Unit 4 Adversity and Courage【过语法写作】（教师版+学生版）

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Unit 3 Environmental Protection【过语法写作】 现在完成进行时【观察例句】1．People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.2．Many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.3．He has been fighting with a friend.4．I have been looking for a job for three months.5．I have been writing letters all this evening and I've just finished them.6．You haven't been doing your homework those days.【归纳用法】一、意义现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。二、构成肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doingHe hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。三、用法1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。It has been snowing for three hours.雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time.她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。[名师点津]不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。我已经感冒两周了。I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×)I have had a cold for two weeks. (√)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①They                (build) the bridge for two months.②He                 (play) basketball since he was ten.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The Chinese government                 (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine Fever for months，recently many have received the first doses.2．The dollar                 (climb) steadily all week.3．I                 (wait) for an hour and a half.4．She is very tired. She                 (work) all morning.5．Jim                 (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.6．They                 (build) the bridge for two months.7．The telephone                 (ring) in the office all the morning.8．In the past few years，he                 (deal) with a few international companies.9．She is tired. She                 (type) letters all the afternoon.10．He                 (write) a letter this morning and sent it to his friend.Ⅱ.短文语法填空My wish is 1.          (go) to a key university. I 2.          (study) for many years. But I am poor 3.          English since I went to junior school. My English teacher told me to insist          listening and writing. I 5.          (learn) English every morning to improve it. Because I 6.          (waste) a lot of time，it was hard to catch up with other students. After 7.          (go) to high school，I 8.          (stay) up late into the night and 9.          (get) up early in the morning. I 10.          (write) two compositions every day. I think I should spare no effort to improve my English and achieve my dream. 单元写作人物描写本单元写作项目是描述一个有毅力的人物，属于人物描写的写作范畴。[基本框架]1．开头(beginning)——总体介绍2．主体(body)——详细介绍3．结尾(ending)——简要总结[常用词块]1．be keen on 喜欢……2．adapt himself to...使自己适应……3．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难4．be eager/thirty/dying to do sth.渴望做某事5．gain reputation for获得……荣誉6．have a talent/gift for...有……天赋[常用语句]★精彩开头1．Allan Stewart，of Australian nationality，was born on March 7th，1915.艾伦·斯图尔特，澳大利亚国籍，1915年3月7日出生。2．Born in 1911 in Shanghai，Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world.钱学森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。3．Born into a rich family in Shanghai on Nov. 4th，1933，Charles Kuen Kao showed great interest in doing different experiments during his childhood.1933年11月4日出生于上海一个富裕的家庭，高锟从小就对做不同的实验表现出极大的兴趣。★正文佳句1．He is clever as well as friendly.他既聪明又友好。2．He is such an honest man that all think highly of him.他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于所有人都高度评价他。3．His modesty leaves us a deep impression.他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻印象。★余味结尾1．All in all，in my view，Yang has a good future considering his ability and faith.总之，在我看来，考虑到他的能力和信念，杨有一个美好的未来。2．Not only did she make great contributions to the world of science but she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist on account of what she did.她不仅为科学界做出了巨大贡献，而且因为她的所作所为她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。3．His scientific achievement has shaped the foundations of today's communication.他的科学成就为今天的通信奠定了基础。请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。姓 名：莫言(管谟业)出生日期：1955年2月17日出 生 地：山东省高密市一个穷苦人家兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法(calligraphy)性格特征：开朗、幽默主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“茅盾文学奖”；2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature)。评 价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。        随堂练习一．阅读理解AA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first­rate photo­journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian­built three­master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well­researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a one­time British merchant­navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A．They were made last week.B．They showed undersea sceneries.C．They were found by a cameraman.D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A．Frank Hurley.B．Ernest Shackleton.C．Robert Falcon Scott.D．Caroline Alexander.3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.BEarly in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe.In order to find Asia，they had to find a way past South America.The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men.Fourteen months later，after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia(巴塔哥尼亚)，he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Magellan.In November 1520，after many months of dangers from rocks and storms，the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.They then continued，hoping to reach Asia.But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia.Before they arrived at these islands，later known as the Philippines，men were dying of starvation.While they were staying in the Philippines，Magellan was killed in battles.The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain.They decided to sail round Africa.After many difficulties，one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving.They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition.However，their achievement was great.They were the first men to sail round the world.4．What was the purpose of Magellan's expedition?A．To sail round the world.B．To find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific.C．To make a voyage to Asia.D．To carry men to Philippines.5．When was the Strait of Magellan discovered?A．In August 1519. B．In October 1520.C．In November 1520. D．In October 1519.6．What's the best title for this passage?A．The Discovery of MagellanB．The Discovery of the PhilippinesC．The Most Dangerous Expeditions in NavigationD．The First Sailing Round the World二.阅读七选五If you were a basketball coach and you ignored your goal to win a championship and focused only on what your team did each day，would you still get results？I think you would.  1  When you're working toward a goal，in fact you are saying，“Although I'm not good enough，I will work hard to reach my goal.Once I achieve my goal，then I'll be successful and happy.”That means that you're always teaching yourself to put happiness and success off until the next important goal is achieved.  2  Can you imagine what it would be like to make it my goal to write two books this year？Just writing some sentences can make me feel worried.You may think your goal will keep you motivated(有积极性的)over the long term，but that's not always true.  3  Many people will work hard for months，but as soon as they finish the race，they will stop training.Their goal is to finish the half­marathon.And now that they have completed it，that goal is no longer there to motivate them.When all of your hard work is focused on a particular goal，what is left to push you forward after you achieve it？This can create a type of “yo­yo effect”．  4  This type of cycle makes it difficult to build upon your progress for the long term.Goals can provide directions and even push you forward in the short term，but eventually a well­designed course of action will always win.  5  Committing to the process is what makes the difference.A．Having a course of action is what matters.B．Consider someone training for a half­marathon.C．We all have things that we want to achieve in our life.D．Choosing a goal puts a huge burden on your shoulders.E．What's the difference between goals and courses of action?F．People go back and forth from working on a goal to not working on one.G．Let's talk about why you should focus on the courses of action instead of goals.