【期末专题复习·广州专版】（牛津版）2022-2023学年七年级英语下学期：专题05 阅读理解说明文（题型解读+期末专题练习）

这是一份【期末专题复习·广州专版】（牛津版）2022-2023学年七年级英语下学期：专题05 阅读理解说明文（题型解读+期末专题练习），文件包含期末专题复习牛津版2022-2023学年七年级英语下学期专题05-阅读理解说明文题型解读+期末专题练习解析版docx、期末专题复习牛津版2022-2023学年七年级英语下学期专题05-阅读理解说明文题型解读+期末专题练习原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
【题型解读】
一．说明文文体特征：
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
二．阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息：
A. 说明的对象
B. 说明对象的特征
C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法）
三．解题技巧：
首先，通过观察首、尾段，抓关键句及归纳总结段落大意来确定文章说明对象、
其次，通过篇章、段落之间和句子之间的逻辑关系分析问题产生的原因以及针对问题提出的建议。
最后，通过作者的观点、建议、目的或者解决方案作为结论总结全文。
【专题过关】
1.（2022春·广东广州·天河区七年级统考期末）It’s natural fr peple t talk with each ther in wrds. Can ther living things t? What abut animals? The answer is surprisingly “Yes”. Sme animals can use sunds and bdy mvements t talk, and sme animals can even speak wrds! Accrding t the news n the New Yrk Times, a 22-year-ld elephant in Suth Krea culd “talk”, that is, he picked up sme wrds frm his human caretakers. And pet dgs r cats can, t. A quick search n the Internet will give yu a lt f shrt vides f dgs saying “hell”, “I lve yu”, and even “I want my mmmy.”
Can trees talk t? Yes—but nt in wrds. It may sund strange, but sme trees really try t talk with each ther in ther ways. Willws（柳树）are the best-knwn f these trees. When insects begin biting a willw, the tree sends ut a special smell a nce. This smell tells the ther willws that dangerus insects are cming near. All f them quickly make a chemical in their leaves. This chemical is bad fr the insects. The insects d nt like it and will fly away sn. In this way, the willws prtect themselves frm the insects.
Next time when yu take a walk in the frest, listen r watch carefully. Maybe the animals r trees are talking t each ther in their wn ways. Isn’t nature amazing?
1．Hw des the writer shw the animals can talk in Paragraph 1?
A．By shwing numbers.B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stries.D．By giving reasns.
2．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A．The smell.B．The leaf.C．The chemical.D．The insect.
3．What is the main idea f this article?
A．Animals and trees are very amazing.
B．Hw animals learn wrds frm peple.
C．Hw trees prtect themselves frm insects.
D．Animals and trees can talk in their wn ways.
4．In which part f a science bk can we find this article?
A．Natural wrldB．GegraphyC．Earth histryD．Plants
2.（2022春·广东广州·海珠区七年级统考期末）
If yu think that life is very bad fr yu, yu can think in a psitive way, that is, t think abut what is gd. We smetimes feel sad r wrried because we think in a negative way, which means always thinking abut bad things.
It is imprtant t shift thse negative ideas int smething psitive. If we dn’t, mre “bad things” will keep happening t us.
It is ften very hard t think psitively when s many bad things are all arund yu, but I can tell yu that smene is wrse than yu smewhere. We can chse t think differently by beginning with the smallest steps.
If yu keep ding psitive things during the whle day, yu will stay away frm bad feelings. With practice, yu will change yur ideas and chse t be happy.
Here are sme examples fr yu t practice.
※ Begin and end each day with a sentence “Thank yu fr this wnderful day.”
※ When it rains heavily, say “I am s glad that I have my umbrella with me.”
※ When yu can’t g t schl because f COVID-19, say “I am s happy we can still have the nline lessns.
※ If yu are having different ideas with yur parents, say “I have friends t talk abut my prblems.”
※ Write dwn what yu’re thankful fr each day. When yu are feeling really sad, read what yu wrte befre. This will help yu feel better. If yu practice this every day, yu will find that yur list will get lnger and lnger.
“Life is what yu make it, s try t make it beautiful.”
5．The underlined wrd “shift” in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means _________.
A．thinkB．mveC．turnD．thrw
6．Yur mther says, “Yur sister plays the pian better than yu and yu have t practice mre like her.” If yu feel unhappy, which can be the best way t help yu accrding t the passage?
A．By saying “What a frightening day it is!” t yurself.
B．By writing dwn “I want t give up playing the pian.”
C．By telling yur mther that yu dn’t want t talk t her.
D．By talking with yur friends abut it t get sme advice.
7．What can be the best title f this passage?
A．Make Yurself HappierB．Life Can Be Dreams
C．Practice Makes PerfectD．Enjy Yur Schl Life
3.（2022春·广东广州·增城区七年级统考期末）Right nw, yu prbably spend mst f yur time in schl. D yu wnder what yu are ging t d after high schl? Will yu cntinue schling? Will yu learn a trade? Maybe it is time t think abut yur chices and t prepare fr them. Smeday wrk will be a big part f yur life.
What kind f jb wuld be right fr yu? Think abut yur interests and yur skills. Yu may like t listen t music, dance, r wrk with cmputers. Yu may knw hw t drive a car. Knwing bth yur interests and skills will help make a better plan fr yur career.
T get t knw what wrk yu wuld like t d, make a list (清单) f yur interests and a list f yur skills. Think abut what yu have dne t be successful in yur interests. After that, brainstrm a list f career chices that might match yur interests and skills.
Rberta Zhan, an art designer, likes her jb because it allws her t use her interests and skills. She tk art, design, and cmputer lessns, and als learned abut taking phts n her wn.
Here is what she says abut the meaning f wrk, “If yu have a jb yu like, wrks mean much mre than just making mney. It means using yur talents, making a cntributin (贡献), and getting a real sense f satisfactin frm ding a jb.”
8．The passage is mst prbably written t __________.
A．parentsB．designersC．teachersD．students
9．At the beginning, the writer intrduces the tpic f the passage by __________.
A．listing factsB．giving examples
C．explaining differencesD．asking questins
10．Rberta Zhan might be mst interested in __________ when she was at schl.
A．singing sngsB．creating pictures
C．playing basketballD．playing cmputer games
11．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The real meaning f skills.
B．The jurney f Rberta’s life.
C．The imprtance f interests and skills.
D．The way f preparing fr the future career.
4.（2022春·广东广州·荔湾区七年级统考期末）D yu find that yur kids read the same wrd many times in a bk and try hard t sund it ut the next time they see it? Will yu get angry when listening t yur kids learn t read?
It turns ut yu are nt alne. Scientists have fund that it is hard fr parents t patiently sit by and listen t their kids try t read. That’s why yu need a reader dg.
Listening is an imprtant skill fr a reader dg. A reader dg is a dg that listens and helps kids with their reading at schls and libraries. Scientists have learned that dgs can help kids wh have truble reading t cl dwn. When cling dwn, kids can read wrds crrectly. That makes it easier fr them t learn frm what they are reading. Kids als knw that dgs wn’t talk abut their reading. S, kids feel better abut their reading when they read t a dg.
T becme a reader dg, a dg has t g thrugh many steps with its wner. The dg has t learn t fllw rders. Fr example, the dg needs t sit, stay, and lie dwn when they’re tld. Als, the dg’s wner has t pass sme tests. The wner and dg need t wrk tgether as a team.
Want t read t a dg but dn’t have ne f yur wn? Bk a reader dg fr yur kids nline right nw! Then mre kids than ever can make their reading better—and have fun—by reading t a dg.
12．When listening t kids learn t read, parents are mre likely t be ________.
A．happyB．impatientC．afraidD．careful
13．What can we learn abut reader dgs frm Paragraph 3?
A．They help kids sund ut wrds they dn’t knw.B．They make kids feel better abut their reading.
C．They bark whenever kids say a wrd wrng.D．They can crrect the mistakes made by kids.
14．What d yu need t d if yu want t wn a reader dg?
① help train the dg t fllw rders ② pass sme tests
③ learn t keep the dg cl dwn ④ wrk with the dg
A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④
15．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．Reader dgs are trained t help with kids’ reading.
B．Parents shuld buy reader dgs fr their kids as gifts.
C．Parents’ reading skill shuld be as gd as reader dgs’.
D．A dg must pass sme tests if they want t becme a reader dg.
16．Wh is the passage mainly written fr?
A．Scientists.B．Parents.C．Kids.D．Teachers.
5.（2022春·广东广州·花都区七年级统考期末）
Pyang Lake is China’s largest fresh-water lake. Accrding t the news n China Yuth Netwrk n Octber 9, 2019, there was a large land instead f a big lake. The lake came t its dry seasn, much earlier than befre. When the land came ut, it drew many walkers t the area. But fishermen culd n lnger make a living, and peple living nearby faced water shrtages.
Yu are wrng if yu think this will nt happen again. Tw-thirds f China’s cities nw face water shrtages. And abut 300 millin peple living in the cuntryside drink unhealthy water.
The water shrtage in the wrld lks even sadder. By 2030, abut half f the wrld ppulatin culd be facing water shrtages, said Ban Ki-mn at the Budapest Water Summit in Hungary.
Think abut ur children and ur children’s children. We shuld try t make the wrld a better place. T deal with the prblem, Ban calls n peple t use water in a sustainable way. “Farmers shuld learn t get ‘mre crp per drp’ by using gd irrigatin technlgies（灌溉技术）. And als, gvernments shuld deal with the prblem with all ther players, including everyne, “Ban said.
Hw can we help? It’s simple: d nt waste even a drp f water! Fr example, turn ff the tap while yu are brushing yur teeth, drink up bttled water befre yu thrw the bttle away, and dn’t pur ut water that can be reused. If we can remember and fllw this, we will make a difference.
17．Which f the fllwing can shw the structure（结构）f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
18．The underlined wrd “sustainable” in Paragraph 4 means ________.
A．envirnment-friendlyB．cnvenientC．well-knwnD．different
19．What des the underlined wrd “this” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Dn’t pur ut water that can be reused.B．Make gd use f every drp f water.
C．D nt waste any water in the bttles.D．Turn ff the tap while brushing teeth.
20．The writer writes this passage t ________.
A．call n peple t save waterB．talk abut sme water prblems
C．tell us why water shrtages happenD．shw the imprtance f Pyang Lake
6.（2022春·广东广州·七年级广东番禺中学统考期末）We ften have practice fr a fire at schl, and we all knw the dangers f fires. But it’s gd and necessary fr a family t learn hw t prepare fr a fire. Here are suggestins.
Put a smke alarm in the huse. Smke frm a fire causes the alarm t g ff. The alarm makes a lud sund. The sund tells everyne t leave the huse at nce.
Make escape（逃脱）plans. We shuld knw all the ways ut f the huse. If there is a fire, everyne fllws the plan t get ut. Part f the plan is t check all the windws t make sure they can be pened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers（灭火器）. Everyne in the family shuld knw hw t use them.
Practice fr a fire. We d fire practice because we teach children abut fire safety. Everyne in the family shuld knw the fllwing fire rules:
Dn’t pen a ht dr! The fire can grw mre quickly if yu pen the dr.
Stay clse t the flr! Smke can be mre dangerus than fire. The best is near the flr because smke rises.
What will yu d if yur hair r clthes start t burn? First, stp! Dn’t run! The fire burns faster because f mre air. Drp! Fall t the flr. Then rll! Turning ver and ver will make the fire g ut.
There are many pssible causes（起因）f fires. A wise family is ready fr a fire all the time.
21．If the smke alarm in the huse ges ff, we shuld ________.
A．stay at hmeB．leave the huse
C．pen the windwsD．break the windws
22．If yur hair r clthes catch fire, the right steps shuld be ________.
A．stp, run, rllB．stp, drp, rllC．run, drp, rllD．rll, drp, stp
23．There are ________ suggestins given in the passage.
A．twB．threeC．furD．five
24．The best title fr the passage shuld be ________.
A．Be Ready fr a FireB．The Causes f a Fire
C．Learn t Use a Fire ExtinguisherD．The Dangers f a Fire
7.（2022春·广东广州·白云区七年级统考期末）
Trees prduce xygen fr all living things. Trees help t clean the air, sil and water, making the Earth a beautiful livable place. It’s time t save trees and prtect frests.
Saving trees arund yu
Every twn and city has laws abut prtecting trees, and tell peple which tree species need prtecting and when and hw it’s OK t cut dwn trees. In sme areas, rare r very beneficial trees are prtected by law. Knwing the laws in yur area will help yu better prtect the trees there.
Take part in tree plantatin
As imprtant as it is t prtect grwn-up trees, it’s als necessary t think ahead and plant new trees. They will finally get tall enugh t clean the air and help keep temperatures cl. Many twns and cities have rganizatins wrking t plant trees.
If yur twn r city desn’t have an rganizatin like that, why nt start ne yurself? Tree by tree, yu can make a difference.
Reduce paper use
It’s imprtant t start seeing the cnnectin between the trees yu lve and the prducts yu use. If yu’re crazy abut saving trees, lk fr ways t use fewer paper prducts in yur daily life:
● Use clth twels instead f paper twels. It’s a simple change that can reduce a lt f unnecessary waste.
● Use reusable cntainers instead f paper lunch bags.
● If yu must use a paper prduct, always buy the recycled ne. Chse the paperless ways fr bills. This simple change will make yur life better and reduce the number f dead trees.
25．What des the underline wrd “They” in paragraph 3 refer t in the passage?
A．Grwn-up trees.B．Rare trees.C．Very beneficial trees.D．New trees.
26．What is the crrect way t save trees?
A．Chsing paper bills.B．Using recycled paper prducts.
C．Never cutting dwn trees.D．Using paper lunch bags.
27．In which sectin f newspaper will yu prbably read this article?
A．EnvirnmentB．EducatinC．FashinD．Travel
28．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T ask peple t save trees.B．T ask peple t plant mre trees.
C．T ask peple nt t cut dwn trees.D．T ask peple t use fewer paper prducts.
8.（2022春·广东广州·黄埔区七年级统考期末）Many peple dream f ging n a challenging（有挑战性的）travel. Mst f them keep dreaming; thers make it happen. Gregg Bleakney dreamed f bike riding frm Nrth America t Suth America after finishing a pleasant bike ride. S did Gregg’s friend, Brks Allen.
T pay fr the trip, the tw friends wrked fr years. When they were n the rad, they ften camped utdrs r stayed in cheap htels. In many places, lcal peple pened their hmes t the tw friends and gave them fd.
During their trip, Gregg and Brks rde thrugh deserts, rainfrests, and muntains. They visited mdern cities and ancient buildings. On the way they met ther bicyclists frm all ver the wrld. After sme time Brks had t return t the USA near the bttm f Suth America and Gregg cntinued withut him. In May 2007, Gregg reached his gal. He traveled twelve cuntries and finished the 30,500-kilmeter trip.
Gregg and Brks kept a recrd f their trips in a blg. The trips taught bth men a lt abut traveling.
________:
Travel light. The less luggages（行李）yu have, the less yu’ll wrry abut them.
Get ready. Dn’t plan everything. Always be ready fr smething ut f plan. Then yu’ll be mre relaxed and happier, even when yu meet sme challenges alng the way.
Be plite. As ne traveler tld Gregg, “Always remember that nbdy wants t fight r cheat a nice persn.”
Anything wrth ding needs time, energy and actin. If yu hld n t yur dream, yu can make it like that f Gregg and Brks and have fun while yu’re at it.
29．Hw did Gregg and Brks travel frm Nrth America t Suth America?
A．By bike.B．On ft.C．By bus.D．By car.
30．Why did the tw friends wrk fr years befre their trip?
A．Because they wanted t buy new cars.B．Because they wanted t knw abut the trips.
C．Because they wanted t make mney fr the trip.D．Because they wanted t make mre friends.
31．What happened during the trip t Suth America?
A．Gregg and Brks ften stayed in expensive htels.
B．Brks had t return t the USA when in the middle f Nrth America.
C．Brks and Gregg finished the 30,500-kilmeter trip.
D．Gregg and Brks met ther bicyclists frm all ver the wrld.
32．Which f the fllwing may we put in the blank “________” in Paragraph 4?
A．Here is a reprt f Gregg and Brks.
B．Here is sme f Gregg and Brks’ advice.
C．Here are sme f Gregg and Brks’ diaries.
D．Here are sme f the cities and buildings n their trips.
33．Which is Nt mentined abut the trip in the tw men’s blg?
A．Be a nice persn.B．Travel with less luggage.
C．Have dream in yur trip.D．Be ready fr sme difficulties.
9.（2022春·广东广州·南沙区七年级统考期末）
The Amazn is the wrld’s biggest rainfrest. It is in Suth America. It is s wide that it cvers a little mre than the half size f China! The Amazn River runs thrugh the rainfrest. It’s the wrld’s secnd lngest river. The Amazn cvers much f Brazil. The green clr n the natinal flag f Brazil stands fr the rainfrest.
Hwever, climate change（气候变化）and human activities make it “sick”. Usually, the rainfrest can fix itself. But nw, it feels t “tired” t get better. Accrding t a new study, many trees there may die, and the Amazn rainfrest may turn int ht, dry grassland in a few years.
Why is the Amazn “sick”?
The Amazn is ne f the wrld’s wettest places. But since 2005, three drughts have hit the rainfrest. They were caused by climate change. The trees dn’t have enugh water t grw. What’s wrse, as they becme dry, they can easily catch fire.
Besides, peple cut dwn rainfrest trees fr wd. They burn the frest t make farmland. All these kind f activities made abut 17% f the rainfrest disappear.
___△___
The Amazn is like the lungs（肺）f ur planet. The rich plants there take carbn dixide (CO2) ut f the air and make xygen. They make mre than 20% f the planet’s xygen. If the Amazn “dies”, there will be mre CO2 and ur Earth will becme even htter.
The Amazn is als hme t ver 3 millin animals and plants. Many f them can’t live anywhere else. They wuld very likely just disappear.
34.Accrding t the passage, what is NOT the reasn that makes the Amazn rainfrest “sick”?
A. There are many frest fires.B. Climate changes.
C. Peple cut dwn trees.D. T many animals and plants live there.
35.What will happen if the Amazn rainfrest dies?
A. Peple will lse their lungs.B. Many animals and plants will die.
C. We will feel clder.D. There will be mre xygen.
36.What des the underlined wrd “drughts” mean in paragraph 4?
A. t little rainB. t little snwC. t much rainD. t much fire
37.Which f the fllwing statements is NOT true?
A. The Amazn rainfrest is in Suth America.
B. The Amazn is the wrld’s biggest rainfrest.
C. The Amazn River is the wrld’s lngest river.
D. Mre than 1000 kinds f birds live in the Amazn.
38.Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank (___△___) in the passage.
A. Where is the Amazn?
B. Wh lives in the Amazn?
C. Hw can we prtect the Amazn?
D. What will happen if we lse the Amazn?
10.（2022春·广州中学小创班七年级下期末）
Big data (数据) is a lt f sets f infrmatin that are put tgether s they can be used by a cmputer prgram. The cmputer prgram lks fr different kinds f answers r patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds f infrmatin frm many surces, such as infrmatin that cmes frm schls, scial media sites, cmpanies and gvernments. One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses. Anther set can have what they like, where they g t schl, and hw much time they spend n the cmputer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The gvernment uses it t understand hw many peple travel n buses r trains. This infrmatin is then used t make bus r train systems better. Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s thse students can succeed in schl. Cmpanies use big data, t. It helps them understand wh buys their prducts. Fr example, ne cmpany uses weather data t see when peple eat the mst ice cream.
Big data can be used fr gd reasns. Sme hspitals use big data t predict if a baby wh is brn t early will get sick. The hspital can then take extra steps t take care f that baby s he r she des nt get sick. Big data can als be used fr bad reasns. It can be used t predict which kinds f peple are likely t break the law r hurt thers, even if they have nt dne anything wrng.
Hw can big data be used fr gd and bad thing? It is because the cmputer prgrams are written by peple. Peple think in a certain way, and they build a mdel f thse ideas. These ideas are then used t lk at the data. Smetimes, these ideas are helpful fr peple r businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause prblems fr certain grups f peple.
39. Big data can have different kinds f infrmatin frm many surces. Infrmatin that cmes frm ________ is nt mentined (提及) in this passage.
A. schls B. gvernments C. plice statins D. hspitals
40. One cmpany uses weather infrmatin t ___________.
A. help children in need
B. find ut wh take the bus r train
C. knw when peple will visit the hspital
D. understand when peple will need ice cream
41. The main idea f Paragraph 3 is that ____________.
A. we can use big data in a number f ways
B. big data can be nly used fr gd reasns
C. big data can be used fr bth gd and bad reasns
D. we can use big data t stp babies frm getting sick
42. The passage is mainly abut ____________.
A. what big data is and hw it is used
B. what schls and hspitals peple like
C. where imprtant data is cllected and stred
D. hw big data is cntrlled by gvernments and cmpanies
43. This passage is _____________.
A. sad and persnal B. persnal and scientific
C. infrmative but silly D. scientific and infrmative (提供有益信息的)