2022-2023学年北京市延庆区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市延庆区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了  A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京市延庆区高二（上）期末英语试卷
1.
A

One of my favourite episodes was Mr Bean in a fancy restaurant.After being seated at his table，Mr Bean takes out a card，writes a few words on it，puts it (1) an envelope and places it on the table.After a moment，he (2) （look） back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised，as if he did not know it was there.He opens it to find a birthday card and very (3) （happy）puts it on the table for everyone to see.
B

In the last 500 million years，there have been five mass extinction events on Earth.In the third event， (4) is known as the "Great Dying"，90% to 96% of all species died out.Of course，species died out due to many (5) （cause）.But nowadays，human activity has affected all types of species that we depend on for living.We need to take action (6) （avoid） the sixth mass extinction.We should take steps to save endangered animals and plants，and set up special areas to take care of them (7) the next extinction comes that may wipe out the entire species.
C

Legos are popular with kids.But (8) （make） them can hurt the environment.Why？Legos are made of plastic.The plastic is made from oil.That is a nonrenewable resource.Recently，Legos (9) （ introduce） earth-friendly pieces.They are made of plastic taken from sugarcane （甘蔗）.That is a renewable material.The green pieces are part of a (10) （ big） plan for Lego.The company plans to use renewable materials in all its toys by 2030.The actions the company takes today can have influence on the planet of tomorrow.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Saul Scruggs and Keon Richardson have never missed a day of work picking up rubbish in Miami Beach.And they were especially(2) when they were covering their route as a beautiful surprise awaited them.
When their huge truck rolled down the street，they found scores of(3) who'd gotten up early to line the street with signs and balloons，all to(4) say "we love you".
Jennifer Elegant wanted to show her family's(5) so she organized a "thank you " celebration to(6) the essential workers whom she called "extraordinary".
Even the Miami Beach Mayor，Dan Gelber，(7) to express respect to them - because Saul and Keon do more than pick up rubbish.
"They bring an incredible，positive(8) to the entire neighborhood，" Jennifer told GNN."They spread joy."
What is particularly(9) is the positive energy these two men bring with them.They always wear smiles and never miss a（n）(10) to say hello and(11) someone's day.They help others and expect nothing(12).
One day，Saul spent 45 minutes helping a neighbor look for her lost wedding ring.He also waited over an hour with another neighbor who was having heart issues and needed a（n）(13).
Jennifer is impressed with these amazing workers. "They continue to maintain their(14)attitude even during this stressful COVID⁃19 pandemic，(15) their own safety in order to keep our city(16) and beautiful." she said.
2.  A. careful B. glad C. confident D. curious
3.  A. officers B. colleagues C. strangers D. residents
4.  A. simply B. loudly C. excitedly D. surprisingly
5.  A. expectation B. motivation C. appreciation D. happiness
6.  A. award B. praise C. blame D. honor
7.  A. appeared B. envied C. guaranteed D. abandoned
8.  A. achievement B. energy C. action D. emotion
9.  A. hopeful B. interesting C. mysterious D. special
10.  A. meeting B. day C. opportunity D. reason
11.  A. change B. sharpen C. widen D. brighten
12.  A. in turn B. in short C. in return D. in sight
13.  A. operation B. ambulance C. discussion D. friendship
14.  A. optimistic B. pessimistic C. negative D. independent
15.  A. giving B. treasuring C. seeking D. risking
16.  A. clear B. strong C. clean D. rich
C
Below is a list of activities that will get you excited and add a bit of fun into your schedule at the same time.
Ready，set，play!
Join a team sport
Playing sport as part of a team can help you get active while making friends and feeling part of your community.This list of links will lead you through to sports clubs and fixtures across the state，or you can use the My Community directory to search for your sport of choice.
Make date night active night
Date night （or any time you hang with loved ones or friends） doesn't have to be spent sitting in a cinema.Get active on your next date by going bowling，playing laser tag or paintball，or sinking balls at minigolf.
Catch and kick
Anyone with kids will know that sometimes entertaining them takes priority over looking after your own health.Kill two birds with one stone and take them to the park to kick a footy or throw a ball back and forth.Once everyone's practised their kicking，throwing and catching skills，take things to the next level by asking them to throw or kick long and make you run for it.
Take the stairs
An oldy but a goody，taking the stairs instead of a lift is great for working the major muscle groups in the legs.It might not seem like the most fun option for a workout，but you can fit a surprising amount of activity into every day by taking the stairs whenever they are an option.And if you get hooked（喜欢上），you can even become a competitive stair climber.
17. Where is this text probably taken from？ ______
A. Public health and wellbeing. B. Research and reports.
C. News and events. D. Strategic direction.
18. What is the advantage of Join a team sport？ ______
A. You have more time for morning exercise.
B. You have a better way of communication.
C. It is a way to work the major muscle in legs.
D. You will get an expert direction in the group.
19. Which would a father choose if he wanted to play with his 5—year—old son？ ______
A. Join a team sport. B. Take the stairs.
C. Catch and kick. D. Make date night active night.
D
The Cloud Runners
Today，the first thing you see when you drive into the small town of McFarland，California，is a welcome poster. "Home of the State Champions，" it says proudly.Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty years.Today，this little farming town is the "home of champions"，but things weren't always like this.
It all began with a group of seven young men，who were McFarland High School's first running team.They were called "cloud runners" because it looked like they were floating on a brown cloud of dust as they carved paths through the surrounding fields.
They weren't a very good team.But the turning point came one hot summer afternoon when the young men were doing hill practice.As there were no hills in McFarland，their coach，Jim White，made them run up and down large piles of nut shells covered in white plastic sheets.
"Enough!" one of the young men cried.The sound of breaking shells could be heard as he beat his fists on the sheet.The plastic tore and a river of nut shells poured out. "Do you know what these are，Mr White？They're almond（巴旦木）shells.Do you know where they come from？My family has been working on farms picking almonds for forty years.You and your family，living in your big comfortable home，eat these without giving a single thought to where they came from.And now you are making us run on them!I've had enough!"
"We're losers，Mr White，not winners，" another young man continued，his face wet with tears and sweat. "Nothing has changed here for forty years and nothing's ever going to change!Running is for rich kids in private schools in the big city，not for us poor farm boys.We can't even afford real shoes for running.We belong in the fields，picking.We're 'pickers'.I'm going home!"
Something in Jim White's heart changed that day.He went into the fields and worked with the "pickers".He bought running shoes for the boys.He spent evenings having dinner with the boys' families.His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money.One small act of kindness led to another.Other families began to take notice，and slowly，the entire town came to support Mr White as he helped these young men change from farm workers to champions.
20. Why is the small town of McFarland called "Home of the State Champions"？ ______
A. Because Jim White became state championship.
B. Because the running teams got nine state championships.
C. Because a group of seven young men got championships.
D. Because Mr.White changed the farm workers to champions.
21. What made the boy cry in the practice？ ______
A. The tiredness of running. B. The pain of training.
C. The difficulties of living. D. The sound of breaking shells.
22. Which of the following can best describe Jim White？ ______
A. Ambitious and strict. B. Understanding and kind.
C. Optimistic and persistent. D. Responsible and confident.
E
Back in the early 2000s， lots of people couldn't have imagined life without alarm clocks， CD players， calendars， cameras， or lots of other devices． But along came the iPhone and other smartphones， and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential．
The smartphone story could even be a model for fighting climate change； not because smartphones use a small part of the energy of all the things they replace-although they do-but because they represent a different approach to design in general． And that approach is to focus on function rather than form． That requires focusing on understanding the underlying problem， and then engineering a wide range of potential solutions． This approach could revolutionize how we think about energy efficiency．
Traditionally， improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices， which can be quite fruitful． But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock， a better CD player， a better calendar， and a better camera． Now with an iPhone， we don't need the standalone devices at all， because it can function as all of them．
So when it comes to using energy efficiently， rather than just installing a more efficient heater， some people have focused instead on the desired function： staying warm． They designed and coated their house so well that they could get rid of their heater altogether， letting them heat their house with 99% less energy．
In the same way， rather than just making cars more efficient， what if we focus on the desired function- getting where we want when we want - and create an efficient transportation system where we can drive less or get rid of our personal cars entirely？
The most energy efficient car or heater is no car， or no heater， while still being able to get around and stay warm． In other words， it's not thinking efficient， it's thinking different．
23. What makes the iPhone a good example of environmental protection？ ______
A. Perfecting individual devices. B. Combining possible functions.
C. Adopting a minimalist design. D. Reducing the energy consumption.
24. According to the passage， what is the core of improving energy efficiency？ ______
A. Using recyclable materials.
B. Revolutionizing technologies.
C. Figuring out various solutions.
D. Concentrating on the essential needs.
25. What does the author think of traditional practices in energy improvements？ ______
A. Out-of-date. B. Ineffective. C. Adequate. D. Successful.
26. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. Think out of the box. B. Differences make it unique.
C. Be economical with energy. D. Step out of the comfort zone.
F
The secret to happiness is keeping busy，research has found.
Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions，the study found.
However，the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy，according to Professor Christoper Hsee，a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.
In a study，98 students were asked to complete two surveys.After they had completed the first，they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one.They were given a choice of either banding in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to.No matter which choice they made，they received a chocolate bar.It turned out that about two-thirds （68 students） chose the lazy option.Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put （呆在原处）.
Prof.Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy.He said the findings，reported in the journal Psychological Science，might have an effect on policies.
"Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless，" he suggested.
As for ordinary people，he advised， "Get up and do something.Anything.Even if there really is no point to what you are doing，you will feel better for it." He added， "Thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection can be regarded as keeping busy，too."
"You do not need to be running around，You just need to be engaged，either physically or mentally."
27. Keeping busy can make people happy because ______ .
A. it can help people get rid of laziness
B. it can make people sleep better
C. it can help get rid of negative emotions
D. it can give people a sense of achievement
28. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ ______
A. Policies may be influenced by the findings.
B. The officials have taken Prof.Hsee's advice.
C. In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby.
D. Governments can increase citizens' happiness by building bridges.
29. What can we infer from the passage？ ______
A. Everybody is born to be happy.
B. Only by keeping working all the time can you gaid happiness.
C. Prof.Hsee's finding was published in Psychological Science.
D. Keeping busy goes against human nature.
30. What is the best title for the passage？ ______
A. What is Happiness
B. The Secret of Happiness：Keeping Busy
C. The Finding of Research：Do What You Like
D. Take Life correctly
31. 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Pranks （恶作剧） are a popular way of making fun of others and getting a laugh.While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.
Prank Aliens，a best-selling book，tells a story about a boy named Max who is searching for the greatest prank of all time.His author Matt Stanton once said that pranking in the home can build strong relationships between parents and kids.
"Some of the best relationship-building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space，" Stanton said. "An adult joining in their games can be surprising for kids and bring wonderful moments of joy.It's a great way to demonstrate to our kids that we can laugh at ourselves and still feel loved and safe，" he added.
But playing tricks can come with unintended consequences，said psychiatrist Mark Cross.Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.However，Cross also added "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone，including the pranked person.It can be a great release of stress.When you laugh，you breathe deeper，which helps ease anxiety."
So why not try some pranks？Wrapping vegetables and shoes up as presents for kids on their birthdays always gets a great reaction.Putting plastic spiders in guests' drinks or placing a whoopee cushion on an unsuspecting person's chair is sure to cause a belly laugh.All these might just be good for you and everyone involved.

（1）What are the benefits of pranking？（不多于 10个词） ______
（2）What are the best moments for Stanton to build relationship with his children？（不多于 7个词） ______
（3）When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship？（不多于 10个词） ______
（4）In addition to pranking，what other ways can you use to strengthen relationships with family members？（ 40词左右） ______
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
32. 用所给词或词组正确形式完成下列句子（每空一词，每词只能用一次。）

apart from，get stuck，rely on，achieve one's goal
stressed out，contribute to，set out，

(1) His legs ______ in the hole.He couldn't move.
(2) We gathered at the foot of the hill and ______ to the peak.
(3) When we're tired or ______ ，home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.
(4) Students prefer to ______ peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
(5) Arts ______ cultural development when people gather together to share their experience.
(6) It is obvious to everybody that the only way to ______ is to work hard.
(7) ______ their house in London，they also have a castle in Spain.
33. Our oceans are full of plastic waste，and animals and birds end up swallowing the plastic and dying as a result. （英译汉） ______
34. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. （英译汉） ______
35. 欢笑是最好的良药。（汉译英）
______
36. 他的写作风格对年轻作者产生巨大影响。（ have an influence on）（汉译英）______
37. 过去的一小时里我一直在等他。（ have been doing）（汉译英）______
38. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim是他们学校环保社团的成员，他来信想要了解你的环保做法，请你给他回信。内容包括：
（1）你对环保的认识；
（2）你在日常生活中的具体做法（不少于两点）；
注意：（1）词数100左右。
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】in
【小题2】looks
【小题3】happily
【小题4】which
【小题5】causes
【小题6】to avoid
【小题7】before
【小题8】making
【小题9】have introduced
【小题10】bigger
【解析】（1）考查介词。句意：坐在桌子旁后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，然后把它装进信封，放在桌子上。此处表示把卡片装进信封，put...in..."把……放到……里"。故填in。
（2）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：过了一会儿，他回头看了看信封，但这次他看起来很惊讶，好像他不知道信封在那里。介绍书籍、影视作品，常用一般现在时。故填looks。
（3）考查副词。句意：他打开它，找到一张生日卡片，非常高兴地把它放在桌子上，让大家看到。此处修饰动词puts，应用副词happily"高兴地"，作状语。故填happily。
（4）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：第三个事件被称为"大灭绝"，90%到96%的物种都灭绝了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是the third event，所以用which引导。故填which。
（5）考查可数名词的复数。句意：当然，物种灭绝的原因有很多。空前是形容词many，所以空处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填causes。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：我们需要采取行动来避免第六次物种大灭绝。此处考查固定搭配：take action to do意为"采取措施做某事"。故填to avoid。
（7）考查状语从句。句意：我们应该采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的动物和植物，并在下一次灭绝到来之前建立特殊的区域来照顾它们，可能会消灭整个物种。空处引导时间状语从句，根据句意表达"在……之前"之意，应该用before引导。故填before。
（8）考查动名词。句意：但是制造它们会破坏环境。句中有谓语can hurt，且前后无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作主语，此处"制作它们"表示一种抽象动作，应用动名词作主语，故填making。
（9）考查动词时态。句意：最近，乐高积木推出了环保作品。由recently可知，"推出"这一动作从过去发生持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语是名词复数，故填have introduced。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：绿色乐高是乐高更大计划的一部分。由下文"The company plans to use renewable materials in all its toys by 2030. "可知，乐高有更大的计划，所以此处应用形容词big的比较级bigger作定语，修饰名词plan，故填bigger。
这是三个片段：A 本文是一篇说明文。文章是《憨豆先生在一家高级餐厅》的剧情介绍。B 本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们需要采取行动来避免第六次物种大灭绝。C 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐高玩具公司引进了一种新的环保材料来制作玩具。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

2~16.【答案】A、D、C、C、B、A、B、D、B、D、C、A、A、D、C
【解析】（1）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.careful仔细的；B.glad高兴的；C.confident自信的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文中的And they were especially（1）when they were covering their route as a beautiful surprise awaited them.可知，当他们在报道他们的路线时，他们特别小心，因为一个美丽的惊喜等待着他们。故选A.
（2）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.offices长官；B.colleagues同事；C.strangers陌生人；D.residents居民。根据下文中的 they found scores of（2）who'd gotten up early to line the street with signs and balloons.可知，他们发现许多起得早的居民沿着街道带着气球和标志喊着口号。故选D.
（3）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.simply简单地；B.loudly大声地；C.excitedly激动地；D.surprisingly惊讶地。根据下文中的all to（3）say "we love you".可知，所有的居民都激动地说"我们爱你"。故选C.
（4）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.expectation期待；B.motivation动机；C.appreciation欣赏，称赞；D.happiness幸福，快乐。根据下文中的Jennifer Elegant wanted to show her family's（4）so she organized a "thank you " celebration.可知，Jennifer想要表达他们家人的感谢，所以她组织了这场答谢会。故选C.
（5）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.award奖励；B.praise称赞，表扬；C.blame责备；D.honor荣誉。根据下文中的 so she organized a "thank you " celebration to（5）the essential workers.可知，所以她组织了这场答谢会是为了表扬/称赞这些必不可少的工人们。故选B.
（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.appeared出现；B.envied羡慕，嫉妒；C.guaranteed保证；D.abandoned抛弃，遗弃。根据下文中的Even the Miami Beach Mayor，Dan Gelber，（6）to express respect to them.可知，甚至是市长也现身了，并对他们表达了对他们的尊重。故选A.
（7）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.achievement成就；B.energy能量；C.action行动；D.emotion情感。根据下文中的They bring an incredible，positive（7）to the entire neighborhood.可知，他们为社区带来了积极的力量。故选B.
（8）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.hopeful有希望的；B.interesting有趣的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.special特别的。根据下文中的What is particularly（8）is the positive energy these two men bring with them.可知，尤其特殊的是他们带给我们的力量。故选D.
（9）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.meeting会议；B.day白天；C.opportunity机会；D.reason原因。根据下文中的They always wear smiles and never miss a（n）（9）to say hello.可知，他们面带微笑并且从未错过一天去说你好。故选B.
（10）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.sharpen使锋利；C.widen使变宽；D.brighten使变明亮。根据下文中的never miss a（n）day to say hello and（10）someone's day.可知，他们从未错过一天去说你好并且点亮了某人的一天。故选D.
（11）C.考查词组及语境理解。A.in turn轮流；B.in short简而言之；C.in return作为回报；D.in sight在视线中。根据下文中的They help others and expect nothing（11）.可知，他们帮助其他人并且不求回报。故选C.
（12）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.operation操作，手术；B.ambulance救护车；C.discussion讨论；D.friendship友谊。根据下文中的He also waited over an hour with another neighbor who was having heart issues and needed a（n）（12）.可知，他也和另外一个有心脏病并且需要进行手术的邻居等了超过一个小时的时间了。故选A.
（13）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.optimistic乐观的；B.pessimistic悲观的；C.negative消极的；D.independent独立的。根据下文中的They continue to maintain their（13）attitude even during this stressful COVID⁃19 pandemic.可知，他们继续保持他们积极的态度即使是在这样一个充满压力的COVID⁃19传染病面前。故选A.
（14）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.giving给；B.treasuring珍爱，珍视；C.seeking寻找；D.risking冒险。根据下文中的even during this stressful COVID⁃19 pandemic，（14）their own safety.可知，即使是在这样一个充满压力的COVID⁃19传染病面前，他们冒着生命危险。故选D.
（15）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.clear清楚的；B.strong强壮的；C.clean干净的；D.rich富有的。根据下文中的 in order to keep our city（15）and beautiful.可知，为了让我们的城市保持干净和美丽。故选C.
本文是一篇记述文。主要讲述了主人公Saul Scruggs and Keon Richardson为了让城市变得更加的干净和美丽，就从未放弃过为城市的环境贡献他们的一份力量，即使在疫情严重的传染时期，他们从未退缩，坚持为人民服务。他们就是我们城市中默默无闻但很伟大的清洁工。
在做完形填空时一定要注意分析句子的结构以及上下句之间的逻辑结构，在做完形填空的时候一定要学会练习上下文来判定一个单词的含义，根据具体的语境来了解在该语境下单词的具体含义，切勿张冠李戴，自作主张。要清晰地弄明白文章的主要脉络，文章的大意，这将有利于学生对于全文的理解。

17~19.【答案】A、B、C
【解析】（1）文章出处题。根据第一段内容Below is a list of activities that will get you excited and add a bit of fun into your schedule at the same time.（下面是一些会让你兴奋的活动，同时给你的日程安排增加一点乐趣。）以及下文内容可知本文介绍了四项体育活动，因此应该出现在公共健康栏目。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Join a team sport部分中的Playing sport as part of a team can help you get active while making friends and feeling part of your community.（作为团队的一部分参加体育活动可以帮助你在交朋友和感觉自己是社区的一部分的同时变得活跃。）可知，参加这项活动，除了健身外，还可以交朋友和更好地成为社区一员，因此有助于建立良好的交流。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据Catch and kick部分中的Anyone with kids will know that sometimes entertaining them takes priority over looking after your own health.（任何有孩子的人都知道，有时娱乐他们比照顾自己的健康更重要。）可知，这是适合家长与孩子一起玩的活动。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文阅读。主要介绍了四个体育活动的情况。
考查应用文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

20~22.【答案】B、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段"Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty years. （写在底部的是田径队成员的名字，他们曾在过去的二十年里给McFarland镇拿下九次州冠军。）可知，麦克法兰小镇被称为"州冠军之家"是因为跑步队获得了9个州冠军，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段My family has been working on farms picking almonds for forty years.You and your family，living in your big comfortable home，eat these without giving a single thought to where they came from. （我的家人在农场采摘巴旦木已经有四十年了。你和你的家人，住在舒适的大房子里，吃着这些东西，根本不考虑它们来自哪里。）和第五段Nothing has changed here for forty years and nothing's ever going to change!Running is for rich kids in private schools in the big city，not for us poor farm boys.We can't even afford real shoes for running. （四十年来这里没有任何改变，也不会有任何改变！跑步是大城市里私立学校的富家子弟的事，不是我们这些乡下穷小子的事。我们甚至买不起真正的跑步鞋。）可知，困难的生活条件让男孩在练习中哭了，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段He went into the fields and worked with the "pickers".He bought running shoes for the boys.He spent evenings having dinner with the boys' families.His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money. （他走进田间地头，和"采摘者"一起工作。他给孩子们买了跑鞋。每天晚上都和孩子们的家人一起吃饭。他的妻子烘焙并出售饼干来筹集资金。）可知，这些举动能表明Jim White善解人意，待人真诚。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在加州小镇法克麦兰，一支名不见经传的越野赛跑队拿下9次州冠军的追梦经历。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

23~26.【答案】B、D、A、A
【解析】（1）B．推理判断题．根据第一段中的"iPhone and other smartphones，and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential"iPhone和其他智能手机取代了我们过去认为必不可少的几十种功能和第二段中的"smartphones..represent a different approach..to focus on function rather than form"智能手机代表不同的方法，注重的是功能而不是形式．由此可推断出智能手机成为环保的典范是因为它们是许多功能的组合．故选B．
（2）D．推断判断题．第三段"Traditionally，improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices，which can be quite fruitful．But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock，a better CD player，a better calendar，and a better camera．Now with an iPhone，we don't need the standalone devices at all，because it can function as all of them"传统上，能源效率的提高主要集中在单个设备上，这可能是非常有效的．但是专注于个人设备就像苹果公司花精力发明了一个更好的闹钟，一个更好的CD播放器，一个更好的日历，和一个更好的相机．现在有了iPhone，我们根本不需要单独的设备，因为它可以像所有设备一样工作．结合第四段中具体例子"So when it comes to using energy efficiently，rather than just installing a more efficient heater，some people have focused instead on the desired function"，因此，当谈到高效利用能源，而不仅仅是安装一个更有效的加热器，相反提一些人更注重想要的功能．由此可推断出，提高能源效率的核心是注重于人们的基本需要．故选D．
（3）A．观点态度题．从文章第三段Traditionally，improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices，which can be quite fruitful．"传统上，能源效率的提高主要集中在单个设备上，这是非常有成效的．可以推断出作者对于传统的做法持认可的态度．结合本段最后一句话"Now with an iPhone，we don't need the standalone devices at all，because it can function as all of them"现在有了iPhone，我们根本不需要独立的单个设备，因为它可以像所有设备一样工作．由此可推断出作者更加推崇当前新的发展趋势，而传统的做法有点过时了，A． Out-of-date过时的；B． Ineffective无效的；C． Adequate充足的；D． Successful成功的．故选A．
（4）A．主旨大意题．文章最后一段对于全文进行了总结，其中最后一句it's not thinking efficient，it's thinking different"这不是有效的思考，而是不同的思考．本句点明了文章带来的启示即要跳出思维的框框，就是要打破常规．分析选项（A．Think out of the box．打破常规；B．Differences make it unique．差异使它独一无二；C．Be economical with energy节约能源；D．Step out of the comfort zone走出舒适区），故选A．
本文为说明文．在21世纪初，许多人无法想象没有闹钟、CD播放器、日历、相机或许多其他设备的生活是什么样的．但随着iPhone和其他智能手机的出现，它们取代了我们过去认为必不可少的几十种功能．这也彻底改变了我们对能源效率的看法．能源效应注重于人们的基本需求，创造一个高效的交通系统，尽可能地节约能源．
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

27~30.【答案】C、A、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Keeping the mind occupied with tasks —no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions ，the study found .（研究发现，让大脑忙于任务——无论多么无意义——可以阻止负面情绪。）可知，保持忙碌之所以能让人快乐是因为它能摆脱负面情绪。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中He said the findings，reported in the journal Psychological Science，might have an effect on policies.（他说，发表在《心理科学》杂志上的研究结果可能会对政策产生影响。）和第五段Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless，（政府可以通过让无所事事的公民建造实际上无用的桥梁来增加他们的幸福感）可知，这一发现可能有助于政治。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第二段中的However，the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy，according to Professor Christoper Hsee，a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.（而坏消息是，据芝加哥大学行为科学家Christoper Hsee教授说，为了节省能量，人类似乎生来就懒惰。）可推知，忙碌有悖于人的天性。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是根据第一段The secret to happiness is keeping busy，research has found.Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions，the study found.（研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是保持忙碌。研究发现，让大脑忙于各种任务——不管这些任务多么没有意义——可以远离负面情绪。）可知，本文告诉了大家幸福的秘诀。所以最佳标题是"幸福的秘密：保持忙碌。"故选B。
本文是一篇议论文。保持忙碌能摆脱负面情绪，让人快乐起来。本文作者建议人们不要坐着啥也不做。
阅读理解要注意结合题目去文章中找答题依据，不可以凭空猜测，通过准确理解句意答对题目。

31.【答案】【小题1】Decreasing stress，raising a smile，and strengthening relationships.
【小题2】When he enters into their space.
【小题3】When pranks are intended to harm or embarrass.
【小题4】We can use many methods to strengthen the relationship with our family members，such as making an appointment to eat，taking a walk，exercising，traveling，etc.These activities can help understand each other's ideas and current situation，and eliminate estrangement.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.（虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，提高微笑，加强人际关系。）可知，恶作剧也可以减轻压力，让人微笑，加强人际关系。故答案为Decreasing stress，raising a smile，and strengthening relationships.
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Some of the best relationship-building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space，" Stanton said.（斯坦顿说："我和孩子们建立关系的最佳时刻是我进入他们的空间。"）可知，斯坦顿与孩子建立关系的最佳时刻是当他进入孩子们的空间的时候。故答案为When he enters into their space.
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中的Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.（意图伤害或难堪的恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至破坏关系。）可知，当恶作剧是意图伤害或让人难堪时，恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至破坏关系。故答案为When pranks are intended to harm or embarrass.
（4）开放性试题。积极向上，言之有理即可，注意字数限制。答案可为We can use many methods to strengthen the relationship with our family members，such as making an appointment to eat，taking a walk，exercising，traveling，etc.These activities can help understand each other's ideas and current situation，and eliminate estrangement.
本文是一篇说明文。恶作剧是一种很流行的取笑他人和获得笑声的方式。虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，提高微笑，加强人际关系。文章论述了恶作剧给人们带来的好处。
阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。

32.【答案】【小题1】got stuck
【小题2】set out
【小题3】stressed out
【小题4】rely on
【小题5】contribute to
【小题6】achieve one's goal
【小题7】Apart from
【解析】（1）考查固定短语和时态。句意：他的腿卡在洞里了。他动不了。根据下文的couldn't可知，本句时态为一般过去时，再分析句意，此处用固定短语get stuck的过去式形式作谓语，表示"被卡在……中"符合语境。故答案为got stuck。
（2）考查固定短语和时态。句意：我们在山脚下集合，向山顶出发。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语set out表示"出发"符合语境，再根据上文的gathered可知，此处应该用动词的过去式形式。故答案为set out。
（3）考查固定短语。句意：当我们累了或压力大的时候，家总是我们休息的地方。分析句意可知，此处用形容词短语stressed out作表语，表示"有压力的"符合语境。故答案为stressed out。
（4）考查固定短语。句意：学生们更喜欢依靠同伴来缓解压力和焦虑。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语rely on表示"依靠"符合语境，再根据空格前的prefer to可知，此处应该用动词原形。故答案为rely on。
（5）考查固定短语和时态。句意：当人们聚在一起分享他们的经验时，艺术有助于文化发展。分析句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时，此处用固定短语contribute to作谓语，表示"有助于"符合语境。故答案为contribute to。
（6）考查固定短语。句意：很明显，每个人都知道实现目标的唯一途径就是努力工作。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语achieve one's goal表示"实现某人的目标"符合语境，再根据空格前的to可知，此处应该用动词原形。故答案为achieve one's goal。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：除了他们在伦敦的房子外，他们在西班牙还有一座城堡。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语apart from表示"除……之外"符合语境，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故答案为Apart from。
（1）他的腿卡在洞里了。他动不了。
（2）我们在山脚下集合，向山顶出发。
（3）当我们累了或压力大的时候，家总是我们休息的地方。
（4）学生们更喜欢依靠同伴来缓解压力和焦虑。
（5）当人们聚在一起分享他们的经验时，艺术有助于文化发展。
（6）很明显，每个人都知道实现目标的唯一途径就是努力工作。
（7）除了他们在伦敦的房子外，他们在西班牙还有一座城堡。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
   一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
    当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

33.【答案】我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，动物和鸟类最终吞下塑料而死亡。
【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句子是由and连接的两个简单句构成的，第一个简单句使用短语be full of"充满……"，主语是our oceans"我们的海洋"，are full of plastic waste，and animals表示"充满了塑料垃圾"；第二个简单句的主语是animals and birds"动物和鸟类"，该句子运用的短语是end up doing"以……而告终"，所以end up swallowing the plastic and dying应翻译为"最终吞下塑料而死亡"，as a result是固定短语，意义为"结果……"。
故填：我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，动物和鸟类最终吞下塑料而死亡。
我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，动物和鸟类最终吞下塑料而死亡。
进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异以及一些特殊表达，准确理解句意，将英语的长句分解，准确翻译成汉语。

34.【答案】虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧。
【解析】分析句子可知，本句中有让步状语从句、定语从句组合的句子。逗号前第一部分的句子是although连接的让步状语从句，从句翻译为"虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见"。逗号后面"the rate"是定语从句前的先行词，也是主句主语，"at which this is now happening"是限制性定语从句，是对rate的修饰。主句部分是"the rate is cause for concern"，主句译为"现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧"。
故填：虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧。
虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度却令人担忧。
进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异以及一些特殊表达，准确理解句意，将英语的长句分解，准确翻译成汉语。

35.【答案】Laughter is the best medicine.
【解析】句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语"欢笑"为laughter，为不可数名词，"最好的"为形容词最高级best，作定语，修饰"良药"medicine，best为最高级，前面加定冠词the。
故填：Laughter is the best medicine.
欢笑是最好的良药。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。

36.【答案】His writing style has a great influence on young writers.
【解析】根据句意可知，本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语"他们的写作风格"为名词短语his writing style；主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，表示"对……有巨大影响"为has a great influence on，是固定搭配；"年轻作者"作介词on的宾语，表示为young writers，可数名词复数表泛指。
故填：His writing style has a great influence on young writers.
他的写作风格对年轻作者产生巨大影响。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

37.【答案】I have been waiting for him for the past hour.
【解析】根据汉语提示，"一直在做某事"可以用现在完成进行时have been doing表示；"等候某人"可以用固定短语wait for somebody表示；"过去的一小时里"可以翻译为for the past hour。
故填：I have been waiting for him for the past hour.
过去的一小时里我一直在等他。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

38.【答案】Dear Jim，
I'm glad you are committed to environmental protection.Here，I want to talk about my views and specific measures on environmental protection.
Without a healthy environment，we cannot live healthily.We need fresh air，clean water，green mountains，and other living things on the earth.（对环保的认识） As students，it is our responsibility to take "green" actions in daily life.When we buy new clothes，we'd better consider whether it is necessary. 【高分句型一】We should take good care of our clothes and wear them as long as possible.When we eat，just order what we need. 【高分句型二】Don't waste any food.When we go out，we choose the "most environmentally friendly" way of travel.I think it is better to ride a bike or take a bus than drive.（在日常生活中的具体做法）
I believe that as long as we all strive to protect the environment，our world will be better.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：When we buy new clothes，we'd better consider whether it is necessary.
翻译：当我们买新衣服时，我们最好考虑一下是否有必要。
分析：运用了whether引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：When we eat，just order what we need.
翻译：当我们吃饭时，只点我们需要的。
分析：运用了what引导的宾语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。