2022-2023学年北京市通州区高二（上）期末英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市通州区高二（上）期末英语试卷含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，选词填空-句子，语法填空，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年北京市通州区高二（上）期末英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）

二、阅读理解（本大题共9小题，共18.0分）
A
Approved and Prohibited Items
The following items are approved for use in residential（住宿的）rooms：hair dryers，personal computers，radios，televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include：candles，ceiling fans，fireworks，waterbeds，sun lamps and wireless routers.Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination（组合密码）for their room door locks upon check-in.Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.The fee is ﹩25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Rules
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use.With the exception of using a microwave oven（微波炉）to heat food，students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Quiet Hours
Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University.Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am.Students who go against quiet hours are subject to a fine of ﹩25.
2. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms？ ______
A. Candles and radios.
B. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.
C. TVs and Hair dryers.
D. Personal computers and sun lamps.
3. What do we know about the cooking rules？ ______
A. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.
B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.
C. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.
D. A microwave oven can be used.
4. When can students enjoy a party in residences？ ______
A. 00：30 am，Saturday. B. 11：30 pm，Monday.
C. 7：00 am，Sunday. D. 7：30 am，Thursday.
B
Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents（洋流）.Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—studying movements of random floating garbage（垃圾）.A scientist with many years' experience，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.
Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60，000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.
The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing（海滩搜寻）becausewinds and currents join here，and as a result，there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1，600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.
As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.
5. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______ .
A. how much they lost in the shipping accident
B. whether it was all right to use their shoes
C. when and where the shoes went missing
D. what caused the shipping accident
6. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption？ ______
A. By searching the web for ocean currents models.
B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.
C. By researching ocean currents data in the library.
D. By collecting information from beachcombers.
7. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage？ ______
A. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.
B. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.
C. To call people's attention to ocean pollution.
D. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.
C
Brrriiinnng.The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning.You jump out of bed，rush into the shower，into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think.A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing.Once at the office，you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters.In that sort of mood，who can get down to work，particularly some creative，original problem-solving work？
The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible，open-minded thinking.Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we're unfocused.If you are one of those energetic morning people，your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.Sleepy people's lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving.By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind，you're missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.
The trip you take to work doesn't help，either.The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons（神经细胞），making inspirations less likely to occur.And while we all should read a lot about what's going on in the world，it would not make you feel good for sure，so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day's work is done.
So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving？We'd set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed，following our thoughts where they lead.We'd stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower，stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation.We'd take some deep breaths on our way to work，instead of complaining about heavy traffic.And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we'd click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.
8. According to the author，we are more creative when we are ______ .
A. busy B. awake C. focused D. relaxed
9. By " tune into your wandering mind " in Paragraph 2，the author means " ______ ".
A. switch to the traffic channel B. stop concentrating on anything
C. listen to a beautiful tune D. wander into the wild
10. The author writes the last paragraph in order to ______ .
A. advocate diverse ways of life
B. establish a routine for the future
C. offer practical suggestions
D. summarize past experiences

三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question："Should I jump？" This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.（1） ______ Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided.So how should you motivate yourself？（2） ______ First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.Only then you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work. （3） ______ So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity （清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. （4） ______ They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example，you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. （5） ______ You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without enough motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.


A.They can change according to circumstances.
B.Communication helps to understand each other.
C.This can affect your work.
D.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin.
E.So why should we try to find supporting evidence？
F.More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？
G.However，this should not discourage you.

11.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
12.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
13.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
14.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
15.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

四、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first recognized back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg.To get an education，he was struggling against many（1） ______ .His family was poor.His Dad couldn't （2） ______ the board at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.He withdrew（退出）from many school activities because he didn't have the time or the （3） ______ .He had only one good suit.He tried for the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too （4） ______ .During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex（自卑感），which his mother knew could（5） ______ him from achieving his real potential.She （6） ______ that Dale join the debating team because she believed that practice in speaking could give him the（7） ______ and the recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice，tried hard and after several attempts（8） ______ made it.This proved to be a （9） ______ point in his life.By the time Dale was a senior，he （10） ______ every top honor in speech.Out of this early struggle to overcome his feelings of inferiority，Dale came to understand that the ability to express an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence.And，with it，Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do-and so could others.
16.  A. shortcomings B. thoughts C. difficulties D. enemies
17.  A. afford B. choose C. occupy D. change
18.  A. talents B. clothes C. permits D. hobbies
19.  A. outgoing B. flexible C. optimistic D. light
20.  A. protect B. prevent C. save D. free
21.  A. insisted B. demanded C. suggested D. required
22.  A. progress B. experience C. praise D. confidence
23.  A. finally B. certainly C. hopefully D. naturally
24.  A. breaking B. turning C. ending D. linking
25.  A. had touched B. had noticed C. had won D. had picked
第II卷（非选择题）

一、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
1.

ambition，ideal，decrease，proof，widespread，cooperate，overcome，cafeteria，suspect，involve

(1) John Snow ______ that the water pump was to blame.
(2) The young man ______ enormous difficulties and won the Olympic gold medal last year.
(3) Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in ______ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.
(4) As well as studying hard，I' ve been ______ in social activities.
(5) People should ______ the amount of fat they eat.
(6) The ______ diet is a balanced one，without too much or too little of any one thing.
(7) In my youth my ______ had been to be an inventor.
(8) We should learn to ______ with each other and make progress together.
(9) Hot and cold food is available in the ______ .
(10) These results are a further ______ of his outstanding ability.
五、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共15.0分）
26. Yuan Longping was born in 1930.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However，（ 1） ______ concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.He chose to study agriculture.He conducted research and developed hybrid rice.Yuan Longping is one of China's most famous（2） ______ （ scientist） and he is known as the " father of hybrid rice ".His slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to （3） ______ he has devoted his life.
(1)
(2)
(3)
27. When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.A Sichuan restaurant （1） ______ （ recommend） to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. （2） ______ （ tire），hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.With this，we had the pleasure of experiencing an（3） ______ （ entire） new taste：Sichuan peppercorns.The food was wonderful and different，but what was even（4） ______ （ important） was the friendship offered us.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
28. Steamboats，rowing boats and gondolas are the transportation vehicles which serve either as"buses"or"taxis"for this special city.The most interesting thing about the trip is（1） ______ we took a tour by gondola，a small narrow boat.It is similar（2） ______ our dragon boat.It is made from eight different wood species and 280 pieces.The gondola which we took was beautifully equipped with bright red chairs for five people.（3） ______ （ bath） in the sunshine，watching the water softly kissing the stones of the buildings，I felt harmony and satisfaction.
(1)
(2)
(3)
六、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分）
29. There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation（名声）for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face，it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.
In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace.With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.
(1) What does the underlined word"They"in Paragraph 2 refer to？
______
(2) How does a tourist feel when he or she moves closer to the wild animals on horseback？
______
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order.
______
(4) Please introduce the most exciting trip you've ever taken.（In about 40 words）
______
七、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20.0分）
30. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对你校的学生社团活动非常感兴趣，希望你介绍一下这方面的情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
（1）你校的学生社团及活动；
（2）你喜欢参加的社团及原因。
Dear Jim，
__________

Yours， Li Hua

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】suspected
【小题2】overcame
【小题3】widespread
【小题4】involved
【小题5】decrease
【小题6】ideal
【小题7】ambition
【小题8】cooperate
【小题9】cafeteria
【小题10】proof
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：约翰•斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。分析可知，此处应填动词作主句的谓语，结合句意可知，动词suspect"怀疑"符合句意，结合语境及宾语从句时态可知，此处应使用一般过去时。故填suspected。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：这个年轻人克服了巨大的困难，在去年赢得了奥运会金牌。分析可知，此处应填动词作谓语，结合句意可知，动词overcome"克服"符合句意，根据并列谓语won及时间状语last year可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填overcame。
（3）考查形容词。句意：自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中广泛使用。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词use，结合句意可知，形容词widespread"广泛的，普遍的" 符合题意。故填widespread。
（4）考查过去分词。句意：除了努力学习，我还积极参加社会活动。分析可知，此处应填动词作谓语，结合句意可知，动词involve"涉及，卷入"符合句意，分析可知，此处应使用过去分词与空前have been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填involved。
（5）考查动词原形。句意：人们应该减少自己摄入的脂肪量。分析可知，此处应填动词作谓语，结合句意可知，动词decrease"减少"符合句意，情态动词should后应使用动词原形。故填decrease。
（6）考查形容词。句意：理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种食物都不能过多或过少。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词diet，结合句意可知，形容词ideal"理想的，完美的" 符合题意。故填ideal。
（7）考查可数名词单数。句意：我年轻时的志向是成为一名发明家。分析可知，此处应用名词作主语，结合句意表示"志向"应用名词ambition，结合语境可知，此处表示我年轻时的一个志向，故应用其单数形式。故填ambition。
（8）考查动词原形。句意：我们应该学会相互合作，共同进步。根据learn to do sth."学习做某事"可知，此处应使用动词原形，结合句意，表示"合作"，动词为cooperate。故填cooperate。
（9）考查可数名词单数。句意：自助餐厅提供冷热食物。根据冠词the可知，此处应用名词作介词in的宾语，结合句意表示"自助餐厅"，名词为cafeteria，结合语境可知，此处为特指，故应用其单数形式。故填cafeteria。
（10）考查可数名词单数。句意：这些成绩进一步证明了他卓越的能力。根据冠词a可知，此处应使用可数名词的单数作表语，结合句意表示"证明"，名词为proof。故填proof。
（1）约翰•斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
（2）这个年轻人克服了巨大的困难，在去年赢得了奥运会金牌。
（3）自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中广泛使用。
（4）除了努力学习，我还积极参加社会活动。
（5）人们应该减少自己摄入的脂肪量。
（6）理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种食物都不能过多或过少。
（7）我年轻时的志向是成为一名发明家。
（8）我们应该学会相互合作，共同进步。
（9）自助餐厅提供冷热食物。
（10）这些成绩进一步证明了他卓越的能力。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
   一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
    当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

2~4.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据 Approved and Prohibited Items部分中的The following items are approved for use in residential（住宿的）rooms：hair dryers，personal computers，radios，televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include：candles，ceiling fans，fireworks，waterbeds，sun lamps and wireless routers.（以下物品被批准用于住宿的房间：吹风机，个人电脑，收音机，电视和DVD播放器。学生房间内不允许携带的物品包括：蜡烛、吊扇、烟花、水床、太阳灯和无线路由器。）可知，电视和吹风机是学校允许携带的物品。所以"C.TVs and Hair dryers.电视和吹风机"正确。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Cooking Rules部分中的With the exception of using a microwave oven（微波炉）to heat food，students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.（除了使用微波炉加热食物外，学生不得在自己的房间里做饭。）可知，除了在屋内使用微波炉加热食物之外，不允许学生在宿舍内做饭。所以"D.A microwave oven can be used.可以使用微波炉。"正确。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据Quiet Hours部分中的Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00am to8：00am.（所有校园宿舍的最低安静时间为周日至周四晚上11：00至上午8：00。周五和周六晚上的安静时间为凌晨1：00至上午8：00。）可知，要求学生在周日到周四的晚上11点到上午8点以及周五和周六的凌晨1点到上午8点保持安静，所以这些时段以外的时间可以活动，A项"星期六上午00：30。"学生可以在宿舍中参加聚会。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文。介绍的是大学宿舍管理的相关信息。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

5~7.【答案】B、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.（他打电话给制鞋公司，问他们是否想要回鞋子。不出所料，该公司告诉他，他们不想要回这些鞋子。Ebbesmeyer意识到这可能是一个伟大的实验）可知，Ebbesmeyer打电话的目的是为了确定自己是否有权使用这些鞋子。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段In a year he collected reliable information on 1，600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.（在一年内，他收集了1600双鞋的可靠信息。有了这些数据，他和一位同事能够测试和改进一个用于模拟洋流的计算机程序，并发表了他们的研究结果）可知，Ebbesmeyer通过收集这些来到海滩的人的鞋子信息来验证并得到研究结果的。故选D。
（3）目的意图题。根据最后一段Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents （洋流）.Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way —studying movements of random floating garbage（今天，科学家们正在努力研究洋流。大多数人使用卫星和其他高科技设备。然而，海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer一采用种特殊的方式来研究洋流，即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流）可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是阐述一种特殊的研究海洋洋流的方式。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过一种特殊的方式来研究洋流，即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8~10.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段If y ou are one of those energetic morning people，your most inventivetime comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.（如果你是那种早晨精力充沛的人，那么你最具创造力的时刻就是傍晚放松的时候。）可知根据作者的说法，当我们是放松时，我们更有创造力。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据画线句By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind，you'remissing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.（如果不给自己时间去调整你走神的思维，你就会错过它可能提供的令人惊讶的解决方案。）可知 " tune into your wandering mind "是指"不要把注意力集中在任何事情上"。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to startthem with a full capacity for creative problem solving？（那么，如果我们想以创造性地解决问题的全部能力来开始我们的早晨，我们会是什么样子呢？）可知最后一段主要提供实质性的建议，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，放松心情更有利于提高工作效率和创造性的解决问题，压力阻滞了神经细胞信号的传输，只会导致工作效率下降。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

11~15.【答案】D、F、C、A、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后句Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it（没有动机，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它），可知表示"动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面"的D项符合前后介绍动机和目标的关系的语境，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句So how should you motivate yourself（那你该怎么激励自己呢），可知表示"更重要的是，你应该如何保持动机去实现目标"的F项可以承接上文，继续以问题的形式提出如何保持动机来实现目标，故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句There are times when your heart is not in your work（有时候你的心不在工作上），以及后句So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment（所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么），可知表示"这会影响你的工作"的C选项可以承接上文的心不在焉，引出下文相应的应对策略，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句Remember that goals are flexible（记得，目标是灵活的），可知表示"它们会根据环境的改变而改变"的A选项可以承接上文，讲述目标灵活的表现是如何的，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据前句For example，you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough（你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好）；以及后句You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal（你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标），可知表示"然而，这不应该使你气馁"的G选项承上启下，讲述对于自己的缺陷不要气馁，故选G。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了动机和目标的关系以及激发动机并设定可行目标的几个方法。
选句填空是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

16~25.【答案】C、A、B、D、B、C、D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.shortcomings缺陷；B.thoughts想法；C.difficulties困难的事情；D.enemies敌人。根据下文"His family was poor.His Dad couldn't （2）the board at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.He withdrew（退出）from many school activities because he didn't have the time or the "可知，他的家庭是贫穷的。因此他上学接受教育要克服很多的困难。故选C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.afford支付得起；B.choose选择；C.occupy占据；D.change改变。结合上文"His family was poor."可知，家里穷，所以付不起大学里的伙食费。故选A。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.talents天赋；B.clothes衣服；C.permits许可；D.hobbies爱好。结合下文"He had only one good suit."可知，他没有好的衣服。故选B。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.outgoing外向的；B.flexible灵活的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.light轻的。结合上文"His family was poor."可知，他因为贫穷，生活艰苦，长得比较瘦弱。故选D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.protect保护；B.prevent阻止，预防；C.save节省，解救；D.free释放。根据上文"Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex（自卑感）"可知，他的妈妈知道，这种自卑感将阻止他发挥他真正的潜能。prevent sb from doing sth为固定搭配，意为"阻止某人做某事"，故选B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.insisted坚持；B.demanded要求；C.suggested建议；D.required要求。根据第三段中的第一句中"Dale took his mother's advice"可知，他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，suggest表示"建议"时后接从句，从句为虚拟语气，用"should+动词原形"，故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.progress进步；B.experience经历；C.praise赞扬；D.confidence信心。根据希下文"and the recognition that he needed"可知，此处指妈妈相信练习说话可以给他所需要的信心和认可。故选D。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.finally终于；B.certainly无疑地，确定地；C.hopefully怀有希望地；D.naturally自然地。根据上文"Dale took his mother's advice，tried hard and after several attempts"可知，不断地尝试，终于他成功了。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.breaking打破；B.turning转变；C.ending结束；D.linking联系。根据第二段的内容Dale形成自卑以及第三段中made it"他成功了"可知，这是他人生的"转折点"，turning point"转折点"，符合语境，故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.had touched触摸；B.had noticed注意到；C.had won赢得；D.had picked 挑选。结合下文"every top honor in speech"可知，此处指他赢得了所有的最高荣誉。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Dale Camegie（戴尔卡耐基）从不为人所知，到享有国际声誉的成功故事.他年轻时因为家里穷不得不每天往返12英里求学。后来他听从母亲的建议，学习演讲，从而获得自信，最终成为成功的演说家，文章旨在告诉我们自信心的重要性，有了自信，我们就可以做到我们想做的任何事情。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。

26.【答案】【小题1】what
【小题2】scientists
【小题3】whom
【解析】（1）考查主语从句。句意：然而，最令他担忧的是，农民经常收成不佳，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。分析句子结构，此句为主语从句，从句中缺少缺主语，表示"令他担忧的事情"，用连接代词 what引导。故填what。
（2）考查可数名词的复数。句意：袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一，他被称为"杂交水稻之父"。根据句子结构，one of后面名词用复数形式，故填scientists。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：他纤瘦但强壮的身体就像数百万中国农民一样，他为他们奉献了一生。分析句子结构，此句引导定语从句。先行词为millions of Chinese farmers，在从句作介词to的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。
本文是一篇人物传记。文章叙述了袁隆平为什么选择农业研究以及他的成就和影响。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

27.【答案】【小题1】had been recommended
【小题2】Tired
【小题3】entirely
【小题4】more important
【解析】（1）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：一个朋友给我们推荐了一家四川菜馆，最后我们找到了。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中found可知，recommend发生在found之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且主语restaurant与动词recommend之间是被动关系，故填 had been recommended。
（2）考查形容词。句意：我们又累又饿，又不会说一句中文，根本不知道怎么点菜，于是大厨就开始给我们的餐桌上摆满了我们吃过的最好吃的食物。分析可知，此处为形容词作状语，修饰主语we，所以此处用-ed的形容词，tired"感到累的"，因处于句首，首字母应大写。故填Tired。
（3）考查副词。句意：有了这个，我们有幸体验了一种全新的味道：四川花椒。此处用副词entirely作状语修饰形容词new，故填entirely。
（4）考查比较级。句意：食物很美味，与众不同，但更重要的是给予我们的友谊。根据空前even以及句意可知，此处用比较级。important"重要的"为多音节词，其比较级为more important，故填more important。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家在北京吃饭的一次经历。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

28.【答案】【小题1】that
【小题2】to
【小题3】Bathed
【解析】（1）考查表语从句。句意：这次旅行最有趣的事情是我们乘坐贡多拉游览，这是一种窄窄的小船。根据句子结构可知，主语部分是"The most interesting thing about the trip（这次旅行最有趣的事情是）"，"is"是谓语动词，空格后面是一个完整句子"we took a tour by gondola，a small narrow boat.（我们乘贡多拉游览了一番，这是一种小船）"其中"a small narrow boat"是"gondola"的同位语。系动词后面接的是表语从句，而且不缺成分，句意完整，只是起连接作用，所以用连接词that。故填 that。
（2）考查介词。句意：它类似于我们的龙舟。根据句意和句子结构可知，本句中包含固定短语"be similar to"意思是"与.…...相似"，填空处缺少介词。故填to。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：沐浴在阳光下，看着水温柔地亲吻着建筑物的石头，我感到和谐和满足。根据句意和句子结构可知，主句部分"I felt harmony and satisfaction.（我感到和谐和满足）"主谓结构完整。说明"bath"作为动词表示"沐浴"的意思，在本句是非谓语动词的用法，作状语成分，而且短语"be bathed in"表示"沐浴于、被..笼罩"的意思，句首单词首字母大写。故填Bathed。
这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了作者乘坐威尼斯运河上行驶的贡多拉小船游览沿途风光，简要介绍了这种小船的特点。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

29.【答案】【小题1】Several safari camps.
【小题2】He/ She may feel excited，nervous and his/her heart rate may be accelerated.
【小题3】The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order.According to the passage，the passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following time order.
【小题4】I went to Disneyland with my friends，which is one of the most famous theme parks in the world.In the park，we did some meaningful and adventurous activities there，such as the roller coaster and adventure island，they were exciting and memorable.
【解析】（1）代词指代题。由本文第二段的内容Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.（几个狩猎营地作为这次冒险的基地，每天提供两次独特的游乐设施，深入三角洲进行探索。营地有优秀的马匹，专业的导游和许多辅助人员。）由此可猜测出 they指代上文提到的几个狩猎营地，故答案为Several safari camps.
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.（然而，当你靠近它们时，兴奋感和紧张程度会突然上升，你的心率也会上升。）可知，当一个游客骑在马背上接近野生动物时，他/她会兴奋，紧张和心率加快。故答案为He/ She may feel excited，nervous and his/her heart rate may be accelerated.
（3）推理判断题。由本文第一段There are many places to go on safari （观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.（非洲有很多地方可以去狩猎旅行，但在博茨瓦纳的Okavango Delta的洪水中骑马一定是世界上最令人兴奋的野生动物之旅之一。）可知前半句是正确的：再根据作者在第三段中先说了早上的旅程，第四段涉及晚上的旅程，尾段谈到回到营地，由此可知作者是按时间顺序写的，所以后半句是错误的，故答案为The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order.According to the passage，the passage tells us about the riding experience inthe Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following time order.
（4）开放问答题，答案仅供参考。I went to Disneyland with my friends，which is one of the most famous theme parks in the world.In the park，we did some meaningful and adventurous activities there，such as the roller coaster and adventure island，they were exciting and memorable.
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了非洲观赏野生动物的野营的项目。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

30.【答案】Dear Jim，
I'm more than delighted to know you are curious about the club activities of our school and want to know something about them.Here I'd like to share some details with you.
There are altogether 20 or so clubs in our school，to name a few，Peking opera club，Swimming club，Calligraphy club，and Painting club.They all have a fixed time to arrange varied activities.（你校的学生社团及活动） As for me，I'd like to join Peking opera club.First，Peking opera is like a pearl in Chinese traditional art.Joining this club can give me a taste of Chinese traditional art forms and even have a hands-on experience.【高分句型一】Besides，the club will regularly organize various activities，such as inviting famous actors to perform，and drawing Peking opera make-ups.I believe getting close to Peking opera will be a good way of learning more about it. （你喜欢参加的社团及原因）
Hopefully my opinion can be of help.If you want to learn anything more，don't hesitate to contact me.【高分句型二】
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Joining this club can give me a taste of Chinese traditional art forms and even have a hands-on experience.
翻译：加入这个俱乐部可以让我尝到中国传统艺术的味道，甚至有亲身体验。
分析：本句使用了动名词短语Joining this club 作主语。
高分句型二：If you want to learn anything more，don't hesitate to contact me.
翻译：如果你想了解更多信息，请随时联系我。
分析：本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句。
书信类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。