小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第10讲：形容词

这是一份小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第10讲：形容词，共8页。
小升初语法第10讲：形容词知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）【考点解读】小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词，开始学习形容词（adj.）和副词(adv.)的用法及区别，特别是比较等级的表达方式。要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别，比较级最高级表达及运用，并且能够在句子中熟练运用它们。【知识讲解1】形容词形容词的主要用法形容词是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小,形状,颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状态。主要修饰名词和代词。其句法作用如下：(1)      形容词 + 名词形容词在修饰和描述名词时要放在名词前面a black car 一辆黑色汽车a red apple 一个苹果some tall trees 一些大树(2)      系动词 + 形容词系动词包括be动词和look, feel, taste, sound, get等感官动词（在语法动词具体讲）形容词除了放在名词前对其进行修饰外，还可以放在系动词后说明主语的状态。         状态系动词（be动词）+ 形容词Lisa is smart. 丽萨很聪明。Lisa is tall. 丽萨很高。Lisa’s hair is brown. 丽萨的头发是棕色。They are good at playing chess. 丽萨擅长下棋。         持续系动词 + 形容词He always keeps silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。The shop stays open till eight o’clock. 商店开到八点。         表象系动词 + 形容词He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。         感官动词 + 形容词The scarf feels very soft. 这条围巾手感很软。This flower smells nice. 这朵花闻起来很香。         变化系动词 + 形容词The leaves turn green. 叶子变绿了。The egg becomes bigger. 鸡蛋变大了。(3)      动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语：(make / keep/find…adj.)Robots can make humans lazy.（humans是宾语，lazy作宾补）What he said kept me calmer and calmer.All of us find English difficult.(4)      形容词或词组，+句子/ 句子，+形容词或词组，做状语He arrived home, hungry and cold.(5)      数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.(6)      the+形容词，表示一类人，: the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich 富人the poor 穷人※以上的这些词组表示的是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。The rich often enjoy their life in America.(7)      形似副词的形容词—lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly，early,ugly.She is very lovely and friendly.My grandmother lives alone, but she’s never lonely.(8)      以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed, frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed★★特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到满意愉快的形容词的常见句式（1）It’s adj. of sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事…”用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词常见的有：nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foolish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong（2）It’s adj. for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说…”常用的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting如：It’s difficult to finish this task by myself.It’s dangerous for you to swim alone here. 【知识讲解2】形容词的比较级形容词比较级的构成 规则原级比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词大多数词后加er或esttallsmalltallersmaller(the) tallest(the) smallest以字母e结尾的词后加r或stnicefinenicerfiner(the) nicest(the) finest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写尾字母，再加er或estslimbigfatslimmerbiggerfatter(the) slimmest(the) biggest(the) fattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，去掉y，再加ier或iestprettyeasyprettiereasier(the) prettiest(the) easiest多音节词和部分双音节词在词的前面加more或mostbeautifulinterestingimportantmore/less beautifulmore/less interestingmore/less important(the) most/least beautiful(the) most/least interesting(the) most/least important 不规则变化原形比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworeworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest★注意区别：farther只表示距离上 “更远的”further  引申义，指程度上“更进一步的”。elder    指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例：The elder sister gave her little sister an apple.older    指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例如：The older man in the photo is my grandfather. We work in an older building. Your bag is older than mine.【考题精练】一、写出下列形容词的反义词。little __________  2. full __________    3. few __________   4. near __________ fat __________  6. long __________   7. dry __________  8. old __________ quick __________  10. smooth __________11. happy __________ 12. early __________ new __________ 14. hungry __________15. wrong __________ 16. same __________ dark __________ 18. left __________ 19. poor__________    20. hard __________ easy __________ 22. free __________ 23. dirty __________ 24. large __________ tall __________ 26. white __________ 27. cheap __________ 28. light __________二、单项选择。(    )1. Don’t cross the road, it’s ______.A. nice   B. early   C. dangerous   D. late(    )2. What colour is the panda? It’s ______.A. red   B. black   C. white    D. black and white(    )3. The apple tree is very ______.A. tall   B. long   C. high    D. strong(    )4. The cheese in the bottle smells ______.A. nice   B. soft   C. white    D. hard(    )5. Jenny’s bell is too ______.A. quite   B. quiet   C. strong    D. tired(    )6. The car is ______, but it is very nice.A. new   B. big   C. old    D. cheap(    )7. --Is your grandma ______?          --Yes, she is.A. pretty   B. long   C. handsome   D.young(    )8. The baby is sleeping. Please keep ______.A. quiet   B. quite   C. noise    D. Noisy(    )9. There are ______ pictures on the wall.two new pink     B. two pink and newC. two pink new     D. two new and pink(    )10. Don’t leave now. I have ______ to tell you.A. nothing important    B. important anythingC. something important    D. important something三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。You’re too __________ (noise)! Be quiet!--How is Jane today?  --He is very __________.  --It’s really __________ news. (good)Mike is an __________ boy. (America)Spring is a __________ season. (beauty)Be careful! The knife is __________. (danger)English is my __________ subject. I like it best. (favour)Take an umbrella. It is a __________ day. (rain)四、写出下列形容词的副词形式。1. unhappy __________ 2. early __________ 3. hard __________ 4. excited __________5. fast __________    6. careful __________ 7. beautiful __________ 8. usual __________9. sure __________  10. safe __________ 11. good ________ 12.important __________13. busy __________ 14. cheap __________ 15. different __________ 16. polite __________17. late __________    18. possible __________五、根据答句，填入特殊疑问词。1. A: __________ is the boy in blue?           B: He’s Mike. 2. A: __________ wallet is it?                B: It’s mine. 3. A: __________ is the diary?                B: It’s under the chair. 4. A: __________ is the Christmas Day?        B: It’s on the 25th of December. 5. A: __________ __________ are the earphones?           B: They are 25 Yuan. 6. A: __________ __________ is the hairdryer?             B: It’s blue. 7. A: __________ __________ is it today?                B: It’s Sunday. 8. A: __________ __________ was it yesterday?            B: It was the 13th of October. 9. A: __________ __________ is it from here?            B: It’s about two kilometers away. 10. A: __________ __________ is your cousin?        B: He’s 15 years old. 11. A: __________ __________ do you have dinner?      B: At 6 o’clock. 12. A: __________ __________ does your brother swim?   B: Twice a week. 13. A: __________ __________ is the bag?     B: It’s 2 kilograms. 14. A: __________ __________ is the desk?     B: It’s 3 meters. 15. A:__________ __________ did you stay in America?     B: For two years.16. A: __________ __________ will you come back.      B: In five minutes.六、在下列方框中选出合适的形容词填空，使句子完整、正确。angrybigboringbusyfullcleanuglyexpensiveeasygoodheavysmallThe children washed the car. Now it’s __________.She did her homework in ten minutes. The homework was __________.He wasn’t very hungry. He ordered a __________ bowl of soup.The hunters(猎人) couldn’t carry the dead elephant. It was too __________.I can’t pull all of the rocks in that car. The car isn’t __________ enough.There’s lots of work for us. We’re going to be __________.I enjoyed the play. The actors were __________.Someone took their books. The men were __________.The clothes were __________. None of the actors wanted to wear them.The box was too __________. He couldn’t close it.The speech is __________. All of the people there feel sleepy.The cars are too __________ for most of the people to buy.                               参 考 答 案一、二、三、四、
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