小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第5讲：冠词

这是一份小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第5讲：冠词，共7页。
小升初语法第5讲：冠词知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）冠词用在名词之前，共三个：a, an, the。其中a和an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。【知识点1】不定冠词a/an不定冠词的用法（1）表示事物的数量为 1     I have an apple and a banana. 我有一个苹果和一个香蕉。     There is a pencil in the pencil-box. 铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。 （2）表示一类事物     A rabbit can jump. 兔子会跳。     I want to see a doctor. 我想去看医生。（3）表示“每一”     I go to the cinema twice a year. 我每年去电影院两次。     How much are the apples?  Two yuan a kilo. 苹果多少钱？每公斤两元。 （4）某些固定用法     have a rest休息一下have a look看一看for a while一会儿have a fever发烧have a walk散步in a hurry 匆忙地在不定冠词a/an的固定用法中，其实a/an没有十分明确的含义，只是习惯用法，但不可遗漏。a/an的用法区别不定冠词用法举例a用在辅音音素开头的单词前a book / a pencilan用在元音音素开头的单词前an apple / an egg❊ 特别提示：注意区分元音音素与元音字母           【知识点2】定冠词the定冠词the在名词之前有特指的作用。即：“这个，那个，这些，那些”等，用法较多。用在特指的人或事物前The girl in red is my cousin. 穿红衣服的女孩是我表姐。Is the red pen yours? 这支红钢笔是你的吗？用在双方都知道的人或事物前Do you like the film? 你喜欢那部电影吗？   （大家都知道在谈论哪部电影）I went to the park yesterday.我昨天去了那个公园。（大家都知道说的是哪个公园）上文提及到的人或事物I have a cap. The cap is white.  我有一顶帽子，它是白色的。This is my cat. The cat is three years old. 这是我的猫，它已经三岁了。用于世界上独一无二的事物the sun 太阳the moon月亮the earth 地球the sky天空用于形容词前，表示一类人the poor 穷人the blind盲人the rich 富人the old老人表示一家人，the加上姓氏的复数形式   The Lis are at the beach. 李一家在海滩上。   The Smiths live in Shanghai. 史密斯一家住在上海。序数词之前   I live on the fourth floor. 我住在四楼。   My birthday is on the fifth of May. 我的生日在五月五日。在普通名词构成的专有名词之前the Great Wall 长城the Summer Palace 颐和园the North Pole 北极the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站用于江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉名之前the Yangtze River 长江the West Lake 西湖the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉the South China Sea 中国南海用于形容词only, same之前，固定搭配He is the only boy in my team. 他是我团队中唯一的男生。We like the same colour. 我们喜欢同一种颜色。用于形容词的最高级之前He is the tallest boy in my class. 他是我们班最高的男生。Who is the best person for the job? 谁是最合适这项工作的人？用于乐器之前play the violin 拉小提琴 play the guitar 弹吉他play the drum 打鼓play the piano 弹钢琴一些固定搭配in the morning 在早上on the left 在左边in the sun 在阳光下by the way 顺便说一下in the dark 在暗处on the way home 在回家途中❊ 特别提示：定冠词the在不同的情况下常出现在名词之前，在朗读时需要注意的是元音音素之前念the /ðɪ/，如：the elephant has two big ears.大象有两只耳朵。辅音音素之前念the /ðə/，如：The rainbow has seven colours. 彩虹有七种颜色。【知识点3】零冠词（不用冠词的情况）在星期、节日、月份以及季节等名词前We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们星期一到星期五上学。Students usually have a long vacation in summer. 夏季学生通常放假。Christmas Day is very important in American. 圣诞节在美国很重要。在人命、地名、国名、城市名、街道等专有名词前John got to People Square by subway yesterday. 昨天约翰乘地铁到人民广场。在三餐、球/棋类运动等名词前have breakfast 吃早餐play football 踢足球play chess 下棋play video games 玩电子游戏在不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）前Fish cannot live without water. 没有水鱼儿不能生存。I wish you good luck. 祝你好运。在泛指一类人或事物的复数名词前Students should work hard at their lessons. 学生应该努力学习功课。Elephants can work well for humans. 大象能为人类很好地工作。在称呼、职位、头衔等名词前Mom, I’m not feeling well now. 妈妈，我现在感觉不舒服。David, head of the group,will help us. 小组的组长大卫将帮助我们。当名词前已有指示代词、物主代词及some、any等修饰时This is my book. 这是我的书。There are some apples in her bag. 她的袋子里有一些苹果。在表特定概念的两个并列名词前day and night 日日夜夜hand in hand 手拉手man and woman 男人和女人from door to door 挨门挨户    【考题精练】【温馨提示】在一些固定词组中，有无定冠词，其含义完全不同。1.in front of(在某范围之外)在…前面in the front of(在某范围之内)在…前面2.in hospital(病人)因病住院in the hospital(不一定是病人)在医院里3.go to bed就寝，上床睡觉go to the bed向床边走去，走到床边4.go to school(学生)上学go to the school(不一定是学生)去学校5.at table吃饭，用餐at the table在桌子旁边6.at sea在海上at the sea在海边7.in class在课堂上，在上课in the class在班级里8.in bed生病在床in the bed在床上 一、单项选择。(   )1.It is       easy game. Every boy can play it well.A.a           B.an         C.any          D./(   )2.--What are you going to do for the coming holiday?--I'm going shopping and have       big dinner with my family.A.a          B.an          C.the         D./(   )3.We can't see       sun at night.A.a          B.an          C.the         D.no(   )4.They often play       pipa after school.A./          B.the           C.a          D.an(   )5.This is       old book.       book is interesting.A.a;The       B.an;The        C.the;A        D.the;The(   )6.After school, I often play       basketball with my friends.A./;/          B.the;/         C./;the         D.the;the(   )7.Beijing,        capital of China, has       long history.A.a;a          B.the;/         C.the;a         D./;the(   )8.After school we usually play       soccer for half       hour on sports ground.A./an;the        B.the;a;the        C./;a;/         D.the;an;a(   )9.I played       piano.A./             B.the            C.a(   )10.It's       interesting movie.A.a             B./             C.an(   )11.Look at       bike under the tree.It's a new bike.A.the          B.a           C.an(   )12.Miss Wang is       English teacher.A.a            B.an           C.the(   )13.I'm going to see       Great Wall of China.A.an           B.a           C.the(   )14.Look！Here comes       elephant. It has a long trunk.A.the           B.an           C.a(   )15.She is       head teacher.A.an           B.a               C./(   )16.What       interesting book！A.a            B.an             C.in(   )17.Amy can play     piano and I can play      basketball.A.the;the             B./;the             C.the;/(   )18.I like playing       erhu and my brother likes playing football.A.the;the               B.the;/            C./;the(   )19.There is      useful old book on the desk.      old one is about the Monkey King.A.an;an               B.a;The             C.an;The(   )20.Linda likes       apples, and she has       apple every day.A.the;a              B.some;an          C./;an(   )21.I am playing       piano but my brother is playing volleyball.A./;the              B.the;the             C.the;/(   )22.--Can you play       basketball?         --Yes, I can. I'm       best basketball player.A.the;/               B.the;the              C./;the参考答案  B    A【解析】have a big dinner的意思是“吃一顿丰盛的晚餐”    C    B    B        A  C  A【解析】hour的音标是[aʊə]，以元音音素开头，所以第二个空用an  BCABC【解析】 “Great Wall”是专有名词，其前面一定要加定冠词 “the”BBBCBBC【解析】可数名词复数前不加定冠词“the”,所以第一个空不填；apple首字母的发音是原因/æ/，一个苹果，前用不定冠词“an”CC