专题05 阅读理解之议论文10篇（第一期）-高考英语名校模拟真题速递（全国卷专用）

这是一份专题05 阅读理解之议论文10篇（第一期）-高考英语名校模拟真题速递（全国卷专用），共24页。

高考英语名校模拟真题速递（全国卷专用）
第一期
专题05 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2022·广西·统考一模）Tune in to a college football match in America, and you might think that you are watching a professional rather than an amateur sport. The biggest stadiums routinely fill over 100,000 seats. Corporate sponsorships are common. Television broadcasts are filled with ads for expensive pick-up trucks and beers. In all, America’s college athletic departments brought in a combined $18.1bn of revenue (收益) in 2017, up from $9.8bn in 2007.
Despite the popularity of their output, college athletes receive no salary. The National College Athletic Association (NCAA), which governs college sports, has long forbidden its players to receive any reward. The ordinance has caused public discussion and disagreement. After years of legal challenges and intense public scrutiny(监督), the NCAA’s restriction on paying student athletes is at last starting to crack.
On September 10th, California passed a bill which would allow athletes at colleges in the state with profitable sports programs to hire agents and earn money on the side through sponsorship deals or autograph(签名) sales. The bill still needs to be signed by the governor, and would not come into effect until 2023.
Some lawmakers would like to go one step further. Senator Bernie Sanders put it plainly on Twitter: “College athletes are workers. Pay them.” Yet treating athletes as employees could make things more complicated. Would this mean that colleges would pay their female players as much as males, for example, even if the men bring in more revenue?
Richard Borghesi, an economist at the University of South Florida-Sarasota, has written a pair of papers looking at how much top athletes would make if they were paid according to their ability to generate revenue for their colleges. Mr Borghesi estimates that the top 10% of football and 16% of basketball players would be paid around $400,000 and $250,000 a year respectively.
The NCAA opposes California’s efforts. The association notes that college athletes are already rewarded in the form of scholarships, and argues that they shouldn’t get any further reward as amateur players. The NCAA has also threatened to ban Californian colleges from competing in national championships.
Although the NCAA’s objections may have been reasonable at some point, they make little sense today. The two most profitable college sports, American football and basketball, are highly competitive. Many universities are willing to make every effort to admit talented players.
1．What does the underlined word “ordinance” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Request. B．Permission. C．Experiment. D．Rule.
2．What may Bernie Sanders agree with?
A．Male and female players should earn the same income.
B．Student athletes should be paid according to their ability.
C．College players should be allowed to profit from their talent.
D．College athletes should earn less that professional employees.
3．What does the author think of the NCAA’s disapproval?
A．It seemed harmful. B．It will end in vain.
C．It sounds ridiculous. D．It will lead to confusion.
4．What would be the test title for the text?
A．Pay for play. B．Play to grow.
C．Future of student athletes. D．Popularity of college sports.

（2022·广西南宁·南宁三中校考二模）A recent story in the Wall Street Journal newspaper looked at students who went to celebrated universities such as Columbia and New York University, for advanced degrees in subjects like art, film and even social work. Many of the students said they learned a lot. However, when they graduated, they were deep in debt and did not think they would find work that would let them pay back their loans.
Students said they spoke with Columbia about the high cost of advanced arts degrees but never received a reasonable answer. Education experts say the school is very wealthy, with large funds. The University, however, prefers to ask the students to pay the full cost.
Kevin Carey is a higher education expert for New America, a public policy research center. He called master’s degrees “a scam” in a conversation. “Charging people a ton of money to go into any artistic career is often super problematic,” he said.
Castillo is an actor in New York City. He earned an MFA from The Actors Studio in New York City. Was his MFA worth the cost? “I do think it was worth it. I don’t put a price tag on my education or my experience. I think it’s sort of unfortunate that so many people take education for granted.” Castillo said students who are thinking about an advanced degree in art should be sure they are doing it because they value the education, not because they want money or to be famous.
Plazinska is a filmmaker in New York City. She attended graduate school both at Baylor University in Texas and at the University of Lowa. Arts graduate programs can help students meet and make friends with fellow artists with whom they can work throughout their careers. For school to be of value, students need to remember why they started making art in the beginning. “It’s just for the pure pleasure of creating and fulfilling myself this way.”
5．What’s the problem for students in famous universities for art advanced degrees?
A．They can’t take loans. B．They can’t find any work.
C．They may be heavily in debt. D．They may drop out of university.
6．What does the underlined word “scam” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Way. B．Trick. C．Skill. D．Game.
7．What does Castillo think of his MFA?
A．He thinks highly of it.
B．It’s a waste of money.
C．He takes it for granted.
D．It brings him fame and money.
8．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Arts graduate programs ensure a promising future.
B．Students had better consider whether they can afford the fee.
C．Arts graduate programs introduce celebrity artists to their students.
D．Students should stick to their original purposes while learning.

（2022秋·贵州遵义·高三统考一模）The world is full of tea drinkers. For many, they simply enjoy the taste. But new research suggests tea might help those who drink it live longer than those who do not. Tea is known to contain helpful substances known to reduce inflammation, a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury. Past studies have suggested several health benefits. Now, scientists say black tea may show similar benefits.
Scientists from the United States National Cancer Institute carried out the study. They examined data gathered about the tea drinking behavior of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years. The researchers adjusted for risks that individual may have related to health, living conditions, diet and lifestyle choices, as well as age, race and gender. The study found that high tea intake was linked to a moderate benefit: a 9 to 13 percent lower risk of death from any cause than non-tea drinkers.
The scientists say the lowered risk of death held true for study subjects with heart disease. However, researchers said there was noclear finding in connection with deaths from cancer. Researchers were not sure why. But it is possible there were too few confirmed cancer deaths to measure, said Maki, who led the study.
All kinds of tea-green, black, oolong, and white-are produced from the Camellia sinensis plant using different methods. Tea contains various elements, including polyphenols(多酚). Experts say polyphenols are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been linked to tea, especially green tea. Green tea is reported to improve mental ability, ease digestive problems and head pain, and help people with weight loss. Green tea has also been studied for possible protective effects against heart disease and cancer.
The study of British tea drinkers was based on observing people’s behaviors and health. This kind of methodology cannot prove cause and effect.
9．What does “inflammation“ underlined in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Food intake.
B．Security risk.
C．A kind of flavor.
D．A kind of symptom.
10．How did the United States National Cancer Institute conduct the study?
A．By examining data collected from tea drinkers.
B．By analyzing the effects of all kinds of tea.
C．By observing people of all ages across the US.
D．By comparing subjects with different diseases.
11．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．People produce tea using the same method.
B．All kinds of tea can help people lose weight.
C．Polyphenols are important elements good for health.
D．Green tea can be used to treat heart disease and cancer.
12．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To persuade people to drink more tea.
B．To inform the benefits of drinking tea.
C．To explain why drinking tea is popular.
D．Tostress the advantages of green tea.

（2022秋·贵州遵义·高三校联考一模）Print newspapers dominated the early 1900s, but in November 1922, the dawn of radio news arrived when the BBC launched its first daily radio service. It marketed itself as news by and for social elites (精英), and broadcasters were required to use “received pronunciation”. News shifted to television broadcasting in the 1950s.
The creation of the WorldWideWeb in the 1990s changed things again. The internet has become a key site for sharing information, and news is more accessible than it has ever been before. Crises can be reported from on the ground by people who directly understand them. Stories can be shared with the click of a button which can be dangerous. In the time it takes for a story to move from a news site to Facebook to your WhatsApp group chat, context lost and facts go unchecked.
In 2016, we witnessed a BBC watershed moment for the news landscape. Negative coverage was the order of the day in the general election. Clinton was criticized for everything from her speaking style to her use of emails. As Clinton was being attacked in the press, Donald Trump was attacking the press, claiming that it is was trying to “influence” the election in her favor. The news is not about what’s ordinary or expected, but what’s new and different, better yet when filled with anger and conflict. Following the election troubled by dishonesty and misinformation spread largely on social media, Oxford Dictionaries announced “post-truth” as its international word of the year. Frequency of the word’s usage rose by 2,000 percent that year.
With so much information at our fingertips, the massive volume news can be ovenwhelming. Couple this with the increasing uncertainty about what is true and what is not, it is perhaps no wonder that recent years have seen the birth of the “slow journalism” movement. First coined in 2007 by Susan Greenberg, it invites us to slow down and really pay attention to what’s happening around us.
13．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The target audience of BBC, B．The key to News’ development.
C．The transformation in news reporting. D．The qualifications of BBC’s reporters.
14．What can we learn about the creation of WorldWideWeb?
A．It marks what good news is about.
B．It provides people with the best choice.
C．It fails to satisfy people’s sharing demand.
D．It contributes much to ungoverned information.
15．What can be inferred from Paragraph3?
A．BBC news gained wide popularity.
B．Negative news sells and travels wide.
C．Facts are more influential than emotion appeals.
D．More supervision should be added in the election.
16．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．Negative news also bears value just as the positive news.
B．Great importance should be attached to news’ truthfulness.
C．The information on social media is uncertain and unreliable.
D．People are overwhelmed with massive volume news nowadays.

（2022秋·四川成都·高三石室中学校考一模）Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).
There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers say that about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, and out-of-control consumerism.
We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.
In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.
Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.
The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because of our binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities.
When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to make the idea clear that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and ready to help others.
It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths.
17．Why are teenagers’ strengths often considered as narcissism according to Paragraph 5?
A．There is a lack of narcissism in our common sense.
B．The general public has less access to strengths psychology.
C．Many people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors.
D．Academic journals report more on narcissism.
18．Which of the following opinions may the writer agree with?
A．To say all kids are potential narcissists is overstating (夸大) the case.
B．It’s unhelpful for us to make our children feel good about themselves.
C．Strength-based parenting leads to narcissism.
D．Children who know their strengths tend to be more selfish and uncaring.
19．What’s the author’s attitude towards young kids’ strength-based approaches?
A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful.
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Teens’ Psychology Research B．Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis
C．Teens’ Strength-based Approach D．Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood

（2022秋·四川·高三树德中学校考一模）Smartphones are our constant companions. For many of us, their glowing screens are a common presence, drawing us in with endless distractions. They are in our hands as soon as we wake, and command our attention until the final moments before we fall asleep.
Steve Jobs would not approve.
In 2007, Jobs took the stage and introduced the world to the iPhone. If you watch the full speech, you will be surprised by how he imagined our relationship should be with this iconic invention. This vision is so different from the way most of us use these devices now.
In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added. Both lines drew thunderous applause.
The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, there was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. Jobs was convinced that the phone’s carefully-designed native features were enough. He did not seek to completely change the rhythm of users’ daily lives. He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better.
The minimalist (简约主义者) vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today — and that is a shame.
Under what I call the “constant companion model,” we now see our smartphones as always-on portal (通道) to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty (新奇) of the device. It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones.
Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. Otherwise, you simply put it away outside of these activities. This approach removes this gadget (小玩意) from the position of a constant companion down to a luxury object, such as a fancy bike that gives you great pleasure when you use it but does not dominate your entire day.
Early in his 2007 keynote Jobs said, “Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.” What he didn’t add, however, was the follow-up promise: “Tomorrow, we’re going to reinvent your life.” The smartphone is fantastic, but it was never meant to be the foundation for a new form of existence. If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life.
21．According to Steve Jobs, what was the main selling point of Apple’s first iPhone?
A．It allowed its users to have access to the Internet.
B．It was actually an iPod that could make phone calls.
C．It was installed with applications by third-party developers.
D．It could fulfill people’s desire to multitask in their daily lives.
22．According to the article, a minimalist smartphone user is likely to ________.
A．expect to reinvent his life with the device
B．buy the latest model of iPhone and see it as a luxury
C．spend more time working than playing with his device
D．remove the unnecessary applications from the device
23．The underlined word “it” in the 7th paragraph probably refers to ________.
A．the native features of smartphones B．the information on the Internet
C．the novelty of the device D．the constant companion model
24．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The minimalism of iPhone helps users bring out the best of the device.
B．Jobs expected iPhone to be the foundation for a new form of existence.
C．Smartphone users have changed their life to enjoy pleasant experiences.
D．The invention of App Store has made smartphones luxury objects.

（2022秋·内蒙古包头·高三统考一模）By age 12, Gavin Svenson had a strong interest in insects. He couldn’t get enough of digging for them, watching them, and collecting them. He remembers that his parents patiently indulged (纵容) his passion for insects even as he stored them in the fridge of their home.
Around that age, Svenson saw an interview with an insectologist on TV and thought,“Whoa! You can do this as a job?” Clearly, yes, which explains how he ended up as the curator (馆长) at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.
Deep interests that present at an early age often stay with us throughout life, says Susan Newman, a social psychologist.
So how do you help your teenager find their passion? Parents can be patient and supportive without overdoing it. Svenson feels his parents found the night balance. “My parents were super supportive, but it was mostly me driving it,” says Svenson. Though his parents had some worries about his narrow choice of a career path, they never tried to force him to change it.
Teens are likely to try lots of new activities and may drop them almost as quickly as they pick them up. So how can parents know when it’s a true passion and when not? Newman describes a passion as “an interest or activity that you can’t get enough of; it keeps you coming back for more.” Newman says, “As a parent, you’ll notice that you can’t get their attention because they are totally absorbed.”
But what if the passion that’s absorbing your child is not the one you would have picked for them? “Parents have to realize that their children are separate human beings with interests, likes, and dislikes hat can be very different from their own,” says Newman. “You have to let your teen take the lead in what interests them.”
Now a parent himself, Svenson concurs. “Never lower your kids’ interests. Kids are smart, and they have a great ability to form their own opinion.”
25．Why did Svenson store insects in the fridge of his home?
A．To cook them. B．To study them.
C．To follow an expert’s advice. D．To play a joke on his parents.
26．What does Svenson think of his parents?
A．They are on his side.
B．They are single-minded.
C．They should not change his life.
D．They should not worry about him.
27．What advice might Newman give parents?
A．To let their kids find their own interest.
B．To develop the same interest as their kids.
C．To pick a long term interest for their kids.
D．To help their kids stick with their interest.
28．What might the underlined word “concurs” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Feels surprised. B．Refuses all help.
C．Makes promises. D．Expresses agreement.

（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考模拟预测）A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.
Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.
Over the family dinner table, the most common argument is increasingly about use of mobile phones. Three-quarters of parents say it is hard to control their children’s use of their digital devices and two-thirds say the topic is a source of conflict in the home. Teachers are saying the same things about behaviour in classrooms.
While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges, some experts warn parents against demonizing smartphones or social media.
The more extreme fears about the impact of the digital world on the current generation of children will likely sound as outdated in a few decades as when their great-grandparents inveighed against the evils of television or rock’n’ roll music.
Many previously sceptical parents have seen the positive human value of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic because it allowed their children to connect with friends and family through lockdowns and social distancing. Children could keep up their education remotely.
Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.
Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.
It is not possible to turn back time and stop children using their devices. Parents and teachers must help children get the best out of them.
29．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about digital devices?
A．Their target users B．Their wide popularity.
C．Their major functions. D．Their potential harm.
30．What effect would digital devices have on children?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
31．What does the underlined word “demonizing” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Criticizing casually. B．Controlling completely.
C．Denying totally D．Ignoring purposefully.
32．What’s the author’s attitude to digital devices?
A．Objective. B．Critical.
C．Favorable. D．Intolerant

（2023秋·宁夏吴忠·高三青铜峡市高级中学校考一模）If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh­ohs. The 21st century.
That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. Maybe good­looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation?
Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They think of you as the “face­down generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder how you will deal with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in real life — or “IRL”, as you would say?
Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (宠坏的) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extra­curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the face­down generation need a heads­up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be enthusiastic (热情的) and willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’rights to go to school.
So if you’re one of the oh­ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face­down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).
33．What can we learn about the oh­ohs ?
A．They are addicted to screens.
B．They are always in bad mood.
C．They were born before the 2000s.
D．They are busy with their texts.
34．Which of the following is true about “helicopter parents”?
A．They travel by air all year round.
B．They instruct everything for their children.
C．They depend on their teenagers.
D．They avoid challenges of adult life.
35．What qualities does the oh­ohs have in para 5 ?
A．Proud. B．Awkward. C．Passionate. D．Peaceful.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Face­down Generation
B．Promising Generation
C．Struggling Teenagers
D．Generation Under Control

（2022秋·宁夏吴忠·高三盐池高级中学校考一模）It is easy to get carried away in an argument.
While having a rational conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seem like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person with empathy.
The Empathy Challenge is an exercise created by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chance teaches a course called “Mastering Influence and Persuasion” where students learn to communicate more effectively.
In her blog, Chance explains that it’s important to listen to people who disagree with you. “As they explain their position, you listen for their underlying values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That’s it.”
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn’t understand why many people chose to vote for Donald Trump, she found three Trump’s voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions, Chance was able to empathize with them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew, explained that he supported Trump because Trump’s daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant passionate about freedom. The third was a lawyer who believed that authenticity (真诚) was important in political leaders.
Although Chance and Chose people had different political beliefs, they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that’s the point of the exercise-to understand others as fellow human beings.
37．Which of the following does the Empathy Challenge faces on?
A．Leadership skills. B．Public speaking skills.
C．Communication skills. D．Problem solving skills.
38．What does Chance suggest people do when handling a disagreement?
A．Defend their position. B．Find common ground.
C．Reflect on their own values. D．Meet the needs of others.
39．What drove the three men to vote for Donald Tramp?
A．Their life values. B．Their career history.
C．Their family background. D．Their childhood experience.
40．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Respect different perspectives B．Zoe Chance’s empathy
C．Vote for Trump D．Chancels challenge


参考答案：
1．D    2．C    3．B    4．A
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了大学生运动员是否应该得到报酬的问题。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Despite the popularity of their output, college athletes receive no salary. The National College Athletic Association(NCAA), which governs college sports, has long forbidden its players to receive any reward. (尽管他们的作品很受欢迎，但大学运动员没有薪水。管理大学体育的美国大学体育协会(NCAA)长期以来一直禁止其球员获得任何报酬。)”可知，划线部分“The ordinance”与本句内容有直接对应关系，定冠词the指代前文美国大学体育协会的禁止球员获得报酬的制度。因此划线单词“ordinance”意为“条例、规章”对应rule的意思。。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Senator Bernie Sanders put it plainly on Twitter:“College athletes are workers. Pay them.”(参议员伯尼·桑德斯在推特上说得很清楚：“大学运动员是工人。付给他们。”)”可知，他认为大学生运动员应该得到报酬。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the NCAA’s objections may have been reasonable at some point, they make little sense today. (尽管NCAA的反对在某种程度上可能是有道理的，但在今天看来，它们已经没有什么意义了)”以及之后的句子 “The two most profitable college sports, American football and basketball, are highly competitive. Many universities are willing to make every effort to admit talented players. (两个最赚钱的大学运动，美式橄榄球和篮球，竞争非常激烈。许多大学都愿意竭尽全力招收有才华的球员)”可知，作者认为NCAA的做法将是徒劳的。故选B项。
4．标题归纳题。第一段从美国的大学生橄榄球比赛引入第二段本文讨论的话题，college athletes receive no salary，之后分别从NCAA、相关法案的通过以及人物观点等方面对其展开讨论。因此A项概括了本文大意“大学生运动员因该得到报酬”。故选A项。
5．C    6．B    7．A    8．D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了获得艺术高级学位是否值得花费大量的金钱这一问题。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, when they graduated, they were deep in debt and did not think they would find work that would let them pay back their loans.”(然而，当他们毕业时，他们负债累累，并不认为他们会找到可以让他们偿还贷款的工作。)可知，在著名的大学获取艺术高级学位的学生的问题是他们可能会负债累累。C项“They may be heavily in debt.”(他们可能负债累累。)符合原文表述，故选C项。
6．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Charging people a ton of money to go into any artistic career is often super problematic,” he said.” (“向人们收取大量金钱以进入任何艺术职业通常是非常成问题的，”他说。)可知，Kevin Carey认为收取大量的钱是有问题的，因此推测划线部分可能是“骗局”的意思。B项“Trick.”(诡计。)符合猜测，故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“I do think it was worth it. I don’t put a price tag on my education or my experience. I think it’s sort of unfortunate that so many people take education for granted. Castillo said students who are thinking about an advanced degree in art should be sure they are doing it because they value the education, not because they want money or to be famous.”(“我确实认为这是值得的。我不会为我的教育或经验贴上价格标签。我认为这么多人认为教育是理所当然的，这有点不幸。”卡斯蒂略说，正在考虑攻读艺术高级学位的学生应该确保他们这样做是因为他们重视教育，而不是因为他们想要钱或出名。)可推断，Castillo认为MFA是值得的，对其的评价不错。A项“He thinks highly of it.”(他对此评价很高。)符合推断，故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For school to be of value, students need to remember why they started making art in the beginning. It’s just for the pure pleasure of creating and fulfilling myself this way.”(为了让学业有价值，学生需要记住他们一开始为什么开始创作艺术。以这种方式只是为了创造和充实自己的纯粹乐趣。)可以推断出，学生在学习时要不忘初心。D项“Students should stick to their original purposes while learning.”(学生在学习的过程中要坚持自己的初衷。)符合推断，故选D项。
9．D    10．A    11．C    12．B

【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要讲述了喝茶有助于身体健康的观点。
9．词义猜测题。根据第一段“a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury. ”（一种由于感染或受伤，身体的某一部分变得发红、疼痛和肿胀的情况。）可知，划线词指的是一种因感染或受伤而产生的症状。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“They examined data gathered about the tea drinking behavior of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years. ”（他们检测了近50万名英国成年人长达14年的饮茶行为数据。）可知，美国国家癌症研究所是通过检测喝茶者的数据来进行研究的。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Experts say polyphenols are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been linked to tea, especially green tea.”（专家说人们认为茶、尤其是绿茶对健康的益处是由多酚类物质带来的）可知，多酚是有利健康的重要成分。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“ But new research suggests tea might help those who drink it live longer than those who do not.”（但新的研究表明，喝茶的人可能比不喝茶的人更长寿）并结合全文可知，文章主要是要表述喝茶对身体有益的观点。故选B。
13．C    14．D    15．B    16．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了新闻的发展历程，以及后续出现了新闻失真的情况，呼吁重视新闻的真实性。
13．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的第一句 “Print newspapers dominated the early 1900s, but in November 1922, the dawn of radio news arrived when the BBC launched its first daily radio service.（印刷报纸在20世纪初占据主导地位，但在1922年11月，广播新闻的曙光到来，英国广播公司推出了第一个每日广播服务。）”以及最后一句“News shifted to television broadcasting in the 1950s.（新闻在20世纪50年代转向电视广播。）”可知，第一段主要讲述了新闻形式的发展史。故选择C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The internet has become a key site for sharing information, and news is more accessible than it has ever been before. Crises can be reported from on the ground by people who directly understand them. Stories can be shared with the click of a button which can be dangerous.（互联网已成为信息共享的关键网站，新闻比以往任何时候都更容易获取。直接了解危机的人可以在实地报告危机。只需点击一个按钮就可以分享故事，这可能很危险。）”可知，互联网的出现让人们有了机会随时随地从各种应用软件上去上传新闻，但是却存在的问题，信息未经核实，没有正规监管，内容真假难辨。故选择D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The news is not about what’s ordinary or expected, but what’s new and different, better yet when laced with anger and conflict. Following the election troubled by dishonesty and misinformation spread largely on social media, Oxford Dictionaries announced “post-truth” as its international word of the year.（新闻不是关于什么是普通的或预期的，而是什么是新鲜的和与众不同的，当充满愤怒和冲突时更好。选举后，由于不诚实和错误信息在社交媒体上大量传播，牛津词典宣布“后真相”为年度国际词汇。）”此句可知，新闻媒体的报道以逐渐失真，并偏向于如何勾人眼球，如何抓住读者的心理。故选择B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With so much information at our fingertips, the massive volume news can be overwhelming. Couple this with the increasing uncertainty about what is true and what is not, it is perhaps no wonder that recent years have seen the birth of the “slow journalism” movement.（在我们指尖上有这么多信息的情况下，大量的新闻可能会让人不知所措。再加上关于什么是真实的、什么不是真实的越来越不确定，近年来“慢新闻”运动的诞生也许就不足为奇了。）”以及最后一句 “it invites us to slow down and really pay attention to what’s happening around us（它让我们放慢脚步，真正关注周围发生的事情）” 可知, 作者呼吁新闻报道要重视真实性、质量和语境，而不仅仅是快速和优先。故选择B项.
17．B    18．A    19．A    20．D

【导语】本文为一篇议论文，文章介绍了青少年的自信被误解这一现象以及其产生原因。文章主要论述了一直以来，人们对个人长处和自恋两者之间认识不足导致了对青少年的自信产生误解这一观点。作者认为，以突出孩子们长处为基础的教育方式是有益的。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.(在看待自我优点上，真正的自信被当作自负；适当的自我了解被当作过度自恋。)”以及第五段中的“Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life.(为什么会发生这种情况？部分原因是人们对自恋的了解多于对优势的了解。尽管优势心理学在很大程度上还停留在学术期刊的范围内，但关于自恋的研究已经进入了大众媒体和我们的日常生活。)”可知，青少年因优势产生的自信常常被误认为是自恋，是因为大众对自恋很熟悉，而对优势心理学接触较少、相对陌生。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.(我们对这一现象表示担忧并没有错，但如果我们担心所有的孩子都是潜在的自恋者则会适得其反，使得那些试图让孩子们和青少年自我感觉良好的方法失效。)”以及最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths.(人们很容易得出结论：所有年轻人都有自恋的风险，但我愿意为与我共事过的成千上万体贴、周到、谦逊的孩子们说话——即使是在他们发挥自身优势时。)”可推知，作者认为不是所有孩子都是潜在的自恋者，这样的说法过于夸大事实。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据第四段“In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism.”（在我自己对基于优势的育儿方式的研究中，人们普遍错误地认为这种方式是自恋的原因）根据最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths.(人们很容易得出结论：所有年轻人都有自恋的风险，但我愿意为与我共事过的成千上万体贴、周到、谦逊的孩子们说话——即使是在他们发挥自身优势时。)”可推知，作者很赞成基于优势的育儿方法。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky and misunderstood, overlap(重叠)between strength-based science and the research on narcissism。(心理科学充满了有趣的话题，其中有许多连贯一致将人类天性勾画出来，但也有一些则似乎自相矛盾。其中一例就是基于优点的心理科学与自恋研究的交叉部分，十分棘手而且存在误解。)”以及文中对青少年的自信被误解这一现象及原因的详细阐述可知，文章主要介绍了青少年的自信被误解这一现象以及产生的原因。再结合最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths. (人们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我共事过的成千上万的年轻人说话，他们关心他人、有思想、谦逊——即使是在他们发挥自身优势时。)”可知，D选项“Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood(被误解的青少年的自信)”能够概括全文，适合作本文标题。故选D。
21．B    22．D    23．D    24．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了一个观点：手机主宰了我们的生活，而这不是乔布斯想看到的。
21．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In his remarks, Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. “It’s the best iPod we’ve ever made,” Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,” he later added.(在他的讲话中，乔布斯花了很长时间演示用户如何使用触摸屏，然后详细介绍了苹果工程师改进古老的通话流程的许多方法。‘这是我们制作过的最好的iPod，’乔布斯一度惊呼道。‘杀手级应用正在打电话，’他后来补充道)”可知，苹果第一部iPhone的主要卖点是它实际上是一个可以打电话的iPod。故选B项。
22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you.(实际上，成为一名极简主义智能手机用户意味着，你要把这个设备用于少量你所珍视的事情)”推知，极简主义的智能手机用户倾向于删除设备上所有不必要的应用程序。故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“This approach removes this gadget (小玩意) from the position of a constant companion down to a luxury object, such as a fancy bike that gives you great pleasure when you use it but does not dominate your entire day.(这种方法把这个设备从一个忠实伴侣的位置降级为一个奢侈品，比如一辆别致的自行车，当你使用它的时候会给你很大的乐趣，但不会支配你的一整天)可知，it指代上文提到的“忠实伴侣模式”。故选D项。
24．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important — listening to music, placing calls, generating directions — and make them better. (他只是想利用我们已经发现的重要经验——听音乐、打电话、指路——并使之更好)”，第七段中的“It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones.(我似乎越来越清楚，乔布斯可能从一开始就做到了：我们中的许多人最好还是回到他最初对手机的极简主义设想)”和最后一段中的“If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life.(如果你将这项创新（智能手机）回归到原来的角色，你将从你的手机和生活中获得更多)”可知，作者赞成乔布斯利用最少功能、发挥设备最大价值的极简主义智能手机，认为如果智能手机回归到极简模式，用户能从手机和生活中获得更多。由此推知，iPhone的极简主义帮助用户发挥设备的最佳性能。故选A项。
25．B    26．A    27．A    28．D

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是父母如何帮助自己的孩子找到他们对某种事物的热情。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段的“By age 12, Gavin Svenson had a strong interest in insects. He couldn’t get enough of digging for them, watching them, and collecting them. He remembers that his parents patiently indulged his passion for insects even as he stored them in the fridge of their home.(12岁时，加文·斯文森对昆虫产生了浓厚的兴趣。他总是不停地挖掘、观察和收集它们。他记得，他的父母耐心地纵容他对昆虫的热爱，甚至在他把昆虫储藏在家里的冰箱里的时候。)”可知，Svenson把昆虫放在家里的冰箱里是为了对其进行深入研究。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段的“He remembers that his parents patiently indulged his passion for insects even as he stored them in the fridge of their home.(他记得，他的父母耐心地纵容他对昆虫的热爱，甚至在他把昆虫储藏在家里的冰箱里的时候。)”可知，Svenson认为他的父母是支持他的，也就是站在他那一边，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的““Parents have to realize that their children are separate human beings with interests, likes, and dislikes hat can be very different from their own,” says Newman. “You have to let your teen take the lead in what interests them.”(纽曼说:“父母必须意识到他们的孩子是不同的人，他们的兴趣、喜好和厌恶可能与他们自己截然不同。”“你必须让你的孩子在他们感兴趣的事情上起主导作用。”)”可知，纽曼会给父母们的建议是让孩子找到自己的兴趣所在。故选A。
28．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“You have to let your teen take the lead in what interests them.(你必须让你的孩子在他们感兴趣的事情上起主导作用。)”和最后一段的“Kids are smart, and they have a great ability to form their own opinion.(孩子们很聪明，他们很有能力形成自己的观点。)”可知，现在作为家长的Svenson和上文Newman的看法是一致的，因此划线词concurs的意思是“表示同意”，即Expresses agreement，故选D。
29．D    30．B    31．C    32．A

【分析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响，作者认为电子设备有积极的方面，不能完全否定，应该采取积极态度接受，并指导孩子们利用它。
29．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.( 家长们担心，盯着屏幕会妨碍孩子做其他活动，比如锻炼身体、在户外玩耍、有创造力或与朋友或家人联系的空闲时间。许多人担心网络欺凌的危险，以及社交媒体对孩子身心健康的影响。)”可推断，本段主要讲述数码设备的危害。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.(新南威尔士大学冈斯基教育学院(UNSW Gonski Institute of Education)进行的一项关于父母态度的新研究——“数字化成长”(Growing up Digital)发现，83%的看护者、父母和祖父母认为他们的孩子被电子设备消极地分散了注意力。)”可知，数码设备扰乱孩子们的注意力。故选B项。
31．词义猜测题。While引导让步状语从句，上下文是转折关系，根据“While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges(尽管数字世界并非没有危险和挑战)”可推断，数字世界虽然有一些危险和挑战，但是一些专家警告家长们不要妖魔化智能手机或社交媒体，故划线词与“Denying totally(完全否定)”意思相近。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.( 父母们不应该抱怨数字世界，而应该想办法帮助孩子们充分利用电子设备。)”以及倒数第二段的“Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.(父母应该告诉孩子如何更有效、更安全地使用电子设备。他们应该接受，网络世界可以是创造性的，也是灵感和关系的源泉。他们应该给孩子们积极的理由来限制他们的使用，而不是简单地告诉他们把手机收起来。)”可推断，作者对于电子设备的态度是客观的。故选A项。
33．A    34．B    35．C    36．A

【导读】本文是一片议论文。文章作者提出不同人对于当下“脸朝下的”一代人的看法，有认为好的一面也有认为不好的一面，但总的来说作者认为这一代人还是对未来充满希望的。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh­ohs. (如果你正在读这篇文章，你可能出生在2000后，俗称零零后)”第二段“ But what do other people think about your generation?(但是其他人是怎么看待你们这一代的呢？)”第三段“Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you.(有些成年人担心你对面前的屏幕比对周围的世界更感兴趣。)”可知，在很多人眼中零零后喜欢电子产品，对网络世界感兴趣。故选A项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extra­curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. (很多90后和00后都是由“直升机父母”抚养长大的。他们总是在那里指导和帮助他们，在繁忙的日程安排中完成家庭作业和课外活动，如舞蹈、绘画或运动。)”可知，“直升机父母”在孩子的成长过程中喜欢指导一切。故选B项。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“They also seem to be enthusiastic(热情的)  and willing to become leaders.  More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. (他们似乎也很热情，愿意成为领导者。比以往任何时候都多的年轻人自愿帮助他们的社区。)”可知，现在“脸朝下的一代”其实对现实生活充满热情，并且愿意承担社会责任。A. Proud自豪的；B. Awkward令人尴尬的；C. Passionate热情的；D. Peaceful和平的。故选C项。
36．主旨大意题。根据首段“If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh­ohs. (如果你正在读这篇文章，你可能出生在2000后，俗称零零后)”和末段“So if you’re one of the oh­ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face­down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).(所以如果你是其中之一，你有理由对未来充满希望。对于“脸朝下的一代”来说，情况正在好转。很有可能你会做到GR8(很棒)和LOL(大声笑)。)”可知，全文都描述“脸朝下一代”在大家眼中的样子，以及他们成长经历和在现实生活中的表现。故选A项。
37．C    38．B    39．A    40．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然与持不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。一种方法是用同理心接近对方，即尊重不同的观点或立场。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Empathy Challenge is an exercise created by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chance teaches a course called “Mastering Influence and Persuasion” where students learn to communicate more effectively.(Empathy Challenge是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师Zoe Chance发起的一项练习。在耶鲁大学，Chance教授一门名为“掌握影响力和说服”的课程，让学生学习如何更有效地沟通)”可知，the Empathy Challenge面对的是沟通技巧。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段“As they explain their position, you listen for their underlying values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That’s it.(当他们解释自己的立场时，你要倾听他们潜在的价值观。最后，当你反映这些价值观时，你要寻找共同点。就是这样)”可知，Chance建议人们在处理分歧时找到共同点。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One man, an Orthodox Jew, explained that he supported Trump because Trump’s daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant passionate about freedom. The third was a lawyer who believed that authenticity(真诚) was important in political leaders.(一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持Trump是因为Trump的女儿和女婿是犹太人。下一个人是一个热爱自由的俄罗斯移民。第三位是一位律师，他认为真实对政治领导人来说很重要)”以及最后一段“Although Chance and Chose people had different political beliefs, they were able to relate to the life values of others.(虽然Chance和Chose的政治信仰不同，但他们都能认同他人的人生价值观)”可推知，三个人投票给Donald Trump是因为他们的人生价值观。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“While having a rational conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seem like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person with empathy.(虽然与持不同意见的人进行理性的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。一种方法是带着同理心接近对方)”可知，本文主要讲述了我们应该尊重不同的观点。由此可知，A选项“Respect different perspectives(尊重不同的观点)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。