高中英语高考M5 Unit 2 The environment(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(学案)

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M5 Unit 2 The environment(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)
单元知识清单(词汇、短语和句型)
项目
单词(包括词性变化——语法填空必备)
重点单词
appreciate v.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n.欣赏；感激
arrival n.到来，抵达；到达者→arrive v.到达
conservation n.(对自然环境的)保护→conserve v.保护
consultant n.顾问→consult v.咨询，充当顾问，请教，翻阅，求教于
consume v.消耗，耗费，消费→consumption n.消费
belief n.看法，信念→believe v.相信
economic adj.经济的，经济上的(用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义)→economical adj.经济的，节约的，合算的(指与“节约”同义的“经济”，相当于not wasteful)→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家
electrical adj.电的，用电的(指关于电的知识或电的研究内容)
→electric adj.电的，电动的(指以电为动力进行工作的<装置>)
→electronic电子的→electricity n电
environmental adj.环境的(副词+ly)→environment n.环境
illegally adv.非法地→illegal adj.违法的，非法的→legal adj.(反义词)合法的
impress v.使印象深刻→impression n.印象→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的
measure n.措施，方法，尺度 v.测量，估量，判定→measurable adj.可度量的，明显的
→measured adj.慎重的，仔细斟酌的→measureless adj.无限的，无法度量的
→measurement n.测量，测定，测量尺寸
operate vt.& vi.经营，动手术→operation n.手术
production n.产量，生产→product n.产品→produce v.生产
→productive adj.(尤指)多产的，生产的，富有成效的，有效益的
responsibility n.责任，职责(pl: responsibilities)→responsible adj.负责任的(反义词：irresponsible)
→responsibly adv.负责任地(反义词：irresponsibly)
absorb vt.吸收，理解，使全神贯注 arrest vt.& n.逮捕
clap vt.& vi.鼓掌，抬手 conflict vi.冲突，抵触 n.冲突，矛盾
debate n.& vi.辩论，争论，讨论 decrease vt.& vi.减少 n.减少
drill vi.& vt.钻(孔) n.操练，训练 flood n.洪水，大量 vt.& vi.泛滥，大量涌入
flow vi.流，流动 n.流动，连贯 fuel n.燃料 vt.& vi.提供燃料
pump vt.& vi.用泵输送，涌出n.泵，气筒 queue vi.排队等候 n.队，行列
range n.范围 vi.(在一定范围内)变化 recycle vt.& vi.回收利用
businessman n.商界人员；企业家
credit n.赞扬，信用，学分 duty n.责任，义务，本分
goods n.商品，货品 greedy adj 贪婪的，贪心的(副词：greedily)
quantity n.数量 raw adj.原始的，未经加工或处理的
spokeswoman n.女发言人 tax n.税，税款
willing adj.愿意的，乐意的 madam n.女士，夫人
customs n.海关，关税 feather n.羽毛
climate n.气候 low-carbon adj.低碳的
decade n.十年 engine n.发动机，引擎
plant n.工厂，发电厂
识记单词
blanket n.毯子，厚的覆盖层 bush n.灌木
crop n.庄稼，农作物 fence n.栅栏，篱笆，围栏
oxygen n.氧气 petrol n.汽油
pipe n.管子，管道 seafood n.海味，海鲜
soil n.土壤 satellite n.人造卫星
typhoon n.台风 vehicle n.交通工具，车辆
重点短语
blame… on…将……归咎于…… cause/do damage to 对……造成危害
clean up打扫(或清除)干净 cut back on减少，削减，缩减
do one’s part尽自己的职责 open the floor自由发言
let off排放，释放，燃放 pick out找出，挑选
queue up 排队等候 result in导致
run out(run out of=use up)用完，耗尽 set up创建，建立，开办
take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事 think of /see/regard...as...把……看作……
at the same time同时 in particular尤其，特别
in/with regard to关于 last but not least最后但同样重要的
under way进行中
in use在使用中
经典句型
1.it+连系动词be+表语+that从句
【原句呈现】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our
environment.(P23)很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。
2….+of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句及其变形
【原句呈现】However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.(P23)然而，我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的产品，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应越来越紧张。
3.What if句型及其类似的句型
【原句呈现】What if they run out? (P25)如果它们用完了怎么办呢？
4.…doubt+从句
【原句呈现】There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.(P39)　　
毫无疑问，世界气候在近几年发生着变化。
5.“the more...the more...”句型
【原句呈现】Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.(P39)因此，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，燃放的碳就越多。
词汇句型精讲
一、重点词汇
重点词汇-1. debate
【原句呈现】Today’s debate question is, ‘The economy or the environment—must we choose?’
【知识要点】
①debate vi. & n.争论，辩论，讨论
②相关短语：
debate with sb. about sth.与某人就某事辩论 have debates/a debate进行讨论，辩论
under debate在辩论中，在讨论中 beyond debate无可争辩，毋庸置疑
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2020·黑龙江牡丹江一中专题练)The question whether college students should do part-time jobs is still ________ debate.
②(2021·江苏省江苏省石庄高级中学高二专题练)He said it was ________ debate that the climate has changed markedly over the last century.
③(2021·江苏省江苏省石庄高级中学高二专题练)Did I tell you my idea of challenging Griffith to debate ________ me in public ________ our two policies?
④(2021·全国高二课时练)They ________ long debates as to whether birds evolved from dinosaurs.
重点词汇-2. responsibility
【原句呈现】They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.
【知识要点】
①responsibility n.责任，职责(pl: responsibilities)→responsible adj.负责任的(反义词：irresponsible)
→responsibly adv.负责任地(反义词：irresponsibly)
②相关短语：
bear/take on the responsibility for应对……的责任，为……负责，对……负有责任
have the/(a)responsibility to do...有责任/有义务做……
shoulder one’s responsibility承担/肩负起责任
a sense of responsibility责任感
be responsible for应对……的责任，为……负责，对……负有责任(根据语境也可以译成：导致)
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021·天津南开中学高三二模)It is believed that children should learn to be ________ from the very beginning.
②(2021·广东执信中学高二课时练)The organization broke no rules, but neither had it acted ________.
③(2020·全国高一课时练习)It’s ________ great ________ and a great honour to be chosen to take part in the Olympics.
④(2020·广东高二月考)The ________ teacher is always scolding the child without reason.
⑤(2021·天津耀华中学高二期中)Although he had spent years apart from home and endured extreme
conditions, Deng Jiaxian refused to back down from his ________.
⑥(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高二月考)After years of research, scientists have identified the virus that is
________ ________ the disease.
⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Doctors and nurses take on the ________ ________ tending the
infected patients.
⑧Mr, Smith, manager of the department, decided to assign the important task to whoever ________ a
strong ________ of responsibility.
重点词汇-3. measure
【原句呈现】The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.
【知识要点】
①measure n.措施，方法，尺度 vt. 测量，估量，判定→measurable adj.可度量的，明显的，显著的
→measured adj.慎重的，仔细斟酌的→measureless adj.无限的，无法度量的
→measurement n.测量，测定，测量尺寸
②相关短语：take/adopt measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
make ...to one’s measure依照某人的尺寸定做……
beyond measure非常地，过度地，无法估量的
for good measure附加的，额外的
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·江西南昌二中高一月考)Last month, an earthquake ________ six on Richter scale(里氏震级)
happened in the northern part of Japan.
②(百度翻译)The quality objectives shall be ________ and consistent with the quality policy.
③(百度翻译)Her more ________ response will appeal to voters.
④(海词词典)They treasure their leisure with ________ pleasure.
⑤(汉英大词典)I want you to take my chest ________.
⑥(百度翻译)It seemed as if the suit was made ________ his own measure.
⑦(2019·全国高二课时练)In addition to dessert, they served fruit ________ good measure, making us
satisfied.
⑧(2020·江西南昌二中高二月考)Strict measures have to be ________ to protect adopted children from
family abuses.
⑨(百度翻译)The value of one’s health is _________ measure.
重点词汇-4. range
【原句呈现】Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
【知识要点】
①range vi. & n.范围，界限，(在一定范围内)变化，变动
②相关短语：range from…to …/range between…and…在……范围内变化/从……到/和……范围内变动
a range of一系列(a wide/full range of各种各样的)
beyond/out of one’s range超出了……某人能承受的范围
out of/beyond/outside the range of超出了……的范围
within/in the range of在……范围内
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2021·全国高三专题练)The supermarket keeps a wide range ________ goods.Their prices range
________ just only a few yuan ________ to several hundred yuan.
②(2021·江西南昌二中高二期末)—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
—No, it’s ________ of range.
③(2019·江苏省锡山高级中学高二月考)American will fulfill the commitments that we have made:
cutting our emission ________ ________ range ________ 17 percent by 2020.
重点词汇-5. appreciate
【原句呈现】The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.
【知识要点】
①appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏，感谢，领会→appreciation n.欣赏，感激
②相关搭配和句型：
appreciate doing sth.感谢做某事 appreciate(one’s)doing sth.感谢/赞赏(某人)做某事
express one’s appreciation for对……表示感谢/赞赏/欣赏
I would appreciate it if ...假如……我将不胜感激
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高二开学考试)In his letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my ________ made him confident again.
②(2020·浙江宁波市余姚中学高二月卡)________ by others is something that always makes people
happy.
③(2019·江苏省南菁高级中学高二月考)They all ________ ________ given the opportunity to go abroad for further study.
④(2020·江苏南通市高二期末)I would appreciate ________ ________ you could take my application into consideration.
⑤(2020·江苏淮阴中学高二月考)Attached to the gift was a note on which he ________ his ________ for our reception during his stay here.
重点词汇-6. particular
【原句呈现】In particular, metal products and paper products require s lot of energy to produce,...
【知识要点】
①particular adj.特殊的，特别的，挑剔→particularly adv.特殊地，特别地，挑剔地
②相关短语：be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究 in particular特别，尤其
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·全国高三专题练习)The restaurant is ________ popular with young people.
②(2021·长春市第二十九中学高一月考)The girl is very particular ________ her clothes.
③(2020·哈尔滨市·黑龙江实验中学高一期中)Parents ________ ________ should act as good examples for children.
重点词汇-7. absorb
【原句呈现】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.
【知识要点】
①absorb vt.吸收，理解，使全神贯注；
②相关短语：be absorbed in全神贯注于，沉浸于 be lost in全神贯注于，沉湎/沉浸于
be occupied in使忙于，使从事于 be addicted to沉迷于
be devoted to致力于，献身于，专注于
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2020·江苏仪征市第二中学高二月考)________ ________ her imagination, she failed to take notice of what the teacher said in class.
②(2021·天津一中高三月考)What makes us worried is that the number of students ________ to computer games is increasing.
③(2019·全国高二课时练习)Trade is picking up and we are ________ ________ trading with foreigners.
④(2021·外研版高二英语寒假作业)As he was so ________ to his work that he didn’t notice that it was already past midnight.
重点词汇-8. cut back on
【原句呈现】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
【知识要点】cut动词所构成的短语：
cut back on削减，缩减，减低 cut across抄近路通过，径直穿过
cut away切掉，砍掉 cut down削减，降低，砍倒，杀死，删节，胜过
cut in插嘴，超车，插入 cut off切/剪下，切断，中断，使死亡，剥夺继承权
cut out切/剪下，切割开来，切碎，删去，停止，关掉
注意：
cut away表示“切掉/去”时，着重指切掉/去一些东西，然后将其扔掉。
cut off表示“切/剪下”时，着重指从某一物的一端切去或剪去一部分；
cut out表示“切/剪下”时，着重指从报纸/杂志/纸张、人或动物身上选择一部分切/剪下；
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2021·牛津译林版高一英语下学期期末专项复习)It is our duty to try to cut back ________ on
production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.
②(2021·嫩江市高级中学高二期末)You need to pay your bill immediately, or else your water and
electricity will be cut ________.
③(2020·全国高一课时练习)It would be smart to use a plastic bottle whose top is cut ________ as a
container to grow young plant in.
④(2021·广东实验中学高二期中)All in all, we should cut ________ the consumption of disposable
products.
⑤(百度翻译)I usually cut ________ across the park on my way home.
⑥(2020·长春市第二中学高二期中)The doctor cut ________ a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
⑦(2020·甘肃兰州市一中高二期中)We are trying our best to cut ________ costs and improve quality.
⑧(2019·全国高二单句练)It’s impolite for us to cut ________ when others are talking.
⑨(百度翻译)The surgeon cut ________ the tumour(肿瘤)with expert skill. 
重点词汇-9. use up/run out
【原句呈现】The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials.
What if they run out?
【知识要点】
相关短语的辨析：
run out/run out of/use up的辨析
run out
用完，耗尽
不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等
run out of
用完，耗尽
及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
use up
用光，用完
及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2021·黑龙江实验中学高一月考)With money ________ ________, he couldn’t afford the round-trip tickets.
②(2020·上海曹杨二中高一月考)If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, by the middle of the 21st century, we will have ________ ________/________ ________ ________ all the oil that drives our cars.
重点词汇-10. pick out
【原句呈现】There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.
【知识要点】pick动词短语：
pick out挑出/找出/辨认出/辨别出，领会
pick at挑毛病，找茬儿，批评，少量地吃
pick off摘掉/下，拔去，截取
pick oneself up振作起来
pick up拿起/捡起/拾起，(没有通过正规上课或培训而)学会，习得，恢复，把……接走，染上(疾病)，整理/收拾，获得，得到，(从电台、电视等)收听/看到
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2019·全国高二课时练习)We were able to pick _______ foreign stations.
②(2021·河南高一期末)I have been picked _______ to represent the whole team.
③(2021·全国高一课时练习)With the teacher’s approval, the boy hurried out to the ground floor to pick _______ his book.
④(2019·浙江高一专题练习)There is no need to pick _______ him all day long. He’s a child after all.
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women’s Day and managed to pick _______ bags of bargains.
⑥(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)Dressed in a red dress, she was easy to pick _______ in the big crowd.
⑦(2019·全国高二课时练习)The girl picked _______ a wallet and handed it in to the policeman.
⑧(2019·全国高二课时练习)Will you please pick me _______ at eight o clock tomorrow morning?
⑨(2020·天津高三期中)Pick yourself ________. Courage is doing what you are afraid to do.
⑩(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Under good treatment, she is beginning to pick _______ and soon come back to work.
⑪(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)All the best apples have been picked _______ by the children.
⑫(2019·全国高二课时练习)He picked _______ some Japanese while travelling in Japan.
二、经典句型
1.it+连系动词be+表语+that从句
【原句呈现】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
【知识要点】
①本句中使用了“it+连系动词be+表语+that从句”的句型。句中“that”引导的是主语从句。It代替真正的主语作形式主语。
②注意引导主语从句的连接词。
【完成句子】
①(2020·江门市第二中学高二期中)对学生们来说很明显，他们应该为将来做好充分的准备。
___________________________ they should get well prepared for their future.
②(2020·江苏省锡山高级中学高二期中)转基因食品能带来什么副作用尚不明确，尽管有些科学家觉得它们很安全。
______________________ side effect the GM food will bring about, although some scientists consider it to be safe.
2….+of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句及其变形
【原句呈现】However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled,
and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.　
【知识要点】
①介词(介词短语)+关系代词
②其常见的拓展形式有：
★不定代词＋介词＋关系代词
★the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词
★数词＋介词＋关系代词
★the＋形容词比较级(最高级)＋介词＋关系代词
★介词＋whose＋名词
★介词＋which＋名词
【完成句子】用定语从句完成下列句子：
①(2021·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三模拟)天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。
There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, __________________ the Ancient Cultural Street best.
②(2020·高中新教材人教版同步备课新教材精创)他们路过一家工厂，工厂前面有大片稻田。
They passed by a factory, _____________________ a vast expanse of rice fields.
③(2020·全国高一课时练习)“你最畅销的车是哪一款？”“这里有三种类型的汽车供你选择，它们今年都很畅销。”
—Which is your best-selling car?
—Here are three types of cars for you to choose from, ____________________ this year.
④(2021·全国高一课时练)其墙面被漆成为淡绿色那座新建的咖啡屋，对我们来说，特别是辛劳以后，真是个祥和的地方。The newly built café, _____________________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
⑤(2021·黑龙江实验中学高三月考)我们班大约有60名学生将参加即将到来的考试，其中至少三分之二的学生能够通过并被重点大学录取。
About sixty students in my class will take the coming exam, at least _____________ can pass and be admitted by key universities.
⑥(2021·全国高一课时练)有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。
There are two buildings, _____________________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
⑦(2021·黑龙江佳木斯一中高二期末)我真得感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会(在学术上)走得这么远的。
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______________ help I would never have got this far.
⑧(2021·天津一中高三月考)他可能误了火车，如果那样的话，他再过一个小时就到不了了。
He may have missed the train, ________ he won’t arrive in another hour.
⑨(2021·天津高三一模)最后我们找到了一条通往山顶的路，在那里我们看到了美丽的日出。
At last we found a path leading to the top of the mountain, ____________ we saw a beautiful sunrise.
3.What if句型及其类似的句型
【原句呈现】What if they run out?
【知识要点】
What if 后跟陈述句表示“假使……呢？”“若是……又怎么样？”。
【完成句子】
①(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)“明天我们要去山区远足体验自然。”“要是我们在半路上下大
雨又怎么办？”
—Tomorrow we’ll go hiking in the mountain to experience nature.
—_____________________ when we are still halfway?
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)“瞧，你的梦中女神来了。去请她跳个舞吧。”“我不知道该不该这么做，要是她拒绝我咋办啊？”
—Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.
—I don’t know; _____________________?
4. …doubt+从句
【原句呈现】There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
【知识要点】
①“There is/remains no doubt ”后面接that从句引导同位语从句；
②“There is/remains some/certain doubt”后面接whether引导的同位语从句。
【完成句子】
①(2021·全国高一课时练)大家都知道，毫无疑问他绝不会再来了。
Everyone knows that ____________________ he will never come again.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)许多人怀疑是否花749美元买一个苹果四手机太贵了点。
__________________ $ 749 is too much for an iphone4.
③(2020·全国高一课时练习)秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行仍有一些疑问，但毫无疑问的是，它将在我们的国庆假期后不久举行。
____________________ the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school, but __________________ it will be held soon after our National Day holiday.
5. “the more...the more...”句型
【原句呈现】Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.
【知识要点】
“the more ..., the more/the less...”句型常表示“越……就越/就越不……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词就要用一般现在时表示将来。此外还有该句型的变式：the less..., the less ...(越不……就越不……)/the fewer ..., the fewer ...(越少……就越少……)/the less ..., the fewer ...(越不/少……就越少……)/the fewer ..., the less ...(越少……就越不……)等。
【完成句子】
①(2021·山东高二专题练)你对工作越认真，你取得的进步就越大。
__________________ you take the job, __________________ you will make.
②(2021·唐山市第十一中学高二专题练)你锻炼的越多，身体就越健康。
________________ you take, ______________ you will be.
③(2021·全国高二课时练)我越来越烦恼，当然了，越烦恼就越难集中精力。
I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, _________ upset I got, __________ I was able to
concentrate.
④(2019·全国高二专题练)工作越少，需要的人就越少。
_______________ the work is, _____________ are needed.