01 Unit 4词汇篇-2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习(人教版2019必修第一册)

这是一份01 Unit 4词汇篇-2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习(人教版2019必修第一册)，共13页。试卷主要包含了 ruin n， affect vt， trap vt， shck vt， bury vt， cme t an end结束， damage n， strike vt等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习过过过(人教版2019必修第一册)
Unit 4词汇

1. ruin n. [U] 毁坏; 毁灭; 崩溃; n. [C](pl. )废墟; 遗迹; v. (使)破产; (使)堕落; 毁灭
【教材原句】
In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. (P50)
在不到一分钟的时间内, 一个大城市变成一片废墟。
【拓展记忆】
(1)lie/be in ruins　　　　　 成为废墟
bring. . . to ruin 使……毁灭; 使……没落
(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
2. affect vt. 影响; 感动; (疾病) 侵袭
【典型例句】
He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects. 他花了很多时间在数学上, 这反过来影响其他学科的进程。
【拓展记忆】
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by　　被……深深打动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用; 影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
　【要点识记】
affect vt. 感动; 影响→affection n. 喜爱; 感情
→affectional 情感上的; 爱情的→affective 情感的; 表达感情的→affecting 动人的; 感人的
3. trap vt. 使陷入困境; n. 陷阱; 困境
【典型例句】
(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一位援救队员冒着生命危险救了陷在山中两天的两位游客。
【拓展记忆】
(1)be trapped in. . . 　　　　　被困在……中
trap sb. into (doing sth. ) 诱使某人(做某事)
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
set a trap for sb. 给某人设圈套
4. shock vt. & vi. (使) 震惊; 震动 n. 休克; 打击; 震惊
【典型例句】
The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
幸存人员躺在海岸上, 又惊又累。
【拓展记忆】
be shocked to do sth. 　　　　　做某事很震惊
be shocked at. . . 对……感到震惊
a shock to. . . 使……吃惊
【要点识记】
electric shock 触电; 电休克
cultural shock 文化冲突
5. bury vt. 掩埋; 埋葬; 使专心, 使沉浸; 隐藏
【教材原句】
The army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P50)
部队派出150, 000名战士去唐山将受困的人们挖出来, 并掩埋死者。
【拓展记忆】
(1)bury one’s head/face in hands　　　双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in=bury oneself in 专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
注：表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个:
be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on等。
6. come to an end结束
【教材原句】
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (P50)
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【拓展记忆】
(1)at the end of. . . 　　　在……尽头, 在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时, 到……时候为止
in the end 最后; 终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth. 结束; 终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵, 量入为出
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做……结束
【要点识记】
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
come to one’s aid 帮助某人
7. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.
鸡群, 甚至是猪群都太紧张了而不吃东西。
【典型例句】
I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film. 我当时太年幼, 不理解这部电影的含义。
【句型公式】
(1)too+adj. /adv. (for sb. ) +to do sth. 表示否定的意义, 意思是“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”。
(2)当too. . . to. . . 用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时, 不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never. . . too. . . 再怎么……也不过分。
8. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!  
【典型例句】
Paul fought the wolf bravely as if he were a superman.
保罗仿佛是一位超人勇敢地与狼作斗争。
【句型公式】
It seemed/seems (to sb. ) that/as if. . .
(对某人来说) 似乎……
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的, 从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的, 从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反: did/were
与过去事实相反: had done
与将来事实相反: would/could. . . +do
(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同, 且含有be动词, 可省略从句主语和be动词。
9. damage n. &vt. 损失; 损害
【典型例句】
Damaged but not defeated , he was still ahead of me.
他受到了伤害, 但没有被打败, 他仍然在我前面。
【易混辨析】辨析: ruin, destroy与damage
ruin
指一次性、彻底地毁坏, 无可挽回的伤害, 但不一定完全毁灭。此外, ruin多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“坏了”。in ruins意为“成为废墟; 遭到严重破坏”
destroy
强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉, 使之无法复原; 有时用于比喻, 意为“打破(希望, 计划); 使失败”
damage
损失, 损坏; 多用于无生命的东西, 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复; 这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的
【拓展记忆】
cause damage to对……造成危害
10. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck/stricken, striking)打; 撞击; 罢工; 袭击; 报时; 划(火柴)/n. [C, U]罢工
【典型例句】
Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare’s writing remains powerful and true. 我被精彩的语言深深打动, 思考着莎士比亚的作品居然在今天还是那么真实、有力。
【拓展记忆】
(1)be struck with/by　　　 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb. that. . . 某人突然想到……
(2)strike. . . into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
11. on hand现有(尤指帮助)
【典型例句】
He wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he come tomorrow than today. 他现在想见我, 但是我现有这么多的工作以至于我宁愿他明天来。
【拓展记忆】
in hand　　　　　　在手头; 在处理中
at hand 在手边; 可能很快发生的
by hand 用手工
hand in 交上; 提交
hand out 分发
hand over 交出; 移交
hand on 交付, 传递
hand down 宣布, 把……传下去
lend sb. a hand 伸出援手
shake hands 握手
hand in hand 手拉手; 密切关联
put one’s hands on 找到
on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . 一方面……另一方面……
12. sweep away消灭; 彻底消除
【典型例句】 Any doubts had long since been swept away.
一切怀疑早已完全消除。
【拓展记忆】
sweep up　　　　　　　　 　打扫; 清扫
sweep over/across/around 扫视; 掠过
sweep through 扫过; 掠过

第一部分 单元词汇默写本
I.核心单词
1. 　　 n. &vt. 营救; 救援
2. vt. 损害; 破坏
n. 损坏; 损失
3. vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
4. vt. 影响; ( 疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
5. n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护
vt. 保护; 掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
6. vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套
n. 险境; 陷阱
7. vt. 埋葬; 安葬
8. vi. & vt. 呼吸
9. n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
10. n. 供应(量); 补给; [pl. ] 补给品
vt. 供应; 供给
II. 拓展单词
1. die v. 死(亡)→ n. 死; 死亡→ adj. 死的; 无生命的
2. shock vt. (使)震惊; 震动→ adj. 令人震惊的→ adj. 震惊的
3. electricity n. 电; 电流; 电学→ adj. 电的; 用电的→ adj. 发电的
4. breathe vt. & vi 呼吸→ n. 呼吸
5. wise adj. 聪明的→ n. 智慧; 才智
6. suffer vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 经历→ n. 痛苦, 苦难
7. survive v. 生存; 生还→ n. 幸存; 继续生存→ n. 幸存者; 残存物
8. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力→ adj. 强大的; 强有力的→ adj. 无力的; 没有能力的; 无权力的
9. emergency n. 突发事件; 紧急情况→ adj. 新兴的
10. length n. 长; 长度→ adj. 长的
III..核心短语
1. 严重受损; 破败不堪 
2. 震惊; 吃惊 
3. 数以万计的 
4. 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是 
5. 至少; 起码; 无论如何 
6. 露天; 在户外 
7. 结束 
8. 站在……(达特定水平) 
9. 消灭; 彻底消除 
10. 现有(尤指帮助) 
IV..经典句式
1. 句型公式: too+adj. +to. . . 太……而不能……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were (太紧张了而不吃东西).  
2. 句型公式: It seems/ seemed as if. . . 看起来似乎……
(看起来似乎) the world was at an end!  
3. 句型公式: whose引导的定语从句
Workers built shelters for survivors (他们的家园) had been destroyed.  
第二部分 单元词汇运用
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. This is one of the worst natural ______________(灾难) in the area.
2. With the help of her teacher and through her own ______________(努力), Helen graduated from university.
3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which ______________(影响) your learning.
4. Firemen were called out to ______________(营救) a man trapped in the building.
5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and ______________ (避难处).
6. Forty ______________ (百分比)of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.
7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could ______________(呼吸) all the time.
8. Try to keep ______________ (镇静的) and just tell me what happened.
9. Her beauty ______________ (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.
10. I am having some flowers ______________(递送) for her birthday.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Many houses _______________________(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.  
2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun _______________________(be) shining.
3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors _______________________ the sinking ship.
4. The late flood did much damage _______________________ the village.
5. He _______________________ (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.  
6. _______________________(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.
7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm _______________________ (you) down.
8. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he _______________________ (do) something very clever.  
9. Then I saw it—a thin arm _______________________(wave) weakly a few yards away.
10. When I stopped playing and looked up, I was _______________________(shock) to see a small crowed around us.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Obviously, they didn’t realize that their behavior had _______________________ the beauty of the park.  
很明显, 他们没有意识到他们的行为给这个美丽的公园造成了巨大的损坏。
2. I find that she is really _______________________.  
我发现她真的难以相处。
3. All the houses were left _______________________ because of the heavy rainstorm.  
由于暴风雨, 所有的房子都沦为废墟。
4. The bad road conditions _______________________ get there in time.  
糟糕的路况使他们及时到达那里变得很困难。
5. Luckily, the war between the two countries _______________________ at last.  
幸运的是, 两国之间的战争最终结束了。
6. I _______________________ alone _______________________ a heavy rain poured down.  
我正在街上独自闲逛, 这时大雨倾盆而下。
7. They were _______________________ what to do next.  
他们太害怕了, 不知道接下来该做什么。
8. I don’t know why he is looking at me _______________________. In fact I’ve never seen him before.  
我不知道他为什么一直看着我, 好像认识我似的。事实上我之前从未见过他。
IV. 语法填空
　　There 1. 　　　　　(be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发出) a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞食) trees 2. 　　　　　 lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked
3. 　　　　　 thick smoke. So far, the fire 4. 　　　　　 (put) out.  
The government has recorded 72, 843 fires. The fire is just one of
5. 　　　　　 (they) in the Amazon, the world’s 6. 　　　　　 (large) rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazil’s space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased by 17 percent so far this year compared to the same period in 2018.  
Environmental 7. 　　　　　 (group)said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation (采伐森林) of the Amazon, 8. 　　　　　 led to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted 9. 　　　　　 (argue) against that. The government claimed that non-governmental organizations
10. 　　　　　 (angry) set fire to the forest after it cut their funding.  

参考答案
第一部分 单元词汇默写本
I.核心单词
1. rescue　　 n. &vt. 营救; 救援
2. damage vt. 损害; 破坏
n. 损坏; 损失
3. destroy vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
4. affect vt. 影响; ( 疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
5. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护
vt. 保护; 掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
6. trap (trapped, trapped) 
vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套
n. 险境; 陷阱
7. bury vt. 埋葬; 安葬
8. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
9. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
10. supply n. 供应(量); 补给; [pl. ] 补给品
vt. 供应; 供给
II. 拓展单词
1. die v. 死(亡)→death n. 死; 死亡→dead adj. 死的; 无生命的
2. shock vt. (使)震惊; 震动→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 震惊的
3. electricity n. 电; 电流; 电学→electric adj. 电的; 用电的→electrical adj. 发电的
4. breathe vt. & vi 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
5. wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 智慧; 才智
6. suffer vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 经历→suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难
7. survive v. 生存; 生还→survival n. 幸存; 继续生存→survivor n. 幸存者; 残存物
8. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力→powerful adj. 强大的; 强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的; 没有能力的; 无权力的
9. emergency n. 突发事件; 紧急情况→emergent adj. 新兴的
10. length n. 长; 长度→long adj. 长的
III..核心短语
1. in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪 
2. in shock 震惊; 吃惊 
3. tens of thousands of 数以万计的 
4. refer to 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是 
5. at least 至少; 起码; 无论如何 
6. in the open air 露天; 在户外 
7. come to an end 结束 
8. stand at sth. 站在……(达特定水平) 
9. sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除 
10. on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: too+adj. +to. . . 太……而不能……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat(太紧张了而不吃东西).  
2. 句型公式: It seems/ seemed as if. . . 看起来似乎……
It seemed as if(看起来似乎) the world was at an end!  
3. 句型公式: whose引导的定语从句
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes(他们的家园) had been destroyed.  
第二部分 单元词汇运用
Ⅰ. 1. This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难) in the area.
2. With the help of her teacher and through her own efforts(努力), Helen graduated from university.
3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which affected(影响) your learning.
4. Firemen were called out to rescue(营救) a man trapped in the building.
5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and shelters (避难处).
6. Forty percent (百分比)of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.
7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could breathe(呼吸) all the time.
8. Try to keep calm (镇静的) and just tell me what happened.
9. Her beauty struck (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.
10. I am having some flowers delivered(递送) for her birthday.
Ⅱ. 1. Many houses were destroyed(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.  
2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun were(be) shining.
3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
4. The late flood did much damage to the village.
5. He was trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.  
6. Buried(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.
7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself (you) down.
8. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever.  
9. Then I saw it—a thin arm waving(wave) weakly a few yards away.
10. When I stopped playing and looked up, I was shocked(shock) to see a small crowed around us.
Ⅲ. 1. Obviously, they didn’t realize that their behavior had done/caused great damage to the beauty of the park.  
2. I find that she is really difficult to get along with.  
3. All the houses were left in ruins because of the heavy rainstorm.  
4. The bad road conditions made it difficult for them to get there in time.  
5. Luckily, the war between the two countries came to an end at last.  
6. I was wandering on the street alone when a heavy rain poured down.  
7. They were too frightened to know what to do next.  
8. I don’t know why he is looking at me as if he knew me. In fact I’ve never seen him before.  
IV. 【文章大意】本文讲述了关于亚马逊热带雨林着火原因的不同说法。
1. 【解析】were。考查主谓一致。句意: 眼前没有灯光, 但夜空闪着暗黄色的光, 因为亚马逊热带雨林正在燃烧。本句为there be结构, 其主语为no lights, 故用复数形式, 根据上下文可知用一般过去时态, 故填were。
2. 【解析】and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知, 此处连接谓语动词engulfed和lit , 表并列, 应用并列连词, 故填and。
3. 【解析】by。考查介词。句意: 白天, 阳光被浓烟挡住了。根据句意可知, be blocked by“被……阻止”, 这里表被动, 后接名词, 应用介词, 故填by。
4. 【解析】has been put。考查时态和语态。句意: 到目前为止, 火已经熄灭了。根据时间状语so far可知本句用现在完成时, 又因put out与主语the fire之间为被动关系, 故填has been put。
5. 【解析】them。考查代词。句意: 亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林, 也是对抗气候变化的斗士, 火灾只是其中之一。根据其前介词of可知应用代词宾格作宾语, 故填them。
6. 【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。根据常识判断, 亚马逊雨林是世界上 “最大的”雨林, 故填largest。
7. 【解析】groups。考查名词复数。句意: 环保组织表示, 政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐, 这导致了更多的火灾。此处environmental groups指环保组织, 应用复数形式, 故填groups。
8. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意: 环保组织表示, 政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐, 这导致了更多的火灾。分析句子结构可知, 代指前面整句话的内容, 在非限制性定语从句中作主语, 故填which。
9. 【解析】to argue。考查非谓语动词。句意: 但政府发布了一份报告, 想对此进行反驳。want后接动词作宾语, 应用不定式形式, 故填to argue。
10. 【解析】angrily。考查副词。句意: 政府声称, 非政府组织在资金被削减后, 愤怒地放火焚烧森林。分析句子成分可知, 此处作状语修饰动词短语set fire, 应用副词形式, 故填angrily。