【备考2023】高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）——热点练11 语法填空

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 热点11 语法填空
语法填空旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，体现了语言测试的交际性原则。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。
1.给出提示词的考查内容包括：词性转换（如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换）；名词单、复数变化；形容词和副词的比较等级变化；动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。
2.不给出提示词的考查内容包括：根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、代词及介词等。









（一）不给出提示词填空题的解题技巧
1. 如果句子缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。
【考例】 When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop ignoring me， he says， “In a minute，” but still checks to see if 38 has posted something new on the internet.
解析： someone/somebody。宾语从句中缺主语，根据句意可知应填someone/somebody。
2. 名词前面若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能填限定词。
【考例】 The adobe dwellings（土坯房） built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers.
解析： the。形容词最高级前加the。
3. 如果句子不缺主语、表语或宾语，在名词或代词前面一般填介词。
【考例】 In India， for example， most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
解析： with。with+表示具体工具的名词，意为“用……”。
4. 若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词，则可能填连词。

【考例】 In much of Asia， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan， Korea， 41 Vietnam， food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
解析： and。此处列举了一些亚洲国家，它们之间是并列关系。
5. 若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号、破折号或句号，一般填并列连词或从属连词。
（1）并列句
【考例】 It was time for her to have a new baby， 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
解析： and。此处两个分句之间为并列关系，故使用and。
（2）名词性从句
【考例】 Eventually， I decided to follow her and 26 happened truly amazed me.
解析： what。连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。
（3）定语从句
【考例】 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析： when。先行词the mid-1980s指时间且定语从句中不缺少主干成分，缺少狀语，故用关系副词when来引导。
（4）状语从句
【考例】 Over time， 45 the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
解析： as/when。as/when引导时间状语从句。
6. 若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能填情态动词或表示强调或疑问的助动词（do， does， did等）。
【考例】 Remember， however， that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is， you 51 always rely just on the Internet for your research.
解析： shouldn’t。由前文“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知，空格处应填情态动词shouldn’t，表示“不应该”。
【考例】 Then the driver stoop up and asked， “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”

解析：Did。本句为一般疑问句，且全篇文章是一般过去时态，故用do的过去式。
7. 根据特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
（1）根据“it is…that...”强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。
【考例】 But like so many other things， it is only too much stress 34 does you harm.
解析： that 。考查强调句型，本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
（2）根据倒装句式判断，是填构成部分倒装条件的only， so， neither， never， hardly等，还是填do， does， did等。
【考例】 Not until I returned 32 I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
解析： did。“not until...”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且主从句时态保持一致，故填did。
（3）根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。
【考例】 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
解析： it。it作形式主语，替代真正的不定式主语“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father”。
（4）根据习惯用法或固定搭配判断。
【考例】 But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析： to。考查动词的固定搭配go back to“追溯到……”。
8. 根据常识和上下文语境来判断语义和词形。
【考例】 Unbelievable！ Oh...， if you don’t mind， I’ll stop and take a deep 70 .
解析： breath。根据上下文语境，Peter认为这样的事情是不可能的，所以他想深呼吸让自己平静下来。
（二）给出提示词填空题的解题技巧。
1. 若句中缺少谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所填动词就是谓语动词，需要考虑动词时态、语态以及数的变化。
【考例】 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 （be） often acceptable.
解析： is。考查主谓一致，单个动名词短语作主语，视为单数。

2. 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所填动词就是非谓语动词。用动词-ing形式（动名词或现在分词）、-ed形式还是不定式形式，确定的方法主要有以下几种：
（1） 作宾语，通常用动名词或动词不定式形式。
【考例】 My ambassadorial duties will include 67 （introduce） British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
解析： introducing。动词include后接动名词作宾语。
【考例】 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver， but he refused 66（stop） until we reached the next stop.
解析： to stop。动词refuse后接不定式作宾语。
（2）作表语，通常用现在分词或过去分词形式。一些表示心理活动的动词，用过去分词作表语时，多位于系动词（be， become， feel， get， look， seem等）之后，表示主语本身（一般为人）“感到……的”；用现在分词作表语时，表示主语（一般为物） “令人……的”。
【考例】 Do you find yourself getting impatient or 38 （annoy） with people over unimportant things？
解析： annoyed。空格处和形容词impatient构成并列关系和系动词get构成系表结构，填annoyed“恼怒的，生气的”，表示你变得生气。
（3）作定语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。
【考例】 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析： permitted。被修饰名词 reporter和permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
（4）作状语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。
①作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用动词不定式形式。
【考例】 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 （create）special designs.
解析： to create。动词不定式作目的状语。
②作时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语，常用分词形式。与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，就用过去分词。
【考例】 People probably cooked their food in large pots， 44 （use） twigs（树枝） to remove it.
解析： using。use与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语表示主动。
（5）作补语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示动作的全过程；现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。
【考例】 As I back into my car， I saw the same lady 28 （look） in at me.
解析： looking。空格处作感官动词see的宾补，根据“同一位女士看着我”可知，应用现在分词looking表示主动或正在进行的动作。
3. 作表语（系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或补语（表示性质或状态），通常用形容词形式。
【考例】 Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 63 （care） mother.
解析： caring或careful。修饰名词mother应用形容词。
4. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词形式。
【考例】 The title will be 63 （official） given to me at a ceremony in London.
解析： officially。修饰动词要用副词。
【考例】 17 （lucky）， he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
解析： Luckily。修饰整个句子要用副词。
【考例】 He must be 20 （mental） disabled.
解析： mentally。修饰形容词disabled，要用副词。
5. 形容词和副词还要看是否有比较等级的变化，即用原级、比较级还是最高级。
【考例】 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work， you should take a step back and identify （识别）those of 61 （great）and less importance.
解析： greater。空格处与比较级less是并列关系。
6. 作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语时，前面可能有形容词修饰，一般用名词形式。
【考例】 Then， handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 （achieve）.

解析： achievement。介词of后接名词形式作宾语。
7. 在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词（+形容词）”后，常用名词形式。
【考例】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.， influenced the 48 （develop） of chopsticks.
解析： development。冠词the后接名词，the+名词+of...意为“……的……”。
8. 当确定所填的词是名词时，要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数，若是可数名词，要注意单、复数形式。
【考例】 The nursery team switches him every few 69 （day） with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed， the other is with mum —she never suspects.
解析： days。few修饰复数名词。
9. 代词可能涉及人称代词的主格与宾格、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词以及反身代词之间的转换。
【考例】 On my recent visit， I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 （it） mother.
解析： its。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，此处指代前面的twin，故用its。
10. 括号中所给词是动词，也有可能是考查词类转换，涉及动词与名词、形容词或副词之间的转换。
【考例】 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asia’s biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top61 （attract）.
解析： attraction。形容词top后面跟名词形式。
11. 固定搭配或常用句型。
【考例】It could be anything —gardening， cooking， music， sports—but whatever it is， 70 （make） sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
解析： make。祈使句以动词原形开头。
【考例】It took years of work 65（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water.
解析： to reduce。it takes + 时间 + to do something“花多少时间做某事”。



12. 根据句子意思及前后文逻辑关系，括号中所给词有可能是考查词类转换，并兼顾考查其意义相反的派生词，即需要加具有否定意义的前缀dis-， im-， -ir， non-， un-等，或后缀-less等，这一点虽然目前高考没有涉及，但最容易忽略，需要同学们留意。
【考例】Most people work because it is ________（avoid）. By contrast， there are some people who actually enjoy work.
解析：unavoidable。根据后文“相比之下，有一些人真的享受工作”可知，前文内容是“大多數人工作是因为工作是不可避免的”，故填形容词unavoidable作表语。
日常生活类，新闻报道类，学校生活类，科技发展类，历史文化类等。




真题链接


2022新高考全国I卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整

性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2022新高考全国II卷
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 56 (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
57 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 58 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. When he looked down, he 60

(accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 61 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 62 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 65 to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
2022全国甲卷
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 61 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.

In the last five years, Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 68 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 69 Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, 70 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
2022全国乙卷
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative. 68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
2022年浙江6月卷
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 56 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 57 (do). John Olson, a former 58 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 59 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 61 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 62 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 63 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.


For Luc, this means 64 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 65 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
2022年浙江1月卷
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 57 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others

58 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60 (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 63 time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 64 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 65 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding", she says, "a really positive change."
2021新高考全国I卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!2021全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61 (build) originally to protect the city 62 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 63 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 64 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 65 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 66 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 68 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 69 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 70 (day) routines.
2021全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.

Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
2021浙江6月卷
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 (sell) most of their furniture.
2021浙江1月卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) .
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
2020新高考全国卷
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___56___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___57___ until

they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___58___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum __59___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___60___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___61___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___62___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___63___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___64___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____65____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
2020全国I卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,

says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)”. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
（2022·江西·新余市第一中学三模）
China has committed itself to ____1____ (finish) constructing its space station by the end of this year and say it is planning more than forty ____2____ (launch) for 2022, putting the number roughly level with ____3____ of the United States. They would include those of two Shenzhou crewed missions, two Tianzhou cargo spacecraft and the station’s ____4____ (add) two modules (太空舱), the official Xinhua News Agency reported, citing a recent announcement by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, ____5____ (know) as CASC．The two modules will join the Tianhe core module ____6____ is currently home to a three-person crew.
Working largely ____7____ its own, China has pushed ahead with its Tiangong Space Station program. The current six-month space mission by the crew aboard Tianhe has been China’s longest ____8____ it first sent a human to space in 2003. The three are the second crew ____9____ (board) the space station, which upon completion _____10_____ (weigh) about 180 tons, and be about a quarter the size of the International Space Station.
（2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测）
More and more urban tourists are interested in country vacations and it increases village and farm incomes. Taking trips to destinations with fewer people and beautiful ____21____ (nature) scenes has become a trend in China these days. Currently, major travel agencies are making efforts in developing the rural tourism market, ____22____ (drive) by this new demand. They are building high-end farm and village resorts that integrate with rural cultures nationwide ____23____ (attract) more travelers. The development of rural tourism also serves ____24____ an opportunity for farmers to start their own businesses.
____25____ urban tourists would like to pursue the most in rural trips are unique life and cultural experiences. Apart from enjoying experiences, rural food, and cultural products are all important factors to draw ____26____ (they) attention. For instance, ____27____ online travel agency launched a country fair in the village. Thus, travelers ____28____ (be) able to buy some local agricultural products ____29____ (easy). Meanwhile, A big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future _____30_____ (grow) in the recent three years. Rural tourism is the golden key and new engine to the rural development.
（2022·山东烟台·三模）
In Chinese culture, tigers are considered the king of all beasts. They symbolize power, energy, protection, ____31____ (generous) and unpredictability. Tigers are regarded as fearless creatures, so that’s ____32____ in China you can see images of tigers on the walls of temples and houses ____33____ (resist) disasters and danger.
Tigers have an important cultural significance not just in China, ____34____ across Asia. As they ____35____ (most) live in Asia, they have become a cultural symbol of Eastern countries for many westerners. For example, in the last century strong economies in the East—Singapore, South Korea, China’s Taiwan and Hong Kong—____36____ (call) “The Four Asian Tigers”.
Instead of tigers, lions are considered as the king of all beasts in the West. But in the West, tigers are also seen as a very ____37____ (power) animal. In English, if you want someone to calm down, you can say to them, “easy tiger”. Another famous phrase is: “Eye of the Tiger”, ____38____ means fierceness and strength.
China has its animal zodiac system, ____39____ (show) the connection, understanding and respect that humans can have for animals. Just like tigers serve as a symbol of protection in Chinese culture, we hope that in the Year of the Tiger more people can help protect them and their habitats _____40_____ further destruction.
（2022·浙江·慈溪中学模拟预测）
Emerging evidence in humans suggests a ____41____ (typical) Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control.
After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a ____42____ (great) desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)-a region of the brain ____43____ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby ____44____ (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, ____45____ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on ____46____ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food, but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of ____47____ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes, researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent ____48____ the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team ____49____ (find) that not only do such high-fat, high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability _____50_____ (control) our appetite.
（2022·江西·临川一中模拟预测）
A new way to restore Earth’s biodiversity—from the air
Every year, humans change 10 million hectares of land, and not for the better. Right now, there is ____51____ much damaged land around the world that we need to fix this fast. Fortunately, technology can help. Restoration is ____52____ enormous, complex challenge. It cannot be done by ____53____ ( simple ) planting trees. We need to bring native ecosystems back ____54____ life, which requires deep ____55____ ( ecology ) expertise. Until now, we have been limited to poor copies, like vast plantations of a single kind of tree.
But drones (无人机) change that by allowing us ____56____ ( gather ) data and plant the right mix of vegetation (植被) quickly. And the machine-learning ____57____ ( analyze ) enables us to monitor our restoration work. For example, in Australia, we’re using drone - based planting and ecology - trained AI to restore thousands of hectares of land mined for coal. Many native forests here in Australia ____58____ ( destroy ) by catastrophic bushfires over the last few years. This means reduced food sources and safe habitats for koalas. A new project will accelerate the restoration of thousands of hectares of koala forests.
With these technologies ____59____ ( combine ), we’re able to expand restoration from a small island to an entire continent. We can return forests to land _____60_____ a mine used to be, or recreate ecosystems like the one we’re hoping to restore on Lord Howe Island.
（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中模拟预测）
For just 2 hours a week, there’s a simple practice that could make you healthier. Over the years, it’s becoming ____61____ (increasing) clear that spending time in nature is somehow linked to healthier and happier lives. But while some ____62____ (physician) have literally started “prescribing” (开药) doses of the natural world, like they will exercise, such practices are far from established.
Researchers in the United Kingdom have now taken ____63____ small but important step towards one of the most crucial, unanswered questions: How much time outdoors is enough? Drawing on a nationwide survey of nearly 20,000 British adults from 2014 to 2016, the team thinks they might have found a weekly “sweet spot” for nature exposure. “____64____ (compare) to no nature contact last week, the likelihood of reporting good health became significantly greater with contact over 120 minutes,” the authors conclude. The findings are supported by past research, which has found that living in greener areas is associated with ____65____ (low) risks of cardiovascular disease (冠心病), obesity, diabetes, mental distress, etc.
____66____, these results are still in their early development, and it remains unclear how much exercise we humans truly need ____67____ (enjoy) the benefits. Participants in the last study ____68____ (ask) how much nature they had experienced in the last seven days. Randomly selecting just one of these “nature diary entries”:, the interviewer then asked for more details, ____69____ (include) how long the visit was, who they went with, and what they got up to. Bringing together these responses, the authors found that individuals who spent less than two hours in nature across the week reported health and well-being similar ____70____ those who experienced no nature.
（2022·江苏·南京师大附中三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are certain things on the Earth that we must not lose. The great animal migration across the Serengeti Plains or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Every country is proud of ____71____ (it) cultural or natural heritage sites, ____72____ must be protected. We are lucky to have UNESCO to oversee such an important task. It sees heritage as our legacy from ____73____past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations as well as sources____74____irreplaceable inspiration.
The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a ____75____ (remind) of the power of nature and the genius of man. As a nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to snow-capped mountains, thick forests, impressive waterfalls and lakes. This dream-like scenery makes us realize that nature has____76____ (true) created a masterpiece. Similarly, standing in the shadow of the Borobudur Temple, as the sun rises over this grand historic building, we____77____ (impress) with the effort and determination of the people who ____78____(build) it with only primitive tools.
It is in heritage sites like this ____79____ we cannot help but be humbled, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for generations ____80____ (come).