Unit 4 Adversity and Courage【过基础】（教师版+学生版）

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Unit 4　Adversity and Courage【过基础】

词汇拓展
1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
7．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定
8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷
9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产
10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路
11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传
12．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporation n．(大)公司；法人
13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的

重点词组

1．turn sb.down拒绝(某人)
2．make fire生火
3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)

重点句型

1．We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。
2．It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
3．What if they were delayed?
如果他们被延误了怎么办？
4．If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。

知识精讲

知识要点1　[教材P38]However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified．
然而，沙克尔顿拒绝了我加入探险队的申请，因为他认为我太年轻并且资质不够。
(1)turn sb.down拒绝(某人)
[例1]　I am afraid our boss will turn me down.
我害怕我老板会拒绝我。
[例2]　He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
到目前为止他申请的十份工作都遭到了拒绝。
[知识拓展]
turn down 调小
turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量
turn around/round 转身
turn out 证明是；结果是
turn to 转向；求助于；查阅
turn over 翻转；移交
turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关)
turn in 上交
turn into 变成
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I thanked him for the offer but turned it ．
②It turned that she was a friend of my sister.
③He would turn at meetings.
④A person lacking endurance by the company.
一个缺乏忍耐力的人会被这个公司拒绝。
【答案】1.down2.out 3.up 4.will be turned down
(2)qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
[例1]　The government has given qualified support to the idea.
政府对这一想法给予了适当的支持。
[例2]　Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified teachers.
对有资格的教师的需求远远超过了供应。
[知识拓展]
(1)qualify v． 使具备资格
(2)be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for 具备……资格的；适合担任……的
(3)qualification n. 资格；资历
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He has no (qualify) for this job.
②He knew he was not (qualify) to be a teacher.
③I don't know much about it，so I don't feel qualified (comment)．
④In my opinion，the clever man ．
在我看来，这个聪明的人有资格接受这个工作。
【答案】1.qualification2.qualified3.to comment4.is qualified to accept the job
知识要点2　abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
[教材P38]Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together...在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起……
[例1]　The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
[例2]　Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
[知识拓展]
(1)abandoned adj. 废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的
be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事
(2)abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 纵情/沉溺于(做)某事
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
with abandon 放任地；放纵地；纵情地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rescuers had (abandon) all the hope of finding any more survivors.
②I'm considering abandoning (smoke)soon.
③At the sad news，he abandoned (he) to despair.
④He in his spare time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。
【答案】1.abandoned2.smoking3.himself4. is abandoned to reading all kinds of books
知识要点3　belongings n．财物；动产
[教材P38]We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.我们不允许带走大部分个人物品，沙克尔顿把自己所有的黄金都扔掉了。
[例1]　She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.
她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。
[例2]　She lost all her belongings in the fire.
她在那场火灾中失去了所有财产。
[知识拓展]
(1)belonging n． 归属
a sense of belonging 归属感
(2)belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to sth. 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，
是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①As parents，we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of (belong)．
②They belonged a younger generation.
③I'd like to have a look at the toys which belong to you.
→I'd like to have a look at the toys ．(用非谓语动词)
【答案】1.belonging2.to 3.belonging to you
知识要点4　hold on 稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
[教材P39]Hold on now，Perce.要坚持住啊，珀西。
[例1]　Can you hold on？I'll see if he's here.等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。
[例2]　Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.简决心要守住自己的财产。
[知识拓展]
hold up 支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫
hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back 阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制
hold down 压制；限制
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；忍耐
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The chair is too weak to hold such a fat man.
②Can you hold on those tickets for me?
③ ．I've just got to put on my make­up.等一会儿，我得化妆一下。
【答案】1.up 2.to 3.Hold on for a minute
知识要点5　furniture n．家具
[教材P40]It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.
他费了很大力气才把房间里所有的家具搬走。
[例1]　Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.
他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。
[例2]　We need to buy some new furniture.
我们需要买一些新家具。
[知识拓展]
(1)a piece of furniture 一件家具
(2)furnish vt. 装修；布置，设置；提供；供应
furnish sth.with sth. 用……布置……
furnish sb./sth.with sth.＝furnish sth.to sb./sth.为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with 备有；安装有
(3)furnished adj. 备有家具的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Eleanor moved into a small (furnish) apartment.
②Many proprietors (业主) try to furnish their houses antiques.
③The house is crammed with priceless (furnish) and works of art.
④The bathroom two toilets，two showers，and two sinks.
卫生间里装了两个抽水马桶、两个淋浴器和两个洗脸盆。
⑤The wood is too soft ．
这种木料太软了，不适合用来做家具。
【答案】1.furnished2.with 3.furniture4.is furnished with5.to make furniture
知识要点6　application n．申请(表)；请求；应用(程序等)；用途
[教材P40]Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.
不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够资格。
[例1]　Applications should be submitted as early as possible.申请应尽早提交。
[例2]　How do the two techniques compare in terms of application? 这两种手法实际运用起来哪个好一些？
[知识拓展]
(1)applicant n． 申请人
(2)apply vt. 申请；应用
apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事/物
apply to sb./sth. 适用于某人/物
apply sth.to sth. 把……应用于……
apply oneself to doing sth. 专注于/集中精力做某事

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We should apply what we have learned at school daily life.
②He wants to apply to the company a job as a salesman.
③This traffic rule applies all the drivers.
④In this way they can better ．
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
【答案】1.to 2.for 3.to 4.apply theory to practice
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1　so...that...句型
[教材P38]But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard.
但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小橱柜里。
[句式分析]　本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。
[例1]　I am so tired that I want to sleep right now.
我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。
[例2]　Her parents gave her so many toys that she couldn't possibly play with them all.
她父母给了她那么多玩具，以至于她都玩不过来了。
[知识拓展]

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①George had little money that he had to get a job.
②It was a bad accident that several people got injured.
③The farmer was we found it hard to turn him down.
那位农场主非常热情，我们发现拒绝他很难。
④He is every teacher likes him.
他是如此优秀的一个学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。
【答案】1.so 2.such 3.so enthusiastic that4.such an excellent student that
重点句式2　too...to...结构
[教材P39]...the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
……这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。
[句式分析]　本句中too...to...表示“太……而不能……”，too是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。
[例1]　It is too difficult for me to carry it.
搬它对我来说太难了。
[例2]　Sometimes the oil may be too thick to pour at all.
有时，油可能稠得一点也倒不出来。
[知识拓展]
在下面结构中too...to...含有肯定意义：
(1)当too后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时，如glad，pleased，surprised，happy，eager，anxious等，此时，too相当于very或very much。
(2)too...to...与never，not等连用时，也表示肯定意义。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's far to get there on time.
②You are never late to learn English.
③She was too anxious (buy) this dress.
④I'm you.见到你我非常高兴。
⑤It is ．亡羊补牢为时不晚。
【答案】1.too 2.too 3.to buy4.too glad to meet5.never too late to mend
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)
1．As far as I’m concerned，the new roommate is honest， ，enthusiastic and full of vigour.
2．When you get off the bus，do keep in mind that you must take your .
3．Welcome to one of the largest collections of shoes in the world that will make you green with .
4． ，instead of hitting the ball，he hit his own false teeth!
5．Our head teacher requested us to do some (彻底的) cleaning before class the next day.
6．Under the (指导) of our teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.
7．Please send us all the information that you have about the (s)(应试者) for the position.
8． (遗弃) by his owner，the little dog was leading a miserable life.
【答案】1.genuine2.belongings3.envy4.Unfortunately5.thorough6.guidance7.candidate(s)8.Abandoned
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Today I am as about my job as the first day and my enables me to treat my job .(enthusiastic)
10．Believe it or not，my husband treated me and his always made me in low spirits.
(cruel)
11．Instead of to lose weight，try a practical ：“I’ll stop having dessert for lunch.” (resolve)
12． ，he received a large from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.(fortunate)
13．He himself to working day and night.His won him a great reputation.(commit)
14．He with his violin lessons.It was his that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist.(persevere)
15．He has educational and hence he is well for the job as a tutor.(qualify)
【答案】9.enthusiasm ，enthusiastically10.cruelly ，cruelty 11.resolving ，resolution12.Fortunately，fortune 13.committed ，commitment 14.persevered ，perseverance 15.qualifications ，qualified
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分)
16．我一直梦想着被一所重点大学录取。
I .
17．只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京上大学期间拥有最难忘的经历。
，you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
18．要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办？
when I study English?
19．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。
，I would certainly make full use of the time to improve my academic performance.
【答案】16.have been dreaming of being admitted to a key university17.As long as you take my advice18.What if I come across many difficulties 19.If I were you
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton is an adventure that I
1. (dream) of.However,2. I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 3. (qualify)，so I had no choice but to secretly go aboard his ship，the Endurance.Later I 4. (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be
4. steward.The journey wasn’t very easy，for the Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton
6. (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 7. (he) threw away all his gold.He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo，8. made us surprised.We had been struggling for days，but things were going from bad to worse.Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island，Shackleton left us to find help.Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.I tried to think of 9. (happy) things.I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others.Their 10. (persevere) and their resolve filled me with hope.
【答案】
1.have been dreaming2.when 3.qualified4.was discovered5.a 6.calmly7.himself8.which 9.happier10.perseverance
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：现在完成进行时)

Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，led such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly met with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack 1. to join an expedition advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down because he thought Jack was not 2. .Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so 3. about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went 4. a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good-tempered and loyal and he wasn’t selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those on the ship all liked him.Unfortunately，one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also 5. .At that time，the calm captain made a commitment to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were 6. enough to escape the ship.It was their endurance，resolution and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life.
【答案】1.resolved 2.qualified3.enthusiastic 4.aboard 5.sank6.fortunate

题组C 培优拔尖练
Ⅰ.完形填空
[一]
My father，a soldier，was deployed(调度) again.The ukulele I had watched him play was 1 .The musical instrument sat there lifeless.
It came as a 2 because we had just moved into the present duty station a few weeks before.Still， 3 was the thing that connected my father with Hawaii，a 4 of his home and culture.We learned about our ancestors and family traditions 5 through his music.
This time，we were finally “home” in Hawaii and expected to 6 a place that we’d only heard about in my parents’ stories.We were just arriving，but he was already 7 to leave again，this time without us.Suddenly，we were surrounded by strange relatives and a cultural tradition of which we only knew the surface.We were 8 in the family.The person who made us fit，our father，was gone.That was when I 9 my father’s ukulele.As I plucked(弹拨) the strings tunelessly，I felt 10 to him and our Hawaiian roots.So I picked up an old song book，and I 11 myself to play.I would play and sing，as if my father had been here.After my father returned，he was 12 that I had learned so much.But what I really gained 13 of was that music has the 14 to do truly extraordinary things 15 us to our culture and each other，our past and our present.
语篇解读　本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。作者在与父亲分开的时间里，通过弹奏尤克里里琴维系着与父亲的联系，并通过音乐对自己的祖先与文化有了更深刻的认识。

1．A.polished B．tidied C．abandoned D．sold
C【解析】根据下文中的“The musical instrument sat there lifeless.”可知，作者的父亲被调到其他地方，父亲之前弹奏的尤克里里琴就被遗弃在一边。abandon舍弃，丢弃，符合语境。polish擦亮；tidy整理；sell卖。
2．A.surprise B．puzzle C．challenge D．relief
A【解析】根据下文中的“because we had just moved into the present duty station a few weeks before”和“We were just arriving，but he was already to leave again，this time without us.”可知，作者他们几周前才搬来现在的地方，父亲就又被调度了，而且这次还不带作者他们，因此父亲这次的离开让作者他们感到惊讶(surprise)。
3．A.time B．duty C．music D．distance
C【解析】根据上文中的“The ukulele I had watched him play”及下文中的“through his music”“music has the to do truly extraordinary things”可知，此处指音乐(music)把作者的父亲和夏威夷联系起来，是能够让作者的父亲回忆起祖先和家族传统的事物。
4．A.symbol B．reminder C．memory D．review
B【解析】参见上题解析。reminder引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物，符合语境。
5．A.mostly B．casually C．accidentally D．secretly
A【解析】作者他们主要(mostly)是通过作者父亲的音乐来了解他们的祖先和家族传统的。casually随便地；accidentally偶然地；secretly秘密地。
6．A.look for B．fit into C．take in D．catch at
B【解析】根据第三段中的“we were finally ‘home’ in Hawaii”“we’d only heard about in my parents’ stories”可知，作者他们最终定居在夏威夷，他们期望能融入这个以前只在父母讲的故事中听过的地方。fit into适应，与……融为一体，符合语境。look for寻找；take in吸收，理解；catch at试图抓住。
7．A.disappointed B．prepared C．anxious D．hesitant
B【解析】作者一家刚刚到达这里，父亲却又准备(prepare)离开了，而且这一次父亲是独自离开不带着他们。
8．A.visitors B．relatives C．acquaintances D．foreigners
D【解析】作者他们在这个家族里像是外来人(foreigner)。visitor游客；relative亲戚；acquaintance熟人，泛泛之交。
9．A.received B．noticed C．recognized D．needed
B【解析】那个时候作者注意到(notice)了父亲的尤克里里琴。
10．A.closer B．stranger C．familiar D．superior
A【解析】根据下文中的“I would play and sing，as if my father had been here.”可知，作者拨动琴弦，感觉自己和父亲离得更近(closer)了。
11．A.persuaded B．inspired C．taught D．told
C【解析】作者挑选了一本以前的乐谱，开始自学弹奏尤克里里琴。teach oneself自学，符合语境。persuade说服；inspire激励；tell告诉。
12．A.shocked B．confident C．curious D．annoyed
A【解析】根据下文中的“I had learned so much”可知，父亲得知作者学习了这么多东西时，感到很惊讶。shocked震惊的；confident自信的；curious好奇的；annoyed恼怒的。
13．A.control B．possession C．command D．knowledge
D【解析】此处与上文中的“learned so much”相呼应，表示作者真正学到的知识是，音乐有惊人的力量(power)。knowledge知识，学问，学识，符合语境。
14．A.potential B．sense C．privilege D．power
D【解析】参见上题解析。
15．A.exposing B．tying C．expressing D．introducing
B【解析】音乐能将作者一家和他们的文化，他们的过去和现在联系(tie)在一起。expose使暴露；express表达；introduce介绍。
[二]
The teachers I know didn’t expect how 1 this remote teaching would be.There are so many 2 that arise：families not responding，students who can’t 3 new platforms，new platforms not doing what they are 4 to do.The list goes on.
But that’s just from the teacher’s 5 .Principals(校长) have to hear the teachers’ issues，and they have to help parents 6 their kid in the virtual classroom，getting 7 daily from the district，finding devices for everyone，and much more.
Our principal’s work was incredibly hard before the world turned upside down.Now，she’s dealing with it all， 8 teachers，parents，and students，while 9 what the district is carrying out.There are sleepless nights and 10 stress.
I organized a little 11 today from the staff building.We were all on campus today to drive through the local neighborhood with signs on our cars，pressing our horns and 12 at our students in their yards and on their porches.I asked the staff to bring 13 for our principal：paper towels，hand sanitizer，latex gloves，masks，and some other 14 things.Others brought wine and chocolate.
We couldn’t take all her 15 off her back，but we could show her that we love and appreciate her.
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。校长每天的工作非常繁忙，压力非常大。于是职工们在校园组织了一个自驾车队到社区宣传，支持校长的工作。

1．A.developed B．hard C．boring D．important
B【解析】developed发展的；hard困难的；boring令人厌烦的；important重要的。根据下文列举的远程教学遇到的很多问题可知，老师们没想到远程教学如此困难。故选B项。
2．A.advantages B．issues C．lessons D．thoughts
B【解析】句意为：有太多的问题出现了：家庭没有回应，学生不能登上新平台，新平台没有做到他们应该做的。advantage优点；issue问题；lesson课程；thought想法。故选B项。
3．A.move off B．look after C．turn down D．get on
D【解析】句意见上题解析。move off离开；look after照顾；turn down拒绝；get on上(车、平台等)。故选D项。
4．A.supposed B．scared C．directed D．believed
A【解析】固定短语be supposed to do 意为“应该，应当”，符合句意。故选A项。
5．A.interest B．career C．effort D．view
D【解析】句意为：但那只是从教师的观点出发。interest兴趣；career职业；effort努力；view观点。故选D项。
6．A.educate B．praise C．get D．find
C【解析】句意为：校长们必须倾听老师的问题，必须帮助家长们让孩子进入虚拟教室，每天从学区获得指示，为每个人找到设备，等等。educate教育；praise表扬；get使，让；find找到。故选C项。
7．A.payments B．instructions C．supplies D．instruments
B【解析】句意见上题解析。payment支付；instruction指示；supply供应；instrument乐器。故选B项。
8．A.ignoring B．removing C．avoiding D．handling
D【解析】句意为：现在，她正在处理这一切，她在处理教师、家长和学生的问题，同时也在处理这个地区正在实施的事情。ignore忽视；remove移走；avoid避免；handle处理。故选D项。
9．A.denying B．solving C．delaying D．treasuring
B【解析】句意见上题解析。deny否认；solve解决，处理；delay推迟；treasure珍视，珍藏。故选B项。
10．A.incredible B．frightened C．excited D．joyful
A【解析】句意为：有许多不眠之夜和令人难以置信的压力。incredible难以置信的；frightened害怕的；excited激动的；joyful高兴的。故选A项。
11．A.drive B．walk C．ride D．race
A【解析】句意为：今天我组织了一个小型的从员工大楼出发的驾车活动。drive驾驶；walk走路；ride骑车；race比赛。故选A项。
12．A.shouting B．laughing C．waving D．aiming
C【解析】句意为：今天我们都在校园，开车穿过附近的社区，车上贴着标语，按着喇叭，向我们的学生挥手。shout叫喊；laugh笑；wave挥手；aim瞄准。故选C项。
13．A.clothes B．items C．books D．papers
B【解析】句意为：我让一些职工给校长带上一些物品：纸巾、洗手液、乳胶手套、口罩和其他一些日常用品。clothes衣服；item物品；book书；paper论文。故选B项。
14．A.daily B．important C．valuable D．colorful
A【解析】句意见上题解析。daily日常的；important重要的；valuable有价值的；colorful多彩的。故选A项。
15．A.positions B．plans C．routines D．wishes
C【解析】句意为：我们无法把所有的日常工作从她肩上卸下，但我们可以向她表示我们爱她，并感激她。position位置；plan计划；routine日常工作；wish祝福。故选C项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
There is no doubt that humankind dreams of making Mars our second home.However，sending people there will require all the skills，courage and 1. (intelligent) of the human race.While the Moon can be reached within days，it would take months to reach Mars,2. (travel) through dangerous solar radiation.And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely，staying alive will be 3. daily challenge，but as proved by the Biosphere experiment，not impossible.
As early as the 1980s，scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.It consisted of a closed space 4. people，animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed 5. (function) with its own oxygen，food and water，needing nothing from the outside world.6. the two-year experiment was not a success，it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently，scientists 7. (succeed) in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That 8. (definite) is a big step forward.
For now，human settlement of Mars is still 9. (decade) away.In the meantime，scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting 10. (warm)．This change is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前对在火星生活的探索和挑战，最近科学家成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了多种植物，这绝对是向前迈出的一大步。但人类在火星定居仍需几十年的时间。

1　intelligence【解析】考查名词。根据“all the skills，courage and”可知，此处要用名词作require的宾语，intelligence“智慧”，为抽象名词，不可数。故填intelligence。
2　travelling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词would take，故此处要用非谓语动词作状语，travel是不及物动词，应用现在分词。故填travelling。
3　a
【解析】考查冠词。challenge“挑战”为可数名词，此处泛指“一个”挑战，应用不定冠词，又daily的发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
4　where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为a closed space，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故此处要用关系副词where。故填where。
5　to function【解析】考查动词不定式。句中已有谓语动词was designed，故此处要用非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式。故填to function。
6　Although/Though/While【解析】考查连词。根据此句和下文“it did provide us”可知，此上下文表示让步，因此要用连词although/though/while，位于句首首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
7　have succeeded【解析】考查时态。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据More recently可知，应用现在完成时，且主语为scientists，助动词应用have。故填have succeeded。
8　definitely【解析】考查副词。句意为：这绝对是向前迈出的一大步。此处要用副词修饰谓语动词is。故填definitely。
9　decades【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意为：目前，人类在火星定居仍需几十年的时间。decade“十年”是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故填decades。
10　warmer【解析】考查形容词的比较级。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合常识和“is getting”可知，地球正在变得越来越暖，故应用比较级。故填warmer。