2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点11 阅读理解之记叙文

核心考点11  阅读理解之记叙文

一、考向分析

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。

考点详解

（一）阅读理解记叙文材料的特点 

人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。

1、人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。

2、短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

（二）记叙文类文章阅读理解技巧

中考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
1、记叙文写作特点

记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。
2、记叙文命题特点

从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
3、记叙文答题技巧

一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
（1）顺藤摸瓜。
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
（2）左顾右盼。
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
（3）刨根问底。
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
（4）拨云见日。
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。

这时，你不仅需要“左顾右盼”，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

二、真题再现

一、阅读单选

（2021·山东聊城·中考真题）As the saying goes, “It takes a village to raise a child.” And one Massachusetts community certainly takes that to heart.

In the summer of 2016, Glenda and Raphael Savitz moved into their new home in Newton and had their daughter Samantha soon. Unluckily, Samantha was born deaf. But that didn’t stop Samantha growing into an outgoing girl. When she was out, she tried to communicate with her neighbors. But they couldn’t understand her because they didn’t know sign language (手势语). It made them a little upset.

Instead of giving up, the neighbors decided to learn sign language together. They found a sign language teacher and took classes in Lucia’s living room. Lucia has lived in Newton for over 20 years. She believes in the power (影响) of community. “Samantha is creating a reason for us to get together,” she says.

It was not easy for the neighbors to learn sign language, but they enjoyed the process (过程). Before long, they could communicate with the little girl freely. Both Samantha and her parents were very happy. “We are seeing changes in Samantha. We’re just so thankful that we live here and we are surrounded (被围绕) by these wonderful people,” Samantha’s mother says. “I can’t think of a better place for my daughter.”

And they’re not the only ones who say they’re thankful. “Samantha is doing something for us,” say some neighbors. “She has made our community closer.”

1．What can we know about Samantha from Paragraph 2?

A．She was not an outgoing girl.

B．She couldn’t make her neighbors understand her.

C．She didn’t like communicating with her neighbors.

D．She was born before her parents moved to Newton.

2．From the passage we know that Lucia ________.

A．came to Newton 20 years ago

B．doesn’t believe the power of community is great

C．refused to let the teacher give lessons in her house

D．thinks the neighbors get together because of Samantha

3．The neighbors learned sign language ________.

A．happily B．easily C．slowly D．badly

4．According to Samantha’s mother, ________.

A．Lucia is the only wonderful person

B．Newton is the best place for Samantha

C．no changes have taken place in Samantha

D．they are thankful that they have a good daughter

5．Which is the best title (题目) for the passage?

A．Who surrounded the family?

B．How did a family raise a child?

C．Who made the community closer?

D．How did the neighbors help a deaf girl?

【答案】1．B

2．D

3．A

4．B

5．C

【导语】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章大意：Samantha是一个失聪女孩，社区的邻居们为了和她沟通都学习了手语，Samantha的妈妈非常感谢邻居们对她女儿的付出，同时邻居们也很感谢Samantha使得整个社区更加亲密。

1．

细节理解题。根据第二段“When she was out, she tried to communicate with her neighbors. But they couldn’t understand her…”可知，Samantha试图与邻居沟通，但他们无法理解她的意思，也就是说Samantha无法让邻居理解她的意思。故选B。

2．

细节理解题。根据第三段“Samantha is creating a reason for us to get together,”可知，Lucia认为Samantha是邻居们聚在一起的理由，也就是说她认为邻居们聚在一起是因为Samantha。故选D。

3．

推理判断题。根据第四段“It was not easy for the neighbors to learn sign language, but they enjoyed the process.”可知，邻居们享受学习手语的过程，由此可知邻居们应是快乐地学习手语。故选A。

4．

推理判断题。根据第四段“I can’t think of a better place for my daughter.”可知，Samantha的妈妈想不出比Newton更适合Samantha的地方，由此可知她认为Newton对Samantha来说就是最好的地方。故选B。

5．

最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Samantha是一个失聪女孩，社区的邻居们为了和她沟通都学习了手语，Samantha的妈妈非常感谢邻居们对她女儿的付出，同时邻居们也很感谢Samantha使得整个社区更加亲密，选项C的标题“谁使社区更亲密？”与此中心大意最相符。故选C。

（2021·四川雅安·中考真题）On Thursday, Uncle Max called Tom, “Tom, I was wondering if you’d like to go camping with me this weekend.”

Tom said, “I’m not sure, Uncle Max. Why do you want to go camping?”

“Well, I am going to write a story about endangered animals for the paper. I think it will help with my writing if I go up to the mountains. I just won’t get a feel for nature if I stay in my apartment in the city.”

“Sure, I’ll go with you,” Tom said, “Don’t forget your camera.”

“I won’t.” Uncle Max smiled.

On Saturday morning, Uncle Max and Tom got an early start. After they put up the tent, they sat down to relax. “It seems hard to believe that animals could be in danger in place as beautiful as this,” Tom said.

“You’re right,” Uncle Max said. “That’s why my story is so important. In the past, uncontrolled hunting (捕猎) was the main reason for animal extinction (灭绝). But now, many wild animals in our country are protected by laws. These laws limit hunting.”

“Why are some animals in danger now?” Tom asked.

“Some of their homes are destroyed (破坏) by pollution. Also, the land is used for homes, farms, and highways. That leaves fewer places for animals to live. So some land has to be left as national parks for wildlife,” said Uncle Max.

“I’m glad you invited me,” Tom said. “I just didn’t know how much animals depend on us. I think your story will help all of us.”

6．Why did Uncle Max go camping? ________

A．To relax. B．To exercise. C．To help with his writing. D．To take photos of nature.

7．What does the underlined word “limit” in Paragraph 7 mean in Chinese? ________

A．限制 B．接受 C．解决 D．鼓励

8．In Uncle Max’s opinion, why are some animals in danger now? ________

A．Because people hunt them a lot. B．Because they can’t find enough food.

C．Because their health is destroyed by pollution. D．Because there are fewer places for them to live.

9．What did Tom think of the story Uncle Max would write? ________

A．Perfect. B．Helpful. C．Successful. D．Humorous.

10．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? ________

A．To show how to write a story. B．To tell how to build national parks.

C．To advise people to go camping on weekends. D．To encourage us to protect endangered animals.

【答案】6．C

7．A

8．D

9．B

10．D

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Uncle Max要完成一篇关于濒临灭绝动物的论文，邀请Tom一起去露营，在露营的过程中他给Tom讲述了现今一些动物濒临灭绝的原因的故事。

6．

细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Well, I am going to write a story about endangered animals for the paper”可知，Uncle Max需要写作，所以他要去露营，故选C。

7．

词句猜测题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“But now, many wild animals in our country are protected by laws. These laws limit   hunting”可知，但是现在，许多野生动物在我国受到法律保护，这些法律……了狩猎，推知“limit”是“限制”的意思，故选A。

8．

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Some of their homes are destroyed (破坏) by pollution. Also, the land is used for homes, farms, and highways. That leaves fewer places for animals to live”可推知，因为一些动物的居住地越来越少，所以它们处于危险之中，故选D。

9．

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I think your story will help all of us”可推知，他认为叔叔的书有帮助的。故选B。

10．

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Uncle Max要完成一篇关于濒临灭绝动物的论文，邀请Tom一起去露营，在露营的过程中他给Tom讲述了现今一些动物濒临灭绝的原因，文章借此呼吁人们重视濒临灭绝的动物的生存环境并保护它们。故选D。

（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）Frank couldn’t wait for September when school would start. It was early August,and he was at the same summer camp for the fifth times. His dad went to the camp when he was boy and loved it, so Frank didn’t want to disappointed (使失望) his dad by telling him that he didn’t even like it.

By the middle of August, Frank had had more than enough. He had had enough of the horses, enough of the baseball games, and enough of the camp food.

He asked his mom to pick him up early, but he didn’t want his mom to tell his dad “I can’t do that, I’m always honest with your dad." his mom said.

Frank still worried about disappointing his dad. So he decided to stay. At the same time he asked his mom if she would make his favorite meal when he finished the camp. His mom agreed.

After that whenever he ate at the camp, he was thinking he was eating his mom’s cooking. All of a sudden, the food didn’t taste as bad as before. Frank decided to be honest with his camp coaches. He told the horseback coach that he wasn’t comfortable with the horse. The coach changed one for him and he started to like horseback riding. He also told the coach why he never liked playing baseball. The coach asked him to play catcher.

When Frank’s parents came to pick him from the camp, he said to them. “This was the best summer at camp” He even wanted to stay for another week or two.

11．Why would Frank’s dad want Frank to go to the same camp he went to as a young boy?

A．Because Frank liked the camp

B．Because Frank’ dad loved the camp

C．Because the camp had a long history

D．Because Frank’s mom liked he camp

12．What did Frank think his father would be if he knew that Frank didn’t like the camp?

A．His dad would be very sad

B．His dad would be surprised

C．His dad would be excited.

D．His dad would be interested.

13．What happened when Frank thought about his mom’s cooking?

A．He liked his mom’s cooking

B．He liked his dad’s cooking.

C．The food in the camp started to taste better.

D．The food in the camp started to taste even worse.

14．What was the turning point that helped Frank started to like the camp?

A．The coach asked him to play catcher.

B．He didn’t want to make his dad disappointed

C．The coach helped him change his horse

D．He decided to be honest with his camp coaches

15．Which of the following is true according to the story?

A．Frank liked the camp at last.

B．Frank didn’t finish the camp.

C．Frank stayed in the camp for another weekend

D．Frank stayed in the camp for more weeks.

【答案】11．B

12．A

13．C

14．D

15．A

【分析】

这篇短文主要讲述了一个叫做Frank的男孩的故事，一开始他不喜欢呆在夏令营，后来母亲话语的影响，他开始改变自己的心态，坦诚自己，说出自己内心真正的想法，然后一切变得好起来，他开始享受自己的夏令营，告诉我们心态对做事情的重要性。

11．

细节理解题。根据文中“and he was at the same summer camp for the fifth times. His dad went to the camp when he was boy and loved it”可知，因为Frank的爸爸喜欢这个营地。故选B。

12．

细节理解题。根据文中“so Frank didn’t want to disappointed (使失望) his dad by telling him that he didn’t even like it.”可知，他父亲会伤心的。故选A。

13．

细节理解题。根据文中“After that whenever he ate at the camp, he was thinking he was eating his mom’s cooking. All of a sudden, the food didn’t taste as bad as before.”可知，他感觉营地里的食物开始尝起来更好了。故选C。

14．

细节理解题。根据文中“Frank decided to be honest with his camp coaches. He told the horseback coach that he wasn’t comfortable with the horse. …The coach asked him to play catcher.”可知，他决定对他的训练营教练诚实，是转折点。故选D。

15．

推理判断题。根据文中“When Frank’s parents came to pick him from the camp, he said to them. “This was the best summer at camp” He even wanted to stay for another week or two.”可知，弗兰克终于喜欢上了营地。选项A是正确的，故选A。

（2021·贵州遵义·中考真题）Recently, a short video has become very popular on the Internet. It’s about a girl dancing on the water. Her name is Yang Liu, from Zunyi, Guizhou. Many foreigners think she is able to do Chinese “Qing Gong”. Actually, she was standing on a single piece of bamboo. It’s one of the traditional folk sport-single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）.

When Yang Liu was seven years old, she started practicing single bamboo drifting with her grandmother. For little Yang Liu, it was a big challenge. The most difficult part was to keep balance（平衡）. But the clever girl gradually found the key to keeping balance. After years of practice, Yang Liu could not only stand on the bamboo, but also do some simple performances.

Yang Liu had ever learned dance. Then, she got a new idea to show Chinese traditional dance while standing on the bamboo. It would be a new kind of performance. Although it was difficult to mix the two skills together and it was much easier to get hurt, Yang Liu didn’t give up.

Practice makes perfect. Finally she could dance on the bamboo successfully and beautifully.

Not long ago, she created another new performance, called “Ballet（芭蕾）on the water”, which was quite special. She posted a video of the performance on the Internet. Soon, the video caught a lot of attention and praise. There are more and more people getting to know her. “I’m glad that so many people like my performance. I hope the traditional folk sports will be passed down by more young people.” Yang Liu said.

16．What was the most difficult part for little Yang Liu? ________

A．To practice singing. B．To practice jumping. C．To keep balance.              D．To keep dancing.

17．Which picture can describe the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? ________

A． B． C．D．

18．What does the underlined phrase “passed down” mean in the last paragraph? ________

A．传染. B．传承. C．传达. D．传诵.

19．What can we know about Yang Liu from this passage? ________

A．She is good at “Qing Gong”. B．She is a smart and creative girl.

C．Many people begin to join her. D．Few people like her performances.

20．Which is the best title for the passage?________

A．A popular short video. B．A single piece of bamboo.

C．A girl learning ballet. D．A girl dancing on the bamboo.

【答案】16．C

17．A

18．B

19．B

20．D

【分析】

文章介绍一个在竹子上跳舞的女孩。她的名字叫杨柳，来自贵州遵义。许多外国人认为她会中国的“轻功”。实际上，站在一根竹子上是一项传统的民间运动——单竹漂流。

16．

细节理解题。根据“For little Yang Liu, it was a big challenge. The most difficult part was to keep balance.”可知，对小杨柳来说，这是一个巨大的挑战。最困难的部分是保持平衡。故选C。

17．

细节理解题。根据“Then, she got a new idea to show Chinese traditional dance while standing on the bamboo.”可知，然后，她有了一个新的想法，站在竹子上表演中国传统舞蹈。所以图A符合题意。故选A。

18．

词句猜测题。根据“I hope the traditional folk sports will be passed down by more young people. ”可知，此处杨柳希望传统的民间体育会被更多的年轻人“传承”下来，故“passed down”意为“传承”。故选B。

19．

推理判断题。根据“Then, she got a new idea to show Chinese traditional dance while Standing on the bamboo. It would be a new kind of performance. Although it was difficult to mix the two skills together and it was much easier to get hurt, Yang Liu didn't give up. Practice makes perfect Finally she could dance on the bamboo successfully and beautifully. Not long ago, she created another new performance, called ‘Ballet（芭蕾）on the water’, which was quite special.（然后，她有了一个新的想法，站在竹子上表演中国传统舞蹈。这将是一种新的表演方式。尽管这两种技巧很难混合在一起，而且更容易受伤，但杨柳没有放弃。熟能生巧她终于能在竹子上成功地、优美地跳舞了。不久前，她创造了另一个新的表演，称为‘水上芭蕾’，这是非常特别的。）”可推测，杨柳是一个聪明、有创造力的女孩。故选B。

20．

标题归纳题。根据“It’s about a girl dancing on the water. Her name is Yang Liu, from Zunyi, Guizhou. Many foreigners think she is able to do Chinese ‘Qing Gong’. Actually, she was standing on a single piece of bamboo. It’s one of the traditional folk sport-single bamboo drifting.（这是关于一个女孩在水上跳舞的视频。她的名字叫杨柳，来自贵州遵义。许多外国人认为她会做中国的‘轻功’。实际上， 她站在一根竹子上。这是一项传统的民间运动——单竹漂流。）”可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“一个在竹子上跳舞的女孩”。故选D。

（2021·山东济南·中考真题）Nezumi was a mouse. He was thinking about finding a husband for her daughter Suki. But Suki said, “Father, I wish to marry Taro.”

Taro was smart and strong, but Taro’s parents were not rich or powerful. “My Suki can’t marry a common mouse!” Nezumi said. “I’ll find someone powerful for my daughter.” Nesumi traveled far and wide, but nobody met his high standards.

One day, he climbed to the top of a mountain. “Hi, Sun!” Nezumi called. “Nobody is more powerful than you. I’d like you to marry my daughter.” Sun smiled and said, “Yes, I’m powerful. Without me, nothing grows. But when Cloud covers my face, the world grows cold.” As Cloud came, Sun disappeared.

Nezumi bowed to Cloud and told him his wish. “Surely I’m powerful,” he said. “But here comes someone stronger.” And Wind blew Cloud away.

Then Nezumi shouted his wish to Wind. “Of course I’m powerful. But I can’t pass through Wall,” said Wind.

When Nezumi told Wall his wish, Wall said quietly, “Yes, I’m powerful. I keep enemies away. But I’m afraid of mice like you, who dig under me and make me fall down.”

Nezumi let out a big laugh. He ran back home and said to Suki, “My dear! You are right. Taro will be a powerful husband.”

21．Nezumi wanted to find ________ for her daughter.

A．a ring B．a house C．a husband D．a friend

22．Nezumi thought that Taro’s parents were not ________ .

A．rich B．smart C．polite. D．honest

23．Where did Nezumi call to Sun?

A．In his yard. B．On a mountain. C．In his hole. D．On the beach.

24．Wall aid that he was afraid of ________ .

A．Sun B．Cloud C．Wind D．mice

25．From the last paragraph, we can infer（推断）that ________ in the end.

A．Suki and Taro got married B．Nezumi laughed at Suki C．Suki ran away from home              D．Nezumi fought with Taro

【答案】21．C

22．A

23．B

24．D

25．A

【分析】

本文主要讲述了老鼠Nezumi想把女儿嫁给有权有势的人，再问过太阳、云朵、风和墙壁之后，他发现还是老鼠最厉害。

21．

细节理解题，根据“He was thinking about finding a husband for his daughter Suki.”可知，他想给他的女儿找个丈夫。故选C。

22．

细节理解题，根据“Taro was smart and strong, but Taro’s parents were not rich or powerful.”Taro又聪明又强壮，但他的父母既不富有，也没有权势。可知，Nezumi认为Taro的父母不富有。故选A。

23．

细节理解题，根据“One day, he climbed to the top of a mountain. ‘Hi, Sun!’ Nezumi called.”可知，他在山顶和太阳对话。故选B。

24．

细节理解题，根据“When Nezumi told Wall his wish，Wall said quietly, ‘Yes，I’m powerful.I keep enemies away. But I’m afraid of mice like you, who dig under me and make me fall down.’”可知，墙壁害怕老鼠。故选D。

25．

推理判断题，根据“My dear! You are right.Taro will be a powerful husband.”以及前文“I’ll find someone powerful for my daughter.”可推知，最后Suki和Taro会结婚。故选A。