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小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第15讲:连词(二)
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这是一份小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第15讲:连词(二),共13页。
小升初语法第16讲:动词(一)知识点讲解与考题精练(有答案) 【考点解读】动词在英语的词类中非常重要,在接下来的学习中,同学们将会了解它的分类并掌握其用法。我们本次将从动词的分类、不同时态句型中的变化形式等方面进行纵向对比学习。学生要特别背诵一些不规则动词的变化形式以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别。【知识点1】动词分类定义:动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。 宾语 及物动词 + 双宾语 实义动词 复合宾语 不及物动词 系动词:be, seem, turn, become等+表语 be + doing动词的种类 done 助动词:have done been doing do (does, did) will, shall, should, would 情态动词:may, can, must, might, could【知识点2】系动词系动词本身没有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和其后面的表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、状态或者身份。系动词后一般接形容词作表语。常见系动词有:状态类系动词:be动词(1) be动词一般现在时的形式am,is,are,过去形式单数用was,复数用were。这几个词都意为“是”,在句子中充当谓语。(2) 在一般现在时态中,be动词am,is,are的运用有所区别。根据主语人称的变化而作出相应的变化。我们可以运用简单的口诀记忆。✮ be动词与人称代词使用口诀:我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它;单数用is,复数全用are.持续系动词:keep(保持)、rest(保持),remain(保持不变),stay(保持某种状态),stand(处于某种状态)常用搭配:keep quiet保持安静 ;stay healthy保持健康例:He keeps silent at the meeting. Please stay quite.感官系动词:look,sound(听起来),smell,taste(尝起来),feel等。常用搭配:look beautiful看起来漂亮;smell good闻起来很棒例:This flower smells nice. The food tastes good.表象系动词:seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),look(看起来)等。常用搭配:seem different似乎好像不同例:He looks tired. He seems to be very sad.变化系动词:become(变得),go(趋于),grow(渐渐变得),get(变得),turn(变得),fall(进入某种状态),come(达到某种状态),run(进展)。go+不好的东西 常用搭配: go bad变质turn+颜色 例:The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 叶子秋天变黄了。I fall asleep very easily.It’s getting warm now.✮ 注意:系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词 【考题精练】一、用下列系动词的适当形式填空。smell, taste, go, get, become, grow, seem, look, feel, turn You __________ very young. At first those questions________easy, but later I found them difficult. After the sports meeting, he _______very tired. My younger brother ______a student last year. When we________ up, we're going to help build up our country. The flowers ________very sweet. Her face _______red. When winter comes, the day _______short. The mooncake ________good.10. The meat__________bad.二、单项选择。( )1. The cloth that smooth and soft .A. feels; sells well B. feels; is well sold C. is felt; sells well D. is felt; sells good( )2. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ___ twenty already.A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed( )3. Your suggestion _____ bad.A. hears B. sounds C. listens to D. listens( )4.Later he _____a doctor.A.became B.turned C. grown D. passed( )5.It's _____cold.A.becoming B.turning C. going D. coming三、在空白处填写适当的系动词听到这个消息,她变得很生气。At the news, she very angry. 天气变得越来越暖和了。The weather is warmer and warmer.人是会变老的。Man will old.她如愿成为一名护士。She a nurse as she had expected.牛奶变质了。The milk bad.我们所有的梦想总有一天会成真的。All our dreams will true one day.他总是在会议上面很安静。He always silent at the meetings.四月天气仍然很冷。The weather still cold in April .他看起来似乎很累。He to be tired. 棉花摸起来很柔软。Cotton soft. 他用了很少的时间就变富有了。she rich within short tine. 谣言被证明是错误的。The rumor false. 【知识点2】实义动词实义动词即表示具有一定意义的动作的词。比如:skate,swim,listen,clean等。实义动词有及物动词与不及物动词之分。及物动词及物动词本身的表意不完整,需要接宾语来使表意完整,有三种形式: 及物动词+宾语 He reads English every day. 及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I always keep my desk clean. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My friend lends me a book.不及物动词不及物动词本身表意完整,不需要接宾语。如:The sun rises.很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词,还有的不及物动词后面带上某个介词就变成可带宾语的及物动词。如:We are reading. (read为不及物动词)We read English every day. (read为及物动词)He is waiting at the bus stop. (wait为不及物动词)He is waiting for me. (wait for 为及物动词)实义动词的五种形态(1) 原形动词原形就是动词本身的状态,那么在什么情况下动词要用原形呢? 情态动词的后面I can dance. 我会跳舞。 和助动词一起使用的时候Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗? 祈使句中Close the windows,please. 请关上窗户。 动词不定式to doThey want to go shopping. 他们想去购物。 某些固定搭配I saw a dog run into the room. (see sb. do sth.)Why not go with me? (why not +动词原形)l often help my mother do some housework. (help sb. (to) do sth.)Don't make us cry. (make sb. do sth.)(2) 第三人称单数形式在一般现在时态中,如果主语是第三人称单数——除了 I 和 you 的另一个个体,谓语动词要用第三人称单数的形式,其变化规律在一般现在时态这个章节中将重点论述。He gets up at seven every day.The little dog likes to eat bones.(3) 过去式在句子的一般过去时态中,谓语动词要用动词的过去式。其变化规律在一般过去时态这个章节中重点论述。I went to the park yesterday.I had a fever last week.(4) 过去分词在句子的完成时态中,谓语动词会用到过去分词,比如现在完成时态,其变化规律将在现在完成时态一章中重点论述。I have already passed the exam.He hasn't done the work yet.(5) 现在分词现在分词使用在句子的现在进行时态中,现在分词的变化规律在现在进行时态这一章节中重点论述。I am having a meeting.Are they talking about their jobs?【拓展】英语动词还有一些变化形式。★ 动词不定式(to do)I like to play basketball after dinner.He wants to eat hamburgers.★ 动名词形式(doing)Drawing is an art.No smoking. 禁止吸烟。【知识点3】助动词助动词从名称上就可以看出起辅助的作用,辅助行为动词构成谓语。助动词的分类基本助动词有三个,分别为:do,does和did。do,does用于一般现在时;did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式是:do not=don't,does not=doesn't,did not=didn't。例如:Do you have any grapes? 你有一些葡萄吗?What do you usually do at weekends? 通常在周末做什么?My sister doesn't do shopping on the Internet.我的姐姐不在网上购物。【知识点4】情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。在小学阶段,我们接触的情态动词主要有: can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)。 还有一些如:ought to,dare(dared)等。情态动词的常见考点:(1) 情态动词 + 动词原形,不受人称和数的变化影响。如:He couldn't play basketball two years ago. (2) 在否定句和一般疑问句中的变化:有情态动词的句子,改为否定句时,在其后加not即可;改为一般疑问句时,则将其提前,首字母大写。如:Look!The light is red. You mustn't cross the road now. Shall we go to the zoo by bus? 情态动词的其他用法动词用法说明例句can表示“能够”He can speak English. 他会说英语。could can的过去式,表“过去能够” 表示请求,语气比can委婉He could skate at 5.Could you help me?can’t 否定,表示“不能够” 表示否定猜测,“不可能是”He can’t be Tom. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是汤姆,汤姆去北京了。must 表示命令和要求,“必须”; 表示肯定猜测,“肯定是”You must finish your homework first.你必须先把你的作业完成。He must be at home.他肯定在家。mustn’t表示“禁止”You mustn’t play in the street.禁止在街上玩耍。may 表请求,语气比could委婉,多用于正式场合 表示祝愿May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗?May you a happy New Year!祝你新年快乐!【真题训练】一、系动词( )1. (石家庄辛集市重点中学招生卷) The flowers in the garden _____ nice. sound taste smell( )2. (太原市杏花岭区小学毕业卷) The man with big eyes ________ a teacher. aren't isn't are( )3. (武汉市武昌区小学毕业卷) The twins ________ very busy yesterday. are were was二、实义动词( )1. (潮州市潮安区小学毕业卷) It's hot today. You'd better your coat.A. take off B. put on C. dress up D. take care( )2. (武汉市汉阳区小学毕业卷)--Can you ________ English? --Yes,I can.A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk( )3. (上海市松江区小学毕业卷) He ________ a book from the library.A. borrow B. lend C. borrowed D. lent三、助动词( )1. (成都市青羊区小学毕业卷)--________ Mary go to the supermarket with her mother last Sunday? --Yes,she ________.A. Does; does B. Does; doesn't C. Did; didn't D. Did; did( )2. (无锡江阴市小学毕业卷) _____ Bob always _____ his homework on time?A. Did; finished B. Will; finish C. Does; finish D. Does; finishes( )3. (杭州市西湖区小学毕业卷) When ___ Jessie ____ to New York yesterday?A. does; get B. did; get C. does; got D. did; got四、情态动词( )1. (武汉市江汉区小学毕业卷) --Can you ride a horse? --No,I ________.can't B. mustn't C. needn't( )2. (上海市青浦区小学毕业卷) You ______ have the soup if you don't like it.shouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. can't( )3. (南京市浦口区小学毕业卷) She ________ be here. I saw her come in.A. can B. may C. should D. must 参考答案一、系动词1. look 2. seemed 3. felt 4. became5. grow 6. smell 7. Turned/turns8. gets 9. tastes 10. goes 二、选择1. The cloth that __ smooth and soft __.A. feels; sells well B. feels; is well soldC. is felt; sells well D. is felt; sells goodA.系动词没有被动语态2. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ___ twenty already.A. become B. turned C. grown D. passedC.表示成长的变化3. Your suggestion _____ bad.A. hears B. sounds C. listens to D. listensB.sound是感官系动词 “听起来是...”,后面可以接表语bad。其余三个选项是感官动词而不是系动词,后面应该接宾语,比如:listen to sb. hear sth.4.Later he _____ a doctor.A.became B.turned C. grown D. passedA.最终他成为了一名医生。become后接单数名词作表语时,名词前要有冠词a/an,而turn后不加冠词。Later he became a doctor. = Later he turned doctor.5.It's _____ cold.A.becoming B.turning C. going D. comingA.become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化,也用于表示天气的变化或社会的发展变化;go多指由好到坏的变化。go bad变坏/质。 三、在空白处填写适当的系动词1.At the news,she became very angry.听到这个消息,她变得很生气。2.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。3.Man will grow old.人是会变老的。4.She turned a nurse as she had expected.她如愿成为一名护士。5.The milk went bad.牛奶变质了。6.All our dreams will come true one day.我们所有的梦想总有一天会成真的。7.He always keeps silent at the meetings.他总是在会议上面很安静。8.The weather still remained cold in April .四月天气仍然很冷。9.He seems to be tired.他看起来似乎很累。10.Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软。11.she grew rich within short tine.他用了很少的时间就变富有了。12.The rumor proved false.谣言被证明是错误的。 【真题训练】一、系动词1. 解析:句意为:花园里的花闻起来很香。sound意为“听起来”;taste意为“尝起来”;smell意为“有……的气味,散发气味,闻起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词。【答案】 C2. 解析:句意为:这位大眼睛的男士不是老师。本句的主语是the man,big eyes是用来修饰主语the man的。因为主语是单数,所以be动词的否定式要用isn't。【答案】 B解析:句意为:昨天这对双胞胎很忙。本句中的twins是复数,be动词用are 或were,由时间状语yesterday 可知该题用过去时态。故选B。【答案】 B二、实义动词1. 解析:句意为:今天很热。你最好脱下你的外套。take off意为“脱下”;put on意为“穿上”;dress up意为“打扮”;take care意为“当心,小心”。【答案】 A2. 解析:句意为:——你会说英语吗?——是的,我会。说某种语言要用动词speak。say意为“说”;tell意为“告诉”;talk意为“谈话”。【答案】 B 3. 解析:句意为:他从图书馆借了一本书。由句意可知是一般过去时。“borrow ... from”意为“从……借”;“lend ... to”意为“把……借给……”。【答案】 C三、助动词1. 解析:由时间状语last Sunday可知,本题是一般过去时,其问句用助动词did,故排除选项A,B。由yes可知选D。【答案】 D2. 解析:由句中的always可知,本题是一般现在时,一般现在时的疑问句用助动词do或does,故排除A,B;在疑问句中谓语动词用原形,故排除D项。【答案】 C 3. 解析:本题中的yesterday是解题关键,意为“昨天”,由此判断本句要用一般过去时。一般过去时的疑问句要用助动词did,故排除选项A,C,在疑问句中谓语动词用原形,故排除选项D。【答案】 B四、情态动词1. 解析:句意为:——你会骑马吗?——不,我不会。can表示能力,用它来提问,就用它来回答。所以选择答案A。【答案】 A2.解析:句意为:如果你不喜欢这个汤,你没必要喝。shouldn't 不应该;mustn't 不能;needn't没有必要;can't不能。本句是if引导的条件状语从句,选项C符合题意。【答案】 C3.解析:句意为:她一定在这,我看见她进来了。can和may表示没有把握的推测,should意为“应该”,must表示有把握的推测。由后句“我看见她进来了。”可推测前句,她一定在这儿。故选D。【答案】 D
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