2022-2023学年云南省昭通市彝良一中高三（下）第三次质检英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年云南省昭通市彝良一中高三（下）第三次质检英语试卷（含解析），共18页。

2022-2023学年云南省昭通市彝良一中高三（下）第三次质检英语试卷

A
Beijing,with co-host Zhangjiakou in neighboring Hebei Province,will host the 2022 Winter Olympics.That will benefit the capital as well as its residents （居民），so the below are something to be expected from the Winter Olympic Games.
Blue skies
It is highly expected that hosting the Winter Olympic Games will push Beijing to reduce pollution and improve the air quality more effectively.
Beijing began carrying out a five-year plan from 2013 that cost 130 billion US dollars to upgrade heating systems,cut car emissions （排放） and close heavy-polluting factories.Such efforts will not only be made in Beijing but in a neighboring Hebei and Tianjin as well,as suggested by a development action plan to integrate （结合） the three places.Hopefully,blue skies will become a regular feature even after the Games.
Transportation
Although Beijing is the host city of the 2022 Winter Games,Chongli county of Zhangjiakou will host some of the snow events.
The capital region is likely to benefit from investments in infrastructure （基础设施），including the Beijing-Zhangjiakou intercity railways,expansion of Beijing subway systems,upgraded highway networks and another regional airport.
Winter sports
Beijing's vision is to develop a winter sports market for more than 300 million people in northern China.
With a rich legacy left by the summer Olympics,China plans to reuse 11 of 12 venues built for the 2008 Olympics and only needs to build a new rink for speed skating,effectively easing possible problems of facilities （设施） being left after the Games.
Transformation （转变）
On the back of the Winter Olympics,the Beijing municipal government is looking at fostering sports-related industry as a new growth driver to power its economy.
The goal is to integrate W3 the Winter Games with sustainable development plans for the wider region,focusing on clean energy,green technology,and improvement in ecology W4 and air quality.
Tourism
The country's plan to develop a winter sports industry will enhance Zhangjiakou's reputation as a tourist destination by upgrading its transportation system and facilities,such as hotels and restaurants.
1. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. How Important the 2022 Winter Games Is
B. What Have Been Done for the 2022 Winter Games
C. When and Where to Hold the 2022 Winter Games
D. What to Expect from the 2022 Winter Games
2. What does the underlined word "idle" probably mean in the text？ ______
A. Lazy. B. Not in use.
C. Not serious. D. Not working hard.
3. "By 2025，around 600，000 new jobs will appear." can be an example for " ______ ".
A. Transportation B. Winter sports C. Transformation D. Tourism
B
    Many years ago, I bumped into an old friend of mine. He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful. In his middle age, he seemed defeated and sad.
    I thought of his dogged (顽强的) perseverance. Was it smart or foolish? What could he have achieved? Had he quit his dream of acting and moved on? Our culture does not look kindly upon quitting. Failure is perfectly acceptable as long as it eventually results in success.
    We chant (反复喊着) "Winners never quit" and "If at first you don't succeed, try again." We lap up (欣然接受)  stories of persistence, of the author who submitted stories for years before her novels were published or of the athlete who trained since childhood to win gold at the Olympics.
    Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published. For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (无数的) others who trained every day of their lives and never made the cut.
    We all agree that doing the same things and expecting a different result is unwise. So why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good idea? We consider quitting in the face of failure to be weak. We believe that perseverance is the key to success. Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success.
    Our society believes that anything is possible, as long as you "believe". But not everyone can make it. Quitting when you're not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do. Obviously, if you enjoy a pursuit, regardless of its outcome, you should continue. If you knew your novel would never be published, would you want to write? If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you still train? Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.
    Failure is not always the path to success. Sometimes, failure is the door to something new.
4. What do we know about the author's old friend?
A. He was dissatisfied with his acting performance.
B. He switched his dream of acting to something else.
C. He failed in acting because of a lack of persistence.
D. He failed in all attempts to become a successful actor.
5. The author mentioned JK Rowling mainly to ______.
A. explain how she achieved success in writing
B. show that success doesn't happen to everyone
C. prove that success favors those who are perseverant
D. encourage readers to hold onto their dream until they succeed
6. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in paragraph 4?
A. Made out of their dreams. B. Met the required standard.
C. Improved their performances. D. Promised to be good players.
7. What does the author advise us to do if we've failed many times?
A. Make an effort to try new things.
B. Stick to your goal until we succeed.
C. Wait for the right time and good luck.
D. Ask friends or family members for help.
8. What is the author's attitude toward perseverance?
A. It makes anything possible.
B. It is not necessary for success.
C. It is not the only part of success.
D. It works well regards of outcome.
C
The different parts of a health care system have different focuses.A hospital's stroke（中风）unit monitors blood flow in the brain.The cardiac unit is interested in that same flow，but through and from the heart.Each collection of equipment and data is effective in its own field.Thus，like the story of blind men feeling an elephant，modern health care offers many separate pictures of a patient，but rarely a useful united one.
    On top of all this，the instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive，as is the training required to use them.That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly，for early signs of illness，so patients are at risk of heart disease or a stroke.
    An unusual research project called AlzEye，run by Moorfields Eye Hospital in London，in cooperation with University College，London （UCL），may change  this.It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which signals about the health of other organs could be discovered.The doctors in charge of it，Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane，are studying Moofields' database of eye scans，which offers a detailed picture of the health of the retina（视网膜）.
    The project will go a step further：With the information about other aspects of patients' health collected from other hospitals around England，doctors will be able to look for more accurate signs of disease through eye scans.
    The Moorfields data set has lots of linked cases to work with--far more than any similar project.For instance，the UK Biobank，one of the world's leading collections of medical data about individual people，contains 631 cases of a "major cardiac adverse event".The Moorfields data contain about 12，000 such.The Biobank has data on about l，500 stroke patients.Moorfields has 11，900.For the disease on which the Moorfields project will focus to start with dementia，the data set holds 15，100 cases.The only comparable study has 86.
    Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that show the emergence of disease elsewhere in the body.If such patterns could be recognized reliably，the potential impact would be huge.
9. Why does the author mention "the story of blind men feeling an elephant" in Paragraph 1？       
A. To claim the ineffectiveness of our health care system.
B. To tell the similarity in various health care units.
C. To explain the limitation of modern health care.
D. To show the complexity of patients' pictures.
10. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 3 refer to？       
A. The challenge of making advanced medical instruments.
B. The high risk of getting a heart disease or a stroke
C. The inconvenience of modern health care service.
D. The incomplete and expensive health monitoring.
11. How does AlzEye work？       
A. By thoroughly examining one's body organs.
B. By identifying one's state of health through eye scans.
C. By helping doctors discover one's diseases of the eye.
D. By comparing the eye- scan data from different hospitals.
12. What can be inferred about the Moorfields's project from Paragraph 5？       
A. It takes advantage of abundantly available medical data.
B. It makes the collection of medical data more convenient.
C. It improves the Moorfields' competitiveness in the medical field.
D. It strengthens data sharing between the Moorfields and the Biobank.
D
Despite the countless differences between people's characters and careers，or their likes and their dislikes，it seems that we are all connected in this wonderful life by one thing：namely，seeking happiness.
    Happiness means，naturally，different things to different people.For myself，happiness is synonymous（同义的）with horse riding，Cadbury's Creme Eggs and spending time with my friends.Some people are at their happiest at home，while others find their happiness through travelling far-off foreign lands.Happiness can be as simple as a surprise bunch of fresh flowers or a really strong coffee，just when you need it most.Sometimes，happiness comes from spending time with loved ones；for others，it's having a well-earned quiet night at home，with nothing but a comfortable bed for company.
   Since it comes in so many shapes and sizes，it's sometimes easy to take happiness for granted.It is especially true if it's been " one of those days".Maybe you overslept，missed the bus and had to walk to school in the rain，only to be told that you were late.Or perhaps，because of work，you had to cancel plans with friends，despite looking forward to seeing them for ages.Forgotten keys，delayed flights，an argument with your parents，illness or injury…all very frustrating，and understandably guaranteed to make you feel unhappy.
    Luckily，there are a few simple，scientifically proven ways to make the glass seem half-full again.To start with，things like trying out cycling or walking instead of driving to work and listening to music are great moodboosters（情绪助推器）.Volunteering and getting involved with a charity are two ways in which you can become happier through helping others.Last，but certainly not least，try hugging your way to happiness；it's been suggested that we humans need a minimum（最少的）of five hugs a day.If you've been having a bad day，there's nothing better than a good old bear-hug.
13. What would be the main idea of Paragraph 2？       
A. Happiness comes from different things.
B. Fresh flowers can give you a surprise.
C. Some people enjoy themselves at home.
D. It is pleasant to spend time with close friends.
14. The underlined part " one of those days" may refer to a day when        .
A. it is easy to be happy B. you go to work on time
C. you have a coffee at home D. you tend to be sad at your life
15. To tell us that people are easy to take happiness for granted，the writer        .
A. performs an experiment B. provides some examples
C. tells an interesting story D. brings up some problems
16. Where does the passage come from？       
A. In a scientific report. B. In an advertisement.
C. In a guidebook. D. In a novel.
Can't Resist Junk Food?
​​​​​​​Study Suggests You Try This Simple Trick     You're tired and hungry. Then you catch a whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. It is fried chicken!   (1)   A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
    Let's take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes?   (2)   And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
    The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e.g. cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g. strawberry smell).   (3)   That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
      (4)   When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced. The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
    So next time you're feeling you don't have the will power to resist that French fries, it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.   (5) 
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It's a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D.It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G.The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
21.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
At 10 am,I was sitting in a large hotel.I got to meet my（1） ______ Tony Hawk.I woke up early in the morning I was excited but also a little（2） ______ .Tony Hawk was considered to be one of the most successful pioneers of modern skateboarding and I had（3） ______ him since I first saw him on television.I left my home（4） ______ what it would be like to meet him.I arrived at Tony's hotel and（5） ______ two teens.I learnt that they were also Tony's fans and would attend this interview.（6） ______ ，we had taken part in the same group-the world was small.After a short talk,we started to（7） ______ going over all the questions we would ask Tony.
Shortly after we（8） ______ and organized the most important questions,there was a knock at the door.I started to（9） ______ .I could not get over the（10） ______ that I was about to meet the best skateboarder.Tony Hawk walked in and sat down.I was very nervous（11） ______ somehow was able to introduce myself.He was（12） ______ and gave us honest answers to all our questions.Throughout the interview I kept（13） ______ ，wow,he was so cool.Most people in his position might be proud but he was（14） ______ down-to-earth（朴实的）.He also told us if we never（15） ______ and worked hard,our dreams would come true.
After the interview,he left.He was（16） ______ because he had to attend an important meeting.I was so happy to have had this（17） ______ to interview this great skateboarder,who had got so many（18） ______ in the world.I would never forget this（19） ______ and could not wait to get home and（20） ______ it with my family and friends.
22.  A. teacher B. hero C. friend D. guide
23.  A. puzzled B. frightened C. nervous D. sad
24.  A. recognized B. missed C. admired D. called
25.  A. warning B. doubting C. proving D. wondering
26.  A. came across B. looked after C. turned to D. watched out
27.  A. Hopefully B. Amazingly C. Finally D. Obviously
28.  A. leave B. perform C. move D. work
29.  A. answered B. picked C. threw D. faced
30.  A. ask B. shout C. shake D. laugh
31.  A. project B. suggestion C. fact D. news
32.  A. but B. as C. so D. and
33.  A. shy B. simple C. friendly D. cold
34.  A. discussing B. thinking C. guessing D. reporting
35.  A. partly B. hardly C. normally D. really
36.  A. continued on B. gave up C. turned up D. came back
37.  A. busy B. quiet C. lonely D. stressed
38.  A. excuse B. reason C. chance D. plan
39.  A. smiles B. gifts C. friends D. awards
40.  A. game B. idea C. experience D. lesson
41.  A. replace B. share C. exchange D. spread
42. （1）         10：20 am，July 24，Saturday，2021，the first gold medal of the 2020 Olympics was officially won by China's Yang Qian in Japan.Yang Qian earned gold in the women's 10-meter air rifle （步枪） to take home（2）         long-awaited first medal.The 21-year-old is a rising star in the sport.Yang， （3）         was ranked sixth in the qualification，scored 251.8 points in the final， （4）         （beat） Russian Galashina's 251.1 points to set off Team China to a fine start at the postponed Tokyo games.As the first champion of the 2020 Games，Yang（5）         （award） her medal by International Olympic Committee （IOC） president Thomas Bach.
    "It's an（6）         （believe） thing that I can be here.The competition was（7）         （real） tight，but I'm so happy that I could win，" Yang said after （8）         （claim）the first gold medal of the Games and for China. "I'm so happy that this golden medal is a gift for my country.I'm so proud." But she had to keep calm （9）         （do） it. "During the match，I was very nervous and my heart was beating very fast，but I just tried to be （10）         （I） and keep my emotions in control." the shooter added.
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43. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
    I live with my husband in San Luis Obispo，California，about three miles from the beach.Every few years，the humpback  whales come into the bay for a few days while they're migrating.November 2020 was one of those times，so we took out our yellow double  kayak（皮艇）to watch the wildlife.We  paddled out the length of the pier（码头）and saw seals，dolphins，and about 20 whales feeding on silverfish.We were in awe watching these graceful giants—each one about 50 feet long—breach and spray through their blowholes.We laughed when they turned their side fins so that it looked as if they were waving at us.
    At the time，my friend  Liz was staying with us.The next day，I asked her if she wanted to go out on the  water to see them.
    "No way，" said Liz，now 65.She was not an experienced kayaker and was  terrified that the kayak would overturn while we were surrounded by hungry whales. "There's nothing to worry about，" I assured her. "The craft is stable，and we can turn back anytime.I've learned somewhere that whales have enormous  mouths but tiny throats.Anything they can't swallow they  spit right out." After some cajoling（劝诱），she finally agreed to join me.I didn't want her to miss this magnificent  experience and regret it later.
    Liz and I got out on the water at 8：30 the following morning.There were already about 15 other kayakers and paddleboarders in the bay.It was warm for November，so we wore T-shirts and leggings.After a half-hour，we had our first whale sighting just past the pier：two humpbacks swimming toward us.How amazing to be that close to a creature that size，I thought as the whales dipped under the waterline.
    When whales go down after breaching，they leave what looks like an oil slick on the water.I figured if we paddled toward that spot，we'd be  safe from the whales，since they'd just left.We followed them at a distance—or what I thought was a distance.I later found out that it's recommended to keep 300 feet away.We were more like 60 feet away.

注意：（1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
（2）至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
    Suddenly，we felt our kayak rocking violently._______
Paragraph 2：
    Still，I didn't panic and I just kept thinking I've got to breathe in this "white wall"._______
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）D.标题归纳题。第一段"That will benefit the capital as well as its residents （居民），so the below are something to be expected from the Winter Olympic Games."（这将使首都和它的居民受益，所以下面是对冬季奥运会的一些期待）是全文的主题句，结合下文从五个方面介绍了2022冬奥会所期待给人们生活带来的改变，可知这篇文章主要讲了人们对2022年冬奥会有什么期待。"对2022年冬奥会有什么期待"最适合作文章标题。故选D。
（2）B.词句猜测题。根据划线词前的句子"With a rich legacy left by the summer Olympics,China plans to reuse 11 of 12 venues built for the 2008 Olympics and only needs to build a new rink for speed skating"（由于夏季奥运会留下了丰富的遗产，中国计划重新利用为2008年奥运会建造的12个场馆中的11个，只需要建造一个新的速滑溜冰场）可知举办夏季奥运会所遗留的设施将得到充分的利用，可推知划线词所在句子意思是"有效缓解奥运会后设施闲置可能出现的问题"，"idle"意思是"没有被使用"。A．Lazy懒的；B．Not in use没有使用；C．Not serious不严重；D．Not working hard工作不努力。故选B。
（3）C.推理判断题，根据Transformation部分"On the back of the Winter Olympics,the Beijing municipal government is looking at fostering sports-related industry as a new growth driver to power its economy."（在冬奥会的背景下，北京市政府正着眼于培育体育相关产业，将其作为推动经济增长的新驱动力）可推知"到2025年，将会出现大约60万个新就业机会"可以成为"转型"的一个例子。故选C。
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要从五个方面介绍了2022冬奥会所期待给人们生活带来的改变。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~8.【答案】D、B、B、A、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要论述的是当屡试屡败的时候放弃，转向其他事物也是明智的。
1. 根据第一段的He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful.（他把一生都献给了表演，但从未获得过成功。在他的中年，他似乎失败和悲伤。）可知，作者的老朋友想成为一名成功的演员的一切努力都失败了。故选D。

2. 推理判断题。根据第四段的Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published.（坚持会得到成功的回报，但这并不会回报每一个人。对于每一个JK罗琳来说，都有成千上万的有抱负的作家永远无法出版自己的作品。）可知，作者提到JK罗琳主要是表明成功是不会发生在每个人身上的，故选B。

3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段的Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person.（坚持会得到成功的回报，但这并不会回报每一个人。）和For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (无数的) others who trained every day of their lives and never made the cut.（对于每一个奥林匹克运动员来说，都有无数的人每天训练，却从没有……）可知，本段主要讲的是不是每个人都会成功，因此划线短语所在句子的意思是“虽然无数的奥林匹克运动员每天训练，但是却不成功”，也就是不一定会达到标准，划线短语的意思是“符合要求的标准”，故选B。

4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Quitting when you're not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do.（当你没有领先的时候放弃有时候是最聪明的做法。）和Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.（有时候，把你的精力放在其他事情上是明智的。）可知，如果我们失败了很多次，作者建议我们努力尝试新事物。故选A。
5. 观点态度题。根据倒数第三段的Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success.（坚持不懈只是成功的一部分。你需要天赋或技能，以及激情和动力。运气和时机也是任何伟大成功的关键。）可知，作者认为是坚持不懈不是成功的唯一的一部分，还需要天赋或技能，激情和动力以及运气和时机，故选C。

9~12.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第一段modern health care offers many separate pictures of a patient，but rarely a useful united one. （现代医疗保健提供了许多病人的单独照片，但很少是有用的联合照片）可知，盲人摸象的例子是为了解释现代医疗检查很少能全面地提供患者的整体情况，因此具有局限性，故选 C。
（2）B.代词猜测题。根据第二、三段That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly ，for early signs of illness，so patients are at risk of heart disease or a stroke.An unusual research project called AlzEye，run by Moorfhelds Eye Hospital in London，in cooperation with University College，London （UCL），may change this. （这一综合成本太高，医疗系统无法定期扫描疾病的早期迹象，因此患者有患心脏病或中风的风险。伦敦摩尔菲尔德眼科医院与伦敦大学学院合作开展的一个名为AIzEye的不同寻常的研究项目可能会改变这一现状。）可知，this指代上文提到的"患心脏病或中风的高风险"，故选B。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第三段"It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which signals about the health of other organs could be discovered.The doctors in charge of it  ，Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane，are studying Moorfields' database of eye scans ，which offers a detailed picture of the health of the retina.（它试图用眼睛作为窗口，通过它可以发现关于其他器官健康的信号。负责这项工作的医生西格弗里德●瓦格纳和皮尔斯●基恩正在研究莫尔菲尔德的眼睛扫描数据库，该数据库提供了视网膜健康的详细图片）"可知，AlzEye的工作模式是通过比较不同医院的眼部扫描数据来辨别一个人的健康状况，故选D。
（4）A.推理判断题。根据第五段"The Moorfields data contain about 12，000 such.The Biobank has data on about 1，500 stroke patients.Moorfields has 11，900.For the disease on which the Moorfields project will focus to start with dementia  ，the data set holds 15，100 cases.The only comparable study has 86.（Moorfelds的数据包含大约12000个这样的数据。生物银行有大约1500 名中风患者的数据。Moorfields有11900个。对于Moorfelds项目将重点关注的痴呆症，该数据集包含15100个病例。唯一的可比研究有86个）"可知，Moorfelds的项目较同类项目充分利用了更多现存的数据，故选A。
本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章介绍了一个试图通过眼睛扫描信息来发现疾病早期迹象的研究项目。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

13~16.【答案】A、D、B、A
【解析】1．A．段意归纳题．该段主要讲到人们感到幸福的原因各种各样，故A项的意思和题意相符．故选A．
2．D．词义猜测题．根据该段第一句可知，人们容易对幸福想当然，再结合下文谈到的一些情况可以推知，此处指"对生活感到伤心的一天"．．故选D．
3．B．推理判断题．文章第三段第一句Since it comes in so many shapes and sizes，it's sometimes easy to take happiness for granted．提到人们对幸福想当然，下面列举了一系列例子，故B项为正确答案．故选B．
4．A．推理判断题．根据句子的大意，作者主要就"追求幸福"的话题进行了探讨，同时也用了一些科学研究的方式来论证这个问题，所以文章应该出现在"一篇科学报告"中．而B、C、D分别为"在广告中、在旅行指南中、在一篇小说中"，均不符合．故选A．
本文是一篇议论文．生活充满了喜怒哀乐，充满了失败与成功，也充满了希望与绝望．生活是一个学习的过程，它告诉我们许多的真理．
阅读理解考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

17~21.【答案】A、D、G、E、F
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。
1. 根据下一句A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品，所以本句与等待时间有关，故A选项（但是在预定之前先等一下）符合题意。故选A。
2. 根据前文连发的两个问句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人，那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢？根据下一句And recent science says that this is this is actually the right moment to walk away.（最近的科学研究表明，现在正是离开的最佳时机。）可知，这恰恰是要离开的时刻，故D选项（它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了）符合题意。故选D。
3. 根据本段开头The results of a series of experiments...compared with healthy smell (e.g. strawberry smell).（一系列实验的结果，包括在超市和中学自助餐厅的实地研究，表明长时间暴露在垃圾食品的气味中（超过两分钟）会使人产生不良反应。（例如，饼干的味道）与健康的味道相比，不健康食品的购买量更低。（例如，草莓的气味）。可知，一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，在进行客观结果描述，所以排除易错选项F，同时，下一句在解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。因此设空处要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。故G选项（大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显）符合题意。故选G。
4. 根据下一句When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced.（当检测健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。）可知，空格内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故E选项（然而，健康食物的味道就不一样了。）符合题意。故选E。
5. 根据前句it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.（最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟香甜的味道）可知，F选项（闻到味道与吃到它是一样可以满足愿望的。）承接自然，话题一致。故选F。

22~41.【答案】B、C、C、D、A、B、D、B、C、C、A、C、B、D、B、A、C、D、C、B
【解析】（1）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.teacher教师；B.hero英雄；C.friend朋友；D.guide导游。结合句意:上午10点,我坐在-家大旅馆里。我见到了我的英雄,托尼霍克。根据下文Tony Hawk was considered to be one of the most sccesful pioneers of modern skateboarding and I had _ (3)_ him since I first saw him on television.以及they were also Tony's fans可知,Tony Hawk作为滑板运动的先锋人物,是作者心中的英雄( hero)。故选B项。
（2）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.puzzled迷惑的；B.frightened害怕的；C.nervous紧张的；D.sad悲伤的。结合句意:我很兴奋,但也有点紧张。托尼霍克被认为是现代滑板运动最成功的先驱之一。根据下文I was very nervous _ (11)_somehow was able to introduce myself.可知，作者很兴奋,但也有些紧张( nervous)。故选C项。
（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.recognized辨认出；B.missed错过；C.admired钦佩；D.alled打电话。结合句意:托尼霍克(Tony Hawk)被认为是现代滑板运动最成功的先驱之一,从我第一次在电视上看到他起,我就对他产生了崇拜。根据上文Tony Hawk was considered to be one of the most succesful pioneers of modern skateboarding以及下文内容可知,作者很崇拜( admired )他。故选C项。
（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.warning警告；B.doubting怀疑；C.proving证明；D.wondering想知道。结合句意:我离开了家,心里想着见到他会是什么样子。根据空后的what it would be like to meet him可知,作者出发时一直好奇 ( wondering )这次见面将会怎样。故选D项。
（5）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.came across碰见；B.looked after照看；C.turned to转向；D.watched out观察。结合句意:我到了托尼住的旅馆,碰到了两个十几岁的孩子。根据下文I learnt that they were also Tony's fans and would attend this interview可知,作者碰见( came across )另外两个青少年。故选A项。
（6）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.Hopefully满怀希望地；B.Amazingly令人惊奇地；C.Finally最后；D.Obviously明显地。结合句意:令人惊奇的是,我们参加了同一个小组一世界很小。根据下文we had taken part in the same group-the world was small可知，令人惊奇的是,作者和另外两个青少年曾经参加过同一个团体。故选B项。
（7）D.考查动词及语境理解。句意:简短的谈话之后,我们开始工作，回顾了所有要问托尼的问题。A.leave离开；B.perform表演；C.move移动,搬家；D.work工作。根据下文going over all the questions we would ask Tony可知，他们开始工作( work) ,重温需要问Tony的问题。故选D项。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.answered回答；B.picked摘；C.threw扔；D.faced面对。结合句意:在我们挑选并组织好最重要的问题后不久，就有人敲门了。根据下文的organized the most important questions可知，他们在挑选( picked )和组织最重要的问题。故选B项。
（9）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.ask问；B.shout叫喊；C.shake摇动；D.laugh笑。结合句意:我开始发抖。根据下文I was very nervous可知，作者非常紧张,听到敲门声,意识到他崇拜的人来了，就紧张得发抖( shake)。故选C项。
（10）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.project项目，计划；B.suggestion建议；C.fact事实；D.news消息。结合句意:我无法接受我将要见到最好的滑板手这一事实。根据空后的that I was about to meet the best skateboarder可知，作者即将采访最优秀的滑板运动员这一事实(fact )令他怎么也平静不下来。故选C项。
（11）A.考查连词及语境理解。A.but但是；B.as作为；C.so因此；D.and并且。结合句意:我很紧张，但不知怎么的我还是做了自我介绍。可知，作者非常紧张，可是仍设法介绍了自己。根据前后文可知，此处为转折关系，因此选but。故选A项。
（12）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.shy害羞的；B.simple简单的；C.friendly友好的；D.cold寒冷的。结合句意:他很友好，诚实地回答了我们所有的问题。根据下文的gave us honest answers to all our questions可知,Tony很友好( friendly) ,回答了所有问题。故选C项。
（13）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.discussing讨论；B.thinking认为；C.guessing猜；D.reporting报道。结合句意:在整个采访过程中,我一直在想,哇,他太酷了。根据下文wow,he was so col可知,在整个采访过程中,作者-直在想 ( thinking )他好酷啊!故选B项。
（14）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.partly部分地；B.hardly几乎不；C.normally正常地；D.really真地。结合句意:大多数像他这样的人可能会感到骄傲,但他真地很脚踏实地。根据语境but表示转折前后为相反关系，前面是大多数人的骄傲和真地脚踏实地相反。可知，作者觉得Tony是真正 ( really )朴实的人。故选D项。
（15）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.continued on继续；B.gave up放弃；C.turned up出现；D.came back回来。结合句意:他还告诉我们,如果我们永不放弃,努力工作,我们的梦想会实现。根据下文our dreams would come true可知,Tony告诉作者如果他们不放弃( gaveup) ,好好努力,梦想就会实现。故选B项。
（16）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.busy忙的；B.quiet安静的；C.lonely孤独的；D.stressed有压力的。结合句意:面试结束后,他离开了。他很忙,因为他要参加一个重要会议。根据下文because he had to attend an important meeting可知,他很忙(busy)。故选A项。
（17）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.excuse借口；B.reason理由；C.chance机会；D.plan计划。好句意:我很高兴有机会采访这位世界上获得过很多奖项的优秀滑板运动员。根据空后的to interview this great skateboarder可知,作者非常高兴有这个机会( chance )来采访Tony。故选C项。
（18）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.smiles微笑；B.gits礼物；C.friends朋友；D.awards奖励。根据上文的this great skate boarder以及文章第二段第二句中 one of the most successful pioneers of modern skateboarding可知,此处是对Tony Hawk的介绍,作为在滑板上有一定成就的选手,Tony Hawk获得过许多奖( awards)。故选D项。
（19）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.game比赛；B.idea主意；C.experience经历；D.lesson教训。结合句意:我将永远不会忘记这段经历,并迫不及待地回家与我的家人和朋友分享。根据上文可知,作者获得了一次采访他的偶像 Tony Hawk的机会,这是作者难以忘记的经历( experience )。故选C项。
（20）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.replace代替；B.share分享；C.exchange交换；D.spread蔓延。根据语境可知,作者迫不及待地想回到家里，与他的家人以及朋友分享( share )这次经历。故选B项。
本文是一篇人生感悟类文章。本文讲述了作者一次采访偶像的经历。作者和另外两个青少年在酒店里采访了他崇拜的著名滑板选手Tony Hawk。Tony Hawk真诚地回答了他们的提问,并鼓励了他们。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。

42.【答案】【小题1】At
【小题2】the
【小题3】who
【小题4】beating
【小题5】was awarded
【小题6】unbelievable
【小题7】really
【小题8】claiming
【小题9】to do
【小题10】myself
【解析】（1）考查介词。句意：2021年7月24日星期六上午10：20，中国选手杨倩在日本正式夺得2020年奥运会的第一枚金牌。根据时间状语10：20 am可知，表示时间点，用介词at。故填At。
（2）考查冠词。句意：杨倩在女子10米气步枪比赛中获得金牌，捧回了期待已久的首枚奖牌。分析句子可知，此处特指前句中的the first gold medal，应用定冠词the。故填the。
（3）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在资格赛中排名第六的杨倩在决赛中获得251.8分，击败了俄罗斯加拉希纳的251.1分，为中国队在推迟一年举行的东京奥运会上创造了一个良好的开端。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，Yang为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
（4）考查现在分词。句意：在资格赛中排名第六的杨倩在决赛中获得251.8分，击败了俄罗斯加拉希纳的251.1分，为中国队在推迟一年举行的东京奥运会上创造了一个良好的开端。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Yang与beat之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填beating。
（5）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：作为2020年奥运会的首位冠军，杨倩由国际奥委会主席托马斯•巴赫亲自颁奖。本句描述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时，主语Yang与谓语award为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was awarded。
（6）考查形容词。句意："我能来到这里是一件难以置信的事情。比赛非常激烈，但我很高兴我能赢，" 杨倩在为中国获得本届奥运会首枚金牌后说道。形容词修饰名词，根据句意以及an可知，应用形容词unbelievable，作定语。故填unbelievable。
（7）考查副词。句意："我能来到这里是一件难以置信的事情。比赛非常激烈，但我很高兴我能赢，" 杨倩在为中国获得本届奥运会首枚金牌后说道。此处修饰形容词tight，应用副词，作状语。故填really。
（8）考查动名词。句意：我能来到这里是一件难以置信的事情。比赛非常激烈，但我很高兴我能赢，" 杨倩在为中国获得本届奥运会首枚金牌后说道。after为介词，后接动名词，作宾语。故填claiming。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：但她必须保持冷静才能做到。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to do。
（10）考查反身代词。句意：在比赛中，我非常紧张，我的心脏跳得非常快，但我只是努力做我自己，控制我的情绪。分析句子可知，主语与宾语表达同一个人时，宾语为反身代词。主语为I，应用myself。故填myself。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国选手杨倩射落东京奥运会首金。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

43.【答案】Paragraph 1：
Suddenly，we felt our kayak rocking violently.A tightly packed swarm of fish，started jumping out of the  water into our  kayak.Their movement sounded like crackling glass all around us.We then realized，to our wide-eyed horror，that the  whales were charging toward us.【高分句型一】I tried，with all my might，to  pedal to safety，only to find we were in the middle of nowhere.Our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet，bracketed by massive jaws.Liz and I slipped out of the kayak into the whale's  mouth.My body was engulfed except for my right arm and my paddle.Fright however，deprived Liz，my poor partner，of her ability to speak，to think and to fight.（作者和朋友Liz乘坐皮艇出海看鲸鱼时，遇到险情）
Paragraph 2：
Still，I didn't panic and I just kept thinking I've got to breathe in this "white wall".My previous knowledge about whales proved to be true.As soon as the whale dipped underwater，it  spit us out，and we popped back up onto the surface about a foot apart.The entire ordeal lasted only about 10 seconds.And I felt so blessed that we were both all fours. "I thought we were dead!" Liz said.We were not，of course.But I am much more aware of the power of nature and the ocean than I was before.Liz was shaken up，likening the ordeal to a near-death experience.【高分句型二】But even she had to laugh when she got home that afternoon and realized she'd brought back a souvenir.When she pulled off her shirt，six silverfish flopped out.（作者摆脱险境的过程）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的家乡加利佛尼亚的海湾里有很多鲸鱼。一天，作者邀请朋友Liz和自己一起出海看鲸鱼，中途遇到险情，最后成功摆脱危险境地。
高分句型一：We then realized，to our wide-eyed horror，that the  whales were charging toward us.
翻译：然后，我们惊恐地睁大眼睛，意识到鲸鱼正在向我们冲来。
分析：本句使用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：Liz was shaken up，likening the ordeal to a near-death experience.
翻译：Liz被吓了一跳，把这场磨难比作濒死体验。
分析：本句使用了现在分词短语likening the ordeal to a near-death experience作状语。
解题方法点拨
 （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。