2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点12 阅读理解之说明文

核心考点12  阅读理解之说明文

一、考向分析

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。

二、考点详解

1. 快速弄清文章大意。

对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。

2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。

把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。

3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。

把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。

4. 注重上下文语境

应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。

5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：

（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。

（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。

（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。

（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。

三、真题再现

一、阅读单选

（2021·山东聊城·中考真题）Do you think that a snowshoe hare (雪鞋兔) wears snowshoes? Do you know what snow shoes are? Maybe you live in a warm place where it doesn’t snow. You would then never need to wear snowshoes.

       But the lovely snowshoe hares are wearing “snowshoes”. They can be found in the forests in North America. They got their name because of the large size of their back legs. The legs stop them from sinking into the snow when they jump and walk.

        Snowshoe hares are not rabbits. Although hares and rabbits are in the same animal family, they are a bit different. Hares are a little larger than rabbits, and they usually have longer legs and bigger ears. Rabbits can’t see and have no fur (软毛) when they are born. They are able to see and get fur when they grow a little older. Hares, however, are born to see, fully furred and ready to run.

        Snowshoe hares live in places where the winter is cold. Just like leaves of trees turning colour in autumn, snowshoe hares turn from brown to white during the winter, so they can be of the same colour as the snow and keep away from danger. They turn brown again in spring. It takes about ten weeks for them to fully change colour. The only part of the fur that doesn’t change colour is the very tops of the ears, which stay black.

       Snowshoe hares are active at night. When the sun goes down, they come out for dinner. Grasses and berries are their favourite foods.

1．A snowshoe hare is a hare that ________.

A．wears snowshoes B．has big front legs

C．has large back legs D．lives in South America

2．The underlined word “sinking” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________” in Chinese.

A．下陷 B．弹起 C．挖掘 D．躲藏

3．Hares ________ when they are born.

A．can’t see and have no fur B．can see and have fur

C．can’t see but have fur D．can see but have no fur

4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? ________

A．The changes of colours of leaves.

B．The places where the winter is cold.

C．The danger that snowshoe hares face.

D．The changes of colours of snowshoe hares.

5．Which of the following is true? ________

A．Rabbits are a little smaller than hares.

B．Snowshoe hares are active in the daytime.

C．Snowshoe hares like grasses and leaves most.

D．Hares and rabbits are in different animal families.

（2021·山东聊城·中考真题）Welcome to learn English in Los Angeles! We can offer you great summer English courses.

        The courses last for four, six or eight weeks.They start at the end of July. Our teachers are well trained and have a lot of experience.They teach English classes for four hours a day.You can work in small or large groups: it depends on your personal choice. We provide books, and we set tests every week to check your progress.There are also computers for personal study.

        As well as learning English, we want you to experience life in the US. You can stay as a guest with an American family and take part in their daily life. You will have meals with the family and do some activities with them too. For many of our students this is the best part of the course. Many families form close friendships with the students and stay in touch with them. But if you prefer, of course, you can stay in a hotel.

        There are many exciting things to do in Los Angeles. We plan activities every day after class. You can choose to take trips to Hollywood, Disneyland or San Francisco, or you can go shopping.

        In a word, you are certain to get the best possible experience of English learning and life in the US. But you must pay for your course at least one month before it starts. Do not wait--fill out our form and come to learn English in Los Angeles!

6．The longest course probably ends in ________ .

A．July B．August C．September D．October

7．Which of the following is NOT true about the teachers? ________

A．They are well trained.

B．They set tests every day.

C．They have a lot of experience.

D．They work for four hours a day.

8．For many students, the best part of the course is ________.

A．going shopping B．staying in a hotel

C．learning English D．experiencing American family life

9．You will be asked to ________ if you want to learn English in Los Angeles.

A．fill out a form B．work in small groups

C．take trips to Hollywood D．pay for your course after class

10．The passage above is most probably ________.

A．an advertisement (广告) B．a travel guide

C．a language introduction D．an entertainment (娱乐) report

（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）What is the life in an ecosystem(生态系统)? You’re in the forest. From your place on the hill, you can see a pond below you and the sun shining above you. A pond is an area of water smaller than lake. A frog sings noisily through your binoculars(双筒望远镜), you see the cattails (香蒲）shaking in the wind. You close in on the dragonflies(蜻蜓) resting on them.

Look at a family of ducks swimming along noisily. The brothers and sisters at the end of the line hurry to keep up. At the other side of the pond, a long-legged bird, heron(苍鹭)waits patently in the reeds. Reeds are grass-liked plants in wet places. You watch carefully as the heron drops his head down into the water, when it pulls suddenly back up, you see the fish in in mouth. You may not realize it, but you are watching a great system(系统) in action.

What is a system?

A system is made up of many parts working together for a purpose(目的). But scientists divide them into two main parts, they are living and nonliving parts. Every part of system is important, if any part of system is lost, the whole system does not work.

Let’s take another look. The ducks and the herons are birds, the frog is an amphibian, which can live both on land and in water. The dragonflies are insects(昆虫)and the cattails are plants. They are all alive. What nonliving parts can you think of?Air, water sunlight, and land forms are all nonliving parts. All of these parts system are working together.

11．What does the writer want us to find in the first paragraph(段落)?

A．The sun shining above.

B．A frog singing noisily.

C．The dragonflies resting on cattails.

D．The life in an ecosystem.

12．What is a heron?

A．A heron is a small bird with short legs.

B．A heron is a big bird with long legs.

C．A heron is a kind of frogs with four legs.

D．A heron i a kind of dragonflies.

13．How does a heron make a living according o the passage?

A．It makes a living by eating ducks.

B．It makes a living by eating frogs.

C．It makes a living by eating fish.

D．It makes a living by eating dragonflies.

14．How many parts can we mainly divide the systems into according to scientist?

A．Two parts. B．Three parts. C．Four parts. D．Many parts.

15．Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The ducks and the heron are birds They are living parts.

B．The cattails are plants. They are nonliving parts.

C．The dragonflies are insects. They are living parts.

D．Air, water and sunlight are nonliving parts.

（2021·贵州遵义·中考真题）

Qomolangma is the third mountain of the Himalayas, so it is called the Third God Mountain in Tibetan language.

Qomolangma is very famous and it is higher than any other mountain in the world. Its newest height is 8, 848.86 meters, which was announced on December 8th, 2020. At the height of 8, 000 meters, there is only 30% O2 and the human body can only stand this height for a few days, so it is dangerous for humans to climb higher. But many climbers want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. As Alan Arnette, a mountain climber from America, said “Climbing mountains drives you to look deep inside yourself, and lets you find out whether you are healthy enough and strong enough in mind when you want to stop.”

It’s a good thing that Qomolangma gives people a chance to become strong-willed(意志坚强的) when trying to achieve their dreams.   ▲   because many people leave their waste behind, such as water bottles and plastic bags. They cause the environmental pollution for Qomolangma. Many local farmers said their sheep and cows would die after eating the plastic bags and it was too difficult to clean them up. Luckily, many volunteers from all over the world came to Qomolangma to join in the clean-up activity. A volunteer advised, “When climbing Qomolangma, mountain climbing lovers should always take good care of themselves, and at the same time, take good care of Qomolangma.”

16．What’s the newest height of Qomolangma?

A．8, 000 meters. B．8, 844. 43 meters. C．8, 848. 86 meters. D．8, 848. 84 meters.

17．According to Alan’s words, ________ to climb mountains.

A．you had better forget B．you will be in great danger

C．you need to be healthy enough D．you’ll know better about yourself

18．Which can be the best sentence for   ▲  ?

A．However, these years, Qomolangma is in danger

B．Climbers are easy to fall down on the mountain

C．It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top

D．But it shows that humans can sometimes be stronger

19．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A．Local farmers. B．Cows and sheep. C．Plastic bags. D．Water bottles.

20．What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Qomolangma. B．Climbers. C．Himalayas. D．Tibetan Language.

（2021·贵州遵义·中考真题）①Playing the mobile phone a lot usually makes the relationship between you and your parents difficult. Have you decided to put your mobile phone away, but you just can’t stop checking it too often? If your answer is “Yes”, maybe you are experiencing FOMO-Fear Of Missing Out.

②When you have FOMO, you might fear that others are having more fun or excitement than you do. Or you are probably afraid of missing comments(评论) from your friends on QQ, WeChat and so on, so you have to make sure that you are always online.

③It is reported that FOMO is a serious problem, which can make you feel upset, lonely and bored. And you will be easily controlled by these feelings.

④In order to solve the problems caused by FOMO, here are a few tips for you.

*Care more about yourself

Try noticing what you have instead of caring about others lives. Everyone is born different.

You can have your own way to enjoy your life.

*Keep a diary

It’s fine that you share your life on the Internet, but remember, your friends’ comments are not that important to you. So you’d better write diaries in order not to check your phone all the time.

*Find real connections

Rather than talking with people you don’t know on the Internet, why not meet someone in your real life? Talking with families, making plans with a good friend or creating a group outing are all good choices.

⑤In short, hope the advice above will help you to deal with FOMO and then you can get along well with your parents.

21．What often makes the relationship between you and your parents hard?

A．Your mobile phone. B．Your fear. C．Friends’ comments. D．Your diary.

22．You may feel ________ if you have FOMO.

A．active B．Excited C．happy D．lonely

23．How many tips are given to deal with FOMO in this passage?

A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.

24．You can find real connections by ________.

A．keeping a diary on the Internet B．chatting with someone on QQ

C．meeting someone face to face D．creating a group talking online

25．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of this passage? （①＝Paragraph 1）

A． B． C． D．