高中英语高考M5 Unit 1 Getting along with others(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(学案)

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M5 Unit 1 Getting along with others(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
(新高考•江苏)
单元知识清单(词汇、短语和句型)
项目
单词(包括词性变化——语法填空必备)
重点单词
admit v.承认，允许进入，接/容纳→admission n.接纳，准许入学/会，承认
amusement n.娱乐，消遣→amuse v.给……提供娱乐→ amused adj.被逗乐的
→amusing adj.有趣的，逗笑的
apologize v.道歉/谢罪→apology n.道歉/谢罪
argue v.争吵，争论→argument n.争论，争辩，争吵，论点，论据
cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的，令人愉快的→cheer n.愉快，欢呼v.(为某人)打气，(对……)欢呼
cruel adj.伤人的，残酷的，残忍的→cruelty n.残酷，野蛮，虐待，残酷的行为
disagreement n.分歧，争论，意见不一→agreement n.(反义词)同意，一致，协议
→disagree v.不同意
guilty adj.内疚的，有罪的→guilt n.罪行，内疚
hopeless adj.没有好转希望的，无望的→hopeful adj.有希望的，有望的→hope v.希望
horrible adj.极坏的，糟糕的，恐怖的，令人震惊的→horrify v.使恐怖
mercy n.宽恕，仁慈，怜悯，幸运，恩惠→merciful adj.宽恕的，仁慈的等
revision n.复习，修订，修改→review v.复习
respond v.作出反应，反应→response n.反应
security n.平安，安全，安全措施
→secure adj.安全的，有把握的，稳固的，坚固的 vt.获得，使安全
sensitive adj.敏感的，体贴的→sense v.意识到，感觉 n.感觉，意识
→sensible adj.明智的，理智的，合乎情理的，意识到的，能感觉到的
truly adv.真诚地，诚恳地，衷心地→true adj.
→truth n.真相，实情，事实，真实情况，真实，真实性，真理
anchor v.扎根于，下锚，使固定，n.锚 beg v.恳求，乞讨
betray v.出卖，背叛
blame v.责备，指责 n.(坏事或错事的)责任，责备
dislike v.不喜欢，厌恶 envy v.& n.羡慕，忌妒
focus v.集中注意力于…… n.焦点，重点 forgive(forgave, forgiven) v.原谅，宽恕
quarrel n.& v.争吵，争执 remark n.& v.评论，谈论
overcome(overcame, overcome) vt.克服 pause v.& n. 停顿，暂停
pretend v.假装 swear(swore, sworn) v.发誓，咒骂
absurd adj.荒唐的，怪诞的
acquaintance n.泛泛之交，熟人，(与某人)认识
awkward adj.令人尴尬的，笨拙的 attitude n.态度，看法
cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的
eager adj.热切的，急不可待的 gifted adj.有天赋的，有天才的
identity n.身份 manner n.方式，态度，举止
sincerely adv.真诚地 worldwide adv.& adj.全世界(的)
识记单词
athletic adj.擅长运动的，健壮的→athlete n.运动员，运动选手
adolescent adj.青春期的 n.青少年 algebra n.代数
apartment n.公寓 arithmetic n.算术
childhood n.童年，幼年 circus n.马戏表演，马戏团
Easter 复活节 quiz n.小测验
mailbox n.邮箱 online adv.& adj.在线的
topic n.话题 trolleybus n.无轨电车
superb adj.极佳的，卓越的 washroom n.洗手间，厕所
重点短语
accuse sb.of sth.指责某人做了某事 be based on以……为根据，以……为基础
be cautious about对……小心 be/feel ashamed of …对……感到惭愧
be determined to do下定决心去做某事 be proud of/take pride in以……为自豪
can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
end up(with+n.)最后成为，最终处于，(以……为结束=end in+n.)
get along with与某人相处 get through(用电话)接通
feel like doing 想要做…… look back on回顾、回忆
make friends with sb.与……交朋友 keep one’s word信守诺言
keep pace with(与……)步调一致 rely on依靠，依赖
share with与……分享 spy on暗中监视，窥探
stare at盯着看
as a result of由于 before long不久，很快
in advance提前，预先 in conclusion总之
in one’s opinion在某人看来 regardless of不管，不顾
thanks to幸亏，由于
经典句型
1.否定转移的句型
【原句呈现】I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.(P2)我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。
2.can’t help doing及其衍生的句型
【原句呈现】Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.(P3)昨天，我看到他跟另外一名叫彼得的男生在说话，我禁不住在想，他是不是希望彼得取代我成为他最好的朋友呢。
3.would rather...than...句型
【原句呈现】You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic! (P9)
你知道我宁愿看牙医也不愿学习代数和算术！
词汇句型精讲
一、重点词汇
重点词汇-1.pretend
【原句呈现】Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong.
【知识要点】
①pretend v.佯装，假装；装扮，扮作，后面只能跟不定式做宾语，不接v­ing分词。
②相关搭配：
pretend to do sth.假装(要)做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth.假装已经完成某事 pretend that-clause假装……
【单句填空】用所给动词的恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·浙江高二月考)When the boss came in, the workers pretended ________(work)hard on their
machines.
②(2019·江西南昌市南昌二中课时练)The boy pretended ________(fall)asleep when his father came back.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)She pretended ________(not hear) it when I started singing.
④(2020·天津高二期中)The man tried to pretend ________ he hadn’t stolen the money but his expression gave him away.
重点词汇-2.admit
【原句呈现】We went to wash our hands in the girl’s washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.
【知识要点】
①admit v.承认，允许进入，接/容纳→admission n.接纳，准许入学/会，承认
②相关短语和句型：
admit(doing/having done)sth.承认(做过)某事
admit sb./sth.to be承认某人/某物是……
admit sb.to/into...准许/允许某人进入(或加入)……
be admitted to/into...被允许进入，被……录取
be admitted as 被接受成为……的一员
admit(to sb.)that从句...(向某人)承认……
it is generally admitted that...一般认为/普遍认为……，……是公认的
gain admission to进入……，……被录取
【单句填空】用所给动词的恰当形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·天津河东区高三一模)Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the ________(admit)procedures.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Li Yue, a top student in our school, worked hard and gained
________(admit)to Tsinghua University this summer.
③(2020·全国高一课时练习)The museum, to which the public ________(admit)for free, was open weekly.
④(2021·全国高一专题练习)She ________(admit)to hospital in September, because of fever, productive cough, and weakness.
⑤(2020·全国高一课时练习)Tom admitted ________(cheat)in the examination and he was not ________ admitted ________ the school at last.
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Last moth, she was admitted ________ a member of the trade union.
⑦(2021·全国高一专题练习)You may not like her, but you have to ________ ________ she’s good at her job.
⑧(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)________ is generally ________(admit) ________ staying up late is no good for health.
⑨(2021·全国高一专题练习)He admitted the boy ________ the stadium.
重点词汇-3. remark
【原句呈现】I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, ...
【知识要点】
①remark n.评论，意见，话，言论 v.评论，谈论→remarkable adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的(adv.remarkably)
②相关短语和句型：
remark on/upon...对……发表评论/看法
make remarks/a remark on/about就……发表意见，对……评头论足
remark+ that(从句)... (评论)说……
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021·黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末)My life improved ________ when I discovered art.
②(2021·全国高一课时练习)Do you keep records of your students who make remarkable progress in learning?
③(2020·天津一中高一月考)His casual ________ led to my being misunderstood by others.
④(2021·全国高一单元测试)The senior employee ________ ________ Debbie’s body language made the customers feel welcome.
⑤(2021·步步高高二英语寒假作业)It is impolite to remark ________ the appearance of other people.
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The media often make ________ ________ the private life of popular stars.
重点词汇-4. argue
【原句呈现】Since we argued, he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.
【知识要点】
①argue v.争吵，争论→argument n.争论，争辩，争吵，论点，论据
②相关搭配和句型：
argue with sb.与某人争吵(争论) argue about/over sth.争论某事
argue about/over sth.with sb.和某人争论某事 argue for sth.赞成某事
argue against sth.反对某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
have an argument about/over sth.辩论某事 settle an argument解决争端
beyond argument无可争辩 in an argument with与……争论/争执
argue+ that(从句)...争辩说……
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020·江苏高三二模)—Do you think the only way to truly know a person is to ________ ________ him?
—I can’t agree more. When the ________ is in full swing it reveals their character.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)They argued me __________ buying a new bike.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)He argued ________ smoking, and insisted that it was ________
argument that smoking was harmful to health.
④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)It is useless trying to argue ________ him ________ it.
⑤(2021·全国高二专题练)Some ________ ________ these figures are not as worrying as they seem.
重点词汇-5. apologize
【原句呈现】The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.
【知识要点】
①apologize v.道歉/谢罪→apology n.道歉/谢罪
apologize为不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，须接介词to或for加宾语
②相关短语：
apologize to sb. for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologize for A to B for...因(A所做的)某事替A向B道歉
accept/refuse an apology接受/拒绝道歉
demand an apology from sb.要求某人道歉
express/give/make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉/表示歉意
make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉/欠某人一个道歉
【单句填空】填上恰当的词或用所给动词的恰当形式填空：
①(2021·新疆乌鲁木齐市八中高一月考)After the class was over, Li Ping apologized ________ the teacher ________ his ________(come)late.
②(2021·长春市榆树高级中学高一期中)You should apologize ________ her ________ your rudeness.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Your behavior was outrageous. I ________ an ________ from you！
④(2020·七台河市第一中学高二专题练)I ________ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence.
⑤(2020·浙江高一期中)He didn’t keep his word, ________ which he made an ________ ________ his teacher.
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Mr. Harris apologized ________ the children ________ the lady ________ what they had done.
重点词汇-6. sensitive
【原句呈现】I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Mattew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little
bitter...
【知识要点】
①sensitive adj.敏感的，体贴的→sense v.意识到，感觉 n.感觉，意识
→sensible adj.明智的，理智的，合乎情理的，意识到的，能感觉到的
→senseless adj.无意义的，无目的的，失去知觉，不明智的，愚蠢的
②相关短语和句型：
be sensitive about介/在意，在乎 be sensitive to对……敏感
make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通(否定式：not make any sense=make no sense)
make sense of理解，弄懂，弄清……的意思 sense that从句...意识到……
in a/some sense从某种意义上说
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021·全国高一课时练习)The people in the village were for the most part ________ to being poor at that time.
②(2019·江苏省天一中学高三月考)—What do you think of her suggestion?
—Actually it would be much more ________ to talk about it later.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)You might get behind if you spend too much time debating
________ issues.
④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)She probably ________ ________ I wasn’t telling her the whole story.
⑤(2021·上海中学高二月考)________ some sense, years of economic recession remained an evil that touched the whole national economy．
⑥(2021·天津静海一中高三模拟)—Can you really make sense ________ what I mean, Cathy?
—I’m sorry. Your meaning didn’t really get across.
⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)It doesn’t make ________ sense(=It makes ________ sense)to buy the cheapest computer just to save a few dollars.
⑧(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Young people are very sensitive ________ their appearance.
重点词汇-7. committed
【原句呈现】Friendship means being committed to others.友谊意味着对别人忠诚。
【知识要点】
①commit v.犯(罪)，把……托付给，承诺→committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚信的，坚定的
→commitment n.承诺，委托，承担义务，献身
②相关短语：commit oneself to献/投身于……，委身于……，致力于……(短语中的to为介词)
be committed to献/投身于，忠于……，致力于……(短语中的to为介词)
commit a/the crime犯罪 commit suicide自杀
make a commitment做出承诺
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021·全国高一课时练习)He was highly praised for his ________ to his work and duty.
②(2021·全国高一课时练习)As a teacher, Mr. Li has been totally ________ ________ his work and duty.
③(2021·全国高二课时练习)If you are serious about our relationship,you should make ________
________.
④(2020·江苏省高邮中学高二月考)________ ________ to developing the green economy, as is reported, is the driving force behind the success of the village.
⑤(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高二期末)Police have ruled out the possibility that the man committed ________.
⑥(2021·福建省厦门集美中学)He was seen to enter the building about the time the ________ was
committed.
⑦(2021·江苏省天一中学高一期末)I would advise people to think very carefully about committing
________ to working on Sundays.
重点词汇-8. mercy
【原句呈现】Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patience and mercy.
【知识要点】
①mercy n.宽恕，仁慈，怜悯，幸运，恩惠→merciful adj.宽恕的，仁慈的等
②相关短语：
show(no/little)mercy to sb./have(no/little)mercy on sb.对某人(不)怜悯/对某人(不)仁慈/宽容
at the mercy of任凭……的摆布，完全受……的支配
without mercy毫不留情地，残忍地 be merciful to/towards sb.对某人仁慈
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021·全国高二单元测试)The captain asked his members to be ________ ________ the villagers.
②(2021·广东高二期末)So cruel is the man that he never shows any ________ ________ whoever is against his opinion.
③(2021·全国高二单元测试)The slaves had no freedom and even their lives were ________ the ________ of the slave owners.
④(2020·全国高一课时练习)Grassland is destroyed ________ mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting distant cities.
重点词汇-9. regardless of
【原句呈现】The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendships.
【知识要点】
①regardless of与in spite of, despite：
regardless of(后面要跟名词或名词短语作其宾语)，表示不去考虑，强调主观上“不管，不顾”。in spite of为介词短语(后面呀跟名词或名词短语作其宾语)表示转折，是“尽管”的意思；despite=in spite of。
②regardless与regardless of：
regardless of是副词短语(后面要跟名词或名词短语作其宾语)，而regardless既可以作形容词，也可以作副词。
③相关短语：in regard to=with regard to/about关于，至于
【单句填空】填上恰当的词或词组：
①(2019·全国高二课时练习) ________ her recent surgery, she has been carrying on ________.
②(2019·全国高二课时练习)Everyone has the right to good medical care ________ their ability to pay.
③(2019·全国高二课时练)________ the consequences of the chemical leaks, the specialists haven’t given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics.
重点词汇-10. rely on
【原句呈现】Friendship means having someone I can rely on.
【知识要点】
①rely on(depend on)依靠，依赖
②相关短语和句型：
rely on sb.to do ...依靠/指望某人做…… rely on one’s doing sth.依赖某人做……
rely on sb. for sth.依赖某人某事
rely on one’s own efforts/strength依靠自身力量，自力更生，靠一己之力
主语＋rely on/depend on＋it形式宾语＋that从句：放心/相信/指望……
类例：主语＋hate/dislike/love/like＋it形式宾语＋when从句
主语＋appreciate＋it形式宾语＋if从句
主语＋see to＋it形式宾语＋that从句
……
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Meanwhile he pointed out that that was not the only safety net that graduates could ________ on.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The technology progress is an important factor of the economic growth of the world, but any country can not totally rely on one’s own __________ to carry on all scientific and technical innovation.
③(2020·浙江宁波市余姚中学高二月考)You can rely on ________ ________ they will finish their work ahead of time.
④(2019·全国高一课时练习)I dislike ________ ________ you laugh at others in public or speak ill of others behind.
⑤(2018·四川成都外国语学校高一期末)I would appreciate ________ ________ you can inform us the time and location of the meeting in advance.
二、经典句型
1.否定转移的句型
【原句呈现】I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.
【知识要点】
①当主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, guess, imagine等等，且主句的主语为第一人称时，往往把对宾语从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词上。变成反意疑问句时，附加问句部分一般与从句一致。
②否定because of状语或because状语从句：
I don’t love you because of your family background.
我爱你不是因为你的家庭背景。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
③seem, appear否定的转移：　
It doesn’t seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。　
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
English doesn’t seem easy to learn.英语好像不容易学。
【完成句子】
①(2020·重庆八中高一月考)我认为你在会议上所说的话没有任何意义，不是吗？
I __________ what he said at the meeting makes any sense, ________?
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)我相信他不会来的，是吗？
I __________ he will come, ________?
③(百度百科)在那些年月里，可能没有任何人会有我这样的特殊情趣。
__________________ during those years _______ there could be anyone else who might share my own
peculiar tastes.
④(百度百科)我教书不是因为教书对我来说很容易，而是因为我热爱教书。
I ___________________ teaching is easy for me, but because I love teaching.
⑤(百度百科)昨天，我不是因为他的邀请而去那儿的。
Yesterday, __________________________ his request.
2.can’t help doing及其衍生的句型
【原句呈现】Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.
【知识要点】
cannot(can’t)help doing sth.忍不住做某事，不禁做某事
can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事
can’t help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做某事
【完成句子】
①(2021·黑龙江鹤岗一中高二期中)听到事故的消息，女孩禁不住担心起来。
At the news of the accident, the girl __________________________.
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)我们不得不承认，中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
We ______________ admit that the Chinese people are a great people.
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)你能不能帮我把这次聚会准备妥当？
Can you ______________ for the party?
3.would rather...than...句型
【原句呈现】You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic!
【知识要点】
①would rather do... than do...宁愿……而不愿……
上面该句型的变型：
would rather sb. did sth(对现在或将来的虚拟)
would rather sb. had done sth(对过去的虚拟)
②“宁愿……而不愿……”的其他表达方式：
prefer(doing)A to(doing)B prefer to do A rather than do B
参看M3 Unit 1 2. rather than相关句型。
【完成句子】
①(2021·上海复旦附中高一期末)我的祖父母宁愿住在乡下也不愿搬到城里去，因为农村的空气和食物都很新鲜。
My grandparents ______________ in the countryside ______________ to the town, because air and food there are fresh.
②(2020·黑龙江牡丹江一中高二月考)说实话，我宁愿是我来承受痛苦，而不是你。你不知道我有多担心。
To tell the truth, I __________ I __________ the pain instead of you. You don’t know how worried I was.