2023届高考英语二轮复习专项：完形填空－议论文突破训练

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专项：完形填空－议论文突破训练，共20页。试卷主要包含了 阅读理解， 精深练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
完形填空－议论文
基础题
一、 阅读理解。
Passage 1
“I'm going to learn at least one dish each week. You just need to sit back and watch.” I got off the phone with my mom and clicked on the TV­box­shaped icon(图标) of YouTube. We were just having a bet about whether I would ever be able to teach myself to cook without her step­by­step guidance.
Technology has revolutionized the way we learn. That was what I believed then. However, after two weeks of watching those instructional videos, the reality of my barely improved cooking struck me in the face. To be honest, the result didn't come off as too much of a shock. Deep down, I had always known that perfection relies in no small part on endless hours of meaningful practice.
I am not alone in experiencing this type of failure. With an impressive variety of online resources at our fingertips, it is natural that we use them to our advantage and learn new skills through “watching” them.
There's nothing ineffective about this kind of learning in itself. However, a recent study published in Psychological Science shows that if you watch an expert performing a skill unknown to you for too long, it will raise your self­confidence in a way that it arouses(激发) your unrealistic expectations of yourself. The dissonance between your true ability and your false view of it can have a negative influence on your learning outcome. You might become as discouraged as I was. And if your determination isn't strong enough, you might just give up halfway.
If right now you are considering learning something new through watching online videos, be it juggling pins(杂耍), ice­skating, or even Michael Jackson's timeless moonwalk, don't forget to mix it up with the tried­and­true method of practicing and repeating. And most importantly, try not to get caught up in the feel­good act of watching.
(　) 1. What do we know about the author?
A. She knew her failure resulted from lacking practice.
B. She was astonished at her failure to be a great cook.
C. She disagreed with her mom on how to cook.
D. She was misled by some so­called experts.
(　) 2. What's the author's opinion of online resources?
A. They are of poor quality.
B. They are helpful in a way.
C. They are difficult of access.
D. They have benefited her a lot.
(　) 3. What does the underlined word “dissonance” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Dislike. 　　　 B. Disbelief.
C. Disapproval. 　　　D. Disagreement.
(　) 4. What does the author mainly intend to show readers?
A. Online videos are growing in popularity.
B. Mom is always a good example for us.
C. Watching doesn't make you perfect.
D. Cooking is a useful skill.
Passage 2
When most people think of the word, “brand”， they think of the Nike Swoosh, Ford “Blue Oval”， McDonalds Golden Arches, or the “State Farm is There” jingle. They know what they will get with a well branded product or service as promised. Think of Volvo, for instance, and your first thoughts are probably something like “well built, comfortable, Swedish” and, most of all, “safety”．
So a brand is a lot more than a logo, icon, or slogan. Catchy as it may sound, it isn't the “brand” in the true sense—and it certainly isn't what makes the brand valuable. A company's brand is a promise. It's a description of the company's character. To some extent, it's a mission; it's how the company creates and delivers value. Also, it's the feeling the company conveys to its stakeholders. Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value. To illustrate it, here are some brand promises from three highly successful, world­wide brands: ①The NFL: “To be the premier sports and entertainment brand that brings people together, connecting them socially and emotionally like no other.”②Coca­Cola: “To inspire moments of optimism and uplift.” ③Virgin Atlantic: “To be genuine, fun, contemporary, and different in everything we do at a reasonable price.”
Interesting. In none of the above cases does the brand promise describe what these companies do or provide. The NFL's brand promise says nothing about football. Coca­Cola doesn't talk about providing the best soft drinks in the world. And Virgin Atlantic's promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircraft.
Of course, a promise is nowhere near enough. The promise along with look, personality, time, money, and hard work combined can eventually help to build and maintain great brands and acquire a special patina(光泽) of what I call “me” appeal, showing my personal appetite. Apple has that patina. All of this can lead to sub­brands, like iPhone and iPad which acquire the glory of the parent brand.
Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things. TD Bank has a special place in their branches for you to deposit all those coins you collect in jars. It is called the Penny Arcade that turns depositing your coins into a fun game in which you can even win prizes. Years ago, Dime Savings Bank in New York had a small dime(十分钱硬币) carrier. It was given to kids and then they'd fill up its 50 slots(投币口) with a dime in each one and bring it to exchange for a $5 bill.
(　) 5. What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A. People tend to believe in top brands because they deliver what is promised.
B. Well branded Swedish products are of good quality but more costly than others.
C. Well branded products are faced with great challenges of quality currently.
D. A company shouldn't care about logos because they can't make the brand valuable.
(　) 6. In the author's opinion, a brand promise is ________.
A. the contract between a company and the people who interact with it
B. the only way to build and maintain a great brand's value
C. a description of what a company actually does for its consumers
D. an important factor contributing to the success of a brand
(　) 7. According to the passage, what is probably “Virgin Atlantic”？
A. A financial company.
B. A high­tech software product.
C. An airline company.
D. An entertainment product.
(　) 8. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Buying a certain brand says nothing about the person who buys it.
B. Little things can mean a lot and make a brand memorable.
C. Sub­brands are relatively easy to build and generate huge profits.
D. Dime Savings Bank's dime carriers are difficult for kids to operate.
Passage 3
In 1926, US automaker Henry Ford shortened its employees' workweek from six eight­hour days to five, with no pay cuts. It's something workers and labor unions had been calling for. Ford wasn't responding to worker demands; he was being a businessman. He expected increased productivity and knew workers with more time and money would buy and use the products they were making. It was a way of encouraging consumerism and productivity to increase profits, and it succeeded.
Since standardization of the 40­hour workweek in the mid­20th century, everything has changed but the hours. If anything, many people are working even longer hours, especially in North America. This has a severe influence on human health and well­being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full­time. Now, women make up 42 percent of the world's full­time workforce. Technology has made a lot of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.
Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up ever more of Earth's supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It's time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil­fueled lifestyles with which our consumer­based workweeks are connected.
The UK think tank, New Economics(经济学) Foundation, argues that a standard 21­hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: “overwork, unemployment, over­consumption, high carbon emissions, low well­being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life.”
Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite(有限的) planet don't make sense. It's time for a change in our economic thinking.
(　) 9. Why did Ford decide to shorten the workweek?
A. To cut workers' pay.
B. To make more profits.
C. To respond to worker demands.
D. To meet labor unions' requirements.
(　)10. What change in the workforce happened after World War Ⅱ？
A. More women worked full­time.
B. The number of laborers decreased.
C. Technology enabled people to work shorter hours.
D. It was unnecessary for a family's oldest male to work.
(　)11. What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A. Longer working hours means better consumption ability.
B. The 21st century sees the longest working hours in history.
C. The cycle of hard work and consumption should be changed.
D. Pausing our way of living can change the present workweek.
(　)12. New Economics Foundation thinks a 21­hour workweek will ________.
A. increase unemployment
B. cause various problems
C. encourage people to enjoy life
D. challenge the economic growth
二、 精深练习。
(一) 写出下列句中画线词的中文释义。
1. Deep down, I had always known that perfection relies in__no__small__part on endless hours of meaningful practice. ______
2. Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value. ______
3. Of course, a promise is nowhere__near enough. ______
4. TD Bank has a special place in their branches for you to deposit all those coins you collect in jars. ______
5. If__anything,__many people are working even longer hours, especially in North America. ______
6. The UK think tank, New Economics(经济学) Foundation, argues that a standard 21­hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: …______
(二) 根据中文写出单词的正确形式。
1. However, after two weeks of watching those instructional videos, the reality of my barely improved cooking ______ (突然想到；猛地意识到) me in the face.
2. A company's brand is a promise. It's a ______ (描述) of the company's character.
3. The promise along with look, personality, time, money, and hard work ______ (结合) can eventually help to build and maintain great brands and acquire a special patina(光泽) of what I call “me” appeal, showing my personal appetite.
4. Sometimes a brand is ______ (难忘的) because of little things.
5. In 1926, US automaker Henry Ford ______ (缩短) its employees' workweek from six eight­hour days to five, with no pay cuts.
6. He expected increased ______ (生产力) and knew workers with more time and money would buy and use the products they were making.
7. Technology has made a lot of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks ______ (以前地) performed by humans.
8. Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up ever more of Earth's supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a______ (似乎) endless cycle of hard work and consumption.
(三) 长难句分析与翻译。
1. With an impressive variety of online resources at our fingertips, it is natural that we use them to our advantage and learn new skills through “watching” them.
[分析]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Catchy as it may sound, it isn't the “brand” in the true sense—and it certainly isn't what makes the brand valuable.
[分析]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. It's time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil­fueled lifestyles with which our consumer­based workweeks are connected.
[分析]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
提高题
一、 阅读理解。
Passage 1 (2021·全国乙卷)
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter(29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
(　) 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users.
B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions.
D. Their complex design.
(　) 2. What does the underlined word “concede” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
(　) 3. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games.
B. They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
(　) 4. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
Passage 2 (2019·天津卷改编)
Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven­knows­what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We've all known people who run__out__of__steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self­pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
(　) 5. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity　
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
(　) 6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
(　) 7. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self­pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
(　) 8. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
Passage 3 (2018·江苏卷)
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food. When a dark­colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra­large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none__the__wiser—they didn't feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast­food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices—don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables”， given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
(　) 9. The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were ________.
A. not aware of eating more than usual
B. not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality
D. not fond of the food provided
(　)10. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A. Playing classical music.
B. Introducing lemon scent.
C. Making the light brighter.
D. Using plates of larger size.
(　)11. What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. Tips to attract more customers.
B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
Passage 4 (2018·江苏卷改编)
Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self­worth, a major study warned.
It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员) Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill­equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo­opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”， suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”．
She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self­identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”．
Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”
“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Children's Commissioner for England's study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.
However, they still did not know how to cope with mean­spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人) or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Children's Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区) they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
Javed Khan, of children's charity Barnardo's, said: “It's vital that new compulsory age­appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
(　)12. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A. They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C. They were required to give quick responses.
D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.
(　)13. Some social app companies were to blame because ________.
A. they didn't adequately check their users' registration
B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D. they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late
(　)14. What should parents do to solve the problem?
A. Communicate more with secondary schools.
B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C. Keep track of children's use of social media.
D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.
(　)15. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The influence of social media on children.
B. The importance of social media to children.
C. The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.
二、 精深练习。
(一) 写出下列句中画线词的中文释义。
1. How attached are you to your landline? ________
2. Most of his adult life has been a__losing__struggle against debt and misfortune. ________
3. The book turns out to be one that has appealed__to the world for more than 350 years. ________
4. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. ________
5. The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around__the__clock．________
6. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school. ________
(二) 根据中文写出单词的正确形式。
1. ________ (激励) by heaven­knows­what motives, he determines to write a book.
2. The things we learn in ________ (成熟) seldom involve information and skills.
3. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is________ (最终) relaxing.
4. With high ________ (动机) and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning.
5. Today, scholars have generated large amounts of ________ (有指导意义的) research about restaurants.
6. Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent nearly as much as others but soon ________ (逃走).
7. Children as young as ten are becoming ________ (依靠的，依赖的) on social media for their sense of self­worth, a major study warned.
8. It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how much public________ (同意，赞成) they get online, often through “likes”．

(三) 长难句分析与翻译。
1. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.
[分析]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
[分析]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables”， given that they're profitable.
[分析]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________


基 础 题
一、
Passage 1
1—4 ABDC
1. A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Deep down, I had always known that perfection relies in no small part on endless hours of meaningful practice.”可知，作者知道自己的失败是由于缺乏练习造成的。故选A。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“There's nothing ineffective about this kind of learning in itself.”可知，作者认为网络资源在某种程度上是有一定帮助的。故选B。
3. D　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文 “You might become as discouraged as I was. And if your determination isn't strong enough, you might just give up halfway.”可推知，上文讲的是你的真正的能力和你错误的观点的不一致，会导致负面的影响。dissonance意为“不一致”，与D项意思相近。故选D。
4. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And most importantly, try not to get caught up in the feel­good act of watching.”可知，作者主要想向读者展示的是，尽量不要陷入自我感觉良好的观看中，观看并不能使你完美，要将观看和练习相结合。故选C。
Passage 2
5—8 ADCB
5. A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“They know what they will get with a well branded product or service as promised.”以及第二段中“A company's brand is a promise. It's a description of the company's character. To some extent, it's a mission; it's how the company creates and delivers value.”可知，人们倾向于相信顶级品牌，是因为他们兑现了承诺。故选A。
6. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value.”可知，作者认为品牌承诺是一个品牌成功的重要因素。故选D。
7. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“And Virgin Atlantic's promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircraft.”因此，Virgin Atlantic可能是一个航空公司。故选C。
8. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things.”可以推断出，小事情可以让一个品牌令人难忘。故选B。
Passage 3
9—12 BACC
9. B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was a way of encouraging consumerism and productivity to increase profits, and it succeeded.”可知，福特公司的举措的目的是鼓励消费和提高工作效率，进而提高效益。故选B。
10. A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full­time. Now, women make up 42 percent of the world's full­time workforce.”可知，二战之前每个家庭中一般是最年长的男性全职工作，而在那之后至今，越来越多的女性成为全职劳动力。故选A。
11. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption”和“It's time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil­fueled lifestyles with which our consumer­based workweeks are connected.”可知，努力工作和消费的循环应该改变。故选C。
12. C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，新经济学基金会认为每周工作21个小时能够鼓励了人们享受生活。故选C。
二、 (一) 1. 很大程度上　2. 一贯地，始终如一地　3. 远非，远不及　4. 存储　5. 如果有什么的话　6. 解决
(二) 1. struck　2. description　3. combined
4. memorable　5. shortened　6. productivity
7. previously　8. seemingly
(三) 1. [分析] 本句为主从复合句。句中it为形式主语，“that we use them to … ”是真正的主语。
[翻译] 我们触手可及的在线资源种类繁多，我们自然会利用它们，通过“观看”它们来学习新技能。
2. [分析] 本句为主从复合句。句中as表“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；what引导表语从句同时充当从句的主语。
[翻译] 虽然它听起来很吸引人，但这不是真正意义上的“品牌”，当然也不是使这个品牌有价值的东西。
3. [分析] 本句为主从复合句。句中“with which our consumer­based workweeks are connected”是介词＋which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词lifestyles。
[翻译] 该是停下来考虑更好的生活方式的时候了，比如从化石燃料的生活方式中解脱出来，这种生活方式将我们以消费者为基础的工作周联系在一起。
提 高 题
一、
Passage 1
1—4 BACB
1. B　段落大意题。根据第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B。
2. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，“concede”意为“承认”，与A项意思相符。故选A。
3. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years”以及第五段中“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C。
4. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries？”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天也会被废弃。故选B。
Passage 2
5—8 BDDA
5. B　推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《堂吉诃德》。根据下文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此。故选B。
6. D　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人。由此可推知，run out of steam意为“停止学习”。故选D。
7. D　推理判断题。根据第五段中“We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self­pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀。由此可推知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活。故选D。
8. A　写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断地学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故作者的目的是指导我们过一个有意义的成年生活。故选A。
Passage 3
9—11 AAD
9. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra­large shares ate more than everyone else”可知，在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少；再根据画线词下文“they didn't feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert”可知，他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了。故选A。
10. A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).”可知，要想让客人待的时间更长，应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。故选A。
11. D　段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’ tables, crowding, high prices—don't necessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等，不一定会真的影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解。故选D。
Passage 4
12—15 BACA
12. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill­equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.”可知，一些社交媒体公司正将孩子们暴露于大的情绪风险下，他们还没有能力应付他们在网上面临的巨大压力。故选B。
13. A　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.”可知，一些社交软件很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者的年龄不得低于13岁。言外之意，它们没有对孩子用于注册账户的年龄进行监管。故选A。
14. C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”可以推断出，父母应该追踪孩子对社交媒体的使用。故选C。
15. A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self­worth, a major study warned.”可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍青少年变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响。故选A。
二、 (一) 1. 依恋的　2. 徒劳的努力　3. 引起……的兴趣　4. 逐步地　5. 夜以继日地　6. 巨大的
(二) 1. Driven　2. maturity　3. eventually　4. motivation
5. instructive　6. fled　7. dependent　8. approval
(三) 1. [分析] 本句为主从复合句。句中“compared to …”是非谓语动词作状语；“who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years”是定语从句，修饰先行词Baby Boomers.
[翻译] 年龄自然是一个因素——只有58%的Y一代仍然时不时地使用固定电话，相比之下，84%的婴儿潮一代的家庭电话号码可能已经50年没有变了。
2. [分析] 本句为主从复合句。句中only if 引导条件状语从句；whether引导的是让步状语。
[翻译] 然而，无论是对亲人、对旁人、对工作，还是对某种道德观念，只有当我们做到超越自我之外，我们的生命才会有意义。
3. [分析] 本句为主从复合句。句中It是形式主语，that引导主语从句，given引导原因状语从句。
[翻译] 可以得出这样的结论：店主不需要过分担心“不好的”餐桌，因为它们也是有利可图的。