高中英语高考M6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(教案)

这是一份高中英语高考M6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(教案)，共22页。教案主要包含了重点词汇，经典句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。

M6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world(讲)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)
单元知识清单(词汇、短语和句型)
项目
单词(包括词性变化——语法填空必备)
重点单词
acquire v.购得，获得，得到→acquisition n.取得，获得，习得，获得物
→acquired adj.习得的，养成的，后天的→acquisitive adj.想获得的，想要的
addition n.增加，添加→additional adj.附加的，额外的，外加的→add v.增加，添加
assistant n.助理，助手 adj.助理的→assistance n.帮助，助理→assist v.帮助，做助手
commitment n.承诺，投入，奉献→commit v.承诺，投入，奉献
container n.容器，集装箱→contain v.含，容纳
contribute v.捐献，捐赠，捐助→contribution n.贡献，捐款，捐献物，投稿
→contributor n.捐款者/人，捐赠者，作出贡献者，投稿人
crowd n.人群，v.& vi.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的，水泄不通的
description n.描写，形容，说明→describe v.描写，形容，画出
equal adj.平等的，同等的 n.同等的人，相等物v.与……相同或相等
→equally adv.平等地，同样地，平均地，相等地，均等地
→equality n.平等，均等，相等
expand v.& v.扩大，扩张，扩展，膨胀→expansion n.扩大，扩张，扩展，膨胀
interpreter n.口译工作者，口译译员→interpret v.口译
lack n.缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的，短缺的
mountainous adj.多山的→mountain n.山，大山
political adj.政治的，政府的→politics n.政治学，政治→politician n.政治家
possession n个人财产，拥有，具有→possess v.拥有，具有
refer v.参考，谈及，咨询→reference n.参考，参照
remind v.提醒，使想起→reminder n.提醒物，提示物
starvation n饥饿，饿死→starve v.挨饿，饿死
troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的
→trouble麻烦，烦恼，故障，动乱 v.费心，烦恼麻烦，使烦恼
urgent adj.急迫的，紧要的→urgently adv.紧急地，急迫地→urgency n.紧急
→urge v.敦促，力劝，竭力主张 n.强烈的欲望，冲动
voluntary adj.志愿的，自愿的→volunteer n.& v.志愿者，志愿
worthy adj.令人敬重的，值得的，有价值的→worth adj.有……价值，值……钱
boil v.沸腾，煮沸，烹煮
export n.出口产品，输出品，出口，输出 v.出口，输出
fetch v.售得，卖得(某价)，取来，去拿来 obtain v.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得
alternative adj.可供替代的 n.可供选择的事物 angle n.角度
barrier n.障碍，隔阂，屏障，障碍物 colleague n.同事
damp adj.潮湿的 means n.手段，方法
poverty n.贫穷，贫困 primitive adj.原始的
remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的 shelter n.住所，藏身之处
staff n.全体员工 vacant adj.空着的，未被占用的
victim n.受害者
worthwhile adj.重要的，令人愉快的，值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
识记单词
ambassador n.大使 muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的→mud n.泥
bacteria n.细菌 heating n.供暖，供暖系统，暖气设备
wage n.(通常指按周领的)工资 well n.井，水
重点短语
be decorated with sth.用……装饰 be forced to do sth.被迫做某事
break down出故障，抛锚 consist of由……组成/构成
contribute ... to ...捐献…… donate money to charities向慈善结构捐款
draw someone’s attention to使(某人)察觉到，引起某人的注意
get hold of得到，抓住
give sb. a short description of sth.给某人就某事做个简单描述
look…up on the website在网上查 make a difference有作用(关系、影响)
make up组成，打扮，弥补
put up建造，搭起，张贴，留宿，为……安排住处
refer to谈及，提到，指称，查阅，参考
remind somebody of让某人想起……，提醒某人……
set up成立，建立 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
take on雇佣，呈现，开始从事，承担 think back to回想
far from离……远，远非，远不是 in a mess杂乱不堪
in addition除……以外(还)，此外 in chaos处于混乱状态
under the umbrella of在……的保护下，在……的管理下
with the help/aid of在……的帮助下
经典句型
1.there be及其衍生句型
【原句呈现】In some areas where there have been wars, special soldiers help keep the peace.(P49)
在有战争的地区，特种部队帮助维持治安。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句
【原句呈现】①As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.(P50)
②I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.(P50)我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN——这个名称更为常用。
3.make+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语复合结构的句型
【原句呈现】Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it
difficult to travel from place to place.(P62)这里没有随处飞扬的沙尘，但到处都是泥
浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。
词汇句型精讲
一、重点词汇
重点词汇-1. lack
【原句呈现】When there is a lack of food, there is hunger.
【知识要点】
①lack作动词用(不用于被动语态)：lack＋n.因缺乏……
②lack作名词用：
for/through lack of＋n.因缺乏……
a lack of＋n.缺乏……
no lack of＋n.不缺乏……
for /through lack of＋n.因缺乏……，因没有……
③lacking为形容词用：be lacking in…在……缺乏，缺乏……
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(译林版2020必修二专题练)They gave up carrying out the plan ________ lack of money.
【答案】for/through
【解析】for/through lack of＋n.因缺乏……。句意：由于缺乏资金，他们放弃了执行计划。
②(北师大2019版选择性必修一UNIT 1 Reading clubs课时练)She seemed to be ________ ________ frankness.
【答案】lacking in
【解析】be lacking in缺乏。句意：她看起来好像缺乏坦诚。
③(2018-2019学年南京市金陵中学高二下期末)________ lack ________ qualifications can be a
major obstacle to finding a job.
【答案】A, of
【解析】a lack of＋n.缺乏……。句意：学历不够可能成为求职的主要障碍。
④(2020-2021学年高一英语外研2019版下期末专项复习)________ courage(________ ________
courage)made him lose the chance of winning.
【答案】Lacking(Lack of)
【解析】动词lack为及物动词，分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。lack作
名词，后接介词of。lack of“缺少”，后接名词作宾语。句意：缺乏勇气使他失去了获胜的
机会。
重点词汇-2. equal
【原句呈现】In addition, the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws, for example, those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.
【知识要点】
①equal adj.平等的，同等的 n.同等的人，相等物v.与……相同或相等
→equally adv.平等地，同样地，平均地，相等地，均等地→equality n.平等，均等，相等
②相关短语：
A equals B in ... A在……方面比得上B
equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得上、敌得过……
be equal to＋n./doing sth.与……相等，有……的能力，胜任
be equal to sb. in sth.在(做)某事上与某人相当
be equal to(doing) sth.(in...)(在……方面)与……相等，能胜任……
have no equal=be without equal无与伦比
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(陕西省西安中学2019-2020学年高三上期中)It is extremely important to raise people’s awareness of gender ________.
【答案】equality
【解析】受形容词gender修饰应该用名词equality。句意：提高人们的性别平等意识非常重要。
②(2020届江苏省苏州中学高三下调研)No European country is escaping the economic consequences of the coronations, but the pain won’t be divided ________.
【答案】equally
【解析】修饰动词divided用副词equally。句意：没有一个欧洲国家可以逃脱这场疫情带来的经济危机，但是每个国家的受创程度却各不相同。
③(福建省厦门外国语学校2018-2019学年高二上第一次月考)He has ability. He is equal ________ the research work.
【答案】to
【解析】be equal to sth胜任……。句意：他有能力。他能胜任这项研究工作。故填to。
④(宁夏石嘴山市第三中学2019-2020学年高一下期中)—Why did you choose Jennifer as the leader of the team?
—No one was equal ________ her ________ skills and experience.
【答案】to, in
【解析】be equal to sb. in sth.在(做)某事上与某人相当。句意：“你为什么选择Jennifer 作队伍的领
导者？”“没有人在技能和经验方面能与她相当。”
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The film demands attention, and is ________ equal(=has ________ equal)in cinema history. 
【答案】without(no)
【解析】be without equal=have no equal无与伦比。句意：那部电影众人瞩目，在电影史上无与伦比。
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)He is equal ________ accomplishing the task, for no one ________ him in the area.
【答案】to, equals
【解析】be equal to doing sth.胜任；A equals B in ... A在……方面比得上B。句意：他能胜任完成这
项任务，因为在这方面没有人能比得上他。
重点词汇-3. contribute
【原句呈现】They collected approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money
contributed by the government.
【知识要点】
①contribute v.捐献，捐赠，捐助→contribution n.贡献，捐款，捐献物，投稿
→contributor n.捐款者/人，捐赠者，(作出)贡献者，投稿人
②相关短语意义的识别。
contribute sth to...把……捐献给……，给……投稿
contribute to为……做出贡献，有助于，导致
contribute to “有助于”后接名词、代词或动词-ing做宾语,不能用动词原形, 因为此处to为介词。
make a contribution/contributions to对/为……做/作出贡献，捐赠
参看M3 Unit 2重点词汇-3. contribution
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2020-2021学年人教新版高一英语课时同步练)China is willing to make new positive ________ to realizing regional peace.
【答案】contributions
【解析】make contributions to为……作出贡献。句意：中国愿为实现地区和平作出新的积极贡献。
②(吉林省长春外国语学校2020-2021学年高一下期初考)Failure can make a positive ________ to your life once you learn to make use of it.
【答案】contribution
【解析】make a contribution to对/为……做/作出贡献。句意：如果你学会利用失败，失败可以对你
的人生有积极的贡献。
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)In modern society, one of the primary ________ to this concept is the media.
【答案】contributors
【解析】contributor n.(作出)贡献者。句意：在现代社会，这个概念的主要贡献者之一是媒体。
④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)I believe that each of us can contribute ________ the future of the world
【答案】to
【解析】contribute sth to...把……捐献给……。句意：我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所
贡献。
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The young man contributed regularly ________ the magazine “the Times,” which makes him a popular writer among the readers.
【答案】to
【解析】contribute sth to...给……投稿。句意：这个年轻人定期向时代周刊投稿，这使得他在读者当
中成为了一个很受欢迎的作家。
重点词汇-4. acquire
【原句呈现】With this, the women have enough money to acquire materials to make baskets.
【知识要点】
①acquire v.购得，获得，得到→ acquisition n.取得，获得，习得，获得物
→acquired adj.习得的，后天养成的，学到的，获得的
→acquisitive adj.想获得的，想要的
②相关短语：acquire habits of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯
acquire a taste for开始喜欢上，喜欢，青睐
acquire a(good)knowledge of得到……的知识，(掌握，精通)
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(人教新版选择性必修第四册unit 5提升专项训练)Having read the book, she was able to pass on the ________ knowledge to the students.
【答案】acquired
【解析】acquired adj.学到的，获得的。句意：读过这本书后，她能把学到/获得的知识传授给学生。
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Smoking is an ________ taste and is not in born.
【答案】acquired
【解析】acquired adj.后天养成的。句意：抽烟的嗜好并不与生俱来，而是后天养成的。
③(百度翻译)He is ________ of money.
【答案】acquisitive
【解析】acquisitive adj.想获得的，想要的。句意：他十分贪财。
④(江苏省启东中学2020届高三上期初考)College students should actively participate in social practice, which will lead to the ________ of more knowledge and skills, now that what they learn from books is limited.
【答案】acquisition
【解析】acquisition n.习得。句意：既然大学生从书本上学习得的东西是有限的，他们应该积极参与
会使他们获得更多的知识和技能的社会实践。
⑤(2020届江苏省如皋市高三下模拟二)Each member of the community should acquire good ________ and regulate their behavior in an attempt to create a harmonious atmosphere.
【答案】habits
【解析】acquire habits of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯。句意：为营造和谐的氛围，社会的每一个成
员都应该养成好习惯并约束自己的行为。
⑥(2020-2021学年人教版高二英语单元测试定心卷)Only when you have acquired a good ________ of grammar can you write correctly.
【答案】knowledge
【解析】acquire a(good)knowledge of得到……的知识，(掌握，精通)。句意：只有当你掌握了良好
的语法知识的时候，你才能写出正确的文章。
⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)This beer isn’t bad. I’m beginning to acquire a ________ ________ it.
【答案】taste for
【解析】acquire a taste for开始喜欢上。句意：这种啤酒不错，我已经开始喜欢上它啦。
重点词汇-5. expand
【原句呈现】With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.
【知识要点】
①expand v.扩大， 扩张，扩/拓展，膨胀→expansion n.扩/拓大，扩张，扩展，膨胀
②与expand有类似词义的词的辨析：
enlarge扩大：多指具体物品如相片的放大。也可指扩大视野，增长知识
expand展开，扩大：不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大
expand into/to使扩大，变大，将……扩展(充)成……
expand on/upon详述，详细阐明
extend伸出，延伸/长：指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长
spread伸开，传播：一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)，火势蔓延
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(江苏省仪征市二中2020-2021学年高二上12月学情检测)In a world of globalization, many enterprises like Tiktok and We Chat are seeking to ________ their business abroad.
【答案】expand
【解析】expand拓展。句意：在全球化的世界里，许多像Tiktok和We Chat这样的企业都在寻求拓
展海外业务。
②(天津市部分区2021届高三上期末)Various measures are being taken such as the street-stall and small-store economy to ________ domestic demand.
【答案】expand
【解析】expand扩大。句意：正在采取各种措施，如街头摊贩和小商店经济，以扩大内需。
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)He asked his teacher to ________ ________ the steps of
programming.
【答案】expand on/upon
【解析】expand on/upon详述，详细阐明。句意：他要老师进一步阐述编制程序的步骤。
④(天津市耀华中学2019-2020学年高二上期中)The lunch period will be ________ from 30 minutes to an hour from now on.
【答案】extended
【解析】extended延长，延续。句意：从现在开始，午饭时间将会从30分钟延长至1个小时。
⑤(宁夏石嘴山市三中2021届高三上第一次月考)Some diseases ________ quickly from one person to another.
【答案】spread
【解析】spread传播。句意：一些疾病快速地从一个人传播到另一个人。
⑥(天津市一中2020-2021学年高一上期中)It is agreed that reading widely is one of the most effective ways to ________ our vocabulary.
【答案】enlarge
【解析】enlarge one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量。句意：大家一致认为广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的
最有效途径之一。
⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)
If you are successful here, you can easily ________ ________other markets, Mr He says.
【答案】expand into/to
【解析】expand into/to使扩大，变大，将……扩展(充)成……。句意：如果能在这里获得成功，你
就可以很容易地扩展至其它市场。
重点词汇-6. alternative
【原句呈现】If I had taken an alternative path and studied medicine, I would know a lot of medical knowledge.
【知识要点】
①have no alternative but to do除了……外别无选择
②“除了……外别无选择”的同义表达：
do nothing but do sth. have nothing to do but do sth.
have no choice but to do sth. there be nothing to do but do sth.
【单句填空】填上恰当的词：
①(天津市静海区第一中学2021届高三月考)To realize his dream, a man has no ________ but ________ spare no effort to fight.
【答案】alternative/choice, to
【解析】have no alternative/choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事。句意：为了实现自己的梦想，
一个人别无选择，只能全力以赴地奋斗。
②(人教2019版必修第三册Unit 3-3课时练)There is ________ to do ________ obey the orders.
【答案】nothing, but
【解析】There is nothing to do but to do除了做……别无他法。句意：除了服从命令之外，别无他法。
③(外研2019版选择性必修二课时练)When a disaster happens, the people there can do nothing ________ wait for help.
【答案】but
【解析】can do nothing but do只能做某事。句意：当灾难发生时，人们只能等待帮助。
④(江苏省盐城中学2019-2020学年高二4月阶段考)The researchers were confident that their unusual technique could finally provide an ________ to drugs in treating heart conditions.
【答案】alternative
【解析】alternative替代品。句意：研究人员相信他们的不同寻常的技术能最终提供一种用于改善
心脏状况的药物的替代品。
重点词汇-7. means
【原句呈现】Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.
【知识要点】
①means n.手段，方法，它是一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。means 作主语时，前有every, each, one 等修饰语时，谓语用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。
a means of production/transport/communication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段
a means of doing sth做某事的方法/途径
a means to an end达到目的的方法
注意：method后面接of doing或with sth.
way to do或of doing sth.
approach to doing sth.
②相关短语：
by all means无论如何，千方百计地，务必，不惜一切地，当然可以，没问题
by means of通过，用，借助于，凭借
by no means=not by any means绝对不/决不，无论如何都不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
by this/that means(in this/that way/with this/that method)用这种方法
【单句填空】填上恰当的词或用所给词的恰当形式填空：
①(天津市南开区2020-2021学年高三上期末)If you enjoy reading, then ________ ________ means do that whenever you want.
【答案】by, all
【解析】by all means当然可以。句意：如果你喜欢阅读，那么无论什么时候你想读都可以。
②(天津市大港一中2022届高三上入学测试)My parents always remind us that ________ ________ means should we show no respect for our teachers.
【答案】by no
【解析】by no means绝对不/决不，无论如何都不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)。句意：我的
父母总是提醒我们，我们决不能不尊重老师。
③(天津耀华滨海学校2021届高考适应性测试)One of the differences between humans and animals is that humans can express their thoughts ________ ________ of words.
【答案】by means
【解析】by means of依靠，借助于。句意：人和动物之间的区别之一在于，人类可以借助于语言来
表达他们的思想。
④(2020届江苏省天一中学高三综合检测三)The cultural factor is ________ ________ means to be neglected when we try to create a global brand.
【答案】by no
【解析】by no means绝对不/决不，无论如何都不。句意：我们在创立全球品牌时，文化因素绝不
能被忽略。
⑤(2020黑龙江牡丹江一中高二月考)
He decided to adopt a different ________ to teaching the language in a natural way.
He decided to adopt a different ________ of teaching the language in a natural way.
He decided to adopt a different ________ to teach the language in a natural way.
【答案】approach
method(way/means)
way
【解析】参看上述【知识要点】。句意：他决定采纳一种不同的教学方式——以一种自然的方式来教这门语言。
⑥(天津市河北区2020-2021学年高一下期末质量检测)Every possible means ________(try)to save the wounded soldier up to now.
【答案】has been tried
【解析】分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词try和主语means “方法”(单数名词)之间是被动关系，
根据时间状语up to now可知，用现在完成时的被动语态。句意：到目前为止，人们已尝
试了一切可能的方法来抢救这位受伤的士兵。
重点词汇-8. remind
【原句呈现】It reminded me of my time in Sudan, where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as
people tried to get the food.
【知识要点】
①remind v.提醒，使想起→reminder n.提醒物，提示物
②相关短语：
remind sb. to do sth.使/让某人想起做某事；提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ... 使/让某人想起……；提醒某人/警告某人……
remind sb. of sth. 使/让某人想起某事，提醒某人某事
keep oneself reminded of sth.提醒自己某事
③其他“v.+sb.+of sth.”结构的短语：
accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事 convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
cure sb. of sth.治好/治愈某人的病 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫/剥夺某人的某物 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(天津市和平区2018-2019学年度第二高三年级第一次质量调查)Take the note as a ________ in case you forgot to buy some sweets for the kids while shopping there.
【答案】reminder
【解析】不定冠词a后面要用名词，故填reminder。句意：以防你购物的时候忘了给孩子们买糖果，
带着这个便条作为提醒。
②(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Passengers are ________ ________ no smoking is allowed on this train. 
【答案】reminded that
【解析】“remind sb. that句型”的变形。句意：乘客们被提醒这趟火车上禁止吸烟。
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _________ of his own dreams.
【答案】reminded
【解析】keep oneself reminded of sth.提醒自己某事。句意：迈克尔在床边挂了姚明的一张照片来提
醒自己要实现自己的梦想。
④(2020届江苏省四星级高中高考考前信息卷8)The photos on the wall ________ Grandma ________ those happy old days when a large family lived together.
【答案】remind, of
【解析】remind sb. of sth.使/让某人想起某事。句意：墙上的照片让奶奶想起了从前一家人住在一
起的快乐时光。
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)The teacher ________ the students ________ review the lessons for the coming exam.
【答案】reminded, to
【解析】remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事。句意：老师提醒学生们复习功课迎考。
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Now doctors believe they have _________ him of the disease.
【答案】cured
【解析】cure sb. of sth.治好/治愈某人的病。句意：现在医生们确信已经治好了他的病。
⑦(无锡市普通高中2019-2020学年高三上期末)If we teach today’s children with yesterday’s
conventional teaching method, we’ll ________ them of tomorrow.
【答案】rob
【解析】rob sb. of sth.抢劫/剥夺某人的某物。句意：如果我们用昨天的传统教学方法来教育今天的
孩子，我们就会剥夺他们的明天。
⑧ (2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)She didn’t ________ him of stealing the money, and I just
________ him of stealing it.
【答案】accuse, suspected
【解析】accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事；句意：她没有指控他偷了那笔钱，她只是怀疑他偷了那笔
钱。
⑨(广东省深圳市南头中学2020-2021学年高二下期中)Though ________ of the danger, the old man still went into the jungle alone, with only a dog alongside.
【答案】warned
【解析】“warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事”的变形。句意：尽管被警告有危险，老人仍然独自走进丛
林，身边只带着一条狗。
⑩(2019外研版必修第三册 unit 1课时练)In conclusion, you should have ________ me of the decision in advance.
【答案】informed
【解析】inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事。句意：总之，你应该事先通知我这个决定。
⑪(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)We must have enough evidence to _________the members of the committee of the safety of nuclear plants. Otherwise, they wouldn’t agree to our plan.
【答案】convince
【解析】convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事。句意：我们必须有足够的证据使委员会的成员们相信
核电站的安全性。否则，他们是不会同意我们的计划的。
重点词汇-9. set up
【原句呈现】So, when was the United Nations set up?
【知识要点】
①set up建立，成立，创立，设立
②相关短语：set about(doing sth.)开始做/着手做
set aside
set in开始，到来，以……为背景
set off出发/动身/启程，引发，引爆，使爆炸
set out出发，动身，(to do sth.)开始做/着手做，制定
set ... a good example =set a good example to ...给……树立一个好榜样
set sth. on fire/set fire to sth.纵火焚烧某物
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)To expand its business, ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)is setting ________ branches in Dubai, Toronto, Melbourne and Taipei.
【答案】up
【解析】set up设立。句意：为了拓展业务，中国工商银行正在迪拜、多伦多、墨尔本和台北设立
支行。
②(广东实验中学2019-2020学年高二下期中)As soon as she arrived home,she set ________ tidying up the room.
【答案】about
【解析】set about开始做……，着手(doing sth.)。句意：她一到家就开始收拾房间。
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)You had better set ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
【答案】aside
【解析】set aside留出。句意：你最好每天留出一点时间去运动运动，以便你能保持精力充沛。
④(天津市一中2020-2021学年高二上期中)We set ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
【答案】out
【解析】set out to do sth开始做某事。句意：我们开始粉刷整个房子，但那天只完成了前面的部分。
⑤(江西省南昌二中2019-2020学年高一下第一次月考)The film Wolf Warrior 2, mainly set
________ Africa, has made a miracle at the Chinese box office.
【答案】in
【解析】set in以……为背景。句意：主要以非洲为背景的电影《战狼II》在中国票房上创造了奇迹。
⑥(黑龙江省大庆市铁人中学2020-2021学年高二上期末)It was reported that a group of American soldiers were walking along the road in Iraq when a bomb was set ________, causing three deaths.
【答案】off
【解析】set off 引爆。句意：据报道，一群美国士兵在伊拉克公路上行走时，一枚炸弹爆炸，造成
3人死亡。
⑦(黑龙江省佳木斯第一中学2020-2021学年高三期末)A young man from a wealthy family graduated from Beijing University and got a job as a pork seller, which set ________ a public heated debate.
【答案】off
【解析】set off 引发。句意：一名毕业于北京大学的富家子弟，找了一份卖猪肉的工作，此事引发
了公众的热议。
⑧The development of Shenzhen has set a good example ________ the other areas all over China.
【答案】to
【解析】set a good example to ...给……树立一个好榜样。句意：深圳的发展为中国各地树立了好榜
样。
⑨(吉林省长春外国语学校2020-2021学年高一上第一次月考)If you want to catch the first bus you’d better set ________ for the bus station immediately.
【答案】off
【解析】set off出发，动身。句意：如果你想赶上第一班公共汽车，你最好马上动身去车站。
⑩(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)Protesters set cars set ________ fire and burned a building
【答案】on
【解析】set sth. on fire/set fire to sth.纵火焚烧某物。句意：抗议者焚烧汽车，并烧毁了一座建筑。
⑪(黑龙江省实验中学2021届高三下2月考)Panic set ________,but Mary could not run—she was frozen to the spot.
【答案】in
【解析】set in开始，到来。句意：玛丽的恐慌随之而来,可是她又无法跑动——她被吓得呆在那儿。
⑫(2020届江苏省南通市高三适应性练习)The manager has set ________ several principles that he hopes will guide his employees in their work.
【答案】out
【解析】set out制定。句意：经理制定了几条准则，希望能在工作中指导他的员工们。
重点词汇-10. break down
【原句呈现】However, if the pump breaks down, repairing it can be troublesome, as an engineer has to come
from the nearest town to repair it.
【知识要点】
break down表示“化学分解”， 还有“崩溃，垮掉/倒闭，出毛病/故障，抛锚” 等意思
break up表示的是“物理分解”，还有“消除(偏见，隔阂等)、破裂、驱散、结束、破裂、融化”等等意思
break away(from...)逃脱，脱离(与……脱离，与……断绝关系)
break free from摆脱，跳出，打破
break in打断，插嘴，强行闯入
break into(后面需要加宾语)强行进入，打入，突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break off使折断，突然终止，中断(谈话等)，停顿
break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break through战胜，突围，突破，冲破
【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：
①(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)The ice will break ________ when the warm weather comes.
【答案】up
【解析】break up融化。句意：天气暖和时，冰就会融化。
②(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)The police came and broke ________ the crowd.
【答案】up
【解析】break up解散，驱散。句意：警察来了，驱散了人群。
③(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)The meeting broke ________ at eleven o'clock.
【答案】up
【解析】break up结束。句意：会议在十一点散会。
④(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)Some sentences can break ________ into clauses.
【答案】up
【解析】break up分解。句意：有些句子可以分成从句。
⑤(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)Their marriage is breaking ________.
【答案】up
【解析】break up破裂。句意：他们的婚姻正在破裂。
⑥(2020-2021学年高一英语下译林牛津新版期末专项复习)It is not surprising that such worms can break ________ polyethylene(聚乙烯).
【答案】down
【解析】break down分解。句意：毫不奇怪，这种蠕虫可以分解聚乙烯。
⑦(2020-2021学年高一英语下译林牛津新版期末专项复习)If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll break ________ sooner or later.
【答案】down
【解析】break down崩溃，垮掉。句意：如果乔治继续这么努力工作，他迟早会崩溃的。
⑧(2020-2021学年高一英语下译林牛津新版期末专项复习)We had just finished the task when the machine broke ________.
【答案】down
【解析】break down出故障。句意：我们刚完成任务，机器就坏了。
⑨(2020-2021学年高一英语下译林牛津新版期末专项复习)6．It takes a long time to break ________ prejudices.
【答案】down
【解析】break down消除(偏见，隔阂等)。句意：消除偏见需要很长时间。
⑩(江西省南昌市二中2020-2021学年高二上第一次月考)After the American Revolutionary War broke ________, Americans were trying every means to break ________ away ________ the rule of the United Kingdom.
【答案】out, from
【解析】break out爆发；break away from摆脱。句意：美国独立战争爆发后，美国人千方百计想摆脱英国的统治。
⑪(2020届江苏省淮安市高三下5月调研)The company is making a long-term commitment to breaking ________ the American market.
【答案】into
【解析】break into打入。句意：该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。
⑫(广东省珠海市一中2020-2021学年高二10月考)The truth that the factory would break ________ made all the workers shocked
【答案】down
【解析】break down垮掉/倒闭。句意：工厂要倒闭的消息使所有的工人都很震惊。
⑬(2020届天津市天津七中高三第二三月考)It is only when you can break free ________ the past that a whole new world can open up to you.
【答案】free from
【解析】break free from打破。句意：只有当你能从过去中摆脱出来，一个全新的世界才会向你敞开。
⑭(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)We attempted to break ________ the lines of the enemy.
【答案】 through
【解析】break through突破。句意：我们企图突破敌人的封锁线。
⑮(黑龙江省哈尔滨市三中2019-2020学年高一上期末)We had to break ________ our house after our vacation because we had lost the key on our way back home.
【答案】into
【解析】break into闯进，破门而入。句意：假期后我们必须得闯进家门了，因为在回来的路上我们
把钥匙弄丢了。
⑯(百度翻译)She longed to break ________ on their conversation but didn’t want to appear rude.
【答案】in
【解析】break in打断。句意：她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。
二、经典句型
1.there be及其衍生句型
【原句呈现】In some areas where there have been wars, special soldiers help keep the peace.
【知识要点】
此句中“there have been”为there be句型的完成时形式。there be句型的用法如下：表示某个事物在什
么地方，其结构为“There be＋主语＋其他成分”。其中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词遵循就
近原则。
衍生句型:
①There used/seem(appear)/happen/to be过去常有/似乎有/碰巧有；
②在there be的be 前还可以加上各种情态词；
③在there be句型中的be还可以换成其他的动词与there连用，这些词都是表示状态的如：live, stand, exist, remain等或用来描写某事的发生或某人的到达如come, appear, enter, follow, occur等。
④特殊的表达方式：There is no sense in doing做某事是没有用的，没有意义的
There is no use/good doing做某事是没有用的，没有必要的
There is no need(for sb.)to do(某人)没有必要做某事
There is thought/said/reported to be人们认为有/据说有/据报道有
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
【完成句子】
①(江西省贵溪市实验中学2020-2021学年高二下期末)约翰打开了门，那儿站着一个他从没见过的女孩。
John opened the door. _____________________ he had never seen before.
【答案】There stood a girl
②(2021年高考英语一轮复习讲练测)学生之间关于这项工作的必要性存在着/仍然有一定的疑惑。
____________ a certain ________ doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.
【答案】There exists/remains
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)当火灾发生时，该房间碰巧没有人。
_________________________ in the room when the fire broke out.
【答案】There happened to be no one
④(人教新版2019 必修二课时练)我一整晚都在给Charles打电话，但是网络一定是出了点问题，我似乎打不通。
I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but ____________________ the network. I can’t seem to get through.
【答案】there must be something wrong with
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)为过去的事情担忧是毫无意义的。
____________________________ the past.
【答案】There is no sense in worrying about
⑥(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)你明天不必早起。
__________________________ early tomorrow.
【答案】There is no need for you to get up
⑦(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)据说这两个国家之间会再有一场战争爆发。
__________________________ between the two countries.
【答案】There is said to be another war break out
It is said that another war will break out
⑧(福建省三明市三地三校2020-2021学年高二下期中联考)毫无疑问, 所有的叙利亚人都渴望过安宁的生活。
_____________________ all the Syrians are eager/dying to live a peaceful life.
【答案】There is no doubt that
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句
【原句呈现】①As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.
②I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it
is more often referred to.
【知识要点】
该句中as是一个关系代词引导一个非限制性定语从句，意思为“正如……的”。as引导的非限制性
定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，句首、句中及主句后均可以。还可以用来引导限制性定语从句修
饰有the same, such等修饰的先行词。
【完成句子】
①(江苏省扬州市江都区大桥高级中学2020-2021学年高一上学情调研)正如报告中表示的那样，该城市的空气质量在过去的两个月已经得到了改善。
The air quality in the city, _____________________, has improved over the past two months.
【答案】as is shown in the report
②(2020-2021学年外研新版寒假作业)科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。
There is no simple answer, ____________________ in science.
【答案】as is often the case
③(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)正如这本历史书里所记录的那样，自古以来钓鱼岛就属于中国。
________________ in the history book, Diaoyu Island has belonged to China since ancient times.
【答案】As is recorded
④(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)这本书是用如此简单的英语写的，初学者也能读懂。
The book is written in _________________ beginners can understand.
【答案】such easy English as
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)这是每个人都想去参观的一个好地方以至于它在全世界都很出名。
It is ___________________ everybody wants to go and visit that it is well known all over the world.
【答案】such a good place as
⑥(人教新版Unit 4 Natural disasters同步练)上海学生使用的教科书和我们现在使用的一样。
The students in Shanghai are using __________________ _______ we are now using.
【答案】the same textbooks as
3.make+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语复合结构的句型
【原句呈现】Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to
travel from place to place.
【知识要点】
在make/find/feel/think等+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语的复合结构中，真正的宾语
可以是不定式、动词的ing形式或that从句。
【完成句子】
①(牛津译林新版高一英语寒假作业)很多父母觉得和他们的孩子们经常沟通是很困难的。
Many parents ____________________ have regular conversations with their children.
【答案】find it difficult to
②(浙江新东方在线英语35)我必须说清楚我们已十年未联系了。
I must __________________ we haven’t contacted eachother for 10 years.
【答案】make it clear that
③(2020-2021学年高一寒假作业)我觉得当我们的父母变老时，照顾他们是我们的职责。
I ____________________ look after our parents when they get old.
【答案】feel it our duty to
④(浙江省金华市方格外国语学校2020-2021学年高一下段考)无论他在哪儿，他都把早上散步作为习惯。
Wherever he is, ___________________ take a walk in the morning.
【答案】he makes it a habit to
⑤(2021届江苏英语新高考一轮复习)我认为再等下去是没用的，我们回家吧。
I _____________________ any longer, and let’s go home now!
【答案】think it no use waiting
本单元还有一个动词短语非常重要，附后再次提醒
重点词汇. refer to
【原句呈现】I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is
more often referred to.
【知识要点】
参看M2 Unit 3重点词汇-12.refer to
本单元中还有几个经典句型，附后再次提醒
1.分隔式定语从句
【原句呈现】There are lots of worthwhile programms like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped
millions of people across the world.(P51)在联合国管理体系中还有很多此类的重要项目，它们
已经成为全世界以百万计的人提供了帮助。
参看M4 Unit 3分隔式定语从句
2.neither＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语
【原句呈现】Neither did I. (P53)我也不(知道)。
参看M1 Unit 3 so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语
3.would rather句型
【原句呈现】I would rather you hadn’t told me about it. (P56)我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。
参看M5 Unit 1 would rather...than...句型
4.主语+ be + adj. + to do句型
【原句呈现】The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. (P23)
将来，英语是否会继续改变这一问题是很容易回答的。
参看M3 Unit 2 主语+ be + adj. + to do句型
5.If only句型
【原句呈现】If only there were more people donating money to charities!(P57)
但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！
参看相关语法：虚拟语气