2022-2023学年山东师范大学附属中学高一上学期学科水平自我诊断英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年山东师范大学附属中学高一上学期学科水平自我诊断英语试题（解析版），共24页。试卷主要包含了 C等内容，欢迎下载使用。


山东师大附中2022-2023学年第一学期学科水平自我诊断
高一英语试题
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共 150 分，考试用时 120 分钟。
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第 I 卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，可先将答案写在试卷上。录音内容结束后，必须将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the man plan to go this year?
A. Europe. B. Asia. C. South America.
2. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Clean the floor. B. Sit in Row 5. C. Drop glass bottles.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. She wants to go swimming.
B. She is busy with her project.
C. She will have a test tomorrow.
4. What will the man probably do next?
A. Get a spare key. B. Borrow some books. C. Help his neighbor.
5. How many people will visit London for free?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面五段对话或独白。每段对话和独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. Where are the speakers?
A. At the man’s house. B. In a shop. C. At an exhibition.
7. Which picture was painted by George Anderson?
A. The Swiss Mountains.
B. The Lovely Windows.
C. The Summer Flowers.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. Why does the man feel sorry?
A. He didn’t keep an appointment.
B. He can’t look after his mother.
C. He is too busy to go to hospital.
9. What’s the woman’s attitude toward the man?
A. Sorry. B. Understanding. C. Thankful.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至第 12 题。
10. What is the problem with the woman’s watch?
A. It needs a new battery.
B. It is ruined by water.
C. It needs cleaning.
11. What does the store offer if one changes a battery there?
A. An extra battery.
B. A one-year guarantee.
C. Free cleaning service.
12. Why can’t the woman get her watch back right away?
A. The store will close soon.
B. She hasn’t got enough money.
C. The man is very busy now.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至第 16 题。
13. Who might the speakers be?
A. Police officers. B. Observers. C. Passengers.
14. What did the old lady say?
A. She didn’t see anything.
B. The traffic lights broke down.
C. The red car was driving very fast.
15. What were the kids doing when the accident happened?
A. Crossing the street.
B. Playing in their front yard.
C. Standing on the street corner.
16. What caused the accident according to Mr. Bates?
A. The red car. B. The dog. C. The blue car.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至第 20 题。
17 When does the volleyball club meet?
A. On Thursday evening.
B. On Sunday morning.
C. On Sunday evening.
18. At what time does the meeting finish?
A. 7:30. B. 9:30. C. 10:00.
19. What is the £30 used for?
A. Heating. B. Hall rental. C. Sweaters.
20. Why does the speaker leave this message?
A. To arrange a weekly meeting.
B. To recommend a sports programme.
C. To answer Marco Taylor’s questions.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Today’s modern travelers are journeying further to explore Europe off the beaten track, and bringing home new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas for an unusual holiday in Europe.
Teach skiing in Austria
Austria is one of Europe’s top skiing destinations. If you’re looking for a more unusual way to spend a winter holiday, why not consider training to be a ski instructor there? You’ll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort once you have finished your training.
Volunteer in Transylvania
Transylvania is a top choice for an unusual European city break, with wonderfully preserved medieval towns and castles that inspired the famous novel Dracula. In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe’s largest bear reserve and working with bears.
Go diving in Spain
For a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup project based in Barcelona, help to empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and help protect the environment as you travel. This volunteer project combines diving with collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.
Explore Tuscany on horseback
Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses. You don’t need to have any experience for horse riding holidays, and they are a brilliant alternative to your typical guided tour.
1. What is special about the holiday in Austria?
A. It presents travelers with a certificate.
B. It trains teenagers to be volunteers.
C. It provides skiers with a free course.
D. It offers visitors job opportunities.
2. What can visitors do in both Transylvania and Spain?
A. Take up the work as volunteers.
B. Collect waste from beer making.
C. Get access to endangered animals.
D. Appreciate ancient castles and towns.
3. Which tour best suits riders?
A. The tour in Spain.
B. The tour in Austria.
C. The tour in Tuscany.
D. The tour in Transylvania.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是不同寻常的欧洲度假的四个好主意。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Teach skiing in Austria部分的“You’ll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort once you have finished your training.(你将获得一个全球认可的资格证书，这个项目还包括在你完成培训后在滑雪场获得一份有保障的带薪教练工作。)”可知，奥地利的假期的特别之处在于它为游客提供工作机会。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Volunteer in Transylvania部分的“In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe’s largest bear reserve and working with bears.(此外，你还可以在东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，与熊一起工作，让你的不同寻常的假期体验更进一步。)”和Go diving in Spain部分的“This volunteer project combines diving with collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.(这个志愿者项目将潜水与从水中收集塑料或其他废物结合起来，同时让你有机会探索这座城市。)”可知，游客在Transylvania和西班牙都可以做志愿者。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Explore Tuscany on horseback部分的“Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses.(托斯卡纳是欧洲最适合骑马探索的地方之一，游客人数急剧增加。这里有各种各样的活动，将观光与基本的骑马课程结合起来，你可以住在文艺复兴时期的别墅和农舍里。)”可知，托斯卡纳之旅最适合骑马的人。故选C。
B
Amanda Gorman, a 22-year-old poet, recited her poem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguration (就职) Ceremony. Her words and performance were wonderful and were admired across the world. But what is even more wonderful is the story of how Amanda arrived at this moment and the lessons she offers other kids around the world.
Amanda was raised by a single mother, Joan Wicks, in Los Angeles. There was very limited television watching in their house. Encouraged by her mother, who was a teacher, Amanda fell in love with reading and writing. She gained confidence in these areas. Her passion for poetry started when she was about 8 years old.
But despite her interests and talents, she had some obstacles. Amanda has a listening processing disorder and is very sensitive to sound. She also had a speech disorder during childhood. This caused her to participate in speech treatment which helped her to turn her obstacles into gifts and strengths. As she told The Harvard Gazette in 2018, “I always saw it as a strength because since I was experiencing these obstacles in terms of my listening and speech skills, I became really good at reading and writing.”
Amanda started to dream of becoming president when she was in 6th grade. As Amanda became more confident, she became more driven to transform the world for good. She went on to earn a degree at Harvard University. And then, Amanda became the world’s first Youth Poet Laureate (获奖者) in history!
While Amanda looked calm, cool, and collected at the inauguration, she admits she is always nervous, like many of us, about public speaking. To ease this, she developed a spell that she recites to give herself confidence in moments of doubt, “I am the daughter of black writers. We are descendants (子孙) of freedom fighters who broke through chains and changed the world.”
4. What do we know about Amanda Gorman?
A. She took to reading and writing thanks to her teacher.
B. She published her first poem at the age of 8.
C. She read a poem at a presidential inauguration.
D. She became the first Youth Poet Laureate at high school.
5. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Worries . B. Changes. C. Strengths. D. Disabilities.
6. How did Amanda overcome her nervousness about public speech?
A. By seeking support from some black writers.
B. By practicing the speech context repeatedly.
C. By reciting a special sentence to herself.
D. By talking to freedom fighters before the speech.
7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To share a funny story. B. To educate disabled kids.
C. To record a wonderful moment. D. To encourage more children.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Amanda Gorman在总统就职仪式上朗诵自己的原创诗歌及她取得这一荣誉背后的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Amanda Gorman, a 22-year-old poet, recited her poem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguration (就职) Ceremony.(22岁的诗人阿曼达·戈尔曼在最近的总统就职典礼上朗诵了她的诗《我们攀登的山》)”可知，Amanda Gorman在最近的总统就职仪式上朗诵了自己的一首原创诗歌。故选C。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Amanda has a listening processing disorder and is very sensitive to sound. She also had a speech disorder during childhood.(阿曼达有听力处理障碍，对声音非常敏感。她在童年时也有语言障碍)”可知，Amanda有听力障碍，而且幼时还曾有语言障碍；再结合画线词所在句中的“despite her interests and talents”可知，此处表示尽管她有兴趣和天赋，但她也有一些障碍。由此可推知，obstacles应意为“障碍”，与A项意思相近。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To ease this, she developed a spell that she recites to give herself confidence in moments of doubt(为了缓解这种情况，她发明了一个咒语，她会背诵这个咒语，在怀疑的时候给自己信心)”可知，Amanda通过背诵一句特殊的话来缓解自己的紧张情绪。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文尤其第一段最后一句“But what is even more wonderful is the story of how Amanda arrived at this moment and the lessons she offers other kids around the world.(但更精彩的是阿曼达如何走到这一步的故事，以及她给世界各地其他孩子上的课)”可知，文章主要讲述了Amanda Gorman在总统就职仪式上朗诵了自己的一首原创诗歌及她取得这一荣誉背后的故事。由此可推知，作者想要通过这个故事来激励更多的孩子向Amanda Gorman学习。故选D。
C
Skeleton is one of the three sliding sports at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, alongside the luge (单雪橇) and bobsleigh (大雪橇). With only six medals up for grabs, skeleton has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means competition will be fierce.
The sport of skeleton has its roots in the most popular winter pastime: sleighing. In the mid-19th century, British and American holidaymakers built the first toboggan (平底雪橇) run in Davos in 1882, and thus the sport of sleighing began.
Two years later, in 1884, the famed Cresta Run—a natural ice skeleton racing toboggan track—was built in St. Moritz, Switzerland (the course has hosted the annual Grand National championships since 1885).
In 1892, a new sledge made entirely of steel was introduced, and some claim that its bony appearance gave the sledge and the sport the name ‘skeleton’.
Men’s skeleton was first introduced on the Olympic program in the 1928 Games in St. Moritz. But due to the sport only being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell into obscurity (默默无闻) while the luge and bobsleigh grew in popularity. However, in 2002, the skeleton was reintroduced as a men’s and women’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part of the Olympic program ever since.
While Great Britain has the most medals (nine) in skeleton competition at the Olympics, the top spot belongs to the United States (eight medals) by virtue of having four silvers to Great Britain’s one (both nations have three golds, while Britain has five bronze medals, and the United States one).
Great Britain is the only nation to have won a medal every time skeleton has featured at the Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal in each of the five contests of women’s skeleton since its introduction.
8. Why is the sport of skeleton very competitive in the Olympics?
A. It’s the most popular sport in winter.
B. It only has 3 medals to compete for.
C. It is a new sport at the Winter Games.
D. It only has 2 events at the Winter Games.
9. When did skeleton first appear?
A. In 1882. B. In 1885.
C. In 1892. D. In 1928.
10. Why did skeleton fall into obscurity?
A. Its material steel was rare.
B. Only men could take part in it.
C. There was only one run for it.
D. It was not on the Olympic program.
11. What makes America top Great Britain in skeleton at the Olympics?
A. The number of medals.
B. The composition of medals.
C. The performance of the athletes.
D. The times of hosting the Olympics.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了钢架雪车的发展历史和该项目在奥运会上排名靠前的国家奖牌情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With only six medals up for grabs, skeleton has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means competition will be fierce. (由于只有六枚奖牌可供争夺，钢架雪车在冬奥会上的项目最少，这意味着竞争将非常激烈。)”可知，钢架雪车之所以竞争激烈，是因为项目最少；根据第五段最后一句“However, in 2002, the skeleton was reintroduced as a men’s and women’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part of the Olympic program ever since. (然而，2002年，在盐湖城冬奥会上，钢架雪车被重新引入男子和女子项目，此后一直是奥运项目的一部分。)”可知，钢架雪车分为男子和女子项目两个项目。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“In 1892, a new sledge made entirely of steel was introduced, and some claim that its bony appearance gave the sledge and the sport the name ‘skeleton’. (1892年，一种完全由钢制成的新型雪橇被引入，一些人声称，它钢架制作的外表使雪橇和这项运动被称为“钢架雪车”。)”可知，钢架雪车首次出现是在1892年。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“But due to the sport only being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell into obscurity (默默无闻) while the luge and bobsleigh grew in popularity. (但由于这项运动当时只在克里斯塔赛道上提供，因此在单雪橇和有大雪橇越来越受欢迎的同时，这项运动也变得默默无闻。)”可知，钢架雪车之所以变得默默无闻，原因在于当时只有一个赛道能进行这项运动。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While Great Britain has the most medals (nine) in skeleton competition at the Olympics, the top spot belongs to the United States (eight medals) by virtue of having four silvers to Great Britain’s one (both nations have three golds, while Britain has five bronze medals, and the United States one). (虽然英国在奥运会上获得了最多的奖牌（9枚），但排名第一的是美国（8枚），因其获得了4枚银牌，而英国只获得了1枚银牌（两国都获得了3枚金牌，而英国获得了5枚铜牌，美国获得了1枚）。)”可知，之所以在该项运动上美国位居榜首，是根据奥运会奖牌的种类构成，而非数量。故选B项。
D
Overlooking the Davis—Gant Varsity Soccer Field, a bed of overturned soil waits for further development. In a few years, this area will become a natural habitat and a playground for animals and residents. This peaceful area didn’t appear naturally, but through planning and action taken by Catlin Gabel’s Tiny Forest project launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.
Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests flatten out time through the planting of all four layers (层),” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast—growing, native forest in about 20 years. Over 600 plants from 43 species will be planted in the tiny forest, the first one in Oregon.
Walsh was inspired to build a tiny forest after hearing about this idea which emerged in Japan and has taken hold in North America. He shared his vision with seniors in his class. The seniors researched tiny forests and made a proposal resulting in Clean Water Services donating 60 trees and $5,000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Armed with these resources, Walsh and the students started working. “Something I didn’t really expect was the outpouring of students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away,” Walsh said.
Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after working on this project, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We’re creating this educational space for many young kids,” Cover said.
Walsh summed up his goal of the project, which is to build a place where students can enjoy and learn about nature. “The forest will obviously not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.”
12. What is special about tiny forests?
A. They originated in North America.
B. They are usually planted in schools.
C. They contain various types of trees.
D. They become mature in a shorter time.
13. What surprised Walsh in the process of planting the tiny forest?
A. The abundance of native tree species.
B. Public concern about the environment.
C. The active participation of students.
D. Support from local organizations.
14. How does Megan Cover feel about the project?
A. Proud. B. Hopeful. C. Excited. D. Grateful.
15. What does Walsh want the forest to function as for the students?
A. A source of enjoyment. B. A reminder.
C. A source of inspiration. D. A witness.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在老师Patrick Walsh的带领下，学校的学生合力种下了一片小森林，在若干年后，这个地区将成为动物和居民的自然栖息地和游乐场。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests flatten out time through the planting of all four layers (层),” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast—growing, native forest in about 20 years. (森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，有四个生长阶段。Walsh解释说：“小森林通过种植所有四层植物将时间变快。”最终的结果是在大约20年的时间里，一个快速生长的原生森林。)”可知森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生长时间大大缩短了，即他们在较短的时间内变得成熟；故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中““Something I didn’t really expect was the outpouring of students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away,” Walsh said. (“我没有预料到的是学生们的热情会如此高涨。看到来自各个年级的学生自愿参与‘脏活’，我真的惊呆了。”Walsh说。)”可知Walsh 没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高，各个年级的学生都积极参与进来，这让他震惊；故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after working on this project, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We’re creating this educational space for many young kids,” Cover said. (高三学生Megan从一年级开始就在学校了。“我将在完成这个项目之后毕业，这当然令人难过，但是能够参与这个项目并尽自己的一份力量，真的是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情。我们正在为许多年轻孩子创造这样的教育空间。”)”可知Megan认为这是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情，由此可推断，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的空间感到自豪；故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The forest will obviously not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.” (森林显然不能解决气候变化问题，但是如果孩子们能够考虑到气候变化问题，并且在看到森林的时候记住重新造林和树木的重要性，那么这些努力都是值得的。”)”可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题以及重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得；由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用，故选B项。
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You’ll probably be familiar with the North American spelling of the word “ airplane”. However, if you’ve ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom, you’ve probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning. ____16____ . The American English spelling is “airplane” while the British English spelling is “aeroplane”. So, why does this happen?
Let’s look at the root of the phenomenon. ____17____ . “ British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French, but American English, when it has deviated(背离)from what British English does, often changes into the direction of seeming less French, ”says Lynne Murphy, author of The Prodigal Tongue: The Love-Hate Relationship Between British & American English.
____18____ . “Aeroplane ”is no exception. “We’re comfortable with ‘aero’ in scientific terms, but as planes became more common things to talk about, the ‘aero’ seemed too fancy, ”explains Murphy. “In Scientific American in 1906, there was already a claim that ____19____. Ten years later, ‘airplane’ was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term. It was considered in the United Kingdom, but that suggestion didn’t go anywhere.”
There’s a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently, and why that will continue to happen. “____20____ , and people are generally proud of it, so they continue to spell differently, ”says Murphy.
A. Every country has different culture
B. Your spelling tells people where you’re from
C. The word “airplane” happens to be an example
D. Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane
E. American English and British English have similar historical origins
F. There’s a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics, government, and science
G. A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages, like Latin, Greek, and French
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。本文以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例介绍了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
【16题详解】
根据空前的“However, if you’ve ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom, you’ve probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning(然而，如果你曾经乘坐国际航班离开美国前往另一个英语国家，如英国，你可能会注意到，具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同)”可知，英美语言中有一些词意思相同，但是拼写方式却不同。设空处举例说明具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同。C项：The word “airplane” happens to be an example(“飞机”这个词就是一个例子)合乎题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上句“Let’s look at the root of the phenomenon. (让我们来看看现象的根源)”可知，本段主要讲的是airplane和aeroplane 拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的“British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French, but American English, when it has deviated(背离)from what British English does, often changes into the direction of seeming less French,(英式英语一般倾向于喜欢那些让人想起法语的拼写和单词，但美式英语一旦偏离了英式英语的特点，往往会朝着看起来不那么法式的方向转变)”可知，空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项：A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages, like Latin, Greek, and French(英语中有很多单词是从其他语言借来的，比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语)合乎题意。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为本段主题句。根据空后““Aeroplane ”is no exception. “We’re comfortable with ‘aero’ in scientific terms, but as planes became more common things to talk about, the ‘aero’ seemed too fancy, ”explains Murphy.(“飞机”也不例外。墨菲解释说：“在科学术语中，aero这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aero这个词似乎太花哨了”)”以及“Ten years later, ‘airplane’ was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.(十年后，“飞机”被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语)”可知，本段主要介绍了aeroplane与airplane在拼写上的差异和科学上的联系。F项：There’s a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics, government, and science(有很多历史超越了文字，深入到政治、政府和科学) 概括本段内容，合乎题意。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空前““Aeroplane ”is no exception. “We’re comfortable with ‘aero’ in scientific terms, but as planes became more common things to talk about, the ‘aero’ seemed too fancy, ”explains Murphy.(“飞机”也不例外。墨菲解释说：“在科学术语中，aero这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aero这个词似乎太花哨了”)”讲到随着飞机的普及，带有aero的拼写方式似乎太花哨，以及空后“Ten years later, ‘airplane’ was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.( 十年后，“飞机”被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语)”故空处应涉及airplane这种拼写方式在美国得到认可。D项：Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane(Airplane这个词比aeroplane好得多)合乎题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据空前的“There’s a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently, and why that will continue to happen (意思相同的单词拼写不同，而且这种情况会继续发生，这是有原因的)”可知，设空处应是在介绍表示同一含义的单词的英式拼写和美式拼写不同这种现象持续发生的原因。B项：Your spelling tells people where you’re from(你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里)说明原因是你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里，合乎题意。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they___21___ to a crossroads, a black car hit them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and___22___ into a tree.
As smoke ___23___from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! ___24___!”
The impact had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it___25___. Shaken, but otherwise OK, she ___26___ out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also___27___ to free themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back and found Simmons in the back___28___, unconscious. She threw open the back door and___29___ her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She dragged Simmons to____30____ and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No____31____ of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR.____32____, I earned my CPR certificate yesterday. ”
She started____33____ Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No____34____. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. She was____35____ by what Norwood did and expressed her appreciation to Norwood.
21. A. came B. referred C. pointed D. led
22. A. turned B. broke C. looked D. crashed
23. A. rose B. burnt C. blew D. cleared
24. A. Get out B. Stand up C. Make out D. Put up
25. A. full B. shut C. still D. open
26. A. stepped B. drove C. climbed D. ran
27. A. attempted B. proposed C. managed D. intended
28. A. car B. yard C. door D. seat
29. A. threw B. picked C. lifted D. pulled
30. A. destination B. safety C. shelter D. emergency
31. A. goal B. record C. sign D. danger
32. A. Obviously B. Fortunately C. Hopefully D. Surely
33. A. touching B. hurting C. pressing D. checking
34. A. response B. trouble C. worry D. sense
35. A. inspired B. moved C. annoyed D. frightened
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一次车祸事故后，勇敢善良的Norwood运用自己学习的急救知识救助心脏骤停的朋友Simmons的感人故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们开车行驶到一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的小轿车撞到了他们。A. came来到；B. referred查询；C. pointed指向；D. led指引；领导。根据“a black car hit them”可知，Norwood一行人开车行驶到交通状况较为复杂的十字路口，被另一辆车撞了。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的车疾驰冲进一户人家的庭院，然后猛撞到一棵树上。A. turned转身；B. broke破损；打破；C. looked看；D. crashed碰撞；使……损毁。根据“into a tree”可知，的车辆由于被撞后失控，冲入一户人家的庭院，并撞到一棵树上。crash into sth为惯常搭配，意为“猛撞”，故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，车里冒出滚滚浓烟，一位路人大声喊道：“车马上要爆炸了。赶快从车上下来！”。A. rose上升；B. burnt燃烧；C. blew吹；D. cleared清除；清扫。根据“smoke”和下文“It’s about to blow up!”可推断得知，车辆先是冒出滚滚浓烟，然后车厢内着火，进而有可能引发爆炸。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：车马上要爆炸了。赶快从车上下来！。A. Get out出去；B. Stand up站起身；C. Make out弄明白；D. Put up张贴；留某人过夜。根据“It’s about to blow up!”可知，车辆很有可能马上要爆炸，继续待在车厢里很危险，因此要赶快逃离。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巨大的撞击让驾驶员一侧的车门严重变形凹陷，卡住无法打开。A. full满的；B. shut关闭的；C. still静止不动的；D. open开放的。根据“The impact had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door,”可知，车门塌陷变形，会让车门无法打开。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她感到非常害怕。所幸车辆其他部分损毁并不严重。她从车窗爬了出来。A. stepped向前走；踱步；B. drove驾驶；驱使；C. climbed攀爬；D. ran奔跑。根据“out through the window.”可知，Norwood是通过车窗爬到车外，故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：和两个成功从车里逃了出来的朋友一起，Norwood拼命奔跑逃命。A. attempted尝试；B. proposed提议；C. managed设法做成；D. intended打算。根据上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life.”可知，除了Norwood，另外两个朋友也设法成功从车里逃了出来。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Norwood又跑了回去，发现Simmons在后座，此时已失去了意识。A. car汽车；B. yard庭院；C. door门；D. seat座位。根据“She threw open the back door and___9___ her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could.”可知，已经失去意识的Simmons，此时仍然被困在车里，她当时坐在车后座。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把车后门打开，小心翼翼地把Simmons从车里拉拽出来，尽量避免碎掉的车窗玻璃划伤她。A. threw扔；B. picked采摘；挑选；C. lifted举起；D. pulled拉动。根据下文“She dragged Simmons to___10___ and laid her on the ground.”可知，Norwood将Simmons小心翼翼地从车里拖拽出来。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmons拖拽到一处安全的地方，让她平躺在地上。A. destination目的地；B. safety安全；C. shelter避难所；D. emergency紧急事件。根据前文“It’s about to blow up!”可知，Norwood首先要将Simmons转移到安全的地方，以免受到车辆爆炸的伤害。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Simmons已经没有了心脏跳动的生命体征。A. goal目标；B. record记录；C. sign迹象；招牌；D. danger危险。根据“That’s when I started CPR.___12___, I earned my CPR certificate yesterday. ”可知，Simmons心脏骤停，已处于危险的无生命体征的危急状态，要立刻施以紧急措施。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天刚拿到心脏复苏术（CPR）的合格证书。A. Obviously明显地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Hopefully满怀希望地；D. Surely确定地。根据上文“I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No___11___ of life,”和后文“And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.”可知，昨天才刚拿到CPR证书的Norwood运用自己所学习到的急救技术，将生命岌岌可危的Simmons救了下来，这实在是很幸运的事情，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始用力按压Simmons的胸口，还不停地对其进行人工呼吸，希望能给Simmons的肺部注入氧气。A. touching触摸；B. hurting伤害；C. pressing施压；D. checking检查。根据下文“after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths”可知，Norwood一边按压Simmons的胸口，一边进行人工呼吸。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时Simmons仍然没有反应。A. response回应；反应；B. trouble麻烦；困扰C. worry担忧；D. sense感觉。根据“And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.”可知，Norwood向Simmons施救时，一开始她并没有苏醒过来。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norwood的举动令Simmons深受感动。她也向表达了Norwood表达了感谢。A. inspired鼓舞；B. moved感动；C. annoyed使恼怒；D. frightened使惊吓。根据前文“She dragged Simmons to___10___ and laid her on the ground.”和“And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.”可知，不顾危险将失去意识的Simmons从车里救出来，Norwood发现她心脏骤停后，又用心脏复苏术救活了她，Norwood的举动令人感动，故选B项。
第 II 卷
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a freshman, Adam found it___36___ really big challenge to go from junior school to senior school. He had to think about which courses he wanted to take. Luckily, the school adviser helped him choose the___37___ (suit) courses. Since he was good at English, the school adviser recommended him to sign up for___38___ (advance) literature.
【答案】36. a 37. suitable
38. advanced
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了亚当升入高中后所遇到的挑战。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：亚当是一名高一新生，他发现从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。名词challenge单数形式且副词really音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：幸运是，学校指导老师帮他选了适合他的课程。名词courses前用形容词修饰。故填suitable。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于他擅长英语，学校的指导老师建议他报高级文学班。名词literature前用形容词修饰。故填advanced。
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People in Tangshan will never forget the day ___39___ the big earthquake happened. On 3:42 a.m., on 28July 1976, the city began to shake. The earthquake caused great damage to Tangshan and its people. Just in ___40___ (little) than one minute, the whole city lay in ruins. The number of people who ___41___ (injure) or killed in the quake was more than 400,000. But hope was not lost.___42___ joint efforts, Tangshan was built upon the ruins.
【答案】39. when
40. less 41. were injured
42. With
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是唐山大地震所带来的破坏。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：唐山人永远不会忘记大地震发生的那一天。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词day是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。
【40题详解】
考查比较级。句意：不到一分钟，整个城市就成了一片废墟。由than可知，空格处用比较级，是less，故填less。
【41题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在地震中受伤或死亡的人数超过40万。空格处作who引导的定语从句中的谓语，“受伤”是be injured，由was可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语who指代先行词people，是复数，因此空格处是were injured。故填were injured。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：在大家的共同努力下，唐山在废墟上重建起来。句子表示“在大家的共同努力下，唐山在废墟上重建起来”，空格处意为“有了”，用介词with，位于句首，首字母大写，故填With。
C
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. They are being hunted _____43_____ (legal) for their valuable fur. In order to save them from _____44_____(die) out, our government took a series of effective measures.___45___ the Tibetan antelope has been removed from the endangered species list, our government won’t stop the protection program.
【答案】43. illegally
44. dying 45. Although##Though##While
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍我国政府采取相关措施去保护藏羚羊。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们因珍贵的毛皮而被非法捕猎。分析句子结构，该空修饰动词are being hunted，作状语，所以此处要用其副词形式；由后文可知，藏羚羊属于濒危物种，所以捕猎它们是非法的，由此可知该空填副词illegally，表示“非法地”。故填illegally。
【44题详解】
考查动名词。句意：为了避免它们灭绝，我国政府采取了一系列有效措施。from是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填dying。
【45题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管藏羚羊已从濒危物种名单中删除，但我们的政府不会停止保护计划。由句意可知，“the Tibetan antelope has been removed from the endangered species list”和“our government won’t stop the protection program”之间句意呈让步转折关系，所以空处填从属连词although/though/while，表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节 单词拼写 （共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
根据汉语或者首字母提示，写出下列单词的正确形式。
（注意：该部分词汇来自于考查单元的黑体单词。答案须以完整单词（含首字母）的形式填写到答题卡上，否则不得分。）
46. As is known to all, Spanish is the main o_______language of Peru.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】official ##fficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，西班牙语是秘鲁主要官方语言。修饰名词language ，前用形容词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填official 。
47. It is said that doing sports may help improve teenagers’_______(信心). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】confidence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：据说做运动有助于提高青少年的自信心。根据汉语提示“信心”和空格所在位置，空处填名词confidence，不可数名词作宾语。故填confidence。
48. Although Eric_______(原谅) what Henry did, he still refused to attend Henry’s party. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】forgave
【解析】
【详解】考查动词及动词时态。句意：尽管埃里克原谅了亨利的所作所为，但他仍然拒绝参加亨利的聚会。根据汉语提示“原谅”，空处填动词forgive；由提示动词“refused”可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填forgave。故填forgave。
49. With the help of Angela, we finished the project ahead of_______(工作计划). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】schedule
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在安吉拉的帮助下，我们提前完成了项目。由“With the help of Angela, we finished the project ahead of”可知，“工作计划”是schedule，ahead of schedule是固定短语，意为“提前”，故填schedule。
50. This ancient building was completely d_______in the fire last week. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】destroyed##estroyed
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这座古建筑在上周的大火中被完全烧毁了。由“in the fire”可知，句子表示“这座古建筑在上周的大火中被完全烧毁了”，空格处意为“破坏，毁灭”，由首字母提示d可知，是destroy，建筑被烧毁，句子用被动语态，空格处用过去分词，故填destroyed。
51. With the exam coming, James is under great p_______and finds it hard to stay focused. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】pressure##ressure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着考试临近，詹姆斯正承受巨大压力，并且发现自己很难集中注意力。分析句意和首字母可知，此处使用名词pressure，构成固定短语under great pressure“承受巨大压力”，故填pressure。
52. Despite many f_______, he never thought of giving up. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】failures##ailures
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：尽管多次失败，他从未想过放弃。根据提示词“Despite”可知，空前空后内容呈转折关系，此处表示尽管经历了许多次“失败”，所以填名词failure，空前是many，要填可数名词的复数形式，即failures。failure作可数名词时表示“失败的事/人”。故答案为failures。
53. Mr. Brown agreed to meet us at the_______(入口) to the museum. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】entrance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：布朗先生同意在博物馆门口等我们。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词entrance“入口”，满足句意要求。故填entrance。
54. Having travelled a lot around the world, he changed his_______(态度) to life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】attitude
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在周游世界之后，他改变了对生活的态度。形容词性物主代词his后接名词形式作宾语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填attitude。
55. According to the scientific study 150 species on a_______are lost every day. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】average##verage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项科学研究表明，平均每天都会有150个物种灭绝。根据单词首字母及句意“平均”以及空格前介词on的可知，该空格处应填写名词，作宾语；on average为固定搭配，意为“平均地”，故填average。
第二节 书面表达 （满分 25 分）
56. 假定你是校英语报记者李华。为推广中国传统文化，激发学生的书法兴趣，学校上周举办了学生书法作品展。请你根据以下要点写一篇新闻报道。
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动介绍（参展作品、参加人员、时间地点等）；
3. 活动反响。
注意:
1. 字数80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Calligraphy Exhibition
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 A Calligraphy Exhibition
In order to raise students’ awareness of Chinese culture and get them to develop interest in Chinese calligraphy, our school held a Chinese calligraphy exhibition in the lecture hall last Friday.
During the exhibition, more than 100 calligraphy works that were written by students and teachers were on show. What’s more, a video about the development of Chinese calligraphy was played during the exhibition. The students not only appreciated the unique charm of the strokes and lines but also had a deeper understanding of this means of showing the character of the “man behind the brush”
In conclusion, the activity turned out to be a great success, which was highly thought of by both teachers and students.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于新闻报道，要求考生写一篇新闻报道，报道学校上周举办的学生书法作品展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高：raise→boost
方法：means→way
在公开展出：on show→on display
另外：what’s more→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to raise students’ awareness of Chinese culture and get them to develop interest in Chinese calligraphy, our school held a Chinese calligraphy exhibition in the lecture hall last Friday.
拓展句：Our school held a Chinese calligraphy exhibition in the lecture hall last Friday, whose purpose was to raise students’ awareness of Chinese culture and get them to develop interest in Chinese calligraphy.
【点睛】[高分句型1] During the exhibition, more than 100 calligraphy works that were written by students and teachers were on show. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In conclusion, the activity turned out to be a great success, which was highly thought of by both teachers and students. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)