高中英语高考M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(学案)

这是一份高中英语高考M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(学案)，共12页。学案主要包含了重点词汇，经典句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。

M5 Unit 3 Science and nature(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)
单元知识清单(词汇、短语和句型)
项目
单词(包括词性变化——语法填空必备)
重点单词
accurate adj.准确的，精确的(副词+ly)→accuracy n.准确性
actual adj.真实的，实际的→actually adv.真实地，实际地
adopt v.收养，领养，采纳，采用→adopted adj.被收养的，被采用的→adoption n.收养，采取
→adoptive adj.有收养关系的
agriculture n.农业→agricultural adj.农业的
anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.焦虑的，渴望的(副词+ly)
brief adj.短暂的，简洁的→briefly adv.短暂地，简洁地
conduct v.实施，指挥乐队→conductor n.售票员，(电)导体，(乐队)指挥
confirm v.证实，证明，确认，使确信→confirmed adj.已被确定的，已被证实的，根深蒂固的
→confirmation n.确定，确证，确认书，证明书
consequence n.结果，后果，重要性，重大意义→consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的
→consequently adv.因此，结果，必然地
consideration n.仔细考虑，必须考虑的因素，体谅，顾及→consider v.考虑，认为
→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的(副词+ly)
→considerable adj.相当大的(副词considerably)
crime n.罪，罪行→criminal n.罪犯，犯人 adj.犯罪的，刑事的，可耻的
exact adj.精确的，准确的→exactly adv.精确地，准确地
frighten v.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的
→fright n.恐怖，惊吓
harvest v.收割(庄稼)n.收获，收成→harvester n.收割机，收割庄稼的人
hunger n.饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的
insert v.插入，嵌入→insertion n.插入(物)
intention n.意图，打算→intend v.打算→intentional adj.有意的→intentionally adv.有意地
judgment n.判断力，看法，评价，(法律)判决→judge v.判断
legal adj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal(反义词)不合法的，非法的，违法的
nutrition n.营养→nutritional adj.(食物中)营养的，营养成分的→nutritionally adv.有营养地
original adj.原来的，起初的，首创的，非复制的(副词+ly)→origin n.起源，出身，来历
→originate v.起源，发源，发端于
permission n.准许，许可，批准→permit v.允许 n.许可证
profession n.职业，行业→professional adj.职业的，专业的
profit n.利润，收益 v.获益，对……有用
→profitable adj.有利可图的，赢利的，有益的，有利润的，有好处的
relation n.关系，亲戚→relate adj.使……有联系，与……有某种联系
→related adj.相关的；有联系的
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的→reliability n.可靠性→rely v.依靠，依赖
summary n.总结，概括，概要→summarize v.总结，概括
tasty adj.美味的，可口的→taste v.品尝
transform vt.使改观，使变形→transformation n.变化，转换，转换，变换
modify v.调整，修改，修饰
breakthrough n.突破 catastrophe n.灾难，灾祸 channel n.频道，渠道，航道 concept n.概念，观念
income n.收入，收益 majority n.多数，大多数
ordinary adj.普通的，一般的 physician n.医师，内科医生
real-life adj.真实的，现实生活中的
识记单词
chain n.一系列，一连串(人或事) cell n.细胞，小隔间，电池
clone vt.克隆 n.克隆出来的动物或植物 acre n.英亩
fellow n.家伙，同事，同伴，男子 goat n.山羊
pest n.害虫 radiation n.辐射，放射线
rainforest n.雨林 saleswoman n.女售货员，女推销员
重点短语
be limited to局限于 be/get burnt out耗尽体力，累垮
comment on对……作出评论 compared with与……相比较
concentrate on集中精力于，全神贯注于 deal with处理，对付
follow in one’s footsteps效仿某人 meet one’s needs/demand满足某人的需求
open up打开，开发 point out指出
push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进 put...in place准备就绪，布置妥当
show respect for/to对……表示敬意/尊重 take...into consideration认真考虑
toy with戏弄，摆弄，把……当作儿戏
as to至于，关于 for sale供出售，待销售
in agreement with同意，与……一致 in favour of赞同，支持
in summary总之，总的来说
on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……
on a personal note就我个人而言 point of view观点
rather than而不是
with the intention of/to do sth.带着……(做某事的)目的
经典句型
1.as well as句型
【教材原句】In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment.(P42)在中国，科学家们除了致力于用于医疗方面的器官的克隆还致力于动物的克隆。
2.“主语+be+形容词+(for sb.)+不定式”句型
【教材原句】Therefore, we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.(P57)
所以，我们不能确定从克隆动物身上得来的食物人吃起来是否真的安全。
3.否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用
【教材原句】Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified food.(P59)转基因食品就是最好的例子。
词汇句型精讲
一、重点词汇
重点词汇-1. intention
【原句呈现】①Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans.
②However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying
them shows no respect for human life.
【知识要点】
①intention n.意图，目的，企图，打算→intentional adj.故意的，有意的，存心的
→intentionally adv.故意地，有意地，存心地
→intend v.打算，打算供……使用，打算使……成为想要，企图
②相关短语：
by intention故意地，刻意地
with the intention of打算……，以……为目的 without intention无意地，不是故意地
have no intention of doing sth.无意做某事
intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
intend sth. for sb.为某人准备某物
had intended/planned to sth.本打算做某事(却没有做)
be intended for sth./to do sth.为……(专门)准备的/设计的，旨在做某事
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·江苏高三月考)We haven’t found any evidence of his systematic attempt to ruin our reputation, but we still suspect he did it _________ .
②(百度翻译)This accident may have been caused by an _________ criminal act.
③(2021·全国高一课时练习)My mother _________ _________ hold a party for my father’s birthday.
④(2021·全国高一课时练习)But she is busy with work, so she _________ me _________ prepare for it.
⑤(2021·乌鲁木齐市第三中学高一期末)Don’t argue with your mother, Peter. The film is _________
_________ adults and you can’t see it.
⑥(汉英大词典)If I’ve hurt your feelings, it was quite _________ without _________.
⑦(2021·全国高一课时练习)Many college students went to the poor area, _________ the _________ of helping the needy there.
⑧(2020·内蒙古包头市北重三中高二期中)It’s a apparent that she _________ no _________ of changing her mind.
⑨(百度翻译)I am not a person pursuing position and wealth ________ _________.
⑩(2019·海南海口一中高二月考)The story book is ________ _________ children aged 4 to 7.
⑪(2021·山西高二期中)We ________ to arrive at our destination at 9 o’clock, but we didn’t because of the traffic jam.
重点词汇-2.anxiety
【原句呈现】Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a
41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby.
【知识要点】
①anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的，渴望的，非常希望的
→anxiously adv.忧虑地，不安地，焦虑地
②相关短语：the anxiety for sth/to do sth对……的渴望 to one’s anxiety使某人焦虑的是
with anxiety焦虑地 anxiety about对……的焦虑
be anxious about，为/对……而担心/焦虑
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·天津高三一模)Apart from ________, the novel coronavirus has also brought opportunities to some industries and changes to our lifestyles.
②(2019·全国高二课时练习)He was ________ ________ the coming exam, glancing at his watch
occasionally.
③(2021·全国高一课时练)While her mother was being operated on, she waited ________ outside.
④(2021·天津市静海区四校高一阶段检测)We had arranged to meet at the railway station but ________ our ________, she didn’t turn up.
⑤(海词词典)We waited with anxiety for our examination results.
⑥(2020·江苏高三三模)________ ________ social status leads to high levels of stress, which in turn leads to health problems.
重点词汇-3. adopt
【原句呈现】“I am anxious to have a child of my own,” she says. “I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I
had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.’ ”
【知识要点】
①adopt v.收养，领养，采纳，采用→adopted adj.被收养的，被采用的→adoption n.收养，采取
→adoptive adj.有收养关系的
②adopt one’s idea采纳某人的意见 adopt a new standard/measure采取新标准/措施
③adopt与adapt 是形似词容易混淆，adapt意为“适应，改编，改写”。
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(海词词典)He was cheated into believing that he was an ________ son.
②(2020·绥化市第一中学高一月考)The COVID-19 pandemic has basically changed consumer behaviour, making digital ________ adoption and transformation a necessity.
③(百度翻译)He was brought up by ________ parents in London.
④(2021·全国高一专题练习)This movie is said to be ________ from a novel by Jane Austen.
⑤(2020·石嘴山市三中高三月考)Finally, I ________ her idea that I should ________ myself to the new life here first.
重点词汇-4. consequence
【原句呈现】If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences.
【知识要点】
①consequence n.结果，后果，重要性，重大意义→consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的
→consequently adv.因此，结果，必然地
②相关短语：as a consequence=in consequence=as a result因此，结果
in consequence of=as a consequence of由于……的缘故，因而，因此
deal with/take/face/suffer the consequences处理/承担/承担后果/自食其果
of no/little consequence无足轻重的，不重要的
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2019·全国高二课时练)My car broke down and ________ I was late.
②(2021·全国高二课时练)This is an example of how the abuse of public trust in the media can have serious ________.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)They attach importance to things that are _________ no ________.
④(2021·黑龙江鹤岗一中高二课时练)As ________ ________ ________ all his hard training, Paul was able to take the lead in the race.
⑤(2020·黑龙江牡丹江一中高二月考)Allen was found guilty and lost his job ________ ________ ________ it.
⑥(2021·长春市榆树高级中学高一期中)He fell from the bike and broke his leg. ________ ________ ( ________ ), he will have to be away from school for two or three months.
重点词汇-5. transform
【原句呈现】On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life.(P43)
【知识要点】
①transform v.使改变外观或性质；使改变形态→transformation n.变化，改观，转变，改革
②相关短语：
transform...into...使……变成…… transform into转化成，改造为
transform ... from...into...把……从……变成……
其被动式为：be transformed from...into...由……变成……；由……迁到……
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2019·全国高二课时练习)He was struggling to make the ________ from a single man to a responsible husband.
②(2019·全国高二课时练习)With the desert ________ into the oasis, many people settled down there.
④(百度翻译)Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed ________ one form ________
another.
⑤(2019·全国高二课时练习)They have transformed themselves ________ permanent city settlers.
⑥(2020·江苏高三开学考试)“Made in China 2025” initiative aims to transform China ________ from a manufacturing giant ________ into a world manufacturing power, one driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity.
重点词汇-6. confirm
【原句呈现】Therefore, we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.
【知识要点】
①confirm v.证实，证明，确认，使确信→confirmed adj.已被确定的，已被证实的，根深蒂固的
→confirmation n.确定，确证，确认书，证明书
②相关短语与句型：confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事
confirm that/wh-clause确定，证实……
It has been confirmed that(从句)，已经确定/证实/证明……
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(海词词典)If you believe you really are symptomatic, see your physician for ________ of the diagnosis.
②(2020·全国高一开学考试)It is said that the number of ________ cases in Beijing has reached
over 300 during the past days.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)His support confirms _________ more _________ my belief to go abroad.
④(2021·重庆巴蜀中学高一月考)________ is/has been ________ ________ a new campus of Bashu Secondary School will be put into use next year.
⑤(2021·重庆巴蜀中学高一月考)Harry telephoned to the airport to confirm ________ Flight 24 for San Francisco is departing on time.
重点词汇-7. on the one hand
【原句呈现】On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives.
【知识要点】
相关短语：
on the one hand...on the other(hand)一方面……，另一方面……，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通
常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等。
for one thing...for another(thing)首先……，再者……，一方面……，另一方面……，陈述的两个方面
的情况常常一致。
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2019·全国高二课时练习)________ ________ ________ hand being exposed to advertisements can change people’s opinions.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)________ ________ ________ hand, we have to develop the
economy, but ________ ________ ________ (hand), we should be concerned about the environment.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The dress is unfit for you. ________ ________ ________, it is a bit too large for you; ________ ________( ________ ), the color doesn’t suit you.
重点词汇-8. push ahead with
【原句呈现】Some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
【知识要点】
相关短语：
push ahead with义无反顾地进行，(努力)推进/推动 push ahead奋勇前进
push back 把……向后推，把……推回原处
push through使……通过,使……得到批准，完成，穿过，挤过
push aside不考虑，不去想，避开，把……放到一边，排除
push sb./sth. over使某人/某物倒下或推翻 push sth. forward提出某事
push for推动，着力 push sb. into doing sth.怂恿某人做某事
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2020·江苏高二期末)China insists that the relevant sides sit down and exchange views with the intention of breaking the deadlock to push ________ ________ trade talks.
②(2020·江苏南京师大附中高二月考)I am ________ ________ on my way and I don’t want to be
interrupted by anything that stands in my path.
③(北京四中2018-2019学年下学期高二年级期中测试英语试卷)The doctor pushed ________ the crowd to get to the injured man.
④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)They are trying to push ________ all obstacles and difficulties to finish the task by the end of the end of the month.
⑤(2020·徐州高级中学高三一模)The government stared pushing ________ closure of orphanages,
preferring to place children in private homes, hopefully with relatives.
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)James did not push her ________ stealing the money.
⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)I’d like to push ________ my departure to the13th, if possible.
重点词汇-9. take ... into consideration
【原句呈现】In summary, I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into consideration, and end this practice immediately.
【知识要点】
①consideration n.仔细考虑，必须考虑的因素，体谅，顾及→consider v.考虑，认为
→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到
→considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的(considerately adv.)
→considerable adj.相当大的(considerably adv.)
②相关短语和句型：take... into consideration把……考虑在内(被动语态：be taken into consideration)
out of consideration for出于对……考虑
It is considerate of sb. to do sth.某人做某事很体贴
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)He treats everyone equally and ________.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)It’s hardly surprising that she’s angry, ________ what you said.
③(2021·天津耀华中学高三期末)China has been given ________ credit for fighting against Covid-19 with its careful organization and strict regulation around the globe.
④(2020-2021学年高中英语新教材同步备课)In contrast to her brother, she was always ________ in her treatment of others.
⑤(牛津高阶英汉双解词典)The need for sleep varies ________ from person to person.
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)You should turn your music down ________ of ________ for your neighbours.
⑦(2021·江苏高一期末)We’ll ________ your trouble/difficulty/difficulties ________ ________ when
allocating resources to communities.
⑧(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Everything ________ ________ ________, we wouldn’t have made this mistake.
⑨(百度翻译)________ is ________ ________ you not to sing while they sleep.
重点词汇-10. in favour of
【原句呈现】Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature? (P58)
【知识要点】
①favour v.& n.赞同，喜爱，偏爱，有利于，便于→favourable adj.赞同的，肯定的，给人好印象的
→favorite adj.& n.特别喜欢(爱)的(东西)
②in favour of 赞成赞同，支持，偏爱，青睐
③相关短语：
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮个忙
do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb.帮某人忙，给某人以恩惠
do sb. the favour to do sth./do sb.a favour to do sth.帮某人忙去做某事
owe sb. a favour欠某人一个人情 in sb.’s favour对某人有利，有助于某人
out of favour(with)失(去……的)宠，不得……的青睐/垂青，不再受(……的)欢迎
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2019·全国高一课时练)Ford made ________ comments on the talks held yesterday.
②(2021·全国高一课时练)Swimming is one of Mr Wang’s ________ hobbies in his spare time.
③(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高二月考)Opportunities and success tend to be in ________ ________ those who are ready.
④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)He is ________ ________ favour ________ the boss.
⑤(2019·全国高二课时练)I ________ him a favor.
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)He can count on this factor working ________ ________ favour.
⑦(2021·鸡东县第二中学高二课时练)Would you please ________ me the ________ to attend our party?
⑧(2021·牛津译林新版高一英语下学期期末专项复习)Could you ________ me a _______ by lending me the dress for this evening?
二、经典句型
1.as well as句型
【原句呈现】In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used
in medical treatment.
【知识要点】
①as well as意为：不但……而且，和……一样，和，也；由“as well as”连接的两个主语时的主谓一致问题以及as well 用于句末，表示“也”；
②may/might as well might as well不妨，最好是(表达提议或劝告)。
【完成句子】
①(2019·全国高一课时练习)老师和他的学生明天要去植树。
The teacher ____________________ going to plant trees tomorrow．
②(2021·全国高一课时练)但是曾经和顶级模特一起参加节目的萨拉，想要证明她不仅有美貌，而且有智慧。
But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains ______
_____________.
③(2019·全国高一课时练)既然有了机会，你不妨充分利用它。
Now that you’ve got a chance, you ________________ full use of it.
④(2020·福建厦门双十中学高二月考)经理兼总工程师对员工要求很严格，对自己的工作也很严格。
The manager and general engineer is very strict _______________________.
2.“主语+be+形容词+(for sb.)+不定式”句型
【原句呈现】Therefore, we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.
【知识要点】
①“主语＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋不定式”是常用句型。此种情况下，主语与不定式之间虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但是不定式一般不用被动形式而用主动形式。
②常用于这个句型的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, fit, pleasant, boring, interesting等。
③当不定式是不及物动词时，则需要根据动词和主语之间的逻辑关系加上适当的介词。
Hangzhou is comfortable for us humans to live in.=It is comfortable for us humans to live in Hangzhou.
杭州是我们人类居住的好地方。
【完成句子】
①(2019·全国高二课时练)这台机器操作起来很容易，任何人都能在几分钟之内学会使用。
This machine ________________________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)这个老板很难与之相处。
The boss ______________________.
3.否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用
【原句呈现】Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified food.
【知识要点】
①否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用可表示最高级含义：否定词+形容词(副词)比较级(+than)
②其他表示最高级的句型：
the+形容词(副词)最高级
比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
比较级+than+any of the other/all the other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+anyone else
否定词+so/as+形容词(副词)原级+as
【完成句子】
①(2021·明水县第一中学高一期末)作为一个热心的读者，我非常同意这句话的后半部分。
As an enthusiastic reader, I __________________ part of the sentence more.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)汤姆是我们班上最聪明的学生。
Tom is ________________________ in our class.
 _______________________ Tom in our class.