牛津译林版英语八年级上册8A U8 知识点校对版（可直接打印）

8A Unit 8  Natural disasters!Comic strip＆Welcome to the unitI was sleeping when it started to rain. 当天开始下雨的时候，我正在睡觉。wake sb up 叫醒某人mop up the water 擦干水Didn't you hear the rain? 难道你没有听见下雨（的声音）吗？1)该句为否定疑问句，汉语中常译作“难道……不……吗？对否定疑问句的回答，要根据实际情况来回答。 - Isn't the boy very clever? 这个男孩难道不是很聪明吗？ - Yes，he is．不，他很聪明。 - No，he isn't.是的，他不是很聪明。 (    )①- Don't you know him?       -_______.I never see him.    A. Yes, I do     B. No, I do     C. Yes, I don't     D. No, I don't 2)listen (to)与hear的区别是什么？  listen (to)的意思是集中注意力尽量听清楚，强调听的过程，后面不紧跟听的内容时用listen，如紧跟听的内容则用listen to; hear强调听的结果，指声音传进了耳朵。  (    )②If you_______ the teacher carefully, you can_______ every word clearly.listen; hear     B. listen to; hear.         C. hear; hear     D. listen to; listen tocrash into 撞上wash away 冲走hear about = hear of 听说           hear from sb 收到某人的来信catch fire 着火  make fire 生火 ReadingI was sleeping when the earthquake started. 地震发生时，我正在睡觉。at first 起初I felt a slight shake. 我感到一阵轻微的晃动。   shake hands with sb 与某人握手People screamed in fear. 人们恐惧地尖叫着。in fear 恐惧地       in fear of  害怕……，担心……   in danger 处在危险中    in trouble 处于麻烦中   out of danger 脱险  out of trouble 摆脱麻烦 run out of the building 跑出大楼try one’s best to dos th 尽某人最大努力去做某事in all directions  四面八方 come down 表示“倒塌”，是不及物动词词组。not ... at all 一点也不...，根本不....I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我不知道是否还有其他人在我身边。（宾语从句，从句部分需要用陈述语序）feel/be nervous about...   对...感到紧张My heart is beating fast. 我的心脏在快速跳动着。be trapped in   被困住了say to oneself 自言自语 A moment of fear went through my mind. 片刻的恐惧闪过我的脑海 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 calm down 冷静下来Since l was still alive.  既然我还活着。（表语）He is the only man alive. 他是唯一一个活着的人。（后置定语）living things 生物shout/scream/cry for help 喊救命find one’s way out 找出路move away 搬开feel sleepy 感到昏昏欲睡的               fall asleep 陷入沉睡 Grammarsee sb do sth 看见某人做某事（经常做）   see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事wait for sb 等待某人break down  出故障take photos 拍照片fall over 摔倒 Integrated skills＆Study skillsas soon as possible = as soon as I can 尽可能快   as much as possible = as much as I can 尽可能多   as often as possible = as often as I can 尽可能经常cover…with…  用……覆盖……   …be covered with…   ……被……覆盖着protect sb. from thick smoke 保护某人免受浓烟的伤害the building on fire 着火的大楼follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则learn from 从……中了解到……stay away from = keep away from 远离...Do you know what to do first when we burn ourselves? 当我们烧伤时，你知道首先怎么做吗？have a toothache 牙痛 TaskA snowstorm hit Beijing. 一场暴风雪袭击了北京。hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事（经常）   hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事heavy rain        heavy snow           strong windclear the snow 清除积雪 语法：过去进行时1．定义过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一段时问一直在进行的动作。2．构成过去进行时由‘‘助动词be的过去式was／were+现在分词”构成。如： The boy was cleaning the house．那个男孩正在打扫房子。They were playing football at four yesterday afternoon． 昨天下午四点他们在踢足球。 3．句式变化(1)一般疑问句及回答变成一般疑问句时应将was或were移到句首。如： 一Was it raining at 6 0’clock this morning? 一Yes，it was．／No，it wash’t．--Were they building a dam last winter? --Yes，they were．／No，they weren’t． (2)否定句    ．肯定句变成否定句时在was／were后加not，was not常缩写为wasn’t，were not常缩写为weren’t。如：My brother was not／wasn’t playing computer game last night. 昨天晚上我弟弟不在玩电脑游戏。We were not／weren’t shopping at this time yesterday．昨天这个时候我们不在购物。4．用法(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个时间短语或时间状语从句来表明。如：I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in．老师进来时，我正在画马。(2)表示过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作。如：Mv father was watching TV from seven to eight last night．昨天晚上七点到八点我爸爸在看电视。(3)有些动词通常不用进行时。主要有：表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。部分连系动词，如seem、appear等。 感官动词，如see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste等。短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。when，while和as的用法1．when，while和as这三个词均有“当……时候”的意思，而且都可以引导时间状语从句。when和as既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的；while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。即：指一段时间时，when、while和as都可用；指某一点时间时，只能用when或as，不能用while。如：When／As he woke up，it was eight o'clock．他醒来的时候，时间是八点钟。When／As／While 1 was waiting for a bus，I met her．我在等公共汽车的时候，遇到了她。2．when引导的从句的谓语动词动作可以在主句谓语动词动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须和主句谓语动词动作同时发生。如：When he finished his homework，he played the computer games for a while．当他完成作业后，他玩了会儿电脑游戏。(finished先发生)When I got to the museum，the door was closed．当我到达博物馆时，大门已经关上了。(got to后发生)While／As I was sleeping，the telephone rang．当我在睡觉的时候，电话响了。(was sleeping和rang同时发生)3．当主句、从句动作同时发生且从句动作为延续性动词时，when、while和as都可使用。如：When／while／As we were reading，a stranger came in．当我们在看书时，一位陌生人走了进来。(read为延续性动词)4．强调两个动作同时进行，常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。如：They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill．我们在爬山时，他们在划船。5．强调某个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行，常用“一般过去时+while+过去进行时”结构。如：It began to rain heavily while we were having dinner．我们在吃晚饭时，开始下起大雨。6．强调某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，常用“过去进行时+when十一般过去时”结构。如：I was walking in the street when he called me．我正在街上走时，他给我打电话了。7．当主句、从句动作同时进行时，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as有“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。如：As years go by，China is getting richer and stronger．随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。The little girls sang as they played．   小姑娘们一边玩，一边唱。