中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习语篇理解之词句猜测题精读精练 (含详解)

这是一份中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习语篇理解之词句猜测题精读精练 (含详解)，共21页。
考点复习
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英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：（1）旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianaplis race curse, where the natin’s mst famus car race is held each year n May 30th.我们学过 curse的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 curse是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 curse在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成词、转化词与派生词，如shplifting，heartbrken，cmputer-literate，decisin-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景（5）超纲生词。
猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是中考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
The underlined wrd “…” in the secnd(third…) paragraph refers t(means) ______.
By saying “…” in the first(secnd…) paragraph, the authr means that ______.
In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
The meaning f “…” in paragraph… is related t ______.
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t…(paragraph…)?
The underlined sentence in the … paragraph prbably means that _____.
【应试技巧】
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
【答案】B
【详解】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组cme ut 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或r连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Therem（定理）, first put frward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the therem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French wman scientists wh made a majr advance in wrking ut the prblem, and wh had t dress like a man in rder t be able t study at the Ecle Plytechnique. …
65. Which f the fllwing best explains the meaning f the wrd “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. T encurage peple t raise questins.
B. T cause difficulty in understanding.
C. T prvide a persn with an explanatin.
D. T limit peple’s imaginatin.
【答案】B
【详解】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词ht and cld, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun, accrding t Beth Anacleri, an Evastn mther f tw, ages 4 and 18 mnths. …
74.What des the underlined wrd “hassle” prbably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thught.
C. A situatin causing difficulty r truble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【详解】根据前句的否定desn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, truble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来中考考查的热点。
【典例示例】
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man？He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining，and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives，he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes，and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
……
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. End ne’s struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run ut f steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic prduce is always better, ” Gld said. “The fd is free f pesticides (农药), and yu are generally supprting family farms instead f large farms. And mre ften than nt it is lcally (本地)grwn and seasnal, s it is mre tasty.” Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying int the rganic trend, and supermarkets acrss Britain are cunting n mre like him as they grw their rganic fd business.
62. What is the meaning f “the rganic trend” as the wrds are used in the text?
A. Grwing interest in rganic fd.
B. Better quality f rganic fd.
C. Rising market fr rganic fd.
D. Higher prices f rganic fd.
【答案】A
【详解】由Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying smething可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gld一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：thugh, althugh, still, but, yet, instead, instead f, hwever, while, n the cntrary, n the ther hand, unlike, rather than, fr ne thing, fr anther等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…Hwever bvius these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually nt s bvius as they seem except when we take special pains t think abut the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” prbably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take ur time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【详解】由Hwever从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was n the way t a persnal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I gt nt Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) ging, I fell in behind a gld Pntiac Firebird that suddenly seemed t take ff quickly dwn the highway. The driver smehw panicked at the sight f me. He was ging mre than a hundred miles an hur and began passing cars n the shulder.”
63. The meaning f “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related t ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【详解】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。
知识强化
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一、阅读单选
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Sme peple think that singing can lift ur spirits (精神). There are sme ther peple wh dn’t think s. They dn’t like singing and they say singing can never make them happy. I dn’t agree with that. I think singing can make us feel gd. Of curse they can lift ur spirits. Let me tell yu mre abut that.
Sme researchers nce did sme surveys and have prved that is true. Singing can bring numbers f health benefits (益处). If yu sing with yur friends, the effects may be even better.
Jhn Lennn is a retired prfessr f vcal (音的) perfrmance at Empria State University. He says, “Singing is an inbrn (天生的) need. Babies sing t themselves and they seem s happy. Like babies, when we sing, we feel s gd and singing makes us feel happy. I like singing and I am happy every day.”
Music is a part f human nature. And singing is a frm f expressin that is understd by everyne. Sme peple say that music is like a kind f language. The language can shw peple’s pinins and attitudes (态度) t their life. Sme sngs can cheer peple up when they are in truble. Sme sngs can make peple happy and excited. That’s why the Vice f China is ppular amng peple.
1. What can singing bring?
A. Health benefits.B. Mental prblems.C. Happiness and wealth.D. Sme pressure.
2. What des the underlined wrd expressin prbably mean in Chinese.
A. 表达B. 表情C. 运动D. 放松
3. Why is the Vice f China ppular?
A. Because all the singers are gd at singing and dancing.
B. Because sme sngs make peple happy and excited.
C. Because all the singers lk nice in fashinable clthes.
D. Because the sngs are written by the singers themselves.
4. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Everyne thinks singing can lift ur spirits.
B. There are sme peple wh dn’t like singing.
C. If yu sing in a grup, the effects may be wrse.
D. Babies never sing t themselves.
5. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. The imprtance f musicB. The histry f music
C. Peple’s health prblemsD. The benefits f singing
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Fr a lng time being, happy was cnsidered smething that just happened, and there was nthing special abut it. Nw we knw that getting alng with ther peple is smething that we can wrk at. It is pssible t act in such a way that ther peple will like us better. One way is being unselfish, nt wanting everything frm ur friends. Anther way is t lk fr gd pints, nt bad nes in ther peple. It is surprising hw successful this treasure (珍宝) hunt can be.
Yu dn’t have t be spineless (没有骨气的) in rder t be ppular. In fact, yu will be liked and respected if yu are nt afraid t stand up fr yur rights. But d it plitely and pleasantly. Being friendly and plite t yur grup, t ther peple and t strangers and especially t thse wh d nt lk imprtant r d nt interest yu is ne way t develp a gd character.
Yu can nt expect t be perfect, and yu must learn nt t be unhappy when yu make mistakes. Everyne makes mistakes, and n ne is t be blamed (责备) unless he refuses t learn frm them. Many yung peple becme discuraged when they knw in themselves qualities that they d nt like-selfishness, laziness, and ther unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have sme f these faults and have t fight against them.
At the same time, it is imprtant t remember that, while yu are prbably n wrse than thers, the best way t be happy is t think yurself abve ther peple. When smething is wrng, it is gd sense t try t make it right. Perhaps yu dn’t like a teacher r a classmate. Try t see why and lk at yurself, t, t be sure that yu are nt ding anything t make that persn dislikes yu. Sme day, things may turn ut all right and then yu will have t learn t get alng the best with situatin, withut thinking t much abut it. Wrrying never helps in a situatin yu can’t change.
6. One f the tw ways, the authr suggested fr us t get alng with thers is ________.
A. t lk fr treasure t be successfulB. t draw much attentin f ur friends
C. t ask fr the best share f everythingD. t pay mre attentin t thers’ advantages
7. Accrding t the passage, if ne wants t be ppular, ne has t ________.
A. be plite and friendlyB. give up sme rights
C. praise ther pepleD. be ready t change himself
8. The passage infers (暗示) that in rder t be a happy persn, ne shuld cnsider neself ________.
A. n better than thersB. be able t change a bad situatin
C. nt the same as thersD. be able t find thers t help yu
9. What des the underlined “faults” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. 优点B. 缺点C. 问题D. 困惑
10. The purpse fr the writer t write the passage is t ________.
A. help yu t be perfect in yur lifeB. tell yu hw t act in new situatins
C. shw yu sme ways t be happyD. teach yu hw t be ppular at schl
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Have yu ever wndered if yu see the same clrs as ther peple? Mst peple knw what blue is when they see it. They see the clr and call it “blue” because they were taught the wrd and cnnected it with what they saw. But hw d yu knw what yu see as blue isn’t smene else’s red?
The ability t see clrs depends n receptrs (感受器) in ur eyes. Light waves hit these receptrs which will send infrmatin t the brain. The brain then deals with the infrmatin t make sure which clr light the eyes are receiving. Sme peple’s receptrs are mre develped than thers. Peple with weaker receptrs usually have clr blindness. That the receptr can’t translate the light waves crrectly means sme peple cannt tell different shades f a clr.
In the past, mst scientists argued that everyne saw clrs in the same way. Hwever, research was dne n mnkeys, in which they were injected (注射) with a virus t influence their receptrs. This made them understand mre abut clrs than usual and brught an interesting discvery. Nrmally, mnkeys can nly see blue and green, but the virus allwed mnkeys t see red. Their brains were made t be able t understand new clrs, which might mean the brains are nt instinctive (本能的) t understand which clr is which. This shws that ur brains may get used t new infrmatin depending n what they receive during the develpment. Clr culd be a very persnal experience t everyne.
S, the next time yu talk abut yur favrite clr, just remember if yurs is blue and yur friend says red, yu might actually be thinking abut the same clr. What if everyne in the wrld has the same favrite clr, but just calls it different names.
11. Which is TRUE abut peple wh have clr blindness frm paragraph 2?
A. They cannt see light at all.B. They have develped receptrs.
C. They can’t tell clrs crrectly.D. They can’t see any clrs.
12. What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t in paragraph 3?
A. ScientistsB. ReceptrsC. MnkeysD. Brains
13. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage.
A. Mnkeys can nly see tw clrs at any time.
B. Our brains can understand clrs instinctively.
C. Everyne has the same experience abut a clr.
D. The same clr might be given different names.
14. What’s the passage mainly abut ?
A. It tells peple that different clrs have different names.
B. Peple call a clr blue because that’s hw they were taught.
C. It mainly explains why peple see the same clr differently.
D. One’s favrite clr is different frm that f anther ne’s.
15. Where can yu prbably find this passage?.
A. A science fictin.B. A science magazine.C. A stry bk.D. A guide bk.
4
Hw are yu feeling tday? If yur head is uncmfrtable because f a bad night’s sleep, r yu’ve just gt t much t d, the chances are yu’re nt in the best f feelings. If everything seems like an effrt and yu have a negative(消极的) pinin, the last thing yu want t be tld is t “be psitive!” But having this mindset culd get mre advantages than yu think.
Of curse, develping a psitive(积极的) pinin is easier said than dne. When yu’re feeling dwn, it is hard t be ptimistic(乐观的). But a study in the US has fund that peple wh are ptimists are mre likely t live lnger than thse wh have a mre negative pinin t life. It shwed the pssibility f psitive peple living t the age f 85 r mre. S, maybe the thught f a lnger life might encurage yu t be mre psitive t life.
The study fund that ptimists may find it easier t cntrl feelings and get less stressed. And as stress influences the immune system(免疫系统), it’s pssible that ptimists deal better with illness. Prfessr Lee, wh wrked n the study, said, “Our findings suggest that raising levels f ptimism may lead t lnger life and healthier ageing.” And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) culd get better frm ding things like imagining a future where everything turns ut well.
But a glass half empty type f persn can hardly see the wrld thrugh hpeful glasses. If yu’re the ne amng them, what culd yu d? Accepting that we all have prblems and we’re nt all the same can help. It’s best t celebrate the psitives and nt think abut the negative parts f ur lives.
Peple have been sharing their persnal advice n keeping a psitive way t life. Vicki Siska says, “Music feeds my sul, and I have gd friends wh care fr me.” The saying ges that “a healthy bdy leads a healthy mind” which is perhaps why ther peple have advised ding deep thinking as well as staying healthy t help keep a psitive pinin abut life.
16. Frm Paragraphs 1 & 2, we can learn that ________.
A. negative pinins lead t bad endingsB. being psitive isn’t as easy as we thught
C. “be psitive” is enjyed by pessimistsD. ptimistic peple like t have a lng life
17. Accrding t Paragraph 3, the study fund that ________.
A. ptimists usually get mre stressedB. pessimists are impssible t live lng
C. ptimists are easy t develp illnessD. psitive imagining is gd fr pessimists
18. The underlined part “glass half empty” in Paragraph 4 prbably means ________.
A. negativeB. strngC. helpfulD. utging
19. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. The study fund that pessimists culd live t be 85 r a higher age.
B. Optimists are seldm ill because they have a gd immune system.
C. Pessimists are thse unlucky peple wh always have prblems.
D. Psitive pinins abut life might lead t gd physical health.
20. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. t have a lng lifeB. t treat life psitively
C. the imprtance f healthD. what ptimists and pessimists are
5
Elephants are the largest land animals alive tday. African elephants live in family grups called herds. All f the elephants in the herd take care f each ther. The leader f the herd is an ld mther elephant. She is the matriarch. A herd may have as few as eight r as many as 100 elephants. The ther elephants fllw the matriarch because she knws hw t guard the family if danger appears. Adult male elephants g ff t live n their wn and start families.
Elephants learn by watching and cpying ther elephants, and frm life. Baby elephants stay with their mthers until they are fully grwn at abut ten years ld. Elephants live t be 50 r 60 years ld. Elephants are intelligent animals with lng memries. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was fund in the past. The herd will fllw her there. She can als remember the safest place fr baby elephants t crss a fast-mving river.
Elephants talk t each ther with lw rumbling sunds. Sme rumbling sunds are s deep that peple are unable t hear them. Elephants hear sunds with their ears, the sles f their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻). They als greet each ther by tuching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mthers flap their ears t call their babies t them.
Other animals d nt usually attack(袭击) elephants. Hwever, a lin might try t attack a sick elephant r a baby. If this happens, everyne is n guard. The adult elephants circle arund the baby elephants. The adults make lud trumpeting sunds and hit the grund with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lin and the herd. She flaps her ears ut t make herself lk even larger. Then she lwers her head and charges the enemy in a big clud f dust.
21. Accrding t Paragraphs 1 & 2, the matriarch ________.
A. prtects the herdB. just fllws the herd
C. drinks water alneD. is the ldest elephant
22. Which f the fllwing prbably best explains “spell” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Magician.B. Predictin.C. Perid.D. Ability.
23. Accrding t Paragraph 3, hw d elephants cmmunicate with each ther?
A. Peple can hear all the sunds f elephants.
B. Elephants can hear each ther nly with ears.
C. Elephants greet each ther by flapping ears.
D. Elephants’ trunks can be used t cmmunicate.
24. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. N elephants take care f baby elephants at the time f danger.
B. Baby elephants stay with their mthers as lng as they want.
C. A matriarch can find the water because f the lng memry.
D. When a lin attacks, adult elephants circle arund the matriarch.
25. What’s the best title f the text?
A. A Baby And A Matriarch.B. An Elephant Herd.
C. A Lin And An Elephant.D. An Elephant Matriarch.
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Our schl held many activities last week. We called it Rad Safety Week. One f the educatinal activities was a speech given by a plice fficer. He shared smething abut the rad safety. Here are sme imprtant pints abut his speech.
Mst traffic accidents shuldn’t happen. They happen because peple are careless. A frequent cause (原因) f traffic accidents is speed. Sme peple drive t fast. This means that if they have t stp suddenly, they cannt stp quickly enugh t avid (避免) hitting thers. Yu need t remember this when yu are crssing the street r walking alng the sidewalk (人行道).
It’s nt nly drivers wh cause accidents. Hwever, peple n ft-pedestrians (行人) , and bicycle riders ften cause accidents, t. Pedestrians smetimes walk ut int the street withut lking. Yu shuld always lk n bth sides befre stepping int the street.
D any f yu ride a bike? Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directins suddenly r withut warning ther rad users. Befre yu turn left, fr example, yu shuld check behind yu t make sure there aren’t any cars, trucks r buses cming. Yu shuld shw with yur left hand t tell that yu want t turn left. Yu shuld nt turn until the street is clear.
The rules f the rad are very simple. If we learn them and bey (遵守) them, we shuld nt have accidents any mre. There were mre ther activities in Rad Safety Week. I hpe every student culd learn smething.
26. Mst traffic accidents shuldn’t happen if ________.
A. peple are mre carefulB. peple dn’t knw the rules
C. peple crss the streets quicklyD. peple stp their cars suddenly
27. The underlined wrd “frequent” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.
A. 自由的B. 罕见的C. 频繁的D. 所有的
28. What shuldn’t the riders d when riding bikes n the street?
A. Making sure there aren’t any cars cming.
B. Warning ther rad users befre crssing the street.
C. Shwing with yur right hand t tell that yu want t turn right.
D. Changing directins suddenly r withut warning ther rad users.
29. Frm the plice fficer’s speech, we can learn the fllwing except that (除了) ________.
A. riding bikes is the mst dangerus
B. it’s nt nly drivers wh cause traffic accidents
C. sme peple have accidents because they drive t quickly
D. beying the rules f the rad may stp yu frm having accidents
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title f this passage?
A. Safety FirstB. Rad Safety Week
C. Hw t Keep SafeD. A Discussin abut Safety
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Once upn a time, there was a yung man called Dn. One day, Dn caught a large fish. As he was abut t sell the fish, the fish suddenly started saying, “Please dn’t kill me!” Dn thught t himself, “I must be dreaming! Hw can a fish talk?” The fish carried n, “Yu aren’t dreaming. I can read yur mind. If yu set me free, I’ll grant yu three wishes.” Dn hesitated (犹豫) fr a while, but put the fish back t the sea later n.
Dn cntinued his life as a fisherman just like befre. One day, he walked past a pr village after fishing. Sme children were sitting in frnt f their ld and brken huse. They had been hungry fr days. Dn quickly tk ut all his fish t them. He wished he culd have mre fd fr them. Suddenly, a lt f delicius fd appeared n the table. While the children were sleeping after the big meal, Dn saw that their clthes were t ld. Dn thught, “I hpe they can have new clthes and I hpe they can have new furniture s that they can live cmfrtably.” Suddenly, the clthes n the children became new and clean. The furniture in the huse became new and cmfrtable, t.
Dn remembered what the fish tld him. “That fish kept its wrd …” he said t himself.
31. What did Dn d fr a living?
A. He caught fish.B. He cked fish.C. He made furniture.D. He made clthes.
32. What des the underlined wrd “grant” mean in Chinese?
A. 拒绝B. 制定C. 支持D. 答应
33. The fish said, “… I can read yur mind.” What did it mean?
A. The fish culd read.B. The fish culd speak.
C. The fish knew what Dn was thinking.D. The fish understd what Dn was saying.
34. Which f the fllwing statements abut the children is NOT true?
A. They had been hungry fr days.B. Their huse was ld and brken.
C. They had nt slept fr a lng time.D. They did nt have mney t buy new clthes.
35. Which is the BEST title fr the passage?
A. Dn’t kill a fishB. A fish’s three wishes
C. A rich fisherman and a fishD. The fisherman’s three wishes
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Yu might feel full after having a big meal. But yu may actually suffer frm “hidden hunger”. This means that what yu eat may fill yur stmach, but it’s nt giving yu the prper nutritin that yur bdy needs.
This happens when fd lacks the vitamins and minerals peple need t stay healthy, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO).
At present, “hidden hunger” affects 2 billin peple wrldwide, including 300 millin peple in China. It is mst cmmnly seen amng children and teenagers and can result in bad immune system, blindness r even death, China News Service reprted.
Many Chinese peple dn’t get enugh irn, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D. One main reasn is that agricultural prducts dn’t have much f these nutrients. Over 40 percent f China’s farmland is lst its vitamins and minerals, lwering the nutritinal value f the crps that grw n it, accrding t Xinhua.
Many f the prcessed fds that peple enjy eating tday, such as chips, burgers and ckies, have made the situatin wrse. Vitamins and minerals area easily lst when these fds are prcessed. Peple’s Daily nted.
The human bdy needs 16 kinds f minerals, including irn and calcium, and 13 kinds f vitamins, including vitamins A and D, t stay healthy. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin and allw yur bnes t grw prperly. Minerals are imprtant fr maintaining bld pressure and making new cells.
In respnse, China’s gvernment has created several actin plans t imprve public health, as well as develp and prmte nutritius fds.
Eating mre fresh nutritin—rich fd like vegetables, whle grains and dairy can help us stay healthy. Fr vegetables like carrts and brccli, biling and steaming can better preserve their nutritin when cmpared t frying them, CNN suggests.
36. “Hidden hunger” happens when ________.A. what yu eat include sme fresh nutritin—rich fd like vegetables.
B. what yu eat can’t give yu the prper nutritin yur bdy need.
C. what yu eat fills yur stmach but yu still feel hungry.
D. what yu eat isn’t a big meal.
37. Which ne is nt the reasn why peple can’t get prper nutritin?
A. Peple eat t much prcessed fds such as chips, burgers and ckies.
B. Over 40 percent f China’s farmland is lsing its vitamins and minerals.
C. Children and teenagers are in bad immune system.
D. Sme agricultural prducts dn’t have much.
38. The underlined wrd “prcessed” means ________.
A. 污染的B. 加工的C. 出口的D. 改进的
39. Accrding t the text, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Vitamins may cause blindness.
B. Vitamins include irn and calcium.
C. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin.
D. Vitamins are hardly lst when fds are prcessed.
40. The passage prbably may be taken frm ________.
A. a shpping psterB. a science reprtC. a guidebkD. a health magazine
参考答案
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1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐带给人们好处，可以使人们精神愉悦，摆脱困境等。
1. 细节理解题。根据文中“Singing can bring numbers f health benefits (益处).”可知，唱歌能带来许多健康的好处。故选A。
2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“Sme peple say that music is like a kind f language. The language can shw peple’s pinins and attitudes (态度) t their life.”可猜测出，下划线单词“expressin”的汉语意思应是“表达”。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文中“Sme sngs can make peple happy and excited. That’s why the Vice f China is ppular amng peple.”可知，中国好声音如此受欢迎是因为有些歌曲让人们开心和兴奋。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据文中“They dn’t like singing and they say singing can never make them happy.”可知，有些人不喜欢唱歌是正确的。故选B。
5. 最佳标题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Singing can bring numbers f health benefits (益处).”可知，文章最佳标题应是“唱歌的好处”。故选D。
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6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【详解】我们一向以为快乐仅仅是指刚发生的事情会让我们感到快乐，但事实上与别人保持好的关系可以让我们一直保持良好的心情。本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法。
6. 细节理解题。根据“One way is being unselfish, nt wanting everything frm ur friends. Anther way is t lk fr gd pints, nt bad nes in ther peple.”可知，一种方法是无私，不要想从朋友那里得到一切；另一种方法是在别人身上寻找优点，而不是缺点。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据“Being friendly and plite t yur grup…”可知，作者建议对团队友好礼貌，故选A。
8. 推理判断题。根据“At the same time, it is imprtant t remember that, while yu are prbably n wrse than thers, the best way t be happy is t think yurself abve ther peple. When smething is wrng, it is gd sense t try t make it right.”可知，与此同时，重要的是要记住，虽然你可能不比别人差，但让自己快乐的最好方法是认为自己比别人高；当某件事出错时，努力改正是明智的。选项B“能够改变糟糕的状况”与之相符，故选B。
9. 词义猜测题。分析“Just remember that we all have sme f these faults and have t fight against them.”可知，我们每个人都有一些这样的缺点，我们必须与它们作斗争，所以此处faults的意思是“缺点”，故选B。
10. 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法，故选C。
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11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【详解】本文介绍了同一种颜色在你的眼中和别人的眼中是不同的原因。
11. 推理判断题。根据“Peple with weaker receptrs usually have clr blindness. That the receptr can’t translate the light waves crrectly means sme peple cannt tell different shades f a clr.”可知，色盲的人无法正确地辨别颜色，故选C。
12. 词义猜测题。根据“In the past, mst scientists argued that everyne saw clrs in the same way.”可知，过去，大多数科学家认为每个人看颜色的方式都是一样的。因此通过研究，科学家能更好地了解颜色，故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据“What if everyne in the wrld has the same favrite clr, but just calls it different names.”可知，同样的颜色可能被赋予不同的名称。故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。根据“But hw d yu knw what yu see as blue isn’t smene else’s red?”和“What if everyne in the wrld has the same favrite clr, but just calls it different names.”可知，本文主要解释了为什么人们对同一种颜色的看法不同。故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据“But hw d yu knw what yu see as blue isn’t smene else’s red?”可知，此处解释为什么你眼中的蓝色可能会是别人眼中的红色，因此属于科学知识，摘自科学杂志，故选B。
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16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。
16. 推理判断题。根据第一、二两段内容和“Of curse, develping a psitive(积极的) pinin is easier said than dne. When yu’re feeling dwn, it is hard t be ptimistic(乐观的).”可知，保持积极心态并不像我们想象的那么容易，故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据“And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) culd get better frm ding things like imagining a future where everything turns ut well.”可知，悲观主义者可以做一些事情，比如想象一个一切都好起来的未来。选项D“积极的想象对悲观主义者是有好处的”与之相符，故选D。
18. 词义猜测题。分析“And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) culd get better frm ding things like imagining a future where everything turns ut well.”和“But a glass half empty type f persn can hardly see the wrld thrugh hpeful glasses.”可知，半杯空的人很难透过充满希望的眼镜看世界，此处 glass half empty指的是“悲观的”，故选A。
19. 推理判断题。根据“But a study in the US has fund that peple wh are ptimists are mre likely t live lnger”可知，美国的一项研究发现，乐观的人更有可能活得更长。故选D。
20. 主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。选项B“积极对待生活”符合主题，故选B。
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21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B
【详解】短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。
21. 细节理解题。根据“The ther elephants fllw the matriarch because she knws hw t guard the family if danger appears.”可知，其他大象跟着母象，因为她知道在危险出现时如何保护家庭。故选A。
22. 词句猜测题。根据“Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was fund in the past.”可知，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。此处spell是“时期”的含义，故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据“Elephants talk t each ther with lw rumbling sunds…Elephants hear sunds with their ears, the sles f their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻).”可知，大象用低沉的声音相互交谈，大象也可以用耳朵、脚底、甚至用鼻子听声音。故选D。
24. 推理判断题。根据“Elephants are intelligent animals with lng memries. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was fund in the past.”可知，大象是聪明的动物，记忆力很好，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。故选C。
25. 最佳标题题。短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。选项B“象群”符合主题，故选B。
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26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C
【详解】本文是在学校道路安全周时，一位警察在学校就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点。
26. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mst traffic accidents shuldn’t happen. They happen because peple are careless. ”可知，大多数交通事故的发生是因为人们的粗心，也就是说如果人们更加小心的话，这些事故就不会发生了，A选项符合题意。故选A。
27. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Mst traffic accidents……”可知，此段在讲的是大多数的交通事故，由此可猜测，这里的原因也应是大多数事故的共性，也就是常见的原因，C选项与此表达类似。故选C。
28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directins suddenly r withut warning ther rad users. ”可知，骑自行车的人可能会因为突然改变方向或不警告其他道路使用者而造成事故，所以这应是骑自行车的人在路上不应该做的事情。故选D。
29. 细节理解题。提及骑自行车的安全知识主要在文章第四段出现，但是第四段并未表达过“骑自行车是最危险的”的意思，所以从警察的演讲中我们不能了解到这点。故选A。
30. 最佳标题题。本文主要是一位警察就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点，这些要点中警察教会我们如何遵守道路规则，也就是教我们如何保障自己的安全。故选C。
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31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. D
【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个渔民Dn捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Dn放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。
31. 细节理解题。根据文中“Dn cntinued his life as a fisherman just like befre.”可知，Dn以捕鱼为生，故选A。
32. 词句猜测题。根据前句“If yu set me free,”可猜测出，下划线单词“grant”的汉语意思应是“答应”。故选D。
33. 推理判断题。根据文中“Dn thught t himself, “I must be dreaming! Hw can a fish talk?” The fish carried n, “Yu aren’t dreaming.”可推断出，“I can read yur mind.”的意思应是鱼知道Dn在想什么。故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据文中“While the children were sleeping after the big meal, Dn saw that their clthes were t ld.”可知，他们很久没睡觉了是不正确的。故选C。
35. 最佳标题题。短文主要讲述了一个渔民Dn捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Dn放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。故最佳标题应是“渔夫的三个愿望”。故选D。
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36. B 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“隐性饥饿”的含义、成因以及一些解决方法；因为“隐性饥饿”影响了全球两百万人的健康，所以政府也在努力采取措施改善这一问题。
36. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This happens when fd lacks the vitamins and minerals peple need t stay healthy…”可知，当食物缺少人体所需的维生素和矿物质时，也就是说当人们吃的东西不能给身体提供所需的适当营养时，人们就会遭受“隐性饥饿”。故选B。
37. 细节理解题。根据第四段“One main reasn is that agricultural prducts dn’t have much f these nutrients. Over 40 percent f China’s farmland is lst its vitamins and minerals…”和第五段“Vitamins and minerals area easily lst when these fds are prcessed.”可知，“农产品中没有太多营养物质”，“中国40%以上的农田失去了维生素和矿物质”以及“食品在加工过程中容易丢失维生素和矿物质”都会导致人们不能得到足够的营养，只有C选项不是其中的原因。故选C。
38. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“…such as chips, burgers and ckies…”可知，作为例子的薯条、汉堡和饼干都属于加工过的食品，所以画线处的单词意为“加工的”。故选B。
39. 细节理解题。根据第六段“Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin…”可知，维生素有助于保持眼睛和皮肤健康，C选项符合原文表达。故选C。
40. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了与人体健康有关的“隐性饥饿”，由此可知此文章可能出自健康杂志。故选D。Wrd Banknutritin 营养 immune system 免疫系统 prmte 推广 preserve 保留