.considerable相当大的；B.well-deserved理所应得的；C.material物质的；D.external外部的。根据最后一句中of external rewards.可知此处指这种活动可以为自己而享受，而不是作为达到目的的一种手段或获得某种外部奖励。故选D。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.process过程；B.pleasure快乐；C.compliment恭维；D.performance表现。结合上文Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity可知心流状态可以把枯燥的练习变成一种自娱自乐的活动，即心流状态下是享受完成任务的过程。故选A。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.reluctantly不情愿地；B.blindly盲目地；C.readily容易地；D.casually随便地。结合后文had an "autotelic personality"—a quality to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow.可知拥有"自成性格"的人更容易进入心流状态。故选C。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.advantages优势；B.difficulties困难；C.details细节；D.faults故障。结合上文those without such a personality see可知没有"自成性格"的人看到了困难，而有目的的人看到了培养技能的机会。故选B。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.rewards奖励；B.expectations期望；C.complaints投诉；D.contributions贡献。承接最后一句中taking the focus off of external rewards.可知有"自成性格"的人专注于任务而不是外部奖励。故选A。
（12）考查副词及语境理解。A.Unexpectedly意外地；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Traditionally传统地；D.Fortunately幸运地。结合后文for those of us who aren't necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality，there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors.可知虽然我们不一定拥有自成性格，但是幸运地是（Fortunately），有证据表明心流状态可以被环境因素促进。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了想要掌握一项技能必须经历一遍又一遍的练习、批评反馈、修改和改进的循环。有的人能够集中精力练习这样的活动，而另一些人则觉得集中精力、耗费时间的工作令人沮丧。这主要是因为"心流状态"--一种完全投入到你正在做的事情中的感觉。文章介绍了心流状态的特点和容易进入心流状态的人的特点，以及有证据表明心流状态可以被环境因素促进。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
24~26.【答案】D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Each building could shelter hundreds of people—all sharing the same surname.（每栋建筑可以容纳数百人——他们都拥有相同的姓氏。）可知，客家土楼可以容纳数百人，这些人拥有同样的姓氏。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The Chinese frequently say， "A nearby neighbour is better than a distant relative." The earth-building-living Hakka have the best of both worlds，as neighbours are also relatives.（中国人常说："远亲不如近邻"。居住在土楼中的客家人拥有两全其美的优势，因为邻居也是亲戚。）可知，从这篇文章中我们可以了解到，与城市公寓相比，住在土楼里的最大优势是邻里关系密切。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The young and the middle—aged have left to earn money in the country's cities and towns，leaving many earth buildings largely depopulated.（年轻人和中年人离开去该国的城镇赚钱，使许多土楼的基本人口减少。）可知，根据最后一段，地球建筑正在消失是因为越来越多的人搬进了城镇。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是客家土楼的结构特点及其作用和意义，但是随着青壮年劳动力外出务工，使得土楼人口在很大程度上减少。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
27~29.【答案】D、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Object Placement部分第二句All object displays，cased or otherwise，must be viewable by all，including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.（所有的展品，不论是否装柜，都必须被所有人看到，包括身材矮小或坐在轮椅上的人。）可知，Glasgow Museums重视所有游客的体验。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Open Display部分第二句All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. （所有被确定为可能公开展示的物品都必须经过博物馆保安经理的检查并在物品对物品的基础上达成一致。）可知，公开展出的物品必须先得到博物馆的批准。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据Cased Objects部分第一句All cased displays should fall within the general optimum （最优的） viewing band of 750-2000 mm.（所有的展品都应该在750-2000毫米的最佳观察范围内。）可知，一位母亲和她10岁的儿子面对一颗950毫米高的玻璃柜里的钻石，可能都感到很舒服。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了这份文件规定了格拉斯哥博物馆的陈列标准。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
30~33.【答案】A、C、C、D
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段Between 2006 and 2019，around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top.In the 15 years before that，only about one-third went all the way to the top.（在2006年至2019年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）可知，在1991年到2004期间只有1/3的人登顶成功。由此可推知，如果1990年到2005年有900人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为：900×1/3=300人。故选A。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第五段If crowding slows climbers （as is expected），this increases their exposure to the elements，which should increase risk of an accident or illness，（如果拥挤减缓登山者的速度（正如预期的那样），就会增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，这就会增加发生事故或患病的风险。）可知，因为过度拥挤会增加登山者发生事故或患病的风险，所以这会让登山变得更困难。故选C。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government ＄11，000 permission to climb Everest. （登山者们表示担心，任何愿意向政府支付1.1万美元的人都可以攀登珠穆朗玛峰。）可推知，尼泊尔政府给予登山者无限制的许可，这可能是导致登山拥挤的原因。故选C。
（4）D.主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago，a new study finds. （一项新的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。）可知，本文主要讲述登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰的可能性是过去的两倍。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述目前攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。并简要介绍了导致登山者死亡或患病的原因。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
34~37.【答案】E、C、A、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后文When you're active，they send chemical signals telling your brain， "Hey，it's time to grow!" Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits，encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells（当你活动时，它们会发出化学信号告诉你的大脑，"嘿，是时候成长了！"最近的研究表明，体育活动对大脑有多种好处，鼓励新的脑细胞的诞生和生长，这些脑细胞为脑细胞提供氧气和血糖），可知表示"但当涉及到培养新的脑细胞时，越来越多的研究表明，当你锻炼时，你的肌肉会起作用"的选项E符合前后的语境，physical activity has multiple brain benefits是关键词，故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study，people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic （ 神经营养的） factor，a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells（在2016年美国国家老龄研究所的一项研究中，每周三天在跑步机上跑步45分钟的人能够激发他们的脑源性神经营养因子的增长，它是一种对新脑细胞起肥料作用的化学物质），可知表示"经过四个月的锻炼，他们的记忆力测试成绩有所提高"的选项C符合前后的语境，they代指people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文的little baby neurons don't get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells.With exercise，you get fully functioning adult brain cells（小婴儿的神经元不会变大，也不会与其他脑细胞建立数千个新的联系。有了锻炼，你就会得到功能完整的成年脑细胞）；以及前句Studies suggest that in younger adults，this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus（研究表明，在年轻人中，这会增加海马体），可知表示"从我们30多岁开始，一旦与年龄相关的大脑变化开始，锻炼有助于保持大脑细胞的存活时间，并用新细胞取代旧细胞"的选项A符合前后按照年龄阶段介绍的语境，故选A。
（4）主题判断题。根据后句If you're inactive，a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity，she says.And every bit counts（她说，如果你不是特别爱活动，在街区散步可能是鼓励神经可塑性的唯一途径。而且每一点进步都很重要），可知表示"再说一次，一点一点的积累会有很大的作用"的选项F符合前后的语境，every bit counts是关键词，故选F。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了进行体育锻炼对于锻炼大脑可以带来的好处。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
38.【答案】There is no point in complaining about the negative impact of the internet on risk-loving teenagers.
【解析】做某事没有意义there is no point in doing sth.；抱怨complain about；热爱冒险的青少年risk-loving teenagers；消极影响negative impact；陈述一般事实，用一般现在时。
故填：There is no point in complaining about the negative impact of the internet on risk-loving teenagers.
抱怨网络对热爱冒险的青少年的消极影响是无意义的。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
39.【答案】Although he failed to win the first prize in the competition，his ambition and determination impressed the judges.
【解析】虽然Although引导让步状语从句；未能fail to；获得一等奖win the first prize；他的雄心与决心his ambition and determination；让裁判们印象深刻impress the judges；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。
故填：Although he failed to win the first prize in the competition，his ambition and determination impressed the judges.
虽然他未能在比赛中获得一等奖，但他的雄心与决心都让裁判们印象深刻。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
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