所属成套资源:2023年中考英语专项复习(习题+答案)
2023年中考英语 压轴题07 动词的语态(习题+答案)
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压轴题07 动词的语态题型/考向一:以具体的语境为主题型/考向二:被动语态句型及构成题型/考向三: 主动表被动 一、被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…)English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)?—Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?—Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 二、被动语态的构成时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成?现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理,所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时,道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热,水会变成蒸气。三、几种特殊的被动语态的用法种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时,省去的to要加上。The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时,指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后;指物的宾语变为主语时,指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。I was given a present.A present was given to me.含短语的动词短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时,变被动语态时,介词、副词不能丢。The young man was sent away from school. 1.(2023·江西·模拟预测)—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish?—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.A.separates B.should separateC.was separated D.should be separated2.(2023·江苏南京·模拟预测)A new factory ________ to deal with water pollution last month.A.was built B.will be built C.has been built D.has built3.(2023·江苏南京·模拟预测)The film The Battle At Lake ChangjinⅡ has received high praise since it ________ on screen.A.put B.is put C.was put D.will be put4.(2023·安徽合肥·统考一模)—What did Tony’s headteacher call you for just now?—She said Tony _________ for making lots of trouble at school.A.punished B.was punished C.has punished D.be punished5.(2023·上海·九年级专题练习)Paper decorations ________ from the ceiling in every classroom last week.A.were hanged B.were hung C.had been hanged D.had been hung6.(2023·上海虹口·统考一模)Unless you avoid charging your cellphone all the time, the battery inside it ________ easily.A.damages B.is damaged C.will damage D.will be damaged7.(2022春·江西景德镇·八年级景德镇一中校考期末)Many more libraries ________ in our city in the next five years.A.built B.are built C.were built D.will be built8.(2023·江苏徐州·校考一模)—Mary, why are you in the classroom? All your classmates are on the bus.—I’m sorry, but I ________ what time to get on the bus.A.am told B.didn’t tell C.haven’t told D.wasn’t told9.(2022·湖北武汉·统考二模)A large number of foreigners from different countries ________ on the streets of Chang’an during the Tang Dynasty.A.would be found B.has been found C.is found D.could be found10.(2022·湖北襄阳·统考一模)—Do you have Liu Cixin’s latest books?—Sorry, they ________. But we’ll get some more next week because they ________.A.sell out; sell well B.are sold out; sell wellC.sell out; are sold well D.are sold out; are sold well11.(2022·江苏连云港·统考二模)—Have you heard that the big event ________ until next year? —Yes, I have. Because the disease is very serious all over the world.A.is put off B.was putted offC.would be put off D.will be put off12.(2022·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考模拟预测)It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ______ in Guangdong in the future.A.will be built B.build C.will build D.build13.(2022·安徽合肥·统考二模)It’s hoped that our dream ________ in the future. A.realizes B.will realize C.is realized D.will be realized14.(2022·九年级单元测试)During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.A.is found B.had been foundC.could be found D.would be found15.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考二模)—Mom, may I watch the movie The battle at Changjin Lake(《长津湖之战》)this evening?—Of course, if your homework ________.A.finished B.will finish C.is finished D.was finished16.(2022秋·九年级单元测试)We arrived at the train station. But we ________ that the train had been canceled because of the bad weather.A.told B.tell C.are told D.were told17.(2022·江苏盐城·校考一模)—It’s so tiring to wash clothes by hand. When can we use the washing machine?—Not until it ________ tomorrow.A.repairs B.will repair C.is repaired D.will be repaired18.(2022春·江西景德镇·八年级景德镇二中校考期中)—Music and Art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true? —Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.A.will pay B.will be paid C.pays D.is paid19.(2023·江苏扬州·校考一模)—A lot of money ________ for the old man’s operation online.—Yes, but the medicine cost ________ a lot, so we still need to get more for him.A.raised; rose B.was raised; has risenC.was risen; has raised D.was raised; rose20.(2022秋·河北石家庄·九年级统考期中)Yang Lan is ________ the best student in Class Six.A.thinking of B.regarded as C.ended up D.put up21.(2022秋·河北石家庄·九年级石家庄市第四十二中学校考期中)Food safety is very important to us. More rules about it ________ in the future.A.have made B.should make C.were made D.should be made22.(2022·江西吉安·统考一模)—I’d like some beef noodles, please.—Sorry, sir. Beef noodles ________ only for breakfast.A.serve B.served C.are served D.were served23.(2022·广西百色·统考二模)So far, many people’s lives ________ with the help of the doctors and nurses.A.are saved B.were saved C.will be saved D.have been saved24.(2022·江西南昌·校考一模)They ________ from their parents when they were very young. So they can’t even remember their parents’ faces now.A.are separated B.separated C.had separated D.were separated25.(2022春·江苏盐城·九年级校联考期中)The boy is often heard ________ in the music room.A.practise singing B.practised singing C.to practise singing D.practise to sing26.(2023·全国·模拟预测)—Do you know the Tuttosport Golden Boy Trophy (奖杯)?—Yes, it’s an award which ________to the best player in Europe under the age of 21.A.is given B.has givenC.gives D.will give27.(2023·湖北·统考一模)—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike!—Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it.A.didn’t clean B.isn’t cleaned C.was cleaned D.wasn’t cleaned28.(2023·安徽合肥·统考一模)The students________hand in their homework on time by their teacher.A.were made B.was made to C.were made to D.made to29.(2023·天津西青·校考一模)My advice on how to go over English________ by my class yesterday.A.accepts B.is accepted C.accepted D.was accepted30.(2023·云南昆明·模拟预测)— Can you hand in your writing tomorrow?— I can make it if I ________ one more day.A.am given B.give C.will give D.will be given 参考答案:1.D【详解】句意:——妈妈,我能帮你把垃圾拿出去吗?——确定。但是首先应该把它们分成不同的种类进行回收。考查时态和语态辨析。主语“it”与动词separate之间是动宾关系,用被动语态;结合常识可知此处讲垃圾应该先被分类,用含情态动词should的的被动语态,其结构为should be done。故选D。2.A【详解】句意:上个月建了一个新工厂来处理水污染。考查动词时态和语态。主语A new factory与谓语动词之间是动宾关系,表示“被建立”,用被动语态,且由“last month”可知,用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选A。3.C【详解】句意:电影《长津湖之水门桥》自从上映以来就获得了高度的好评。考查被动语态。根据“The film The Battle At Lake ChangjinⅡ has received high praise since it...on screen”可知since引导的时间状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时;再分析主语和动词可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。4.B【详解】句意:——托尼的班主任刚才打电话给你干什么?——她说托尼因为在学校制造很多麻烦而受到惩罚。考查被动语态。根据“She said Tony...”可知,此处是宾语从句,主句时态为一般过去时,从句也要用相应的过去时态;且从句主语“Tony”与动词punish存在被动关系,所以此处要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done;主语为“Tony”,应用was。故选B。5.B【详解】句意:上周每个教室的天花板上都挂上了纸装饰。考查被动语态。根据last week可知,用一般过去时,主语Paper decorations与动词hang之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构,hang的过去分词是hung,故选B。6.D【详解】句意:除非你一直避免给手机充电,否则手机内的电池很容易损坏。考查一般将来时的被动语态。此题是由unless引导条件状语从句,如果主句是将来时或表示将来含义时,从句要用一般现在时。此题的主句的主语the battery与动词damage之间是被动关系,因此应该用被动语态,这里的主语用一般将来时,故此处是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。7.D【详解】句意:在未来五年内,我们城市将建更多的图书馆。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in the next five years”可知,本题是一般将来时;主语“Many more libraries”和谓语“build”之间是被动关系,因此本题用一般将来时的被动语态,结构是“will be done”。故选D。8.D【详解】句意:——Mary,你为什么在教室里?你所有的同学都在公共汽车上。——对不起,没人告诉我什么时候上车。考查被动语态。主语I与动词tell之间是被动关系,根据“why are you in the classroom? All your classmates are on the bus”及“what time to get on the bus”可知,过去没有人告诉我上车的时间,要用一般过去时被动语态,故选D。9.D【详解】句意:在唐朝的长安街上,能够发现大量来自不同国家的外国人。考查情态动词的被动语态。结合选项分析语境,主语foreigners和谓语find之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态:be+动词的过去分词,又根据“during the Tang Dynasty.”可知,动作发生在过去,根据语境,这里表达“能够被找到”,用情态动词could。故选D。10.B【详解】句意:——你们有刘慈欣的新书吗?——抱歉,它们卖光了。但是下周我们会多买一些,因为它们卖得很好。考查动词短语以及语态。sell out售罄;sell well卖得好。主语they与动词短语sell out之间是被动关系,故第一空应填被动语态be done的结构。sell well无被动语态,故选B。11.D【详解】句意:——听说这个大项目要推迟到明年吗? ——是的,我听说了。因为这个疾病在全世界都很严重。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语next year “明年”, 可知,句子时态为一般将来时态;主语the big event和动词put off是被动关系, 故句子为一般将来时的被动语态, 其结构是:will be +过去分词。故选D。12.A【详解】句意:据悉,未来广东将建设一所大湾区大学。 考查一般将来时被动语态。主语one Greater Bay Area university与动词build之间是被动关系,且“in the future”是一般将来时的标志词,此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构,故选A。13.D【详解】句意:希望我们的梦想在将来能实现。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in the future”,可知句子时态用一般将来时,主语是our dream和谓语动词之间存在被动关系,此处是一般将来时的被动语态,其结构是will be done的形式,realize“实现”,是动词,过去分词是realized,故选D。14.C【详解】句意:在唐代,世界上生产的几乎所有东西都可以在长安的街道上找到。考查被动语态。主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语“During the Tang Dynasty”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,且这里表示“可以、能够被找到”,故选C。15.C【详解】句意:——妈妈,今晚我可以看电影《长津湖之战》吗?——当然,如果你的作业完成了。考查时态和语态。主语“your homework”与谓语动词finish是被动关系,用被动语态,结构是be+done,排除A和B;根据“this evening”可知,事情在将来发生,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主语是不可数名词,be动词用is。故选C。16.D【详解】句意:我们到了火车站。但我们被告知由于天气不好,火车已经取消了。考查被动语态。we与动词tell之间是被动关系,根据“had been”可知,主句用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构,故选D。17.C【详解】句意:——用手洗衣服太累了。我们什么时候可以使用洗衣机?——直到明天修好。考查动词时态。此句是until引导的时间状语从句,主将从现,此句应用一般现在时,根据“it …. tomorrow”可知主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,用被动时态,即此句时态为一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。18.D【详解】句意:——音乐和艺术进入中考,是真的吗?——是的。但是别担心。如果对它们给予更多关注,没有什么是困难的。考查时态和语态。根据答句中的“if”可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句,主句“Nothing will be difficult”为一般将来时,故从句的时态应为一般现在时。从句的主语“more attention”和动词“pay”之间是被动关系,所以语态为一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are+done。故选D。19.B【详解】句意:——网上为老人的手术筹集了很多钱。——是的,但是药费涨了很多,所以我们还需要再给他筹集一些。考查动词辨析,时态和语态。raise筹集;rise上升。根据“A lot of money”可知,表示“筹钱”,排除C;与动词raise之间是动宾关系,第一空用被动语态,排除A。再由“but the medicine cost...a lot, so we still need to get more for him”可知,过去医药费上涨,应用动词rise,并对现在造成了影响“需要再筹集一些钱”,所以第二空用现在完成时。故选B。20.B【详解】句意:杨澜被认为是六班最好的学生。考查动词短语辨析和被动语态。thinking of想起;regarded as被视为;ended up结束;put up搭起。分析句子结构可知,这里的主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,排除A;根据“the best student in Class Six.”可知,这里应该是被认为是最好的学生。故选B。21.D【详解】句意:食品安全对我们来说非常重要。未来应该制定更多的规则。考查被动语态。主语more rules与动词make是被动关系,故此处应用被动语态,排除A和B选项。此处表示应该制定更多的规则,表示一种建议,应用含有情态动词should的被动语态结构,故选D。22.C【详解】句意:——请给我一些牛肉面。——对不起,先生。牛肉面只在早上供应。考查一般现在时的被动语态。beef noodles与动词serve是被动关系,陈述事实句子用一般现在时,此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done的结构。故选C。23.D【详解】句意:到目前为止,在医生和护士的帮助下,许多人的生命被挽救了。考查被动语态。根据So far可知,此句用现在完成时,主语与动词save之间是被动关系,故此处用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done的结构,故选D。24.D【详解】句意:当他们很小的时候,就跟父母分开了。所以他们现在甚至不记得父母的脸。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“... when they were very young.”可知描述过去的事,用过去的某个时态,They与separate之间应该是动宾关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。25.C【详解】句意:人们经常听到这个男孩在音乐室练习唱歌。考查被动语态和动词短语。be heard to do sth.意为“被听到做某事”,practise doing sth.意为“练习做某事”,故选C。26.A【详解】句意:——你知道Tuttosport Golden Boy奖杯吗?——是的,这是在欧洲颁发给那些在21岁以下的最优秀的运动员的。考查被动语态。因先行词an award在从句中做主语并且是谓语动词的承受者,故用被动语态;本句是一般现在时,所以这里是一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。27.D【详解】句意:— —哦,你的房间太脏了,迈克! — —对不起,妈妈。昨天没有打扫。我忘了做。A为一般过去时,主动语态;B为一般现在时的被动句;C为一般过去时的被动句;D为一般过去时的被动句。根据yesterday.可知,本题的时态为一般过去时,因此排除B;再根据I forgot to do it. 我忘了做。说明没有打扫房间,因此排除C;句中的主语It是代指上文的your room,your room做主语,应该用被动语态,选项A为主动语态,排除,故选D。28.C【详解】句意:学生被老师要求按时上交作业。考查被动语态。were made被让;was made to被让,主语是单数;were made to被让;made to形式错误。根据句意以及“by their teacher”可知,老师要求,是动作的发出者,学生被要求按时交作业,是动作承受者,所以此句是用被动语态,D错误;make sb. do sth.的被动态是be made to do sth.,A错误;“The students”主语是复数,B错误。故选C。29.D【详解】句意:我关于如何复习英语的建议昨天被我班接受了。考查被动语态。由语境可知,“My advice on how to go over English”与动词“accept”之间存在着被动关系,因此应该用被动语态,排除A/C;再由yesterday可知,此题应该用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是:was/were+动词的过去分词。故选D。30.A【详解】句意:——你明天能交作文吗?——如果再给我一天时间,我就能做到。考查条件状语从句和被动语态。空格处为if引导的条件状语从句,时态上遵循“主将从现”,所以从句用一般现在时,排除选项C和D;又因为从句主语和谓语give之间是被动关系,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词”,主语为I,be动词用am,故选A。
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