中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习语篇理解之主旨大意题精读精练 (含详解)

这是一份中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习语篇理解之主旨大意题精读精练 (含详解)，共18页。试卷主要包含了 Dr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点复习
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主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
在中考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：
(1) What wuld be the best title fr the text? /What is the tpic f the text?
(2) The main tpic / subject f the passage is _________.
(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme f this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n _________.
(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?
(6) What is the main idea f the passage?
(7) What’s the main pint the writer is trying t make in the last paragraph?
(8) The purpse f this passage is.
(9) Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the text?
(10) Which f the fllwing best summarized the passage?
(11) The passage mainly fcuses n.
从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。
主旨大意题的分类
1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：
（1）中心思想类
The main pint /idea f the passage is…
The passage is mai nly abut…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but ne paragraph is chiefly cncerned with…?
Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?
（2）标题类
Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
The best title fr the passage wuld be …
（3）目的类
The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is t …
The passage is meant t ….
In writing this passage, the authr mainly intends t…
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体
现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，
仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set f stamps depicting the tp 128 Chinese family names n Thursday Nv. 18th 2004 in Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set f stamps depicting the tp 128 Chinese family names
标题：China issued 1st set f stamps n family names
【典例示例】
August 8, was Earth Oversht Day. Calculated annually by the envirnmental advcacy(支持，拥护) grup, Glbal Ftprint Netwrk(GFN), it is the day when human has cnsumed all the natural resurces — prduce, meat, fish, water, and wd — that ur planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that fr the rest f 2016, we will be using natural resurces that are impssible t replace.
Fr thse that are a little cnfused, it is similar t spending yur entire year’s allwance by August and then brrwing mney frm friends, knwing fully well that yu cannt repay the lan. GFN says that the same thing happens in the case f the Earth.
The date f Earth Oversht Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable wrld, we shuld nly spend what we have. This means that Earth Oversht Day wuld fall n December 31, r perhaps even spill int the fllwing year, indicating that we are saving sme resurces fr a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we nly cnsumed three-quarters f what the planet prduced.
Unfrtunately, the day has been ging up rapidly since 2014 when it fell n August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest s far — August 8! The nly way t sustain this demand wuld be t have 1.6 earths, which as we all knw, is nt pssible.
Frtunately, experts say that the situatin is nt as grim as it sunds. Many cuntries are already taking steps t reduce carbn emissins, which accunts fr 60% f ur eclgical ftprint, by switching t slar r wind-generated pwer.
Individuals can als help by eating less meat, walking, biking, r taking public transprtatin, as well as adpting the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all wrk tgether, we can help push back Earth Oversht Day t December 31, r even beynd!
27. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A Warning: Earth Oversht Day
B. A Celebratin: Earth Oversht Day
C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
D. An Advertisement: Glbal Ftprint Netwrk
【文章大意】 本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Oversht Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Oversht Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth Oversht Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。
【答案】A
【详解】今年的Earth Oversht Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Oversht Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
知识强化
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一、阅读单选
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The Internet, mbile phnes and Ipads are part f ur lives nw. Technlgy is greatly affecting all ways f ur lives, frm the ways we wrk t the ways we play. And it even causes a number f scial prblems such as clning humans.
We have had lts f technlgy and it has changed ur lives a lt. There is n dubt that humans will cntinue t use mre and mre technlgy. Here are sme examples f mdern technlgy that will change ur ideas and will affect ur lives greatly.
Glbal Psitining System (GPS) (全球定位系统)
It’s a system that uses radi signals frm satellites t shw exact (精确地) infrmatin. It tells yu where the user is n the earth in all weather cnditins. It’s made up f three parts: satellites, cntrl equipment (设备) n land and receivers.
Space Technlgy
Russian and American scientists have wrked tgether fr the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) fr a lng time. They hpe the ISS will prvide a lng-lasting lab. Such a lab will bring humans limitless (无限的) advantages. It’s even hped that ne day space technlgy will take humans t their new huses in space.
Underwater Rbt
Hercules is a kind f Underwater Rbt with sme high technlgy equipment. It will be used t search fr ancient ships which were destryed int the deep sea during their jurney lng ag.
The wrld is changing s quickly that it’s hard fr us t catch up with all the new inventins because they seem t cme ut every mnth. It’s imprtant fr us t learn abut new technlgy and the rle that it plays in ur lives. S we shuld be willing t accept mdern technlgy, r we will fall behind the time.
1. ________ can tell yu where the user is n the earth exactly.
A. SatellitesB. Receivers
C. Glbal Psitining SystemD. Underwater Rbt
2. Accrding t the passage, which is NOT true abut the ISS?
A. It has carried peple t ther planets.
B. It will prvide a lng-lasting lab fr us.
C. Russian and American are wrking fr it.
D. Humans will get a lt f advantages frm it.
3. Hercules is used t ________.
A. save lives in the seaB. take picture in the sea
C. repair the brken shipsD. lk fr the ancient ships in the sea
4. Frm the passage, we knw that ________.
A. the use f GPS is affected by the weather cnditins
B. it’s very imprtant fr us t learn abut new technlgy
C. it’s easy fr us t catch up with all the new inventins
D. technlgy brings us many advantages such as clning humans
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Have yu ever had an experience where yu meet smene new, learn their name and think t yurself, “Ww, they really lk just like their name!” What des this mean, exactly? Scientists are suggesting that humans tend t assciate peple’s names with their appearance, and can even guess smene’s name based n hw they lk.
Researchers at the Hebrew University f Jerusalem in Israel cllected thusands f phts f peple faces. They labeled each pht with fur names. Then, they asked vlunteers t guess which f the fur names was crrect.
The vlunteers were able t guess the right name 38 percent f the time. It seems that humans are able t recgnize certain characteristics f faces that can give them clues abut smene’s name, Reader’s Digest reprted.
Hwever, this nly wrks when we’re lking at names within ur wn culture. In additin, the vlunteers were nt as gd at guessing the real names f peple wh use nicknames mre ften than their real names. This shws that a persn’s appearance is affected by their name nly if they use it ften.
“This kind f face-name matching happens “because f a prcess f self-fulfilling prphecy, as we becme what ther peple expect us t becme,” Ruth May frm the university tld science news website EurekAlert.
Previus studies have shwn that gender and race steretypes can affect a persn’s appearance. The researchers believe there are als similar steretypes abut names. Fr example, peple tend t think that men named Bb shuld have runder faces because the wrd itself lks rund. Peple may think that wmen named rse are beautiful. They expect them t be delicate and feminine, just like the flwer they are named fr.
5. What des the passage mainly tell us?
A. Peple can guess thers’ names base n their appearance.
B. A persn’s appearance can be affected by three factrs.
C. There are several ways t guess a stranger’s name.
D. It’s nt plite t ask strangers abut their names.
6. Dr. Ruth May thinks sme peple lk like their names because f _______.
A. racial steretypesB. their unique culture
C. a self-fulfilling prphecyD. their living envirnment
7. Accrding t the passage, men named Bb are expected t _______.
A. wear glassesB. have big eyesC. lk beautifulD. have rund faces
8. What d we knw frm this research?
A. Nicknames have a bigger influence n peple’s appearance.
B. Gender and race have n influence n a persn’s appearance.
C. The vlunteers guessed nearly fur names crrectly ut f ten.
D. Peple are gd at recgnizing the different characteristics f faces.
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Little was understd abut earthquakes befre the 20th century. Hwever, they have been respnsible fr millins f deaths and a huge amunt f damage t humans ver centuries. Earthquakes usually happen n the edges f large sectins f the Earth's plates. These plates slwly mve ver a lng perid f time. Smetimes the edges, which are called fault lines. can get stuck, but the plates keep mving. Pressure slwly starts t build up where the-edges are stuck and, nce the pressure gets strng enugh, the-plates will suddenly mve causing an earthquake.
Generally befre and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The nes that happen befre are called freshcks. The nes that happen after are called aftershcks. Scientists dn't really knw if an earthquake is a freshck until the bigger earthquake ccurs.
Shck waves frm an earthquake that travel thrugh the grund are called seismic wave*. They are mst pwerful at the center f the earthquake, but they travel thrugh much f the earth and back t the surface. They mve quickly at 20 times the speed f sund.
Scientists use seismic waves t measure hw big an earthquake is. They use a device* called seismgraph t measure the size f the waves. The size f the wave is called magnitude.
T tell the strength f an earthquake, scientists use a scale* called the Mment Magnitude Scale r MMS（it used t be called the Richter scale）. The larger the number n the MMS scale, the larger the earthquake.
Yu usually wn't even ntice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3.5 n the MMS scale. The picture n the right shws sme examples f what may happen depending n the scale.
9. In Paragraph 1, the writer explains what the earthquake is by ________.
A. listing examplesB. ffering data
C. making a cmparisnD. giving an explanatin
10. Accrding t Paragraph 2, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Scientists can't measure the strength f an earthquake exactly.
B. It's still difficult fr scientists t tell when an earthquake cmes.
C. After a bigger earthquake happens, peple may ntice freshcks.
D. The earthquake wn't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
11. If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit yur area, what might happen?
A. Yur huse might shake badly.B. Peple might feel n shaking at all.
C. The family pht might fall ff the wall.D. Everything might break dwn n the street.
12. The passage is written mainly t ________.
A. present facts abut the earthquake
B. give early warnings befre an earthquake
C. stress the imprtance f earthquake scale
D. prvide knwledge f self-prtectin in earthquakes
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During a visit t Mexic in 1519, Herman Crtes, a Spaniard, was given a drink called xcatl. It was made frm cca beans and was very bitter. He liked the drink and tk sme f the beans back t Spain where the drink sn became ppular. The Spanish, hwever, added sugar t make it sweet, and they drank it ht.
A hundred years came and went befre it was intrduced t France. Then in 1657, a Frenchman pened a stre in Lndn and began selling chclate. It was very expensive, but sn chclate huses were pened in many large Eurpean cities. They were places where peple culd meet t drink chclate tgether and talk.
In 1900, the English started putting milk in their chclates is Miltn Hershey. Hershey was brn in 1857, and as a yung man, he became interested in making chclate. In the early 1900s, he started a chclate-making cmpany, which grew very quickly because his chclate was s delicius. Nwadays, Hershey chclate is sld all ver the wrld, and many peple think it was Miltn Hershey wh was instrumental in making chclate s ppular.
13. What des the underlined wrd “bitter” mean in Chinese?
A. 贵的B. 苦的C. 便宜的D. 酸的
14. The Englishman, Miltn Hershey started putting milk in their chclates ________.
A. in 1519B. in 1657C. in 1857D. in 1900
15. Which ne is right abut chclate huses?
A. Stres that sld sft drinks.
B. cmpanies that sld chclate.
C. Where the chclate was prduced.
D. Places peple met and drank chclate.
16. What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A. The chclate huses.B. A Spanish fd.
C. The histry f chclate.D. A Mexican drink.
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I’ve heard f many cmplaints frm bth parents and children, such as “My mther is s verpwering that she desn’t understand me.” and “Why isn’t she as respectful as she used t be?” Generatin gap means misunderstanding between parents and children.
What are the reasns behind the generatin gap? First, children find they have grwn up, s they dn’t want t depend n their parents any mre. The desire t prve themselves capable f making decisins by themselves makes them disbey what parents said. Secnd, a generatin creates their wn language and fashin, which differs itself frm ther generatins. The feeling with their peers（同龄人）is different frm that with their parents as if the tw generatins were frm different wrlds. Fr example, parents dn’t understand why their children like Jay Chu s much, wh is the star f yung peple’s wrld.
Hw t bridge the generatin gap? Cmmunicatin!
Cmmunicatin imprves the understanding between children and parents. Fr example, children shuld be always willing t share everything in their life. On the ther hand, parents shuld shw their understanding and care abut them. It is nt hard t bridge the gap, because the lve between parents and children is the greatest in the wrld.
17. Wh ften cmplain accrding t the first paragraph?
A. Children.B. Mthers.C. Parents.D. Bth parents and children.
18. “Generatin gap” means ________ between parents and children.
A. mistakeB. misunderstandingC. disagreementD. dislike
19. The secnd paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A. the language and fashin a generatin has created
B. what children want t prve t their parents
C. the reasns behind the generatin gap
D. wh is the star f yung peple’s wrld
20. The way t bridge the generatin gap is ________.
A. laughingB. quarrelingC. never speakingD. cmmunicating
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Fr many American 10-year-lds, summer is always a time fr gfing arund (消磨时光), hanging ut with friends, and playing utside until the sun ges dwn. Hwever, fr Liam Hannn, the summer f 2017 was a bit different. That year, Liam did nt want t g t summer camp, s he made a deal with his dad t stay busy and active. He jined a prgram t give back t the cmmunity. Specifically, he was given a task t help hmeless peple.
Liam pinted ut t his dad that there were a lt f hmeless peple just utside their hme in Cambridge, Massachusetts. These peple were hungry and Liam thught he culd d smething t lift their spirits. Liam and his clad began making sandwiches. Tgether, they made 20 lunches that first week, which they then handed ut t the hmeless peple. When the week was ver, Liam realized he was nt ready t put away his bread knife just yet, s Liam’s Lunches f Lve was brn.
“N ne shuld be hungry,” Liam wrte n his GFundMe page. He created the nline page with his father as a way t help raise mney fr Lunches f Lve. Dnatins that were received thrugh GFundMe have enabled Liam t buy a better cart (手推车) and make thusands f additinal lunches. Liam als gets help frm friends and vlunteers t make and deliver the lunches. His friends lve drawing pictures and writing encuraging messages n the brwn paper bags that the lunches and healthy snacks are packed in. “I’ve seen peple wh are feeling really dwn. But when we hand them a lunch, their faces just light up,” says Liam.
But he didn’t stp there. Liam has anther prject called Legs (乐高) f Lve. Peple send in their ld tys, which are then srted and given t children wh are living at hmeless shelters.
One thing is certain: This nw 12-year-ld knws hw t pay it frward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches f Lve is an example f hw even smething as simple as a sandwich can change the wrld.
21. What did Liam Hannn d in the summer hliday f 2017?
A. He went t summer camp.
B. He hung ut with his friends.
C. He helped many hmeless peple with his father and friends.
D. He drew pictures and wrte encuraging messages n the paper bags.
22. Hw did Liam help the children at hmeless shelters?
A. By raising mney fr them.B. By making sandwiches fr them.
C. By buying ld tys fr them.D. By creating a prject called Legs f Lve.
23. Liam’s stry mainly tells us ________.
A. we shuld ask ur friends fr help
B. we shuld enjy the summer hliday with ur family
C. simple help can make a big difference
D. prjects make a lt f fun
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The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly traditin that my tw little girls and I began years ag. We always g ut in the wrld and d charity (慈善) wrk. Last Thursday, we were ging t buy lunch fr the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I rdered 15 lunches frm McDnald’s (麦当劳) and decided t hand them ut.
We enjyed what we saw in the street: a surprised and happy persn hlding up his lunch bag. Then we nticed a small ld wman asking fr fd. We handed her ur final lunch bag. As we gt int the car, she started t speak t us. “N ne has ever dne anything like this fr me befre,” she said with a smile. “Well, I’m glad that we were the first,” I replied. “S, when will yu eat yur lunch?” I asked. She just lked at me with her huge, tired brwn eyes and said, “Oh, hney, I’m nt ging t eat this lunch. Yu see, I have a little girl. I usually can’t affrd t buy her the fd she enjys. But tnight she will be s happy!”
I dn’t knw if the wman nticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questined many times whether ur acts f kindness were t small t make a difference. Yet at that mment, I realized the truth f Mther Teresa’s wrds: “We cannt d great things—nly small things with great lve.”
24. On Thankful Thursday, the writer ften went with her tw daughters t ________.
A. visit their friendsB. d sme charity wrkC. have lunch in McDnald
25. The ld wman was the _______ ne t get the lunch.
A. firstB. secndC. last
26. Accrding t the passage, which is true abut the ld wman?
A. She wuld give the lunch t her daughter.
B. She ate the lunch when she gt hme
C. She didn’t like the fd frm McDnald’s
27. After the writer learned the stry f the wman, she was ________.
A. angryB. mvedC. surprised
28. What des the article want t tell us?
A. It’s difficult t help everyne in need.
B. A small act f kindness means a lt.
C. Each family has its wn prblems.
8
I wuld never frget what I learned frm the day when I left my junir high schl. On the last day ur teacher tld us smething educatinal that I wuld like t share with yu.
He began by drawing a man standing in the middle f a circle. T make it mre interesting, he drew things like a huse, a schl and a few friends inside the circle.
He asked, “Can anyne tell me what this is?” In a lng silence, ne student decided t express his idea, “The wrld?” The teacher said, “That's clse. This is yur Cmfrt Zne（舒适圈）. Inside yur circle yu have all the things that are imprtant t yu-yur hme, yur family, yur friends and yur jbs. Peple feel that inside this circle they are safe frm any danger.”
“Can anyne tell me what will happen when yu step ut f this circle?” A strng silence came ver the rm. The same student replied, “Yu are afraid.” Anther student said. “Yu may make mistakes.” The silence cntinued and ur teacher smiled and asked, “When yu make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said. “Yu learn smething.”
“Exactly, yu are learning.” Our teacher turned t the blackbard and drew an arrw（箭头）pinting frm the man t the utside f the circle. He went n saying, “When yu leave yur Cmfrt Zne, yu put yurself ut there. The result is that yu learn smething that yu d nt knw t becme a better persn.” He drew a bigger circle arund the riginal（原来的） circle, and added a few new things like mre friends, a big huse, etc.
A lessn frm this stry is that if yu stay inside yur Cmfrt Zne yu will never be able t pen yur eyes t the utside wrld. When yu step ut f yur Cmfrt Zne, yu will make yur circle bigger t challenge yur mind and grw t be strnger, and all in all t be a better persn.
29. The stry happened n ________.
A. the first day f junir high schlB. the last day f junir high schl
C. the first day f senir high schlD. the last day f senir high schl
30. Which f the fllwing is NOT included in the Cmfrt Zne that the teacher drew n the blackbard first?
A. Friends.B. Huse.C. Cars.D. Schl.
31. When peple step ut f the Cmfrt Zne, they will ________ at last.
A. learn smethingB. feel a little afraid
C. begin t make mistakesD. miss their family and friends
32. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. families always get in the way f peple's grwth
B. arrws help peple make mre friends
C. silence in the class means students can think mre
D. stepping ut f Cmfrt Zne can make peple better
参考答案
1
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍几种新科技来告诉我们，现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第三段“It tells yu where the user is n the earth in all weather cnditins”可知，GPS全球定位系统能在任何天气条件下告诉你使用者的确切位置。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s even hped that ne day space technlgy will take humans t their new huses in space”可知，人们希望ISS能把人们带到太空的新家，而不是已经把人们带到了其他星球上。It has carried peple t ther planets“它把人们带到了其他星球”说法错误，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段“It will be used t search fr ancient ships which were destryed int the deep sea during their jurney lng ag”可知，Hercules是一种水下机器人，用来搜寻海中的沉船。lk fr the ancient ships in the sea“在海里寻找远古的船只”符合题意，故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“It’s imprtant fr us t learn abut new technlgy and the rle that it plays in ur lives”，可知短文告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快，只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步，所以对于我们来说学新科技是非常重要的。it’s very imprtant fr us t learn abut new technlgy“学习新科技的重要性”符合文意，故选B。
2
【答案】5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C
【详解】科学家们认为，人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来，甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字。研究人员通过实验得出志愿者的猜出38%正确的名字，只有当一个人经常使用名字时，他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响。
5. 主旨大意题。本篇讲述研究人员通过实验得出人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来，甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字；只有当一个人经常使用名字时，他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响；故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第五段“This kind f face- -name matching happens because f a prcess f self-fulfilling prphecy , as we becme what ther peple expect us t becme,"”可知这种脸和名匹配的发生是因为一个自我实现的预言过程，故选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据第六段“peple tend t think that men named Bb shuld have runder faces because the wrd itself lks rund,”可知人们倾向于认为叫鲍勃的男人应该有更圆的脸；故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The vlunteers were able t guess the right name 38 percent f the time.” 可知志愿者能猜出38%正确的名字；十个中将近猜对四个，概率将近是40%；故选C。
3
【答案】9. D 10. C 11. C 12. A
【详解】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍的是地震的相关事实，地震产生的原因，大地震前后会有余震，地震波及强度的测量。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Earthquakes usually happen n the edges f large sectins f the Earth's plates. . These plates slwly mve ver a lng perid f time. Smetimes the edges, which are called fault lines. can get stuck, but the plates keep mving. Pressure slwly starts t build up where the-edges are stuck and, nce the pressure gets strng enugh, the-plates will suddenly mve causing an earthquake.”可知具体的解释地区板块的大型区域的边缘发生地震的原因。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Scientists dn't really knw if an earthquake is a freshck until the bigger earthquake ccurs”科学家不能确定地知道是否小地震是前震除非有更大的地震发生。可知在更大的地震发生之后，人们可能才会注意到前震的存在。故选C 。
11. 推理判断题。根据图片“3.5-5.4 Felt, hardly causes damage”可知如果发生5.0的地震的话会被感知到，但是几乎不会造成损害。C选项“全家福从墙上掉下来”符合。故选C。
12. 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍的是地震的相关事实，地震产生的原因，大地震前后会有余震，地震波及强度的测量。故选A 。
4
【答案】13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲解了巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历，并在文末介绍了好时巧克力的由来。
13. 词义猜测题。根据后文“The Spanish, hwever, added sugar t make it sweet, and they drank it ht.”可知，西班牙人加糖在巧克力中可知原来的巧克力应是苦的，故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In 1900, the English started putting milk in their chclates is Miltn Hershey. ”可知，Hershey在1900年在巧克力中放牛奶，故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They were places where peple culd meet t drink chclate tgether and talk.”可知“chclate huses”指的是人们可以喝咖啡和聊天的地方，故选D。
16. 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历，即巧克力的发展史，故选C。
5
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. D
【详解】本文主要阐述了父母和孩子之间如何交流沟通以消除代沟问题。
17. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“I’ve heard f many cmplaints frm bth parents and children”可知，父母和孩子都抱怨。故选D。
18. 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Generatin gap means misunderstanding between parents and children.”可知，代沟的含义是指在父母与孩子之间存在“误解”。故选B。
19. 主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“What are the reasns behind the generatin gap?”及下文内容可知，这是本段的主题句，下面的内容都是围绕此句展开的，所以第二段主要告诉我们产生代沟的原因。故选C。
20. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Hw t bridge the generatin gap? Cmmunicatin!”可知，消除代沟的方法是“交流”。故选D。
6
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C
【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannn在暑假做爱心午餐，帮助那些饥饿的人们的故事。
21. 细节理解题。根据文中“He created the nline page with his father as a way t help raise mney fr Lunches f Lve. Dnatins that were received thrugh GFundMe have enabled Liam t buy a better cart (手推车) and make thusands f additinal lunches. Liam als gets help frm friends and vlunteers t make and deliver the lunches.”可知，Liam hannn 在2017年暑假，他和他的父亲还有朋友一起帮助了很多无家可归的人。故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据文中“Liam has anther prject called Legs (乐高) f Lve. Peple send in their ld tys, which are then srted and given t children wh are living at hmeless shelters.”可知，Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。
23. 主旨大意题。根据文中最后一段“One thing is certain: This nw 12-year-ld knws hw t pay it frward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches f Lve is an example f hw even smething as simple as a sandwich can change the wrld.”可知，利亚姆的故事主要告诉我们，简单的帮助可以带来很大的改变。故选C。
7
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B
【详解】文章讲述的是作者带着两个女儿在每周四都去帮助别人，一次帮助别人的经历让她意识到了虽然所做的是小事，但是也对别人产生了很大的影响。
24. 细节理解题。根据“It’s a weekly traditin that my tw little girls and I began years ag. We always g ut in the wrld and d charity (慈善) wrk”可知，作者和她的两个女儿经常去做慈善工作，故选B。
25. 细节理解题。根据“Then we nticed a small ld wman asking fr fd. We handed her ur final lunch bag”可知，这位老妇人是最后得到午餐的，故选C。
26. 推理判断题。根据“Oh, hney, I’m nt ging t eat this lunch. Yu see, I have a little girl. I usually can’t affrd t buy her the fd she enjys. But tnight she will be s happy”可知，老妇人准备把这份午餐留给她的女儿，A表述正确，故选A。
27. 细节理解题。根据“I dn’t knw if the wman nticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes…”可知，听了老人的故事，她很感动，故选B。
28. 主旨大意题。根据“I have questined many times whether ur acts f kindness were t small t make a difference”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。
8
【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D
【详解】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在中学毕业前一天，老师给作者上了一节难忘的课：如果你呆在你的舒适区，你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野。当你走出你的舒适区，你会让你的圈子更大，挑战你的思想，变得更强大，总而言之，成为一个更好的人。
29. 细节理解题。根据文中第一段“I wuld never frget what I learned frm the day when I left my junir high schl. On the last day ur teacher tld us smething educatinal that I wuld like t share with yu.”可知当我要离开中学时，老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课。可见，是初中的最后一天。故选B。
30. 细节理解题。根据文中第三段“This is yur Cmfrt Zne. Inside yur circle yu have all the things that are imprtant t yu—yur hme, yur family, yur friends and yur jbs. Peple feel that inside this circle they are safe frm any danger.”舒适圈里是你的房子，你的家，你的朋友和职业。人们在舒适圈里觉得很安全。可知，学校也是舒适圈里的，所以不包括车。故选C。
31. 细节理解题。根据文中第四段“The silence cntinued and ur teacher smiled and asked,“When yu make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said, “Yu learn smething.””可知在你犯错之后是学习。可见走出舒适圈是你在学习。故选A。
32. 主旨大意题。根据文中第六段“When yu step ut f yur Cmfrt Zne, yu will make yur circle bigger t challenge yur mind and grw t be strnger, and all in all t be a better persn.”可知当你走出舒适圈，你在调整自己变成更强大的人，总之是更好的人。可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈，成为更好的人。故选D。