2022-2023学年上海市复兴高级中学高一下学期期中英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市复兴高级中学高一下学期期中英语试卷含解析，共38页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 2022学年第二学期期中考试
高一英语试卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. They came in five different colors. B. They were good value for money.
C. They were a very good design. D. They were sold out very quickly.
2. A. She is exhausted. B. She is near-sighted.
C. She cannot finish work in time. D. She cannot go straight home.
3. A. The man has left a good impression on her family.
B. The man can dress casually for the occasion.
C. The man should buy himself a new suit.
D. The man’s jeans and T shirts are stylish.
4. A. Its price. B. Its location. C. Its comfort. D. Its facilities.
5. A. The woman is too particular about food.
B. He would rather have a meal an hour later.
C. The woman should order her food quickly.
D. He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.
6. A. It must be missing. B. It was left in the room.
C. The man took it to the market. D. She placed it on the dressing table.
7. A. Take a break. B. Refuel his car.
C. Ask the way. D. Have a cup of coffee.
8. A. One box of books is found missing. B. Some of the boxes arrived too late.
C. Replacements have to be ordered. D. Some of the books are damaged.
9. A. The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.
B. The man did not expect his paper to be graded so soon.
C. Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.
D. Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.
10. A. Sam has a big family to support.
B. Sam is not interested in traveling.
C. The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.
D. The work hours in the travel agency are too long.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To give customers a wider range of choices.
B. To make shoppers see as many items as possible.
C. To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.
D. To save space for more profitable products.
12. A. Many of them buy things on impulse.
B. Few of them are fathers with babies.
C. A majority of them are young couples.
D. Over 60% of them make shopping lists.
13. A. Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.
B. Sales assistants following customers around.
C. Customers competing for good bargains.
D. Customers losing all sense of time.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They appear upset. B. They lose consciousness.
C. They become angry. D. They die almost instantly.
15. A. To succeed while feeling irritated.
B. To feel happy without good health.
C. To be free from frustration and failure.
D. To enjoy good health while in dark moods.
16. A. They are closely connected.
B. They function in a similar way.
C. They are too complex to understand.
D. They reinforce each other constantly.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. How he became an announcer. B. How he writes news stories.
C. How he makes his living. D. How he does his job.
18. A. They write the first version of news stories.
B. They gather news stories on the spot.
C. They polish incoming news stories.
D. They write comments on major news stories.
19. A. Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.
B. Having little time to read the news before going on air.
C. Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.
D. Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.
20. A. It shows where advertisements come in.
B. It gives a signal for him to slow down.
C. It alerts him to something important.
D. It serves as a reminder of sad news.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (25%)
Section A (5%)
1. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于许多困难的问题要解决，新当选的总统日子很不好过。动词不定式to settle作定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在被解决的难题。所提供的语境the newly-elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题，所以要用to settle作定语。故选C项。
【点睛】with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。
with结构：with + 宾语（名词或代词）+ 宾补（介词短语，形容词，副词现在分词，过去分词，不定式）,是一个独立主格结构，在句中做状语，可表原因，伴随等。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
With a lot of work to do, I have no time go out with you.(不定 式表将来动作)有许多工作要做，我没时间和你一起出去。
We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)
2. The shuttle Columbia was heading home when tragedy struck, _________ America and the world _________ what went wrong.
A. to leave, to wonder B. leaving, wondering
C. leaving, to wonder D. to leave, wondering
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：悲剧发生时，哥伦比亚号航天飞机正准备返航，美国和全世界都想知道出了什么问题。第一空是描述前面句子的内容产生的结果，作结果状语，伴随前面的谓语动词的发生而产生，因此用现在分词形式，故排除A项和D项。leave在句中表示“造成，使留下（某种后果）”，用固定短语leave sb. doing sth.，意为“造成某人……”，第二空需填现在分词形式。故选B。
3. _________ by a serious illness, the patient had to lie in bed for a few days.
A. Wearing out B. To wear out C. To be worn out D. Worn out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：病人因重病而疲惫不堪，不得不在床上躺了几天。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处为非谓语作原因状语，主语为patient，wear out意为“使精疲力竭；使疲乏”，根据介词by可知，此处主语与动词间存在被动关系，应使用过去分词。故选D。
4. All the department managers of the company were studying the plan that they would like to see _________ into practice the next month.
A. to put B. put C. to be putting D. putting
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：公司所有的部门经理都在研究一项计划，他们希望能在下个月付诸实施。分析句子可知，that引导定语从句，指代先行词plan在从句中作see的宾语，空处是宾语补足语部分，动词短语put into practice和plan之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，即they would like to see the plan put into practice，故选B。
5. The rumour of _________ in the scandal spread across the city.
A. there to be more employers involved
B. there being more employers involving
C. more employers being involved
D. more employers to be involved
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查分词作定语。句意：关于更多雇主正卷入丑闻的谣言传遍了整个城市。此处为分词作后置定语，名词employers与动词involve“使卷入”存在被动关系，且强调现在，应使用现在分词的被动式，表示被动和进行，形式为being involved，故选C。
6. _________ to enter the country using a false passport, he was arrested by border guards.
A. Caught trying B. Caught to try
C. Having caught trying D. Being caught to try
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图使用假护照入境时被边防警卫逮捕。 be caught doing 被抓到正在做某事，与逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作状语。故选A。
7. _________, her heart was beating faster and faster.
A. Listening to the coming footsteps
B. As she listened to the coming footsteps
C. When listening to the coming footsteps
D. To the coming footsteps as she listened
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：当她听到脚步声（越来越近）时，她的心跳得越来越快。根据句意和句子结构，as（当……的时候）引导的时间状语从句符合题意，故选B。
【点睛】
The integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer, thus___8___a new generation of portable minicomputers.
A to create B. created C. creates D. creating
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：集成电路将计算机的尺寸缩小了许多倍，从而创造了新一代便携式小型计算机。分析句子结构，此处为结果状语，主语circuit与动词create之间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词，表示自然产生的结果。故选D。
9. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest _________ on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
A. earn B. earned C. earning D. to earn
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：商业银行的大部分收入来自贷款利息以及股票和债券投资。空格处作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，interest与动词earn之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词。故选B。
10. Don’t you think it any good _________ in public places?
A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smoking
C. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不认为在公共场所禁止吸烟有什么好处吗？根据“think it any good”可知，此处用了固定句型it is no/any good doing sth.，因此forbid需用动名词形式，故排除B项和C项；forbid是及物动词，表示“禁止”，后面接名词或动名词，因此smoke用动名词形式。故选A。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Do you like to read crime thrillers or watch movies and TV series about solving criminal cases? It is not difficult to create suspense by making whoever is engaged in reading ____11____ (lose) in the twists and turns of the plots, but it demands a certain originality to come through with a criminal device which is picturesque or amusing enough to make the reader feel the waiting has been worthwhile. Detectives in traditional crime novels such as Sherlock Holmes mainly rely on their brains. No detail, ____12____ tiny it is, escapes the eyes of Holmes, and the deductive (推理的) approach he uses ____13____ (prove) highly efficient.
Modern crime fiction is about intellectual powers as well as science and technology. For example, the best-selling The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo has a computer hacker ____14____ its heroine. DNA, computer hacking, surveillance and counter surveillance — today’s crime fiction writers face a minefield of science and technology that is essential to the story but often hard ____15____ (describe) accurately. It is important for writers to do research and get their science straight. A leading US scientific organization is now offering a seal of approval for books that get it right. The organization is the Washington Academy of Sciences. Writers can submit their work to the organization, ____16____ it undergoes a thorough peer review.
President Jim Cole of the Washington Academy of Sciences once mentioned that many people encountered science through fiction and TV shows such as CSI, which often gave viewers the impression that technology ____17____ solve any crime. But science generally ____18____ (understand) by the public isn’t necessarily correct science. The more detailed an author gets into the technical issues, the riskier it all becomes.
However, should the story itself demand the viewers ____19____ (get) accurate scientific knowledge? What are our expectations for a crime novel, after all? A science lecture? Or a good story with suspense and plot twists? Besides, _____20_____ a crime novel is too realistic or descriptive and provides accurate scientific detail, won’t it become a manual for the perfect murder?
【答案】11. lost
12. however
13. proves 14. as
15. to describe
16. where 17. can
18. understood
19. get##should get
20. if
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了犯罪小说不需具备现实或描述性的原因。
【11题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：通过让任何参与阅读的人迷失在曲折的情节中来制造悬念并不困难，但它需要一定的独创性，才能想出一个画面如画或足够有趣的犯罪手段，让读者觉得等待是值得的。此处为make sb +adj结构，应使用形容词作宾补，lost“沉迷的、迷失的”，故填lost。
【12题详解】
考查连接副词。句意：福尔摩斯不会放过任何细节，无论多么微小，他使用的演绎(推理的) 方法证明是非常有效的。此处强调程度，however意为“无论多么”，修饰形容词，故填however。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：福尔摩斯不会放过任何细节，无论多么微小，他使用的演绎(推理的) 方法证明是非常有效的。此处prove为系动词“证明是，结果是”，主语为approach，为单数，根据前句时态is以及and可知，此处也应使用一般现在时，故填proves。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：例如，畅销书《龙纹身的女孩》中的女主角是一名电脑黑客。此处表示“作为，担任”，应使用as，故填as。
【15题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：如今的犯罪小说作家面临着一个科学和技术的雷区，这对故事至关重要，但往往很难被准确描述。根据sth is +adj+ to do“做某事是怎样的”，用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义，故填to describe。
【16题详解】
考查关系副词。句意：作家可以将他们的作品提交给该组织，在那里对作品进行全面的同行评审。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词organization并在从句中作抽象地点状语，故填where。
【17题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：华盛顿科学院院长吉姆·科尔曾提到，许多人通过小说和电视节目（如《犯罪现场调查》）了解科学，这经常给观众留下技术可以解决任何犯罪的印象。此处句子不缺主要成分，根据solve的形式可知，前为情态动词或助动词，根据句意，can“可以、能”最贴合语义逻辑，故填can。
【18题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：但公众普遍理解的科学并不一定是正确的科学。此处修饰前面的名词作后置定语，science与动词understand之间存在被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填understood。
【19题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：然而，故事本身是否应该要求观众获得准确的科学知识？此处demand“要求”，宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，用（should）do形式，故填get或should get。
【20题详解】
考查连接副词。句意：此外，如果一部犯罪小说过于现实或描述性，并且提供了准确的科学细节，它不会成为完美谋杀的手册吗？分许前后句意可知，前句为假设，表示“如果”，故填if。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer ____21____. Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it _____22_____ to both emotions and senses.
Sound is ____23____the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each ____24____ word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this ____25____ pattern,or “beat,” in the sounds. This is called meter.
Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public ____26____ and religious ceremonies, the great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually ____27____ Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval
times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante, and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the ____28____ of choice for many poets at that time.
Poetry____29____ even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of _____30_____ expression in modem times,
【答案】21. G 22. J
23. C 24. H
25. E 26. F
27. I 28. A
29. B 30. K
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌这种文学形式，说明了诗歌的特点以及介绍了来自古希腊的世界上一些最古老和最著名的诗歌。诗歌在历史上的文艺复兴时期更加繁荣，这是一个有许多伟大文化成就的时代。
【21题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：诗歌是一种写作，除了作者所分享的经验或强烈的感情外，还用一组词的声音和意义来表达思想或情感。结合句意表示“分享”且做谓语应用动词share，此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为writer，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填shares。故选G。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：诗歌能吸引读者的注意力，因为它既能吸引情感，又能吸引感官。根据Poetry catches the attention of a reader 可知，表示“吸引……”短语为appeal to，根据上文catches可知为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填appeals。故选J。
【23题详解】
考查副词。句意：声音可以说是任何一首诗中最重要的一个方面。此处修饰句子且表示“可以说是”应用副词arguably。故填arguably。符合句意。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：典型的故事或报告并不关注每个单词在阅读时发出的声音。根据each可知，修饰后文名词word，表示“每个的”应用形容词individual。故填individual。故选H。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当你读一首诗时，你经常可以听到这种重复的模式，或“拍”的声音根据上文Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem.可知，修饰后文名词pattern表示“重复的”应用形容词repeated。故填repeated。符合句意。故选E。
【26题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：早在公元前700年，那里的诗人就在公共场合和宗教仪式上朗诵他们的作品，伟大的史诗《伊利亚特》和荷马的《奥德赛》来自希腊。根据religious ceremonies可知，上文public为形容词修饰名词，且表示“场合，公开活动”应用名词event，且event为可数名词，前面没有冠词应用复数形式。故填events。符合句意。故选F。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：希腊人最终影响了罗马诗人，如公元前30年《埃涅伊德》的作者维吉尔。此处做谓语表示“影响”应用动词influence，且此处描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填influenced。符合句意。故选I。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：宗教和浪漫成为当时许多诗人选择的主题。根据上文the可知应填名词，表示“主题”故填topic。故填topic。符合句意。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：诗歌在历史上的文艺复兴时期更加繁荣，这是一个有许多伟大文化成就的时代。根据下文an era of many great cultural achievements.可知，此处做谓语表示“繁荣”应用动词flourish，根据后文during the Renaissance period可知应用一般过去时。故填flourished。符合句意。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：诗歌作为一种文学表现形式，在近代不断地成长和变化。修饰后文名词expression应用形容词literary，表示“文学的”。故填literary。符合句意。故选K。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When you eat something really sour, there is something that can’t be ignored. It is the ____31____ that isn’t limited to your tongue. An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face ____32____ into a look of discomfort. If you can’t ____33____ puckering (撅起) your mouth when you lick a lemon or snack on Sour Patch Kids, you can thank evolution.
That unmistakable sour flavor that stimulate your taste buds is a product that acids release when they combine with saliva (唾液) . When your mouth ____34____ this sign of acid, it lets you know in a dramatic way. Your taste receptors ____35____ and your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science.
Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection ____36____ as well. Many plants found in nature with these ____37____ are poisonous, and your body’s strong reaction is its way of protecting you from harm. Sourness ____38____ naturally in fruits like citrus (柑橘), but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases. ____39____ fruits and dairy products contain acid, which gives them a sour taste too.
It’s hard to ignore the sour flavor of what you’re eating when it twists your entire facial expression. This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with. When our early human ancestors hunted for food, a sudden twisted face may have ______40______ that whatever that person put in their mouth wasn’t good to eat.
The pucker response to ______41______ flavors helped early humans avoid getting sick, but it doesn’t stop us from eating this kind of food today. The flavor is so sought after that there’s an entire candy market ______42______ to maximizing it in processed products. So why do we love to eat the very thing that our face and tongue warns us might kill us?
The answer is ______43______ taste. Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet.______44______ loving these flavors from birth, we’re conditioned to enjoy them through repeated exposure. By becoming familiar with the taste via our peers and family members, humans ______45______ learn which sour (and bitter and spicy) foods are healthy and which are potentially harmful.
Though we rely on the sense every day, taste doesn’t work exactly how you may assume.
31. A. challenge B. panic C. sensation D. impression
32. A. adjust B. perceive C. react D. contract
33. A. decline B. insist C. persist D. resist
34. A. distinguishes B. detects C. identifies D. encounters
35. A. take up B. light up C. get across D. bring down
36. A. responses B. impairments C. preferences D. guarantees
37. A. bitterness B. declines C. flavors D. textures
38. A. puts up B. picks up C. stays up D. shows up
39. A. Ripe B. Raw C. Spoiled D. Purchased
40. A. proved B. confessed C. communicated D. displayed
41. A. salty B. bitter C. spicy D. sour
42. A. ceased B. deserved C. desired D. devoted
43. A. acquired B. born C. gained D. undeveloped
44. A. Apart from B. Thanks to C. Instead of D. Regardless of
45. A. gradually B. faithfully C. barely D. respectively
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. C 41. D 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类舌头对酸这种味道的反应和形成过程。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种感觉并不局限于你的舌头。A. challenge挑战；B. panic惊慌；C. sensation感觉；D. impression印象；根据第2空“An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face____ into a look of discomfort”（特别酸的一口会让你的整个脸都变得不舒服）可知，这种感觉不仅停留在舌头，而是延伸到了脸上，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别酸的味道会让你的整张脸皱成一团，看起来很不舒服。A. adjust调整；B. perceive感知；C. react反应；D. contract使收缩、与……订立合同；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）和常识可知，吃到特别酸的东西，脸部会收缩，即扭曲，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 当你在Sour Patch Kids上舔柠檬或零食时，如果你的嘴忍不住撅起，你可以感谢进化。A. decline拒绝；B. insist坚持；C. persist坚持；D. resist抵抗；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）可知，此处指的是排斥行为，忍不住产生某种反应，can’t resist“忍不住做”，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你的口腔检测到这种酸的迹象时，它会以一种戏剧性的方式让你知道。A. distinguishes辨别；B. detects发现、侦查；C. identifies识别；D. encounters遭遇；根据“排斥反应”可知，此处指的是机体的一种监测机制，与语境最贴合，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：据《生活科学》报道，你的味觉受体会发活跃起来，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应。A. take up占据；B. light up点亮；变快活；C. get across使理解；D. bring down减少、击落；根据“排斥反应”可知，人的某种机体在受到某种刺激后立即活跃起来，开展工作，保护机体免受伤害，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应。A. responses回应；反应；B. impairments损害；C. preferences偏好；D. guarantees保证；据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）以及“as well”可知，此处指的也是排斥反应，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然界中发现的许多具有这些味道的植物都是有毒的，而你身体的强烈反应是保护你免受伤害的方式。A. bitterness苦；B. declines拒绝；C. flavors味道；D. textures质地；根据第6空“Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection responses as well.”（你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应）可知，此处指的是苦和辣这两种味道，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示。A. puts up搭建、张贴；B. picks up捡起；C. stays up熬夜；D. shows up露面；根据语境，此处指的是柑橘类水果含有酸味，此处用拟人手法，指酸味在水果中出现，故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：变质的水果和乳制品含有酸，这也会使它们有酸味。A. ripe成熟的；B. raw生的；C. spoiled宠坏的、变质的；D. purchased购买的；根据前句“Sourness shows up naturally in fruits like citrus, but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases”（酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示）可知，此处指酸味的警示作用，根据常识可知，一般变质的水果是酸的，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的早期人类祖先在寻找食物时，一个突然的痛苦表情可能传达了这样的信息：那个人放进嘴里的东西不好吃。A. proved证明；B. confessed坦白；C. communicated交流、传达；D. displayed展示；根据前句“This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with”（这种反应并不一定能帮助那些已经吃了一口坏苹果的人，但它会保护和他们在一起的人）可知，此处指的是向他人传达信息的功能，故选C。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对酸味的反应有助于早期人类避免生病，但这并不能阻止我们今天吃这种食物。A. salty咸的；B. bitter苦的；C. spicy辣的；D. sour酸的；纵观上文可知，文章谈论的是对人类对酸味的反应，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种味道十分受欢迎，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中。A. ceased停止；B. deserved值得；C. desired渴望；D. devoted奉献；根据前句“这种味道十分受欢迎”以及市场的逐利特性可知，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中，be devoted to doing“致力于做”，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：答案是后天获得的味道口味。A. acquired已获得的；后天获得的；B. born出生的；C. gained获得（动词）；D. undeveloped欠发达的；根据后句“Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet.”（人类并不是天生就渴望苦、辣或酸的食物，但具有这些特征的食物是营养饮食的重要组成部分。）可知，这种味道是人类的后天习得的，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我们不是从一出生就喜欢这些味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们。A. apart from除了；B. thanks to多亏、由于；C. instead of代替、而不是；D. regardless of不管；根据前半句“人类天生不喜欢苦、辣或酸的食物”可知，这不是从人类出生就爱的味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们，故选C。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过同龄人和家人对味道的熟悉，人类逐渐了解哪些酸（苦、辣）食物是健康的，哪些可能有害。A. gradually逐渐地；B. faithfully忠诚地；C. barely仅仅、几乎没有；D. respectively分别、各自；根据第14题可知，这种改变通过反复接触、逐渐形成的过程，故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies (殖民地) like Australia , and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan also do so.
This strange quirk (奇事) puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason . Up to the late 1700’s , everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the most sensible option for feudal (封建的), violent societies with mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each other’s right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.
Revolutionary France, however, overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink. A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon. It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed. His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any part of colonized by the French travelled on the right.
After the American Revolutionary War (1775—1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past. As America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought American right-hand-drive cars. From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.
Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer possible. It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to change driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. While everyone was getting used to the new system, they paid more attention and took more care, resulting in a reduction of the number of road accidents.
46. Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century ?
A. They were required to do so.
B. They were mostly left-handed.
C It was easier to cross the street.
D. They could feel safer from attacks.
47. What was Napoleon’s attitude to walking on the left?
A. Support. B. Disapproval. C. Doubt. D. Sympathy.
48. For Americans, driving on the right was a way to show ________.
A. the connection with France was broken
B. the US was no longer ruled by the UK
C. the American Revolution War had ended
D. America was the center of the car industry
49. What is the main cause of the UK failing to adopt the new system?
A. Its high costs to change.
B. Its increasing traffic accidents.
C. Its influence on colonies.
D. Its fast-developing car industry.
【答案】46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些国家靠左侧行走的原因及部分国家后来改变这一传统的原因和过程。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Up to the late 1700’s , everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the most sensible option for feudal , violent societies with mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each other’s right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.”（直到18世纪晚期，所有人都走路的左边，因为这是封建社会中最明智的选择，暴力社会中大多数人都是右撇子。把剑夹在右臂下的士兵们自然而然地从对方的右边走过，如果你在路上遇到一个陌生人，你就从左边走，以确保你的保护剑的手臂在你和他之间）故可推知，当时人们靠左侧走是因为感觉更安全。故选D项。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed. His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.”（在拿破仑的统治下改变了，因为他是左撇子。他的军队必须向右行进，这样他才能用剑挡住对手。从那时起，任何被法国殖民的地方都要靠右走）故可推知，拿破仑对靠左侧走是不赞成的。故选B项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.”（美国独立了，并决定让车辆靠右行驶，以摆脱与英国殖民历史的所有残余联系）故可推知，美国改变英国传统是想摆脱与英国的联系，表示不再受英国统治。故选B项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer possible. It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round.”（如今，欧盟希望英国与欧洲其他国家保持一致，但这已经不可能了。改变周围的一切将花费数十亿英镑）故可推知，英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高。故选A项。
(B)
University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited Items
The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet Policy
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, will pay an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
Quiet Hours
Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday, Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.
50. If a visiting friend leaves a cat in the residence of a student for three days, what will happen?
A. The student will receive a fine of $1 50.
B. The student will be punished financially.
C. The student will receive a written notice immediately once the cat is found by the office.
D. The student will be sent to the Student Court to defend his or her case.
51. When can students enjoy a party in residences?
A. 7:00 am, Sunday. B. 7:30 am, Thursday.
C. 11:30 pm, Monday. D. 00:30 am, Saturday.
52. According to the regulations, how many statements listed here are true?
a. Wireless routers are allowed if they are registered in the office in advance.
b. No pets are allowed to be kept in the residence.
c. Students are required to close kitchen doors after cooking.
d. Under no circumstances is a student allowed to cook in his room.
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
【答案】50. D 51. B 52. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了大学宿舍的一些规范。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pet Policy部分中的关键句“If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. (如果在书面通知后一周，宠物仍未被带走，学生将被提交到学生法庭)可知，如果一个学生受到警告一周之后还在宿舍养猫，就要被告上学生法庭为他或她的案件辩护。故选D。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一 部分“Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1: 00 am to 8: 00 am. (星期五及星期六晚上的安静时间是上午一时至上午八时)”可知，学生应该在周五和周六的凌晨1: 00到早上8: 00保持安静。即星期六的凌晨12点30分可以享受派对，故选D。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. (不允许带入学生房间的物品包括:蜡烛、吊扇、烟花、水床、太阳灯和无线路由器)”可知，如果事先在办公室登记，可以使用无线路由器是不正确的；根据倒数第二段的“No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.(除鱼外，不准带宠物进入学生宿舍)”可知，是可以再宿舍养鱼的。根据倒数第三段“Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.(住在有厨房的楼里的学生只能在厨房做饭。学生们做饭后必须打扫卫生。这不是客房服务员的责任。未保持清洁的厨房可能会被关闭使用。除了使用小型微波炉加热食物外，学生不允许在自己的房间里做饭)”可知，学生使用厨房后关门没有被要求，不允许在自己的房间里做饭。故选B。
(C)
A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true?

Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfish’s. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything—one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey (传达) information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism.
In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world? If—like us—the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality.
Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame (框架) of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality.
The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicist’s traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe.
53. What does the underlined word “distorted” in Paragraph most probably mean?
A. Original. B. Accurate. C. Distant. D. False.
54. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. The need for a complete theory. B. The lasting conflict in physics.
C. The existence of the material world. D. The conventional insight of reality.
55. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered.
B. An external world is independent of the observers.
C. People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints.
D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better.
56. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomed
B. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory
C. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world
D. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one
【答案】53. D 54. D 55. C 56. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例，讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙。
【53题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality.”（这项措施的发起人解释说，把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，因为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实有一种distorted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推断，发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实产生错误的观点，因而把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，所以“distorted”意为：错误的，即“false”。故选D。
【54题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey (传达) information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism.”（大多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学直接传达了物质世界的信息，在哲学中，这种信念被称为现实主义。）可知，本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解。故选D。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. ”（现在看来，这种追求可能产生的不是单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本，就像从自己的鱼缸里看宇宙一样。）和第三段“If—like us—the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality.”（如果模拟世界中的生物像我们一样不能从外部观察它们的宇宙，它们就没有理由怀疑自己对现实的想象。）可知，人们视角和观点不同，会有着不同的理论。故选C。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations.”（也许为了描述宇宙，我们必须在不同的情况下运用不同的理论。）和“But it might be the way of the universe.”（但这可能就是宇宙的规律。）可知，作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇宙，可得出作者也许会许赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
High-quality customer service is preached (宣扬) by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store ____57____. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school.
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group, “the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. ____58____.
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems, ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long-check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. ____59____. It also avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. ____60____. “Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
A. Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.
B. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
C. However, few customers believe the parking service will be improved.
D. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly.
E. Instead, they will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
F. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
【答案】57. E 58. F 59. D 60. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了零售商们如何提升客服质量。
【57题详解】
根据空格后句“Store managers are often the last to hear complaints”（商店经理往往是最后一个听到抱怨的人）可知，这里指的一种现状，即顾客不太向经理投诉，E选项的“Instead, they will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.”（相反，他们会警醒朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人和任何愿意倾听的人），刚好解释了后句原因，故选E。
【58题详解】
根据空格前句“For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews.”（对于每一位不满意的顾客，一家商店将因负面评价而再损失三家。）可知，这里指的是指数式增长，F选项的“The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.”（由此产生的“滚雪球效应”对零售商来说可能是灾难性的。），刚好是对前句的总结，故选F。
【59题详解】
根据空格后句“It also avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.”（它还避免了那些盯着同一个停车位的人之间的冲突。）可知，这里指的是这种做法带来的另一个好处，那么前句应为一个好处。D选项的“This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly.”（这种指导消除了顾客无休止地在停车场绕圈的需要），恰好指出一个好处，符合要求，故选D。
【60题详解】
根据空格后句“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”（反应灵敏、友好的零售商比那些不那么友好的零售商更有可能解决问题。）可知，这里指的是对顾客友好的重要性，B选项的“Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.”（最重要的是，销售人员应对愤怒的顾客要有外交技巧和礼貌），与后句语义相呼应，故选B。
Ⅳ. Spelling (10%)
Section A (5%)
汉译英
61. 假设，假定(v)
62. 难以置信的(adj)
63. 评价，评估(v)
64. 经济实惠的(adj)
65. 虚构小说(n)
66. 一时冲动(n)
67. 繁荣(v)
68. 随机的(adj)
69. 摘录；节选(n)
70. 致力于(v)
【答案】61. assume
62. incredible
63. evaluate
64. economical
65. fiction
66. impulse
67. prosper
68. random 69. excerpt
70. devote
【解析】
【61题详解】
“假设、假定”，动词，其英文表达是assume，故填assume。
【62题详解】
“难以置信的”，形容词，其英文表达是incredible，故填incredible。
【63题详解】
“评价，评估”，动词，其英文表达是evaluate，故填evaluate。
【64题详解】
“经济实惠的”，形容词，其英文表达是economical，故填economical。
【65题详解】
“虚构小说”，名词，其英文表达是fiction，故填fiction。
【66题详解】
“一时冲动”，名词，其英文表达是impulse，故填impulse。
【67题详解】
“繁荣”，动词，其英文表达是prosper，故填prosper。
【68题详解】
“随机的”，形容词，其英文表达是random，故填random。
【69题详解】
“摘录、节选”，名词，其英文表达是excerpt，故填excerpt。
【70题详解】
“致力于”，动词，其英文表达是devote，故填devote。
Section B (5%)
选词填空
A. sustainable B. renovation C. epic D. substitute E. distribution
F. canopy G. equivalent H. downsize I. emit J. suspend

71. The trees formed such a dense __________ that all beneath was a deep carpet of pine needles.
72. Government should encourage business to invest more on __________ energies.
73. The helmets are designed to withstand impacts __________ to a fall from a bicycle.
74. They undertook a multimillion-dollar __________ that included a go-kart track, a bar and a climbing wall.
75. The company chose to __________ and more fully utilize the remaining worker.
76. Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven __________ of emergency aid.
77. They are hoping to retrace the __________ voyage of Christopher Columbus.
78. We should minimize the use of private cars, which __________ a large amount of greenhouse gases.
79. If we want students to become effective in multicultural settings, one thing is clear: there is no __________ for practice.
80. If you exceed your credit limit, we have the right to __________ your account.
【答案】71. F 72. A 73. G 74. B 75. H 76. E 77. C 78. I 79. D 80. J
【解析】
【71题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些树形成了茂密的树冠，下面是厚厚的松针地毯。由“The trees formed such a dense”可知，句子表示“这些树形成了茂密的树冠”，空格处意为“树冠”，是canopy，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选F。
72题详解】
考查形容词。句意：政府应鼓励企业加大对可持续能源的投资。由“Government should encourage business to invest more on”可知，句子表示“政府应鼓励企业加大对可持续能源的投资”，空格处意为“可持续的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词energies，是sustainable，故选A。
【73题详解】
考查形容词。句意：头盔的设计可以承受相当于从自行车上摔下来的冲击力。由“to a fall from a bicycle”可知，句子表示“头盔的设计可以承受相当于从自行车上摔下来的冲击力”，空格处意为“等同的”，是equivalent，是形容词作后置定语，故选G。
【74题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们花了数百万美元进行翻新，包括一条卡丁车跑道、一个酒吧和一面攀岩墙。由“that included a go-kart track, a bar and a climbing wall”可知，句子表示“他们花了数百万美元进行翻新，包括一条卡丁车跑道、一个酒吧和一面攀岩墙”，空格处意为“翻新”，是renovation，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选B。
【75题详解】
考查动词。句意：公司选择缩小规模，更充分地利用剩余的工人。由“the remaining worker”可知，句子表示“公司选择缩小规模，更充分地利用剩余的工人”，空格处意为“裁减人数”，是downsize，choose to do意为“选择做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选H。
【76题详解】
考查名词。句意：一些灾民大声抱怨紧急援助物资分配不均。由“uneven”和“emergency aid”可知，句子表示“一些灾民大声抱怨紧急援助物资分配不均”，空格处意为“分配”，是distribution，是不可数名词，故选E。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们希望重新踏上克里斯托弗·哥伦布的史诗般的航程。由“voyage of Christopher Columbus”可知，句子表示“他们希望重新踏上克里斯托弗·哥伦布的史诗般的航程”，空格处意为“史诗般的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词voyage，是epic，故选C。
【78题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们应该尽量减少私家车的使用，私家车排放大量的温室气体。由“private cars”和“a large amount of greenhouse gases”可知，句子表示“我们应该尽量减少私家车的使用，私家车排放大量的温室气体”，空格处意为“排放”，是emit，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代先行词cars，是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，故选I。
79题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果我们想让学生在多元文化环境中变得高效，有一点是明确的：实践是不可替代的。由“for practice”可知，句子表示“实践是不可替代的”，空格处意为“替代品”，是substitute，由is可知，空格处用单数，故选D。
【80题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果您超出了您的信用额度，我们有权暂停您的账户。由“If you exceed your credit limit”可知，句子表示“如果您超出了您的信用额度，我们有权暂停您的账户”，空格处意为“暂停”，是suspend，have the right to do意为“有权做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选J。
Ⅴ. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
81. 科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。(break)(汉译英)
【答案】Scientists believe that they are starting to break through in their research on combating cancer.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、动词和名词。“科学家”的英文为scientists，“突破”的英文为break through，“抗癌症的研究”的英文为research on combating cancer，“开始做”的英文为start to do sth，表示某阶段正在进行的动作用现在进行时，故填Scientists believe they are starting to break through in their research on combating cancer。
82. 被恐怖分子绑架的儿童安然无恙地回到家里，我们都松了一口气。（relief）（汉译英）
【答案】When the children kidnapped by the terrorists returned home safe and sound, we all breathed a sigh of relief.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、非谓语动词和固定短语。根据汉语可知，句子时态为一般过去时，可分为两个部分，“被恐怖分子绑架的儿童安然无恙地回到家里”作为状语从句，“我们都松了一口气”作主句。状语从句可用when引导，主语“儿童”可表达为the children，“被恐怖分子绑架的”可用过去分词形式作children的后置定语，“绑架”可用kidnapped，“被恐怖分子”可用by the terrorists，谓语“回到家里”可用return home，状语“安然无恙地”可用固定短语safe and sound。主句中主语“我们”为we，“都”为all，结合提示relief谓语“松了一口气”可用固定短语breathe a sigh of relief。故可翻译为When the children kidnapped by the terrorists returned home safe and sound, we all breathed a sigh of relief.
83. 尽管科技的发展日新月异，但是有一些新发明并不适用于所有人。(apply) (汉译英)
【答案】Despite the increasingly rapid development of technology, some new inventions don’t apply to everyone.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、名词和动词。“尽管”的英文为“despite加名词短语”, “科技的发展”的英文为“the development of technology”,“日新月异”的英文为“increasingly rapid”,“新发明”的英文为“new inventions”，“适应”的英文为“apply to”，表示当前的现状用一般现在时，故填Despite the increasingly rapid development of technology, some new inventions don’t apply to everyone.
84. 一部向无私奉献的教师们致敬的影片即将开机，他们为教育事业放弃休假，在线答疑。（honor） (汉译英)
【答案】A film is about to be shot in honor of the selfless and dedicated teachers, who give up their vacations for the cause of education and answer questions online.

【解析】
【详解】考查名词、短语、形容词、时态和定语从句。“一部向无私奉献的教师们致敬的影片即将开机”为一般将来时，“即将”用短语be about to表达，“向……致敬”用短语in honor of表达，“无私奉献的教师们”用名词短语selfless and dedicated teachers表达，“开机”用动词shoot表达，表达为a film is about to be shot in honor of the selfless and dedicated teachers；“放弃”用动词短语give up表达，“休假”用名词vacation表达，“教育事业”表达为the cause of education，“在线答疑”用短语answer questions online表达，“他们为教育事业放弃休假，在线答疑”为一般现在时，可用非限制性定语从句who give up their vacations for the cause of education and answer questions online表达，who指代“无私奉献的教师们”在从句中作主语；此句可翻译为：A film is about to be shot in honor of the selfless and dedicated teachers, who give up their vacations for the cause of education and answer questions online.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
85. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高一学生李明，你在The Evening News这份报纸上看到一篇关于改造你所在的城市的文章，文中提到了将河边的一块空地改造成自然保护区（nature reserve）。你认为这个改造方案的提议不受年轻人欢迎，请写一封信给该报的编辑，谈谈你的看法，你的文章必须包括：
1. 你不赞同建自然保护区的原因；
2. 提出一个替代的方案并说明原因。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear editor,
I am Li Ming from Mingqi High School. Here I am writing to respond to your article about establishing a nature reserve by the river.
Actually, I don’t think it popular among young people. Although a nature reserve can be beneficial in providing habitats for wild animals and plants and protecting our environment, it should be acknowledged that a city with such a large population cannot afford to spare a vast space to function simply as a nature reserve. There may be a more feasible and beneficial plan, which can take into account both the wild lives and the citizens.
A recreational wetland park, I believe, is an alternative for you to consider. In this park, for one thing, the wild lives, especially those birds, can seek shelter and the water quality can be improved. For another, the citizens, as they appreciate the natural ecology and gain relief, can have more options to have various activities. To illustrate, teenagers can go biking or hiking and the family with children can go camping.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生给报纸的编辑写信，针对河边空地的改造方案提出想法，需说明不赞同建自然保护区的立场和原因，并提出替代方案和原因。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
回应：respond to→reply to, react to
实际上：actually→in fact, in reality, in truth
有益的：beneficial→advantageous, favorable, rewarding
可行的：feasible→viable, practical
考虑：take… into account→take… into consideration, consider
选择：option→choice, selection
例如：to illustrate→for example, for instance, to exemplify
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Actually, I don’t think it popular among young people.
拓展句：Actually, I don’t think that it will be popular among young people.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although a nature reserve can be beneficial in providing habitats for wild animals and plants and protecting our environment, it should be acknowledged that a city with such a large population cannot afford to spare a vast space to function simply as a nature reserve.（运用了although引导的让步状语从句、that引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】There may be a more feasible and beneficial plan, which can take into account both the wild lives and the citizens.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）