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2022-2023学年上海市复兴高级中学高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海市复兴高级中学高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共26页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
上海市复兴高级中学2022学年第一学期期中考试
英语考试试卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is tired of teaching. B. She no longer works here.
C. She has just resigned. D. She is too busy.
2. A. Have a blood test. B. Drink less wine.
C. Consume more alcohol. D. Watch his weight.
3. A. She doesn’t need any dessert.
B. She wants to eat more to feel full.
C. She prefers something else for dessert.
D. She doesn’t think the ice cream is good.
4. A. $8. B. $10. C. $18. D. $80.
5. A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
6. A. He’ll move into his new apartment in a couple of months.
B. He’d like the woman to find him a new apartment.
C. The apartment might be too expensive for him.
D. The apartment is far from his expectation.
7. A. He paid a high price for his new cellphone.
B. He has just earned a big sum of money.
C. He is pleased with his new purchase.
D. He loves doing shopping.
8. A. She couldn’t find her watch.
B. She feels bad about being late.
C. She forgot what time the library closed.
D. She had never agreed to meet the man.
9. A. The man is too tired to go out.
B. The woman insists on going out.
C. The man promised the woman a gift on her birthday.
D. The woman prefers to stay at home at their wedding anniversary.
10. A. She wouldn’t consider going on the field trip.
B. She thinks the class is too difficult for the man.
C. She has been on the trip herself and has enjoyed it.
D. She thinks there’s a good reason to take the field trip.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They thinned their coffee crops.
B. They planted too much coffee crops.
C. They occupied Venezuela’s mountains.
D. They drove away red siskins from the forest.
12. A. They can get funds from the government.
B. They can sell the coffee beans at a higher price.
C. They can prevent coffee plants from disappearing.
D. They can attract more consumers with the quality beans.
13. A. Organic coffee beans developed to increase the production.
B. Coffee farmers who are devoted to bird protection.
C. A project intended to save an endangered bird.
D. A private zoo serving as a breeding center.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The different types of commercial jingle.
B. The early years of the commercial jingle.
C. The importance of the commercial jingle.
D. The reason why the commercial jingle emerges.
15. A. In the early1920s. B. In 1926.
C. In the early 1930s. D. In 1936.
16. A. Televisions began to take the place of radios gradually.
B. The public was more likely to be impacted by words sung with music.
C. The market in the United States started to care about consumers’ taste.
D. The direct promotion of products was not allowed in peak listening hours.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It stops growing in size while you are approaching 40.
B. It keeps developing until you are in the late 40s.
C. It stops developing while you are 18.
D. It keeps growing in size all your life.
18. A. They interact with each other less often than thought.
B. The left side is more responsible face recognition.
C. The right side deals mainly with math and logic.
D. They need to work together to function.
19. A. Fried chickens. B. Hamburgers.
C. Sugary drinks. D. Plain water.
20. A. It gets the brain to become stronger.
B. It helps the production of new brain cells.
C. It enables the brain to consume less oxygen.
D. It allows the brain to remain active all day long.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Hello, I’m Everything Oholic
Have you always blamed your chocolate habit and inability to stop smoking on your ‘addictive’ personality? According to science, there’s no such thing…
It’s a widely ____1____ (hold) belief that some people are just hardwired to be addicted. But is there actually any evidence ____2____ this? According to addiction expert Prof Robert West, there isn’t. However, there are personality characteristics, like anxiety, depression and impulse control problems, that ____3____ make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的) to addiction. He says this is an important distinction, because the term ‘addictive personality’ implies that if a person stops one additive behaviour, they’ll just start another, and that’s not what happens. If a person has underlying risk factors for addiction, ____4____ it’s related to their mental health, their personality, or other factors such as a family history, then stopping one behaviour will not then make them immune (免疫的) to the risk of other addictions. But they won’t be more at risk of another addiction just ____5____ they overcame one.
West points to research____6____ investigated the impact of stopping smoking on a person’s drinking behaviour. Studies have found that when people stop smoking, they also show a short-term reduction in alcohol consumption, which gradually returns to the level it was at before ____7____ (quit) smoking. But alcohol consumption doesn’t increase after they stop smoking, and the same is true of smoking heaviness when people give up alcohol. “If anything, stopping ____8____ can be helpful in stopping or reducing the other,” says West. Of course, there are exceptions and stories of individuals who have given up one substance or behaviour, only____9____ (have) another take over their lives. According to West, while the vulnerabilities are still there, there’s no evidence that an addictive personality_____10_____ (exist).
【答案】1. held
2. for 3. can
4. and 5. because
6. which##that
7. quitting
8. one 9. to have
10. exists
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为，有些人天生就上瘾。但事实上没有证据证明这一点。
【1题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：人们普遍认为，有些人天生就上瘾。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词belief与动词hold是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填held。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：但事实上有证据证明这一点吗？分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。evidence常与介词for搭配。故填for。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：然而，有些性格特征，如焦虑、抑郁和冲动控制问题，会使人更容易上瘾。根据空格后的动词原形make可知，空格处应填入情态动词。由句意可知，此处指“可能会”，故用can。故填can。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果一个人有成瘾的潜在危险因素，并且与他们的心理健康、性格或其他因素（如家族史）有关，那么停止一种行为并不能使他们免受其他成瘾的风险。分析句子可知，空格处应填入连词。由句意可知，此处是并列关系，故用and。
【5题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：但是，他们不会因为克服了一种瘾就更容易再次上瘾。分析句子可知，空格处应填入从属连词。由句意可知，此处是因果关系，故用because引导。故填because。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：韦斯特指出，一项研究调查了戒烟对一个人饮酒行为的影响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入定语从句引导词。先行词是research，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。故填which/that。
【7题详解】
考查动名词。句意：研究发现，当人们停止吸烟时，他们的饮酒量也会短期减少，并逐渐恢复到戒烟前的水平。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词。是介词，后用动名词作宾语。before doing sth.意为“在做某事之前”。故填quitting。
【8题详解】
考查代词。句意：韦斯特说：“如果有什么不同的话，停止一个可以有助于停止或减少另一个。”分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词one作宾语，和后面的the other相对应。故填one。
【9题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：当然，也有一些例外和故事，一些人放弃了一种物质或行为，只是为了让另一种物质接管他们的生活。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。only to do是固定结构，在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。故填to have。
【10题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：根据韦斯特的说法，尽管脆弱性仍然存在，但没有证据表明上瘾的人格存在。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文判断，此处应用一般现在时。主语是an addictive personality，单数，故谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。故填exists。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. literally B. barrier C. Eventually D. find
E. examines F. features G. innovations H. mean
I. professional J. striking K. well-positioned
The Best Company to Work For
Every year, Fortune magazine published a list of the ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’. How does the magazine choose the companies? Firstly, it uses a survey: 350 employees answer 57 questions about their company. Secondly, Fortune looks at important ___11___ of companies: for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine ___12___ the results to find its Top 100.
Wegmans Food Markets, which ranks No. 1 on the list, has a motto (座右铭), ‘Employees first, customers second’, and it is also one of the 50 largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of $3.6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no ___13___ to making money.
How much of Wegmans’ success is due to the company’s policies? ‘Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us,’ says one employee. ‘On the other hand, no company gets rich just by not being ___14___ to its employees. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and it’s ___15___ within the community. I’ve been here for 15 years. Looking back, I’d say that the company’s ___16___ for customers, such as the Shoppers’ Club electronic discount programme in the 1990s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff. ’
But the employee benefits are ___17___. Fundamentally, Wegmans believes in ___18___ development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. ___19___, she started selling the cookies in Wegmans. ‘I just asked the manager,’ she says. ‘While looking back, I think should have asked earlier. I could have made more money!’
The staff’s freedom to make decisions is another thing you won’t ____20____ everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to please the customers. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer because the woman’s turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven.
【答案】11. F 12. E
13. B 14. H
15. K 16. G
17. J 18. I
19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了《财富》杂志每年如何选出最佳工作公司。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：其次，《财富》杂志关注公司的重要特征：例如，薪酬、福利以及员工和管理层之间的沟通。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意，此处指“特征”，故选features。故答案为F。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：最后，该杂志对结果进行检查，以找到其前100名。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上句“Fortune looks at important ___1___ of companies”可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语是单数，谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。根据句意，此处指“检查”，故选examines。故答案为E。
13题详解】
考查名词。句意：显然，对员工好并不是赚钱的障碍。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作表语。根据句意，此处指“障碍”，故选barrier。故答案为B。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一方面，没有一家公司仅仅通过对员工不吝啬而致富。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“吝啬的”，故选mean。be mean to sb.固定短语，意为“对某人吝啬”。故答案为H。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Wegmans有很好的营销策略，并且在社区中定位良好。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“定位良好的”，故选well-positioned。故答案为K。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：回过头来看，我想说，该公司为客户所做的创新，如20世纪90年代的“购物者俱乐部”电子折扣计划，对员工的福利同样重要。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作主语。且根据谓语动词“have been”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。根据句意，此处指“创新”，故选 innovations。故答案为G。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但员工福利却令人震惊。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“令人震惊的”，故选striking。故答案为J。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：从根本上讲，韦格曼相信职业发展。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词development。根据句意，此处指“职业的”，故选professional。故答案为I。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：最终，她开始在韦格曼出售饼干。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“最终”，故选Eventually。故答案为C。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：员工做出决定的自由是另一件你在任何地方都找不到的事情。根据空格前的情态动词“won’t”可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，此处指“找到”，故选find。故答案为D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Look both ways before you cross the street! Look left, right and left again!” These classic childhood ___21___ lessons are passed on from generation to generation. Yet traffic accidents remain one of the most common ___22___ of injuries and deaths for children around the world.
Past studies have found that youngsters are less good at ___23___ road hazards than adults, but Anat Meir, a lecturer in industrial engineering and management at Ben-Gurion University of the Negeve and the Holon Institute of Technology in Israel, wanted to pinpoint exactly which behaviors lead to accidents, with the goal of finding ways to ___24___ them.
To do that without putting anyone in danger, she turned to virtual reality. In 2013 Meir and her colleagues simulated (模拟) 18 streets in Israel and used an eye-tracking device to study how 46 adults and children (ranging in age from seven to 13) evaluated when it was safe to cross. Children aged seven to nine, they found, exhibited the least ___25___ when crossing, typically deciding to step into the virtual road with little or no hesitation, even when their field of vision was restricted. “We had parents looking on who were like, ‘Wow, I cannot believe my child just crossed there!’” Meir says. “It caused them to ___26___ their child’s road-crossing abilities.” The older children did not perform much ___27___, though for different reasons. They often stayed on the curb (路缘) for an improper amount of time—a(n) ___28___ that they are less able to distinguish between safe and hazardous situations than adults—and in interviews did not express an understanding of how ___29___ such as car speed and field of vision affect crossing safety.
___30___ do seem to improve crossing success. In Meir’s most recent study, described in Accident Analysis & Prevention, two dozen seven-to nine-year-olds underwent 40 minutes of hazard-detection training. Afterward, Meir and her colleagues ___31___ trainees’ and control kids’ performances in the virtual road-crossing task. The children who ___32___ safety instructions were significantly better at crossing than the control subjects—to the point that their crossing skills were similar to those of adults.
Next, Meir and policy makers aim to figure out how to translate these findings into the ___33___ world. “These results are important because you cannot find solutions without a(n) ___34___ of the problem,” says Joseph Kearney, a professor of computer science at the University of Iowa. “Now it’s up to people with their feet on the ground to determine how they can develop ___35___ programs for children and for parents about good road-crossing habits.”
21. A. safety B. science C. vision D. indication
22. A. sources B. categories C. levels D. results
23. A. encountering B. identifying C. presenting D. recalling
24. A. perform B. ignore C. correct D. define
25. A. caution B. interest C. emotion D. relief
26. A. record B. recover C. reinvent D. reassess
27. A. worse B. better C. more quickly D. more slowly
28. A. decision B. indication C. prediction D. instruction
29. A. examples B. ideas C. factors D. insights
30. A. Motivations B. Observations C. Prohibitions D. Interventions
31. A. combined B. restricted C. compared D. separated
32. A. designed B. revealed C. emphasized D. received
33. A. outside B. old C. real D. modern
34. A. feature B. tackling C. intensity D. understanding
35. A. testing B. learning C. training D. planning
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以色列本-古里安大学和霍伦理工学院的工业工程与管理讲师阿纳特·梅尔一项关于儿童过马路的一项研究。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些经典的儿童安全课程代代相传。A. safety安全；B. science科学；C. vision视野；D. indication暗示。根据上文“Look both ways before you cross the street! Look left, right and left again!(过马路前看看两边!向左看，向右看，再向左看!)”可知，这些都是对儿童安全方面的一些教育，所以此处用safety表示“安全”课程，符合语境。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，交通事故仍然是世界各地儿童伤亡最常见的原因之一。A. sources来源、原因；B. categories分类；C. levels水平；D. results结果。分析句意再根据空格后的of injuries and deaths可知，此处用sources表示伤亡的“原因”符合语境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去的研究发现，年轻人识别道路危险的能力不如成年人，但以色列本-古里安大学和霍伦理工学院的工业工程与管理讲师阿纳特·梅尔想要精确查明哪些行为会导致事故，并找到纠正这些行为的方法。A. encountering遭遇；B. identifying识别；C. presenting呈现；D. recalling回想起。分析句意再根据空格后的road hazards可知，此处用identifying表示“识别”道路危险，符合语境。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. perform表现；B. ignore忽视；C. correct纠正；D. define下定义。根据上文“wanted to pinpoint exactly which behaviors lead to accidents(想要精确定位哪些行为会导致事故)”可知，此处用correct表示找到“纠正”这些行为的方法，符合语境。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，7到9岁的儿童在过马路时最不谨慎，通常会毫不犹豫地决定跨入虚拟道路，即使他们的视野受到限制。A. caution谨慎；B. interest兴趣；C. emotion情感；D. relief宽慰。根据下文“typically deciding to step into the virtual road with little or no hesitation(通常情况下，他们会毫不犹豫地踏上虚拟道路)”可知，儿童在过马路的时候是不够谨慎的，所以此处用caution与前面的least搭配，表示“最不谨慎”符合语境。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这促使他们重新评估孩子的过马路能力。A. record记录；B. recover恢复；C. reinvent重新创造；D. reassess重新评估。根据上文“Wow, I cannot believe my child just crossed there!(哇，我不敢相信我的孩子刚刚穿过那里!)”可知，父母是对孩子穿过马路感到惊讶的，所以此处用reassess表示“重新评估”孩子过马路的能力，符合语境。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：大一点的孩子表现得并不好，尽管原因不同。A. worse更糟糕；B. better更好；C. more quickly更迅速；D. more slowly更缓慢。根据下文“They often stayed on the curb (路缘) for an improper amount of time(他们经常在路沿上停留的时间不适当)”可知，此处用better与前面的not连用表示大一点孩子表现“不太好”符合语境。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们经常在路沿上停留的时间不适当——这表明他们比成年人更不能区分安全和危险的情况——在采访中，他们对车速和视野等因素如何影响过马路安全表示不理解。A. decision决定；B. indication表明、暗示；C. prediction预测；D. instruction指导。根据下文“they are less able to distinguish between safe and hazardous situations than adults(他们在区分安全和危险情况方面的能力不如成年人)”可知，这种情况是一种暗示，所以此处用indication表示“表明、暗示”符合语境。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. examples例子；B. ideas想法；C. factors因素；D. insights洞察力。根据下文“such as car speed and field of vision affect crossing safety(如车速和视野等影响过马路安全)”可知，此处说得是一些影响过马路安全的一些因素，所以用factors表示“因素”符合语境。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：干预似乎确实提高了跨越的成功率。A. Motivations动机；B. Observations观察；C. Prohibitions禁止；D. Interventions干预。根据下文“two dozen seven-to nine-year-olds underwent 40 minutes of hazard-detection training(24名7到9岁的儿童接受了40分钟的危险探测训练)”可知，这些训练属于干预活动，所以此处用Interventions表示“干预”提高了跨越的成功率，符合语境。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，梅尔和她的同事比较了训练生和控制生在虚拟过马路任务中的表现。A. combined结合；B. restricted限制；C. compared比较；D. separated分开。根据下文的“trainees’ and control kids’ performances(训练生和控制生的表现)”可知，此处用compared表示“比较”两者的表现，符合语境。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受安全指导的儿童在过马路方面明显优于对照组——在某种程度上，他们的过马路技巧与成年人相似。A. designed设计；B. revealed透露；C. emphasized强调；D. received收到、接受。分析句意再根据空格后的safety instructions可知，此处用received表示“接受”安全指导的儿童，符合语境。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来，梅尔和政策制定者的目标是弄清楚如何将这些发现转化为现实世界。A. outside外面的；B. old旧的、古老的；C. real现实的；D. modern现代的。分析句意再根据空格前的translate可知，此处用real表示把这些研究转化应用到“现实”世界中，符合语境故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些结果很重要，因为如果不了解问题，就无法找到解决方案。A. feature特点；B. tackling处理；C. intensity强度；D. understanding理解。分析句意再根据空格后的problem可知，此处用understanding表示对问题的“理解”符合语境。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，该由那些脚踏实地的人来决定如何为孩子和父母制定有关良好过马路习惯的培训项目了。A. testing在测试的；B. learning学习的；C. training培训的；D. planning计划的。根据下文“good road-crossing habits(良好的过马路习惯)”可知，此处用training表示制定关于这一习惯的“培训”项目，符合语境。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Visitors to HENN-NA, a restaurant outside Nagasaki, Japan, are greeted by an odd sight: their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator. H. I. S., the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage, turned to automation partly out of necessity. Japan’s population is shrinking, and its economy is booming; the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent. “Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,” said CEO Hideo Sawada.
Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan’s hotels will be automated in the next five years. “It takes about a year to two to get your money back,” he said. “But since you can work them 24 hours a day, and they don’t need vacation, eventually it’s more cost-efficient to use the robot.”
This may seem like a vision of the future best suited—perhaps only suited—to Japan. But according to Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated. Chui’s latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies.
The robots, in fact, are already here. Chowbotics, a company in Redwood City, California, manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen. Botlr, a robot butler, now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country.
This seems to be worrying. America’s economy isn’t developing nearly as smoothly as Japan’s, and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels, which have added more jobs than almost any other industry. That growth, in fact, has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries. The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13. 7 million American. Since 2013, it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing.
These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not. When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel, human beings want to interact with other human beings—or so we thought. The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we’ll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency. They’re also confident that adding robots won’t necessarily mean cutting human jobs.
36. According to the writer, why was it partly out of necessity that H. I. S. turned to automation?
A. It’s hard to find employees in Japan.
B. The Japanese are used to using robots.
C. Robotic technology is advanced in Japan.
D. Japan’s economy develops less fast than expected.
37. According to Michael Chui, which of the following statements is true?
A. It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry.
B. Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots.
C. Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters.
D. Robots now perform 54% of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels.
38. Why does the automation in American restaurants and hotels seem worrying?
A. The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated.
B. America’s economy is developing at an unexpected rate.
C. Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry.
D. These two industries contribute much to America’s employment rate.
39. It can be inferred that companies bringing robots into the service industry think that ________.
A. the human touch may not matter that much
B. profit is more important than customer satisfaction
C. manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction
D. robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了日本有名的HENN-NA餐馆使用机器人为人们提供服务，并分析了人工智能带来的利与弊。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“H. I. S., the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage, turned to automation partly out of necessity. Japan’s population is shrinking, and its economy is booming; the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent. “Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,” said CEO Hideo Sawada.”（经营这家餐厅的公司H. I. S.，以及附近一家由机器人为客人办理入住手续并帮助他们搬运行李的酒店，在一定程度上转向自动化，是出于需要。日本的人口在减少，经济却在蓬勃发展；失业率只有2.8%。首席执行官Hideo Sawada表示:“在日本这样的国家，使用机器人很有意义。”）可知，根据作者的说法，H. I. S.转向了自动化在一定程度上是出于必要因为在日本很难找到员工。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But according to Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated. Chui’s latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies.”（但麦肯锡全球研究所的合伙人Michael Chui认为，食品服务和住宿行业的许多工作都是很容易自动化的。Chui的最新研究估计，美国餐馆和酒店中54%的工作可以通过现有技术实现自动化。）可知，根据Michael Chui，餐厅工作人员很容易被机器人取代。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This seems to be worrying. America’s economy isn’t developing nearly as smoothly as Japan’s, and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels, which have added more jobs than almost any other industry. That growth, in fact, has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries. The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13. 7 million American. Since 2013, it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing.”（这似乎令人担忧。美国经济发展远没有日本那么顺利，近年来为数不多的亮点之一是餐饮业和酒店业的就业，这两个行业创造的就业机会几乎超过了其他任何行业。事实上，这种增长有助于减轻自动化给其他行业带来的冲击。食品服务和住宿行业现在雇佣了13人。700万美国人。自2013年以来，它提供的就业岗位已经超过了制造业。）可知，美国餐馆和酒店的自动化看起来令人担忧因为这两个行业对美国的就业率贡献很大。故选D。
39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not. When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel, human beings want to interact with other human beings—or so we thought. The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we’ll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency. They’re also confident that adding robots won’t necessarily mean cutting human jobs.”（这些新岗位一度似乎不会受到机器人的影响，因为它们需要人的接触，而制造业或采矿业的工作则不需要。当点一杯咖啡或入住酒店时，人类想要与他人互动——至少我们是这么认为的。将机器人引入服务行业的公司是在打赌，我们会乐于用与机器人服务员的关系来换取更高的效率。他们还相信，增加机器人并不一定意味着减少人类的工作。）可知，将机器人引入服务行业的公司认为机器人将以效率为代价抢走人类的工作。故选A。
(B)
Colleague Council Meeting 3rd Oct 20
Chairperson: Jane Simmons
Minutes Secretary: Liz Bateman
1 Welcome
Jane Simmons welcomed all colleagues to the meeting. She explained the aim of the Colleague Council—issues which are of concern to staff members can be raised and discussed by the group, and then addressed to Personnel Manager, Penny Kacelnik, in the second half of the meeting. Meetings will be held four times a year.
MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES
2 Lifting of International call barring
The council asked if it would be possible to have the phone system changed so that international calls can be made.
All phones in Sales & Marketing will be modified in November to allow for international calls. Anyone else who needs to call overseas should contact Asif Din in IT.
3 Recycling of paper
The council enquired if the correct route for raising recycling issues was through John Evans, Office Services Manager.
Penny agreed that this was the correct route. She also added that she would welcome everyone looking at the paper they use and cutting down if possible. Individuals are reminded that they can also make a difference by turning lights and monitors etc. off.
4 Healthy snack options in snack machines
The council requested that a healthy range of snacks be available from the snack machine.
Penny reminded everyone that the canteen offers healthy lunch-time options. She will discuss the contents of the machine with the leasers (租赁方) when the lease comes up for renewal next month. Feedback to be given at Jan meeting.
5 Removal of study grants
The council expressed regret that study grants for non-professional courses were no longer available. People should be encouraged to take language courses, for example, given our growing international market.
Penny explained that Management felt this money could be better used on paying for courses which would lead to professional qualifications, such as Accountancy, Credit Control. She also suggested that in-house language courses could be taught by members of staff.
Next Meeting: Will be January, precise date to be confirmed
Attendees: Louisa Barlow, Gary Brown, Natalie Cole, Orla Doyle, Tariq Ali, Penny Kacelnik (Personnel Officer)
40. The word “Minutes” is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. unexpected emergencies
B. the duration of a meeting
C. written records of a meeting
D. suggestions from employees
41. What proposal did the Colleague Council put forward?
A. Holding the Colleague Council Meeting four times a year.
B. Allowing the employees to make international calls.
C. Dealing with documents on the computer instead of on paper.
D. Asking the canteen to provide more healthy lunch options.
42. What suggestion did Penny Kacelnik give to those who want to take language courses?
A. Shifting to a course leading to professional qualifications.
B. Applying to the Personnel Office for a special grant.
C. Turning to a colleague who speaks that language.
D. Referring to the growing international market.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要讲述员工委员会会议的相关内容。
【40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据1 Welcome部分“She explained the aim of the Colleague Council—issues which are of concern to staff members can be raised and discussed by the group, and then addressed to Personnel Manager, Penny Kacelnik, in the second half of the meeting.”(她解释了员工委员会的目的，员工关心的问题可以由小组提出和讨论，然后在会议后半段向人事经理Penny Kacelnik提出。)和“MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES”(会议记录中的事项都来源于MINUTES) 可知，MINUTES是指在会议上被提出和讨论的员工关心的问题，一般情况下，会议上这些问题会由秘书记录，所以MINUTES的意思应该是“会议上的书面记录”，和C选项意思一致。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据2 Lifting of International call barring部分“The council asked if it would be possible to have the phone system changed so that international calls can be made.”(委员会询问是否可以改变电话系统，以便拨打国际电话。)可知，委员会上提出要让员工们能够拨打国际电话。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据5 Removal of study grants部分“She also suggested that in-house language courses could be taught by members of staff.”(她还建议，内部语言课程可以由工作人员教授。)可知，Penny Kacelnik建议，想学习语言课程的人员可以向会说这种语言的工作人员学习。故选C。
(C)
We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we are becoming accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive; writing in these pages last year, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better—but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.
Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to substantially reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.
Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is inevitable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.
Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such social spillovers—or externalities, as they’re often called—into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.
43. What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph?
A. We will feel comfortable speaking to others online.
B. AI will lead to shallow inter-personal relationships.
C. AI will enable people to communicate more with others.
D. We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI.
44. In paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________.
A. drivers’ interaction with the cars
B. drivers’ exhaustion and distraction
C. our ability to cooperate with others while driving
D. our ability to deal with emergencies while driving
45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars?
A. They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.
B. They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.
C. They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.
D. They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.
46. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with?
A. Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger.
B. We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it.
C. It is hard to say why social spillovers will work in terms of self-driving cars.
D. More effort should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars.
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点——人工智能会组织人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。
43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. (随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情感和深层次的人际联系。)”可知，作者认为人工智能会阻止我们和身边的人进行更深层次的联系。也就是说，人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越肤浅、浅显。故选B项。
【44题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.(我担心，无人驾驶汽车夺走了我们锻炼这种能力的机会，可能会导致这种它的衰落。)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降。再根据前文“But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation.(但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢?开车是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作。)”可知，“this ability”指的是“high levels of cooperation”，即开车时的合作能力。故选C项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.( 例如，在一辆以稳定不变速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边驾驶了一段时间的司机可能会不太注意驾驶，因此，一旦他们行驶到只有人类司机占据的高速公路路段，发生事故的可能性就会增加。经验表明，与完全遵守交通法规行驶的自动驾驶汽车并排行驶实际上会提高人的表现。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能降低其他车辆中的司机出现交通事故的概率，也就是说它们能使人类驾驶员在其他车辆中更安全。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.(我们必须付出使自动驾驶汽车成为可能的硬件和软件所付出的同样努力，来管理人工智能对车外人员的潜在影响。毕竟，我们在你的车后面安装刹车灯不仅仅是，甚至主要是为了你的利益，而是为了你后面的人。)”可知，作者认为对于自动驾驶汽车，我们应该努力提高它的硬件和软件，让它更加安全。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Authenticating Sushi … and Picassos
A recent study of the seafood industry by Oceana, a conservation group, found that, nationwide, grocery stores mislabeled nearly one-fifth of all the fish they sold. Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time. ___47___ But some merchants seemed to substitute cheap fish like tilapia for more expensive fare on purpose.
DNA bar coding can help uncover such practices. By taking a bit of muscle from a fish and sequencing (测定序列) the DNA inside, scientists can quickly tell one species from another. Bar-coding technology is accessible enough that high-school students have used it to expose fraud (骗局) at restaurants. ___48___ And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.
___49___ Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts. ___50___ Rather than using the artist’s own DNA—which a thief could lift from clothes, rubbish, or hairs—these labels would contain DNA from another creature, with pieces of synthetic DNA woven in. To authenticate the piece, scientists would take DNA from the label, sequence the synthetic hits, and consult a database. Only if the sequence matched the database record would the piece be pronounced genuine.
A. Art is another area where forgery is decreasing due to the resulting profits.
B. DNA could be used to expose fraud in the art world, too.
C. If the technology continues to evolve, consumers could someday bring handheld bar coders to the table.
D. Simple confusion might explain some of the differences, since fish species can be hard to tell apart.
E. The DNA molecule is capable of storing vast amounts of data and can survive for thousands of years.
F. To solve this problem, some scientists have suggested attaching a small plastic label full of DNA to works of art.
【答案】47. D 48. C 49. B 50. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了保护组织Oceana最近对海鲜行业进行的一项研究发现，在全国范围内，食品杂货店对其销售的所有鱼类中近五分之一的鱼贴错了标签。DNA条形码可以帮助揭示这些做法, 并且可以应用到辨别艺术真伪领域。
【47题详解】
上文“Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time.( 寿司店甚至更糟，四分之三的时间都在供应菜单上承诺的以外的鱼)”说明鱼类很容易被贴错标签，空格处说明贴错的原因，D项“简单的混淆可能解释了一些差异，因为鱼类很难区分。”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
下文“And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.( 他们可以自己看看他们是否真的得到了他们点的蓝鳍金枪鱼。)”说明能够自己辨别点的蓝鳍金枪鱼是要有一定的技术，就是使用DNA条形码。C项“如果这项技术继续发展，消费者有朝一日可能会把手持条形码机带到餐桌上。”符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
下文“Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. ( 每年有价值30亿美元的艺术品易手，一些专家估计其中40%是假的。)”说明此处art是关键词，B项“DNA也可以用来揭露艺术界的欺诈行为。”是DNA条形码另一用途，故选B。
【50题详解】
上文“Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts.( 专业认证可能会有所帮助，但最近有关杰克逊·波洛克（Jackson Pollock）、阿梅迪奥·莫迪利亚尼（Amedeo Modigliani）和其他人绘画作品的报道表明，熟练的伪造者甚至可以愚弄最受尊敬的专家。)”说明要解决伪造赝品可以使用DNA条形码，F项“为了解决这个问题，一些科学家建议在艺术品上贴上一个装满DNA的小塑料标签。”承接上文，故选F。
IV .Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief History of Silk
Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself.
Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread.
Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk.
Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Comfortable to wear, silk is as popular today as it was first manufactured. However it’s basic silk-production process has little changed since it was originally produced in China. With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸的历史：丝绸缎优点、生产过程、出口以及丝绸之路的形成和未来广阔的市场。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured.
②Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began.
③Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
④the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
2.缜密构思
将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
However it’s basic silk-production process has changed little very little since it first began.
As a result of so much silk was exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.
The beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
【点睛】[高分句型1] With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.运用一个with复合结构对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 用固定句型It is expected to be对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 你不该把你的未来寄托在任何一个人的承诺上。(base)(汉译英)
【答案】You shouldn’t base your future on the promises of any person.
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语和名词。主语是you，谓语动词是“不应该把...寄托在”情态动词+动词原形，表示为should’t base...on，宾语是“你的未来”以及“任何一个人的承诺”表示为your future和the promises of any person.故翻译为You shouldn't base your future on the promises of any person.。
53. 切莫歧视残疾人，否则你将受到法律惩处。（subject）(汉译英)
【答案】Don’t discriminate against the disabled, or you will be subjected to the law.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定短语、冠词、连词。表达“切莫”为动词don’t，位于句首需要大写字母“D”；“歧视”为固定短语discriminate against；表示“残疾人”可以用定冠词the加形容词disabled表示一类人；or用于祈使句后表示结果，意为“否则”；根据句意中“将受到”可知，需要用一般将来时态；表示“受到……”可以用短语be subjected to。故翻译为Don’t discriminate against the disabled, or you will be subjected to the law.
54. 虽然现在越来越多的人会使用电脑来输入文字，但我希望手写永远能有其一席之地。(although) (汉译英)
【答案】Although more and more people are using computers to type words, I hope handwriting can always have its place.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句，宾语从句。“虽然”译为although，引导让步状语从句；“越来越多的人”译为more and more people；“使用”译为use，分析句子语意可知，表示当下人们使用电脑的情况，所以应为现在进行时，主语为复数，故为are using；“计算机”译为computer，为可数名词，故为复数computers；“来输入文字”应为目的状语to type words；所以让步状语从句译为although more and more people are using computers to type words。“我希望”译为I hope，后接宾语从句，连接词that可省略；“手写”译为handwriting；“能够永远有”译为情态动词加动词原形can have，插入频度副词always；“一席之地”译为短语have one’s place，照应主语handwriting，应为have its place；所以主句译为I hope handwriting can always have its place。故翻译为Although more and more people are using computers to type words, I hope handwriting can always have its place.
55. 阅读能激发孩子们的想象力、创造力，还能帮助他们认识世界，形成对于人生、对于未来的基本态度。(not only) (汉译英)
【答案】Reading can not only stimulate children's imagination and creativity but also help them to understand the world and form a basic attitude towards life and the future.
【解析】
【详解】考查连词、动名词、动词、名词和短语。分析句意可知，本句的时态可用一般现在时，用not only……but also表示“不但……而且”来连接两个谓语动词；表示“阅读”用动名词reading，作主语，且位于句首的首字母要大写；表示“激发”和“帮助”用动词stimulate和help，作谓语，且用not only……but also来连接这两个动词；表示“孩子的想象力和创造力”可用名词短语children's imagination and creativity；表示“帮助某人做某事”可用固定搭配help sb to do sth；表示“认识世界”可用固定短语understand the world；表示“形成”可用动词form；表示“对……的基本态度”可用固定短语a basic attitude towards；表示“人生和未来”可用短语life and the future。故答案为Reading can not only stimulate children's imagination and creativity, but also help them to understand the world and form a basic attitude towards life and the future。
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近英国朋友Bill发来邮件，说想学中文，有两种课程二选一，请你推荐一个。内容包括：
1. 你的推荐
2. 通过比较说明理由
课程1听说
课程2故事读写
教授内容 日常会话
课时 周一，周四 晚上7：30-8：30
共8周
授课方式 全中文
教授内容 故事阅读及写作
课时 每周五 7：30-8：30
共16周
授课方式 中英文
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Bill,
I’m more than glad that you are so interested in learning Chinese. Two courses are provided for foreigners—one is Listening and Speaking, the other is Story Reading and Writing. I advise you to choose the latter one.
Compared to Listening and Speaking, which is just teach you some simple daily dialogues, Story Reading and Writing can take you to enjoy more skills of the use of Chinese. Besides, this course takes place on Friday nights, just taking up your little spare time. What’s the most important is that it is taught both in Chinese and English, which makes no difficulty for you to understand what the teachers explain in classes.
Hope my suggestions can be of great help to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给想学中文的英国朋友Bill推荐一个学习汉语的课程。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than→very
建议：advise→suggest
此外：Besides→what’s more
有很大帮助的：be of great help→be greatly helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, this course takes place on Friday nights, just taking up your little spare time.
拓展句：Besides, this course takes place on Friday nights, which just takes up your little spare time.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than glad that you are so interested in learning Chinese.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Compared to Listening and Speaking, which is just teach you some simple daily dialogues, Story Reading and Writing can take you to enjoy more skills of the use of Chinese.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that it is taught both in Chinese and English, which makes no difficulty for you to understand what the teachers explain in classes.（由What引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型4】Hope my suggestions can be of great help to you.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句）
上海市复兴高级中学2022学年第一学期期中考试
英语考试试卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is tired of teaching. B. She no longer works here.
C. She has just resigned. D. She is too busy.
2. A. Have a blood test. B. Drink less wine.
C. Consume more alcohol. D. Watch his weight.
3. A. She doesn’t need any dessert.
B. She wants to eat more to feel full.
C. She prefers something else for dessert.
D. She doesn’t think the ice cream is good.
4. A. $8. B. $10. C. $18. D. $80.
5. A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
6. A. He’ll move into his new apartment in a couple of months.
B. He’d like the woman to find him a new apartment.
C. The apartment might be too expensive for him.
D. The apartment is far from his expectation.
7. A. He paid a high price for his new cellphone.
B. He has just earned a big sum of money.
C. He is pleased with his new purchase.
D. He loves doing shopping.
8. A. She couldn’t find her watch.
B. She feels bad about being late.
C. She forgot what time the library closed.
D. She had never agreed to meet the man.
9. A. The man is too tired to go out.
B. The woman insists on going out.
C. The man promised the woman a gift on her birthday.
D. The woman prefers to stay at home at their wedding anniversary.
10. A. She wouldn’t consider going on the field trip.
B. She thinks the class is too difficult for the man.
C. She has been on the trip herself and has enjoyed it.
D. She thinks there’s a good reason to take the field trip.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They thinned their coffee crops.
B. They planted too much coffee crops.
C. They occupied Venezuela’s mountains.
D. They drove away red siskins from the forest.
12. A. They can get funds from the government.
B. They can sell the coffee beans at a higher price.
C. They can prevent coffee plants from disappearing.
D. They can attract more consumers with the quality beans.
13. A. Organic coffee beans developed to increase the production.
B. Coffee farmers who are devoted to bird protection.
C. A project intended to save an endangered bird.
D. A private zoo serving as a breeding center.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The different types of commercial jingle.
B. The early years of the commercial jingle.
C. The importance of the commercial jingle.
D. The reason why the commercial jingle emerges.
15. A. In the early1920s. B. In 1926.
C. In the early 1930s. D. In 1936.
16. A. Televisions began to take the place of radios gradually.
B. The public was more likely to be impacted by words sung with music.
C. The market in the United States started to care about consumers’ taste.
D. The direct promotion of products was not allowed in peak listening hours.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It stops growing in size while you are approaching 40.
B. It keeps developing until you are in the late 40s.
C. It stops developing while you are 18.
D. It keeps growing in size all your life.
18. A. They interact with each other less often than thought.
B. The left side is more responsible face recognition.
C. The right side deals mainly with math and logic.
D. They need to work together to function.
19. A. Fried chickens. B. Hamburgers.
C. Sugary drinks. D. Plain water.
20. A. It gets the brain to become stronger.
B. It helps the production of new brain cells.
C. It enables the brain to consume less oxygen.
D. It allows the brain to remain active all day long.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Hello, I’m Everything Oholic
Have you always blamed your chocolate habit and inability to stop smoking on your ‘addictive’ personality? According to science, there’s no such thing…
It’s a widely ____1____ (hold) belief that some people are just hardwired to be addicted. But is there actually any evidence ____2____ this? According to addiction expert Prof Robert West, there isn’t. However, there are personality characteristics, like anxiety, depression and impulse control problems, that ____3____ make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的) to addiction. He says this is an important distinction, because the term ‘addictive personality’ implies that if a person stops one additive behaviour, they’ll just start another, and that’s not what happens. If a person has underlying risk factors for addiction, ____4____ it’s related to their mental health, their personality, or other factors such as a family history, then stopping one behaviour will not then make them immune (免疫的) to the risk of other addictions. But they won’t be more at risk of another addiction just ____5____ they overcame one.
West points to research____6____ investigated the impact of stopping smoking on a person’s drinking behaviour. Studies have found that when people stop smoking, they also show a short-term reduction in alcohol consumption, which gradually returns to the level it was at before ____7____ (quit) smoking. But alcohol consumption doesn’t increase after they stop smoking, and the same is true of smoking heaviness when people give up alcohol. “If anything, stopping ____8____ can be helpful in stopping or reducing the other,” says West. Of course, there are exceptions and stories of individuals who have given up one substance or behaviour, only____9____ (have) another take over their lives. According to West, while the vulnerabilities are still there, there’s no evidence that an addictive personality_____10_____ (exist).
【答案】1. held
2. for 3. can
4. and 5. because
6. which##that
7. quitting
8. one 9. to have
10. exists
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为，有些人天生就上瘾。但事实上没有证据证明这一点。
【1题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：人们普遍认为，有些人天生就上瘾。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词belief与动词hold是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填held。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：但事实上有证据证明这一点吗？分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。evidence常与介词for搭配。故填for。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：然而，有些性格特征，如焦虑、抑郁和冲动控制问题，会使人更容易上瘾。根据空格后的动词原形make可知，空格处应填入情态动词。由句意可知，此处指“可能会”，故用can。故填can。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果一个人有成瘾的潜在危险因素，并且与他们的心理健康、性格或其他因素（如家族史）有关，那么停止一种行为并不能使他们免受其他成瘾的风险。分析句子可知，空格处应填入连词。由句意可知，此处是并列关系，故用and。
【5题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：但是，他们不会因为克服了一种瘾就更容易再次上瘾。分析句子可知，空格处应填入从属连词。由句意可知，此处是因果关系，故用because引导。故填because。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：韦斯特指出，一项研究调查了戒烟对一个人饮酒行为的影响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入定语从句引导词。先行词是research，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。故填which/that。
【7题详解】
考查动名词。句意：研究发现，当人们停止吸烟时，他们的饮酒量也会短期减少，并逐渐恢复到戒烟前的水平。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词。是介词，后用动名词作宾语。before doing sth.意为“在做某事之前”。故填quitting。
【8题详解】
考查代词。句意：韦斯特说：“如果有什么不同的话，停止一个可以有助于停止或减少另一个。”分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词one作宾语，和后面的the other相对应。故填one。
【9题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：当然，也有一些例外和故事，一些人放弃了一种物质或行为，只是为了让另一种物质接管他们的生活。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。only to do是固定结构，在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。故填to have。
【10题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：根据韦斯特的说法，尽管脆弱性仍然存在，但没有证据表明上瘾的人格存在。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文判断，此处应用一般现在时。主语是an addictive personality，单数，故谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。故填exists。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. literally B. barrier C. Eventually D. find
E. examines F. features G. innovations H. mean
I. professional J. striking K. well-positioned
The Best Company to Work For
Every year, Fortune magazine published a list of the ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’. How does the magazine choose the companies? Firstly, it uses a survey: 350 employees answer 57 questions about their company. Secondly, Fortune looks at important ___11___ of companies: for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine ___12___ the results to find its Top 100.
Wegmans Food Markets, which ranks No. 1 on the list, has a motto (座右铭), ‘Employees first, customers second’, and it is also one of the 50 largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of $3.6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no ___13___ to making money.
How much of Wegmans’ success is due to the company’s policies? ‘Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us,’ says one employee. ‘On the other hand, no company gets rich just by not being ___14___ to its employees. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and it’s ___15___ within the community. I’ve been here for 15 years. Looking back, I’d say that the company’s ___16___ for customers, such as the Shoppers’ Club electronic discount programme in the 1990s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff. ’
But the employee benefits are ___17___. Fundamentally, Wegmans believes in ___18___ development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. ___19___, she started selling the cookies in Wegmans. ‘I just asked the manager,’ she says. ‘While looking back, I think should have asked earlier. I could have made more money!’
The staff’s freedom to make decisions is another thing you won’t ____20____ everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to please the customers. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer because the woman’s turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven.
【答案】11. F 12. E
13. B 14. H
15. K 16. G
17. J 18. I
19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了《财富》杂志每年如何选出最佳工作公司。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：其次，《财富》杂志关注公司的重要特征：例如，薪酬、福利以及员工和管理层之间的沟通。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意，此处指“特征”，故选features。故答案为F。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：最后，该杂志对结果进行检查，以找到其前100名。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上句“Fortune looks at important ___1___ of companies”可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语是单数，谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。根据句意，此处指“检查”，故选examines。故答案为E。
13题详解】
考查名词。句意：显然，对员工好并不是赚钱的障碍。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作表语。根据句意，此处指“障碍”，故选barrier。故答案为B。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一方面，没有一家公司仅仅通过对员工不吝啬而致富。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“吝啬的”，故选mean。be mean to sb.固定短语，意为“对某人吝啬”。故答案为H。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Wegmans有很好的营销策略，并且在社区中定位良好。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“定位良好的”，故选well-positioned。故答案为K。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：回过头来看，我想说，该公司为客户所做的创新，如20世纪90年代的“购物者俱乐部”电子折扣计划，对员工的福利同样重要。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作主语。且根据谓语动词“have been”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。根据句意，此处指“创新”，故选 innovations。故答案为G。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但员工福利却令人震惊。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“令人震惊的”，故选striking。故答案为J。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：从根本上讲，韦格曼相信职业发展。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词development。根据句意，此处指“职业的”，故选professional。故答案为I。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：最终，她开始在韦格曼出售饼干。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“最终”，故选Eventually。故答案为C。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：员工做出决定的自由是另一件你在任何地方都找不到的事情。根据空格前的情态动词“won’t”可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，此处指“找到”，故选find。故答案为D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Look both ways before you cross the street! Look left, right and left again!” These classic childhood ___21___ lessons are passed on from generation to generation. Yet traffic accidents remain one of the most common ___22___ of injuries and deaths for children around the world.
Past studies have found that youngsters are less good at ___23___ road hazards than adults, but Anat Meir, a lecturer in industrial engineering and management at Ben-Gurion University of the Negeve and the Holon Institute of Technology in Israel, wanted to pinpoint exactly which behaviors lead to accidents, with the goal of finding ways to ___24___ them.
To do that without putting anyone in danger, she turned to virtual reality. In 2013 Meir and her colleagues simulated (模拟) 18 streets in Israel and used an eye-tracking device to study how 46 adults and children (ranging in age from seven to 13) evaluated when it was safe to cross. Children aged seven to nine, they found, exhibited the least ___25___ when crossing, typically deciding to step into the virtual road with little or no hesitation, even when their field of vision was restricted. “We had parents looking on who were like, ‘Wow, I cannot believe my child just crossed there!’” Meir says. “It caused them to ___26___ their child’s road-crossing abilities.” The older children did not perform much ___27___, though for different reasons. They often stayed on the curb (路缘) for an improper amount of time—a(n) ___28___ that they are less able to distinguish between safe and hazardous situations than adults—and in interviews did not express an understanding of how ___29___ such as car speed and field of vision affect crossing safety.
___30___ do seem to improve crossing success. In Meir’s most recent study, described in Accident Analysis & Prevention, two dozen seven-to nine-year-olds underwent 40 minutes of hazard-detection training. Afterward, Meir and her colleagues ___31___ trainees’ and control kids’ performances in the virtual road-crossing task. The children who ___32___ safety instructions were significantly better at crossing than the control subjects—to the point that their crossing skills were similar to those of adults.
Next, Meir and policy makers aim to figure out how to translate these findings into the ___33___ world. “These results are important because you cannot find solutions without a(n) ___34___ of the problem,” says Joseph Kearney, a professor of computer science at the University of Iowa. “Now it’s up to people with their feet on the ground to determine how they can develop ___35___ programs for children and for parents about good road-crossing habits.”
21. A. safety B. science C. vision D. indication
22. A. sources B. categories C. levels D. results
23. A. encountering B. identifying C. presenting D. recalling
24. A. perform B. ignore C. correct D. define
25. A. caution B. interest C. emotion D. relief
26. A. record B. recover C. reinvent D. reassess
27. A. worse B. better C. more quickly D. more slowly
28. A. decision B. indication C. prediction D. instruction
29. A. examples B. ideas C. factors D. insights
30. A. Motivations B. Observations C. Prohibitions D. Interventions
31. A. combined B. restricted C. compared D. separated
32. A. designed B. revealed C. emphasized D. received
33. A. outside B. old C. real D. modern
34. A. feature B. tackling C. intensity D. understanding
35. A. testing B. learning C. training D. planning
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以色列本-古里安大学和霍伦理工学院的工业工程与管理讲师阿纳特·梅尔一项关于儿童过马路的一项研究。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些经典的儿童安全课程代代相传。A. safety安全；B. science科学；C. vision视野；D. indication暗示。根据上文“Look both ways before you cross the street! Look left, right and left again!(过马路前看看两边!向左看，向右看，再向左看!)”可知，这些都是对儿童安全方面的一些教育，所以此处用safety表示“安全”课程，符合语境。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，交通事故仍然是世界各地儿童伤亡最常见的原因之一。A. sources来源、原因；B. categories分类；C. levels水平；D. results结果。分析句意再根据空格后的of injuries and deaths可知，此处用sources表示伤亡的“原因”符合语境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去的研究发现，年轻人识别道路危险的能力不如成年人，但以色列本-古里安大学和霍伦理工学院的工业工程与管理讲师阿纳特·梅尔想要精确查明哪些行为会导致事故，并找到纠正这些行为的方法。A. encountering遭遇；B. identifying识别；C. presenting呈现；D. recalling回想起。分析句意再根据空格后的road hazards可知，此处用identifying表示“识别”道路危险，符合语境。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. perform表现；B. ignore忽视；C. correct纠正；D. define下定义。根据上文“wanted to pinpoint exactly which behaviors lead to accidents(想要精确定位哪些行为会导致事故)”可知，此处用correct表示找到“纠正”这些行为的方法，符合语境。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，7到9岁的儿童在过马路时最不谨慎，通常会毫不犹豫地决定跨入虚拟道路，即使他们的视野受到限制。A. caution谨慎；B. interest兴趣；C. emotion情感；D. relief宽慰。根据下文“typically deciding to step into the virtual road with little or no hesitation(通常情况下，他们会毫不犹豫地踏上虚拟道路)”可知，儿童在过马路的时候是不够谨慎的，所以此处用caution与前面的least搭配，表示“最不谨慎”符合语境。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这促使他们重新评估孩子的过马路能力。A. record记录；B. recover恢复；C. reinvent重新创造；D. reassess重新评估。根据上文“Wow, I cannot believe my child just crossed there!(哇，我不敢相信我的孩子刚刚穿过那里!)”可知，父母是对孩子穿过马路感到惊讶的，所以此处用reassess表示“重新评估”孩子过马路的能力，符合语境。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：大一点的孩子表现得并不好，尽管原因不同。A. worse更糟糕；B. better更好；C. more quickly更迅速；D. more slowly更缓慢。根据下文“They often stayed on the curb (路缘) for an improper amount of time(他们经常在路沿上停留的时间不适当)”可知，此处用better与前面的not连用表示大一点孩子表现“不太好”符合语境。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们经常在路沿上停留的时间不适当——这表明他们比成年人更不能区分安全和危险的情况——在采访中，他们对车速和视野等因素如何影响过马路安全表示不理解。A. decision决定；B. indication表明、暗示；C. prediction预测；D. instruction指导。根据下文“they are less able to distinguish between safe and hazardous situations than adults(他们在区分安全和危险情况方面的能力不如成年人)”可知，这种情况是一种暗示，所以此处用indication表示“表明、暗示”符合语境。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. examples例子；B. ideas想法；C. factors因素；D. insights洞察力。根据下文“such as car speed and field of vision affect crossing safety(如车速和视野等影响过马路安全)”可知，此处说得是一些影响过马路安全的一些因素，所以用factors表示“因素”符合语境。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：干预似乎确实提高了跨越的成功率。A. Motivations动机；B. Observations观察；C. Prohibitions禁止；D. Interventions干预。根据下文“two dozen seven-to nine-year-olds underwent 40 minutes of hazard-detection training(24名7到9岁的儿童接受了40分钟的危险探测训练)”可知，这些训练属于干预活动，所以此处用Interventions表示“干预”提高了跨越的成功率，符合语境。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，梅尔和她的同事比较了训练生和控制生在虚拟过马路任务中的表现。A. combined结合；B. restricted限制；C. compared比较；D. separated分开。根据下文的“trainees’ and control kids’ performances(训练生和控制生的表现)”可知，此处用compared表示“比较”两者的表现，符合语境。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受安全指导的儿童在过马路方面明显优于对照组——在某种程度上，他们的过马路技巧与成年人相似。A. designed设计；B. revealed透露；C. emphasized强调；D. received收到、接受。分析句意再根据空格后的safety instructions可知，此处用received表示“接受”安全指导的儿童，符合语境。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来，梅尔和政策制定者的目标是弄清楚如何将这些发现转化为现实世界。A. outside外面的；B. old旧的、古老的；C. real现实的；D. modern现代的。分析句意再根据空格前的translate可知，此处用real表示把这些研究转化应用到“现实”世界中，符合语境故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些结果很重要，因为如果不了解问题，就无法找到解决方案。A. feature特点；B. tackling处理；C. intensity强度；D. understanding理解。分析句意再根据空格后的problem可知，此处用understanding表示对问题的“理解”符合语境。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，该由那些脚踏实地的人来决定如何为孩子和父母制定有关良好过马路习惯的培训项目了。A. testing在测试的；B. learning学习的；C. training培训的；D. planning计划的。根据下文“good road-crossing habits(良好的过马路习惯)”可知，此处用training表示制定关于这一习惯的“培训”项目，符合语境。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Visitors to HENN-NA, a restaurant outside Nagasaki, Japan, are greeted by an odd sight: their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator. H. I. S., the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage, turned to automation partly out of necessity. Japan’s population is shrinking, and its economy is booming; the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent. “Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,” said CEO Hideo Sawada.
Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan’s hotels will be automated in the next five years. “It takes about a year to two to get your money back,” he said. “But since you can work them 24 hours a day, and they don’t need vacation, eventually it’s more cost-efficient to use the robot.”
This may seem like a vision of the future best suited—perhaps only suited—to Japan. But according to Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated. Chui’s latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies.
The robots, in fact, are already here. Chowbotics, a company in Redwood City, California, manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen. Botlr, a robot butler, now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country.
This seems to be worrying. America’s economy isn’t developing nearly as smoothly as Japan’s, and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels, which have added more jobs than almost any other industry. That growth, in fact, has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries. The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13. 7 million American. Since 2013, it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing.
These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not. When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel, human beings want to interact with other human beings—or so we thought. The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we’ll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency. They’re also confident that adding robots won’t necessarily mean cutting human jobs.
36. According to the writer, why was it partly out of necessity that H. I. S. turned to automation?
A. It’s hard to find employees in Japan.
B. The Japanese are used to using robots.
C. Robotic technology is advanced in Japan.
D. Japan’s economy develops less fast than expected.
37. According to Michael Chui, which of the following statements is true?
A. It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry.
B. Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots.
C. Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters.
D. Robots now perform 54% of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels.
38. Why does the automation in American restaurants and hotels seem worrying?
A. The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated.
B. America’s economy is developing at an unexpected rate.
C. Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry.
D. These two industries contribute much to America’s employment rate.
39. It can be inferred that companies bringing robots into the service industry think that ________.
A. the human touch may not matter that much
B. profit is more important than customer satisfaction
C. manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction
D. robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了日本有名的HENN-NA餐馆使用机器人为人们提供服务，并分析了人工智能带来的利与弊。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“H. I. S., the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage, turned to automation partly out of necessity. Japan’s population is shrinking, and its economy is booming; the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent. “Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,” said CEO Hideo Sawada.”（经营这家餐厅的公司H. I. S.，以及附近一家由机器人为客人办理入住手续并帮助他们搬运行李的酒店，在一定程度上转向自动化，是出于需要。日本的人口在减少，经济却在蓬勃发展；失业率只有2.8%。首席执行官Hideo Sawada表示:“在日本这样的国家，使用机器人很有意义。”）可知，根据作者的说法，H. I. S.转向了自动化在一定程度上是出于必要因为在日本很难找到员工。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But according to Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated. Chui’s latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies.”（但麦肯锡全球研究所的合伙人Michael Chui认为，食品服务和住宿行业的许多工作都是很容易自动化的。Chui的最新研究估计，美国餐馆和酒店中54%的工作可以通过现有技术实现自动化。）可知，根据Michael Chui，餐厅工作人员很容易被机器人取代。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This seems to be worrying. America’s economy isn’t developing nearly as smoothly as Japan’s, and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels, which have added more jobs than almost any other industry. That growth, in fact, has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries. The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13. 7 million American. Since 2013, it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing.”（这似乎令人担忧。美国经济发展远没有日本那么顺利，近年来为数不多的亮点之一是餐饮业和酒店业的就业，这两个行业创造的就业机会几乎超过了其他任何行业。事实上，这种增长有助于减轻自动化给其他行业带来的冲击。食品服务和住宿行业现在雇佣了13人。700万美国人。自2013年以来，它提供的就业岗位已经超过了制造业。）可知，美国餐馆和酒店的自动化看起来令人担忧因为这两个行业对美国的就业率贡献很大。故选D。
39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not. When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel, human beings want to interact with other human beings—or so we thought. The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we’ll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency. They’re also confident that adding robots won’t necessarily mean cutting human jobs.”（这些新岗位一度似乎不会受到机器人的影响，因为它们需要人的接触，而制造业或采矿业的工作则不需要。当点一杯咖啡或入住酒店时，人类想要与他人互动——至少我们是这么认为的。将机器人引入服务行业的公司是在打赌，我们会乐于用与机器人服务员的关系来换取更高的效率。他们还相信，增加机器人并不一定意味着减少人类的工作。）可知，将机器人引入服务行业的公司认为机器人将以效率为代价抢走人类的工作。故选A。
(B)
Colleague Council Meeting 3rd Oct 20
Chairperson: Jane Simmons
Minutes Secretary: Liz Bateman
1 Welcome
Jane Simmons welcomed all colleagues to the meeting. She explained the aim of the Colleague Council—issues which are of concern to staff members can be raised and discussed by the group, and then addressed to Personnel Manager, Penny Kacelnik, in the second half of the meeting. Meetings will be held four times a year.
MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES
2 Lifting of International call barring
The council asked if it would be possible to have the phone system changed so that international calls can be made.
All phones in Sales & Marketing will be modified in November to allow for international calls. Anyone else who needs to call overseas should contact Asif Din in IT.
3 Recycling of paper
The council enquired if the correct route for raising recycling issues was through John Evans, Office Services Manager.
Penny agreed that this was the correct route. She also added that she would welcome everyone looking at the paper they use and cutting down if possible. Individuals are reminded that they can also make a difference by turning lights and monitors etc. off.
4 Healthy snack options in snack machines
The council requested that a healthy range of snacks be available from the snack machine.
Penny reminded everyone that the canteen offers healthy lunch-time options. She will discuss the contents of the machine with the leasers (租赁方) when the lease comes up for renewal next month. Feedback to be given at Jan meeting.
5 Removal of study grants
The council expressed regret that study grants for non-professional courses were no longer available. People should be encouraged to take language courses, for example, given our growing international market.
Penny explained that Management felt this money could be better used on paying for courses which would lead to professional qualifications, such as Accountancy, Credit Control. She also suggested that in-house language courses could be taught by members of staff.
Next Meeting: Will be January, precise date to be confirmed
Attendees: Louisa Barlow, Gary Brown, Natalie Cole, Orla Doyle, Tariq Ali, Penny Kacelnik (Personnel Officer)
40. The word “Minutes” is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. unexpected emergencies
B. the duration of a meeting
C. written records of a meeting
D. suggestions from employees
41. What proposal did the Colleague Council put forward?
A. Holding the Colleague Council Meeting four times a year.
B. Allowing the employees to make international calls.
C. Dealing with documents on the computer instead of on paper.
D. Asking the canteen to provide more healthy lunch options.
42. What suggestion did Penny Kacelnik give to those who want to take language courses?
A. Shifting to a course leading to professional qualifications.
B. Applying to the Personnel Office for a special grant.
C. Turning to a colleague who speaks that language.
D. Referring to the growing international market.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要讲述员工委员会会议的相关内容。
【40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据1 Welcome部分“She explained the aim of the Colleague Council—issues which are of concern to staff members can be raised and discussed by the group, and then addressed to Personnel Manager, Penny Kacelnik, in the second half of the meeting.”(她解释了员工委员会的目的，员工关心的问题可以由小组提出和讨论，然后在会议后半段向人事经理Penny Kacelnik提出。)和“MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES”(会议记录中的事项都来源于MINUTES) 可知，MINUTES是指在会议上被提出和讨论的员工关心的问题，一般情况下，会议上这些问题会由秘书记录，所以MINUTES的意思应该是“会议上的书面记录”，和C选项意思一致。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据2 Lifting of International call barring部分“The council asked if it would be possible to have the phone system changed so that international calls can be made.”(委员会询问是否可以改变电话系统，以便拨打国际电话。)可知，委员会上提出要让员工们能够拨打国际电话。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据5 Removal of study grants部分“She also suggested that in-house language courses could be taught by members of staff.”(她还建议，内部语言课程可以由工作人员教授。)可知，Penny Kacelnik建议，想学习语言课程的人员可以向会说这种语言的工作人员学习。故选C。
(C)
We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we are becoming accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive; writing in these pages last year, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better—but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.
Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to substantially reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.
Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is inevitable), they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.
Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such social spillovers—or externalities, as they’re often called—into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.
43. What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph?
A. We will feel comfortable speaking to others online.
B. AI will lead to shallow inter-personal relationships.
C. AI will enable people to communicate more with others.
D. We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI.
44. In paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in ________.
A. drivers’ interaction with the cars
B. drivers’ exhaustion and distraction
C. our ability to cooperate with others while driving
D. our ability to deal with emergencies while driving
45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars?
A. They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.
B. They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.
C. They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.
D. They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.
46. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with?
A. Brake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger.
B. We should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it.
C. It is hard to say why social spillovers will work in terms of self-driving cars.
D. More effort should be made to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars.
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点——人工智能会组织人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。
43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. (随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情感和深层次的人际联系。)”可知，作者认为人工智能会阻止我们和身边的人进行更深层次的联系。也就是说，人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越肤浅、浅显。故选B项。
【44题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.(我担心，无人驾驶汽车夺走了我们锻炼这种能力的机会，可能会导致这种它的衰落。)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降。再根据前文“But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation.(但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢?开车是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作。)”可知，“this ability”指的是“high levels of cooperation”，即开车时的合作能力。故选C项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.( 例如，在一辆以稳定不变速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边驾驶了一段时间的司机可能会不太注意驾驶，因此，一旦他们行驶到只有人类司机占据的高速公路路段，发生事故的可能性就会增加。经验表明，与完全遵守交通法规行驶的自动驾驶汽车并排行驶实际上会提高人的表现。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能降低其他车辆中的司机出现交通事故的概率，也就是说它们能使人类驾驶员在其他车辆中更安全。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.(我们必须付出使自动驾驶汽车成为可能的硬件和软件所付出的同样努力，来管理人工智能对车外人员的潜在影响。毕竟，我们在你的车后面安装刹车灯不仅仅是，甚至主要是为了你的利益，而是为了你后面的人。)”可知，作者认为对于自动驾驶汽车，我们应该努力提高它的硬件和软件，让它更加安全。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Authenticating Sushi … and Picassos
A recent study of the seafood industry by Oceana, a conservation group, found that, nationwide, grocery stores mislabeled nearly one-fifth of all the fish they sold. Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time. ___47___ But some merchants seemed to substitute cheap fish like tilapia for more expensive fare on purpose.
DNA bar coding can help uncover such practices. By taking a bit of muscle from a fish and sequencing (测定序列) the DNA inside, scientists can quickly tell one species from another. Bar-coding technology is accessible enough that high-school students have used it to expose fraud (骗局) at restaurants. ___48___ And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.
___49___ Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts. ___50___ Rather than using the artist’s own DNA—which a thief could lift from clothes, rubbish, or hairs—these labels would contain DNA from another creature, with pieces of synthetic DNA woven in. To authenticate the piece, scientists would take DNA from the label, sequence the synthetic hits, and consult a database. Only if the sequence matched the database record would the piece be pronounced genuine.
A. Art is another area where forgery is decreasing due to the resulting profits.
B. DNA could be used to expose fraud in the art world, too.
C. If the technology continues to evolve, consumers could someday bring handheld bar coders to the table.
D. Simple confusion might explain some of the differences, since fish species can be hard to tell apart.
E. The DNA molecule is capable of storing vast amounts of data and can survive for thousands of years.
F. To solve this problem, some scientists have suggested attaching a small plastic label full of DNA to works of art.
【答案】47. D 48. C 49. B 50. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了保护组织Oceana最近对海鲜行业进行的一项研究发现，在全国范围内，食品杂货店对其销售的所有鱼类中近五分之一的鱼贴错了标签。DNA条形码可以帮助揭示这些做法, 并且可以应用到辨别艺术真伪领域。
【47题详解】
上文“Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time.( 寿司店甚至更糟，四分之三的时间都在供应菜单上承诺的以外的鱼)”说明鱼类很容易被贴错标签，空格处说明贴错的原因，D项“简单的混淆可能解释了一些差异，因为鱼类很难区分。”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
下文“And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.( 他们可以自己看看他们是否真的得到了他们点的蓝鳍金枪鱼。)”说明能够自己辨别点的蓝鳍金枪鱼是要有一定的技术，就是使用DNA条形码。C项“如果这项技术继续发展，消费者有朝一日可能会把手持条形码机带到餐桌上。”符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
下文“Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. ( 每年有价值30亿美元的艺术品易手，一些专家估计其中40%是假的。)”说明此处art是关键词，B项“DNA也可以用来揭露艺术界的欺诈行为。”是DNA条形码另一用途，故选B。
【50题详解】
上文“Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts.( 专业认证可能会有所帮助，但最近有关杰克逊·波洛克（Jackson Pollock）、阿梅迪奥·莫迪利亚尼（Amedeo Modigliani）和其他人绘画作品的报道表明，熟练的伪造者甚至可以愚弄最受尊敬的专家。)”说明要解决伪造赝品可以使用DNA条形码，F项“为了解决这个问题，一些科学家建议在艺术品上贴上一个装满DNA的小塑料标签。”承接上文，故选F。
IV .Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief History of Silk
Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself.
Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread.
Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk.
Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Comfortable to wear, silk is as popular today as it was first manufactured. However it’s basic silk-production process has little changed since it was originally produced in China. With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸的历史：丝绸缎优点、生产过程、出口以及丝绸之路的形成和未来广阔的市场。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured.
②Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began.
③Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
④the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
2.缜密构思
将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
However it’s basic silk-production process has changed little very little since it first began.
As a result of so much silk was exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.
The beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
【点睛】[高分句型1] With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.运用一个with复合结构对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 用固定句型It is expected to be对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 你不该把你的未来寄托在任何一个人的承诺上。(base)(汉译英)
【答案】You shouldn’t base your future on the promises of any person.
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语和名词。主语是you，谓语动词是“不应该把...寄托在”情态动词+动词原形，表示为should’t base...on，宾语是“你的未来”以及“任何一个人的承诺”表示为your future和the promises of any person.故翻译为You shouldn't base your future on the promises of any person.。
53. 切莫歧视残疾人，否则你将受到法律惩处。（subject）(汉译英)
【答案】Don’t discriminate against the disabled, or you will be subjected to the law.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定短语、冠词、连词。表达“切莫”为动词don’t，位于句首需要大写字母“D”；“歧视”为固定短语discriminate against；表示“残疾人”可以用定冠词the加形容词disabled表示一类人；or用于祈使句后表示结果，意为“否则”；根据句意中“将受到”可知，需要用一般将来时态；表示“受到……”可以用短语be subjected to。故翻译为Don’t discriminate against the disabled, or you will be subjected to the law.
54. 虽然现在越来越多的人会使用电脑来输入文字，但我希望手写永远能有其一席之地。(although) (汉译英)
【答案】Although more and more people are using computers to type words, I hope handwriting can always have its place.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句，宾语从句。“虽然”译为although，引导让步状语从句；“越来越多的人”译为more and more people；“使用”译为use，分析句子语意可知，表示当下人们使用电脑的情况，所以应为现在进行时，主语为复数，故为are using；“计算机”译为computer，为可数名词，故为复数computers；“来输入文字”应为目的状语to type words；所以让步状语从句译为although more and more people are using computers to type words。“我希望”译为I hope，后接宾语从句，连接词that可省略；“手写”译为handwriting；“能够永远有”译为情态动词加动词原形can have，插入频度副词always；“一席之地”译为短语have one’s place，照应主语handwriting，应为have its place；所以主句译为I hope handwriting can always have its place。故翻译为Although more and more people are using computers to type words, I hope handwriting can always have its place.
55. 阅读能激发孩子们的想象力、创造力，还能帮助他们认识世界，形成对于人生、对于未来的基本态度。(not only) (汉译英)
【答案】Reading can not only stimulate children's imagination and creativity but also help them to understand the world and form a basic attitude towards life and the future.
【解析】
【详解】考查连词、动名词、动词、名词和短语。分析句意可知，本句的时态可用一般现在时，用not only……but also表示“不但……而且”来连接两个谓语动词；表示“阅读”用动名词reading，作主语，且位于句首的首字母要大写；表示“激发”和“帮助”用动词stimulate和help，作谓语，且用not only……but also来连接这两个动词；表示“孩子的想象力和创造力”可用名词短语children's imagination and creativity；表示“帮助某人做某事”可用固定搭配help sb to do sth；表示“认识世界”可用固定短语understand the world；表示“形成”可用动词form；表示“对……的基本态度”可用固定短语a basic attitude towards；表示“人生和未来”可用短语life and the future。故答案为Reading can not only stimulate children's imagination and creativity, but also help them to understand the world and form a basic attitude towards life and the future。
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近英国朋友Bill发来邮件，说想学中文，有两种课程二选一，请你推荐一个。内容包括：
1. 你的推荐
2. 通过比较说明理由
课程1听说
课程2故事读写
教授内容 日常会话
课时 周一，周四 晚上7：30-8：30
共8周
授课方式 全中文
教授内容 故事阅读及写作
课时 每周五 7：30-8：30
共16周
授课方式 中英文
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Bill,
I’m more than glad that you are so interested in learning Chinese. Two courses are provided for foreigners—one is Listening and Speaking, the other is Story Reading and Writing. I advise you to choose the latter one.
Compared to Listening and Speaking, which is just teach you some simple daily dialogues, Story Reading and Writing can take you to enjoy more skills of the use of Chinese. Besides, this course takes place on Friday nights, just taking up your little spare time. What’s the most important is that it is taught both in Chinese and English, which makes no difficulty for you to understand what the teachers explain in classes.
Hope my suggestions can be of great help to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给想学中文的英国朋友Bill推荐一个学习汉语的课程。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than→very
建议：advise→suggest
此外：Besides→what’s more
有很大帮助的：be of great help→be greatly helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, this course takes place on Friday nights, just taking up your little spare time.
拓展句：Besides, this course takes place on Friday nights, which just takes up your little spare time.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than glad that you are so interested in learning Chinese.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Compared to Listening and Speaking, which is just teach you some simple daily dialogues, Story Reading and Writing can take you to enjoy more skills of the use of Chinese.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that it is taught both in Chinese and English, which makes no difficulty for you to understand what the teachers explain in classes.（由What引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型4】Hope my suggestions can be of great help to you.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句）
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