山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期学科水平自我诊断英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期学科水平自我诊断英语试卷(含答案)，共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，首字母填空，书面表达，单词拼写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Tday’s mdern travelers are jurneying further t explre Eurpe ff the beaten track, and bringing hme new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas fr an unusual hliday in Eurpe.
Teach skiing in Austria
Austria is ne f Eurpe’s tp skiing destinatins. If yu’re lking fr a mre unusual way t spend a winter hliday, why nt cnsider training t be a ski instructr there? Yu’ll gain a qualificatin that is recgnized wrldwide, and this prgramme includes a guaranteed paid instructr jb at a ski resrt nce yu have finished yur training.
Vlunteer in Transylvania
Transylvania is a tp chice fr an unusual Eurpean city break, with wnderfully preserved medieval twns and castles that inspired the famus nvel Dracula. In additin, yu can take yur unusual hliday experience even further by vlunteering in Eastern Eurpe’s largest bear reserve and wrking with bears.
G diving in Spain
Fr a Eurpean hliday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup prject based in Barcelna, help t empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and help prtect the envirnment as yu travel. This vlunteer prject cmbines diving with cllecting plastic r ther waste frm the water, alngside giving yu the chance t explre the city.
Explre Tuscany n hrseback
Tuscany, ne f the best places in Eurpe t explre n hrseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are varius activities that cmbine sightseeing with basic hrse riding lessns and yu can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhuses. Yu dn’t need t have any experience fr hrse riding hlidays, and they are a brilliant alternative t yur typical guided tur.
1、What is special abut the hliday in Austria?
A. It presents travelers with a certificate.
B. It trains teenagers t be vlunteers.
C. It prvides skiers with a free curse.
D. It ffers visitrs jb pprtunities.
2、What can visitrs d in bth Transylvania and Spain?
A. Take up the wrk as vlunteers.
B. Cllect waste frm beer making.
C. Get access t endangered animals.
D. Appreciate ancient castles and twns.
3、Which tur best suits riders?
A. The tur in Spain.B. The tur in Austria.
C. The tur in Tuscany.D. The tur in Transylvania.
Amanda Grman, a 22-year-ld pet, recited her pem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguratin (就职) Ceremny. Her wrds and perfrmance were wnderful and were admired acrss the wrld. But what is even mre wnderful is the stry f hw Amanda arrived at this mment and the lessns she ffers ther kids arund the wrld.
Amanda was raised by a single mther, Jan Wicks, in Ls Angeles. There was very limited televisin watching in their huse. Encuraged by her mther, wh was a teacher, Amanda fell in lve with reading and writing. She gained cnfidence in these areas. Her passin fr petry started when she was abut 8 years ld.
But despite her interests and talents, she had sme bstacles. Amanda has a listening prcessing disrder and is very sensitive t sund. She als had a speech disrder during childhd. This caused her t participate in speech treatment which helped her t turn her bstacles int gifts and strengths. As she tld The Harvard Gazette in 2018, “I always saw it as a strength because since I was experiencing these bstacles in terms f my listening and speech skills, I became really gd at reading and writing.”
Amanda started t dream f becming president when she was in 6th grade. As Amanda became mre cnfident, she became mre driven t transfrm the wrld fr gd. She went n t earn a degree at Harvard University. And then, Amanda became the wrld’s first Yuth Pet Laureate (获奖者) in histry!
While Amanda lked calm, cl, and cllected at the inauguratin, she admits she is always nervus, like many f us, abut public speaking. T ease this, she develped a spell that she recites t give herself cnfidence in mments f dubt, “I am the daughter f black writers. We are descendants (子孙) f freedm fighters wh brke thrugh chains and changed the wrld.”
4、What d we knw abut Amanda Grman?
A. She tk t reading and writing thanks t her teacher.
B. She published her first pem at the age f 8.
C. She read a pem at a presidential inauguratin.
D. She became the first Yuth Pet Laureate at high schl.
5、What des the underlined wrd “bstacles” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Wrries .B. Changes.C. Strengths.D. Disabilities.
6、Hw did Amanda vercme her nervusness abut public speech?
A. By seeking supprt frm sme black writers.
B. By practicing the speech cntext repeatedly.
C. By reciting a special sentence t herself.
D. By talking t freedm fighters befre the speech.
7、What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T share a funny stry.B. T educate disabled kids.
C. T recrd a wnderful mment.D. T encurage mre children.
Skeletn is ne f the three sliding sprts at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, alngside the luge (单雪橇) and bbsleigh (大雪橇). With nly six medals up fr grabs, skeletn has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means cmpetitin will be fierce.
The sprt f skeletn has its rts in the mst ppular winter pastime: sleighing. In the mid-19th century, British and American hlidaymakers built the first tbggan (平底雪橇) run in Davs in 1882, and thus the sprt f sleighing began.
Tw years later, in 1884, the famed Cresta Run—a natural ice skeletn racing tbggan track—was built in St. Mritz, Switzerland (the curse has hsted the annual Grand Natinal champinships since 1885).
In 1892, a new sledge made entirely f steel was intrduced, and sme claim that its bny appearance gave the sledge and the sprt the name ‘skeletn’.
Men’s skeletn was first intrduced n the Olympic prgram in the 1928 Games in St. Mritz. But due t the sprt nly being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell int bscurity (默默无闻) while the luge and bbsleigh grew in ppularity. Hwever, in 2002, the skeletn was reintrduced as a men’s and wmen’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part f the Olympic prgram ever since.
While Great Britain has the mst medals (nine) in skeletn cmpetitin at the Olympics, the tp spt belngs t the United States (eight medals) by virtue f having fur silvers t Great Britain’s ne (bth natins have three glds, while Britain has five brnze medals, and the United States ne).
Great Britain is the nly natin t have wn a medal every time skeletn has featured at the Olympic Games, and has wn at least ne medal in each f the five cntests f wmen’s skeletn since its intrductin.
8、Why is the sprt f skeletn very cmpetitive in the Olympics?
A. It’s the mst ppular sprt in winter.
B. It nly has 3 medals t cmpete fr.
C. It is a new sprt at the Winter Games.
D. It nly has 2 events at the Winter Games.
9、When did skeletn first appear?
A. In 1882.B. In 1885.C. In 1892.D. In 1928.
10、Why did skeletn fall int bscurity?
A. Its material steel was rare.B. Only men culd take part in it.
C. There was nly ne run fr it.D. It was nt n the Olympic prgram.
11、What makes America tp Great Britain in skeletn at the Olympics?
A. The number f medals.B. The cmpsitin f medals.
C. The perfrmance f the athletes.D. The times f hsting the Olympics.
Overlking the Davis-Gant Varsity Sccer Field, a bed f verturned sil waits fr further develpment. In a few years, this area will becme a natural habitat and a playgrund fr animals and residents. This peaceful area didn't appear naturally, but thrugh planning and actin taken by Catlin Gabel's Tiny Frest prject launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.
Frests typically take hundreds f years t be fully grwn, with fur stages f grwth. "Tiny frests shrten the time thrugh the planting f all fur layers," Walsh explained. The end result is a fast-grwing, native frest in abut 20 years. Over 600 plants frm 43 species will be planted in the tiny frest, the first ne in Oregn.
Walsh was inspired t build a tiny frest after hearing abut this idea, which emerged in Japan and has taken hld in Nrth America. He shared his visin with senirs in his class. The senirs researched tiny frests and made a prpsal resulting in Clean Water Services dnating 60 trees and $ 5, 000 frm the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin. Armed with these resurces, Walsh and the students started wrking. "Smething I didn't really expect was the utpuring f students' enthusiasm. Seeing students frm all grades vlunteered t cntribute t the 'dirty wrk' really blew me away," Walsh said.
Senir Megan Cver has been at the schl since the first grade. "I'll graduate after wrking n this prject, which is surely sad, but it's really rewarding and great t be a part f this prject and d my bit. We're creating this educatinal space fr many yung kids, " Cver said.
Walsh summed up his gal f the prject, which is t build a place where students can enjy and learn abut nature. "The frest will bviusly nt slve climate change, but it wuld deserve the effrts if the kids think abut climate change and remember the imprtance f refrestatin（重新造林）and trees when they lk at the frest."
12、What is special abut tiny frests?
A. They riginated in Nrth America.B. They are usually planted in schls.
C. They cntain varius types f trees.D. They becme fully grwn in a shrter time.
13、What surprised Walsh in the prcess f planting the tiny frest?
A. The abundance f native tree species.B. Public cncern abut the envirnment.
C. The active participatin f students.D. Supprt frm lcal rganizatins.
14、Hw des Megan Cver feel abut the prject?
A. Prud.B. Hpeful.C. ExcitedD. Grateful.
15、What des Walsh want the frest t functin as fr the students?
A. A surce f enjyment.B. A reminder.
C. A surce f inspiratin.D. A witness
二、七选五
16、Yu’ll prbably be familiar with the Nrth American spelling f the wrd “airplane”. Hwever, if yu’ve ever been n an internatinal flight leaving the United States and ging t anther English-speaking cuntry like the United Kingdm, yu’ve prbably nticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings f wrds with the same meaning. ①______. The American English spelling is “airplane” while the British English spelling is “aerplane”. S, why des this happen?
Let’s lk at the rt f the phenmenn. ②______. “British English has a general tendency t favur spellings and wrds that remind peple f French, but American English, when it has deviated(背离)frm what British English des, ften changes int the directin f seeming less French, ”says Lynne Murphy, authr f The Prdigal Tngue: The Lve-Hate Relatinship Between British & American English.
③______. “Aerplane ”is n exceptin. “We’re cmfrtable with ‘aer’ in scientific terms, but as planes became mre cmmn things t talk abut, the ‘aer’ seemed t fancy,” explains Murphy. “In Scientific American in 1906, there was already a claim that ④______. Ten years later, ‘airplane’ was adpted by the Natinal Advisry Cmmittee fr Aernautics as their term. It was cnsidered in the United Kingdm, but that suggestin didn’t g anywhere.”
There’s a gd reasn why wrds that mean the same thing are spelled differently, and why that will cntinue t happen. “⑤______, and peple are generally prud f it, s they cntinue t spell differently, ”says Murphy.
A. Every cuntry has different culture
B. Yur spelling tells peple where yu’re frm
C. The wrd “airplane” happens t be an example
D. Airplane is a much better wrd than aerplane
E. American English and British English have similar histrical rigins
F. There’s a lt f histry that ges beynd wrds and dives deep int plitics, gvernment, and science
G. A lt f wrds in the English language are brrwed frm ther languages, like Latin, Greek, and French
三、完形填空（15空）
17-year-ld Nrwd was driving three friends hme in St. Petersburg, Flrida, n February 20. As they 1 t a crssrads, a black car hit them. Their car sailed int smene’s yard and 2 int a tree.
As smke 3 frm the car, a bystander shuted, “It’s abut t blw up! 4 !”
The impact had caved in Nrwd’s driver’s side dr, jamming it 5 . Shaken, but therwise OK, she 6 ut thrugh the windw. Alng with tw f her friends, wh’d als 7 t free themselves, Nrwd ran fr her life.
But halfway dwn the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmns, wasn’t with them. Nrwd ran back and fund Simmns in the back 8 , uncnscius. She threw pen the back dr and 9 her friend ut, aviding the brken glass as best as she culd. She dragged Simmns t 10 and laid her n the grund. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. N 11 f life,” Nrwd tld CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. 12 , I earned my CPR certificate yesterday. ”
She started 13 Simmns’s chest and breathing int her friend’s muth in hpes f filling her lungs with the kiss f life. N 14 . And then, after the 30 cmpressins (按压) and tw rescue breaths, Simmns regained cnsciusness. She was 15 by what Nrwd did and expressed her appreciatin t Nrwd.
17、A. cameB. referredC. pintedD. led
18、A. turnedB. brkeC. lkedD. crashed
19、A. rseB. burntC. blewD. cleared
20、A. Get utB. Stand upC. Make utD. Put up
21、A. fullB. shutC. stillD. pen
22、A. steppedB. drveC. climbedD. ran
23、A. attemptedB. prpsedC. managedD. intended
24、A. carB. yardC. drD. seat
25、A. threwB. pickedC. liftedD. pulled
26、A. destinatinB. safetyC. shelterD. emergency
27、A. galB. recrdC. signD. danger
28、A. ObviuslyB. FrtunatelyC. HpefullyD. Surely
29、A. tuchingB. hurtingC. pressingD. checking
30、A. respnseB. trubleC. wrryD. sense
31、A. inspiredB. mvedC. annyedD. frightened
四、短文填空
32、As a freshman, Adam fund it ①________ really big challenge t g frm junir schl t senir schl. He had t think abut which curses he wanted t take. Luckily, the schl adviser helped him chse the ②________ (suit) curses. Since he was gd at English, the schl adviser recmmended him t sign up fr ③________ (advance) literature.
33、Peple in Tangshan will never frget the day ①________ the big earthquake happened. On 3:42 a.m., n 28July 1976, the city began t shake. The earthquake caused great damage t Tangshan and its peple. Just in ②________ (little) than ne minute, the whle city lay in ruins. The number f peple wh ③________ (injure) r killed in the quake was mre than 400,000. But hpe was nt lst. ④________ jint effrts, Tangshan was built upn the ruins.
34、Tibetan antelpes live n the plains f Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. They are being hunted ①________ (legal) fr their valuable fur. In rder t save them frm ②________ (die) ut, ur gvernment tk a series f effective measures. ③________ the Tibetan antelpe has been remved frm the endangered species list, ur gvernment wn’t stp the prtectin prgram.
五、首字母填空
35、As is knwn t all, Spanish is the main ________ language f Peru.(根据首字母单词拼写)
36、This ancient building was cmpletely d________ in the fire last week. (根据首字母单词拼写)
37、With the exam cming, James is under great p________ and finds it hard t stay fcused. (根据首字母单词拼写)
38、Despite many f________, he never thught f giving up. (根据首字母单词拼写)
39、Accrding t the scientific study, 150 species n a________ are lst every day. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、书面表达
40、假定你是校英语报记者李华。为推广中国传统文化，激发学生的书法兴趣，学校上周举办了学生书法作品展。请你根据以下要点写一篇新闻报道。
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动介绍（参展作品、参加人员、时间地点等）；
3. 活动反响。
注意:
1. 字数80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Calligraphy Exhibitin
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、单词拼写
41、It is said that ding sprts may help imprve teenagers’ ________ (信心). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
42、Althugh Eric ________ (原谅) what Henry did, he still refused t attend Henry’s party. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
43、With the help f Angela, we finished the prject ahead f ________ (工作计划). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
44、Mr. Brwn agreed t meet us at the ________ (入口) t the museum. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
45、Having travelled a lt arund the wrld, he changed his ________ (态度) t life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Teach skiing in Austria部分的“Yu’ll gain a qualificatin that is recgnized wrldwide, and this prgramme includes a guaranteed paid instructr jb at a ski resrt nce yu have finished yur training.(你将获得一个全球认可的资格证书，这个项目还包括在你完成培训后在滑雪场获得一份有保障的带薪教练工作。)”可知，奥地利的假期的特别之处在于它为游客提供工作机会。故选D。
2、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Vlunteer in Transylvania部分的“In additin, yu can take yur unusual hliday experience even further by vlunteering in Eastern Eurpe’s largest bear reserve and wrking with bears.(此外，你还可以在东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，与熊一起工作，让你的不同寻常的假期体验更进一步。)”和G diving in Spain部分的“This vlunteer prject cmbines diving with cllecting plastic r ther waste frm the water, alngside giving yu the chance t explre the city.(这个志愿者项目将潜水与从水中收集塑料或其他废物结合起来，同时让你有机会探索这座城市。)”可知，游客在Transylvania和西班牙都可以做志愿者。故选A。
3、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Explre Tuscany n hrseback部分的“Tuscany, ne f the best places in Eurpe t explre n hrseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are varius activities that cmbine sightseeing with basic hrse riding lessns and yu can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhuses.(托斯卡纳是欧洲最适合骑马探索的地方之一，游客人数急剧增加。这里有各种各样的活动，将观光与基本的骑马课程结合起来，你可以住在文艺复兴时期的别墅和农舍里。)”可知，托斯卡纳之旅最适合骑马的人。故选C。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Amanda Grman, a 22-year-ld pet, recited her pem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguratin (就职) Ceremny.(22岁的诗人阿曼达·戈尔曼在最近的总统就职典礼上朗诵了她的诗《我们攀登的山》)”可知，Amanda Grman在最近的总统就职仪式上朗诵了自己的一首原创诗歌。故选C。
5、答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Amanda has a listening prcessing disrder and is very sensitive t sund. She als had a speech disrder during childhd.(阿曼达有听力处理障碍，对声音非常敏感。她在童年时也有语言障碍)”可知，Amanda有听力障碍，而且幼时还曾有语言障碍；再结合画线词所在句中的“despite her interests and talents”可知，此处表示尽管她有兴趣和天赋，但她也有一些障碍。由此可推知，bstacles应意为“障碍”，与A项意思相近。故选D。
6、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“T ease this, she develped a spell that she recites t give herself cnfidence in mments f dubt(为了缓解这种情况，她发明了一个咒语，她会背诵这个咒语，在怀疑的时候给自己信心)”可知，Amanda通过背诵一句特殊的话来缓解自己的紧张情绪。故选C。
7、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文尤其第一段最后一句“But what is even mre wnderful is the stry f hw Amanda arrived at this mment and the lessns she ffers ther kids arund the wrld.(但更精彩的是阿曼达如何走到这一步的故事，以及她给世界各地其他孩子上的课)”可知，文章主要讲述了Amanda Grman在总统就职仪式上朗诵了自己的一首原创诗歌及她取得这一荣誉背后的故事。由此可推知，作者想要通过这个故事来激励更多的孩子向Amanda Grman学习。故选D。
8、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With nly six medals up fr grabs, skeletn has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means cmpetitin will be fierce. (由于只有六枚奖牌可供争夺，钢架雪车在冬奥会上的项目最少，这意味着竞争将非常激烈。)”可知，钢架雪车之所以竞争激烈，是因为项目最少；根据第五段最后一句“Hwever, in 2002, the skeletn was reintrduced as a men’s and wmen’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part f the Olympic prgram ever since. (然而，2002年，在盐湖城冬奥会上，钢架雪车被重新引入男子和女子项目，此后一直是奥运项目的一部分。)”可知，钢架雪车分为男子和女子项目两个项目。故选D项。
9、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“In 1892, a new sledge made entirely f steel was intrduced, and sme claim that its bny appearance gave the sledge and the sprt the name ‘skeletn’. (1892年，一种完全由钢制成的新型雪橇被引入，一些人声称，它钢架制作的外表使雪橇和这项运动被称为“钢架雪车”。)”可知，钢架雪车首次出现是在1892年。故选C项。
10、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“But due t the sprt nly being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell int bscurity (默默无闻) while the luge and bbsleigh grew in ppularity. (但由于这项运动当时只在克里斯塔赛道上提供，因此在单雪橇和有大雪橇越来越受欢迎的同时，这项运动也变得默默无闻。)”可知，钢架雪车之所以变得默默无闻，原因在于当时只有一个赛道能进行这项运动。故选C项。
11、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While Great Britain has the mst medals (nine) in skeletn cmpetitin at the Olympics, the tp spt belngs t the United States (eight medals) by virtue f having fur silvers t Great Britain’s ne (bth natins have three glds, while Britain has five brnze medals, and the United States ne). (虽然英国在奥运会上获得了最多的奖牌（9枚），但排名第一的是美国（8枚），因其获得了4枚银牌，而英国只获得了1枚银牌（两国都获得了3枚金牌，而英国获得了5枚铜牌，美国获得了1枚）。)”可知，之所以在该项运动上美国位居榜首，是根据奥运会奖牌的种类构成，而非数量。故选B项。
12、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Tiny frests shrten the time thrugh the planting f all fur layers”（小森林通过种植所有的四层植物来缩短时间）并结合上文可知，森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是人工种植缩短了小森林的生长时间。故选D。
13、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Smething I didn't really expect was the utpuring f students' enthusiasm”(我没有想到的是学生喷涌而出的热情)可知，Walsh没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高。各个年级的学生都主动加入种植小森林的活动中，这让他震惊。故选C。
14、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Megan Cver 的话"it's really rewarding and great t be a part f this prject and d my bit."（这真的非常有益，参与其中尽自己的一份力感觉非常棒)可知，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的园地感到自豪。故选A。
15、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The frest will bviusly nt slve climate change, but it wuld deserve the effrts if the kids think abut climate change and remember the imprtance f refrestatin (重新造林) and trees when they lk at the frest.”(这片森林当然无法解决气候变化的问题，但是如果它能让孩子们反思一下气候变化并在看到它的时候记得重新造林的重要性就值得尝试)可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题，牢记重新造林的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得。由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用。故选B。
16、答案：①-⑤CGFDB
解析：本文是说明文。本文以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aerplane在拼写上的差异为例介绍了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
①根据空前的“Hwever, if yu’ve ever been n an internatinal flight leaving the United States and ging t anther English-speaking cuntry like the United Kingdm, yu’ve prbably nticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings f wrds with the same meaning(然而，如果你曾经乘坐国际航班离开美国前往另一个英语国家，如英国，你可能会注意到，具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同)”可知，英美语言中有一些词意思相同，但是拼写方式却不同。设空处举例说明具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同。C项：The wrd “airplane” happens t be an example(“飞机”这个词就是一个例子)合乎题意。故选C。
②根据上句“Let’s lk at the rt f the phenmenn. (让我们来看看现象的根源)”可知，本段主要讲的是airplane和aerplane 拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的“British English has a general tendency t favur spellings and wrds that remind peple f French, but American English, when it has deviated(背离)frm what British English des, ften changes int the directin f seeming less French,(英式英语一般倾向于喜欢那些让人想起法语的拼写和单词，但美式英语一旦偏离了英式英语的特点，往往会朝着看起来不那么法式的方向转变)”可知，空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项：A lt f wrds in the English language are brrwed frm ther languages, like Latin, Greek, and French(英语中有很多单词是从其他语言借来的，比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语)合乎题意。故选G。
③空处为本段主题句。根据空后““Aerplane ”is n exceptin. “We’re cmfrtable with ‘aer’ in scientific terms, but as planes became mre cmmn things t talk abut, the ‘aer’ seemed t fancy, ”explains Murphy.(“飞机”也不例外。墨菲解释说：“在科学术语中，aer这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aer这个词似乎太花哨了”)”以及“Ten years later, ‘airplane’ was adpted by the Natinal Advisry Cmmittee fr Aernautics as their term.(十年后，“飞机”被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语)”可知，本段主要介绍了aerplane与airplane在拼写上的差异和科学上的联系。F项：There’s a lt f histry that ges beynd wrds and dives deep int plitics, gvernment, and science(有很多历史超越了文字，深入到政治、政府和科学) 概括本段内容，合乎题意。故选F。
④根据空前““Aerplane ”is n exceptin. “We’re cmfrtable with ‘aer’ in scientific terms, but as planes became mre cmmn things t talk abut, the ‘aer’ seemed t fancy, ”explains Murphy.(“飞机”也不例外。墨菲解释说：“在科学术语中，aer这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aer这个词似乎太花哨了”)”讲到随着飞机的普及，带有aer的拼写方式似乎太花哨，以及空后“Ten years later, ‘airplane’ was adpted by the Natinal Advisry Cmmittee fr Aernautics as their term.( 十年后，“飞机”被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语)”故空处应涉及airplane这种拼写方式在美国得到认可。D项：Airplane is a much better wrd than aerplane(Airplane这个词比aerplane好得多)合乎题意。故选D。
⑤根据空前的“There’s a gd reasn why wrds that mean the same thing are spelled differently, and why that will cntinue t happen (意思相同的单词拼写不同，而且这种情况会继续发生，这是有原因的)”可知，设空处应是在介绍表示同一含义的单词的英式拼写和美式拼写不同这种现象持续发生的原因。B项：Yur spelling tells peple where yu’re frm(你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里)说明原因是你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里，合乎题意。故选B。
17、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们开车行驶到一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的小轿车撞到了他们。A. came来到；B. referred查询；C. pinted指向；D. led指引；领导。根据“a black car hit them”可知，Nrwd一行人开车行驶到交通状况较为复杂的十字路口，被另一辆车撞了。故选A项。
18、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的车疾驰冲进一户人家的庭院，然后猛撞到一棵树上。A. turned转身；B. brke破损；打破；C. lked看；D. crashed碰撞；使……损毁。根据“int a tree”可知，的车辆由于被撞后失控，冲入一户人家的庭院，并撞到一棵树上。crash int sth为惯常搭配，意为“猛撞”，故选D项。
19、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，车里冒出滚滚浓烟，一位路人大声喊道：“车马上要爆炸了。赶快从车上下来！”。A. rse上升；B. burnt燃烧；C. blew吹；D. cleared清除；清扫。根据“smke”和下文“It’s abut t blw up!”可推断得知，车辆先是冒出滚滚浓烟，然后车厢内着火，进而有可能引发爆炸。故选A项。
20、答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：车马上要爆炸了。赶快从车上下来！。A. Get ut出去；B. Stand up站起身；C. Make ut弄明白；D. Put up张贴；留某人过夜。根据“It’s abut t blw up!”可知，车辆很有可能马上要爆炸，继续待在车厢里很危险，因此要赶快逃离。故选A项。
21、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巨大的撞击让驾驶员一侧的车门严重变形凹陷，卡住无法打开。A. full满的；B. shut关闭的；C. still静止不动的；D. pen开放的。根据“The impact had caved in Nrwd’s driver’s side dr,”可知，车门塌陷变形，会让车门无法打开。故选B项。
22、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她感到非常害怕。所幸车辆其他部分损毁并不严重。她从车窗爬了出来。A. stepped向前走；踱步；B. drve驾驶；驱使；C. climbed攀爬；D. ran奔跑。根据“ut thrugh the windw.”可知，Nrwd是通过车窗爬到车外，故选C项。
23、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：和两个成功从车里逃了出来的朋友一起，Nrwd拼命奔跑逃命。A. attempted尝试；B. prpsed提议；C. managed设法做成；D. intended打算。根据上文“Alng with tw f her friends”和下文“Nrwd ran fr her life.”可知，除了Nrwd，另外两个朋友也设法成功从车里逃了出来。故选C项。
24、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Nrwd又跑了回去，发现Simmns在后座，此时已失去了意识。A. car汽车；B. yard庭院；C. dr门；D. seat座位。根据“She threw pen the back dr and___9___ her friend ut, aviding the brken glass as best as she culd.”可知，已经失去意识的Simmns，此时仍然被困在车里，她当时坐在车后座。故选D项。
25、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把车后门打开，小心翼翼地把Simmns从车里拉拽出来，尽量避免碎掉的车窗玻璃划伤她。A. threw扔；B. picked采摘；挑选；C. lifted举起；D. pulled拉动。根据下文“She dragged Simmns t___10___ and laid her n the grund.”可知，Nrwd将Simmns小心翼翼地从车里拖拽出来。故选D项。
26、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmns拖拽到一处安全的地方，让她平躺在地上。A. destinatin目的地；B. safety安全；C. shelter避难所；D. emergency紧急事件。根据前文“It’s abut t blw up!”可知，Nrwd首先要将Simmns转移到安全的地方，以免受到车辆爆炸的伤害。故选B项。
27、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Simmns已经没有了心脏跳动的生命体征。A. gal目标；B. recrd记录；C. sign迹象；招牌；D. danger危险。根据“That’s when I started CPR.___12___, I earned my CPR certificate yesterday. ”可知，Simmns心脏骤停，已处于危险的无生命体征的危急状态，要立刻施以紧急措施。故选C项。
28、答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天刚拿到心脏复苏术（CPR）的合格证书。A. Obviusly明显地；B. Frtunately幸运地；C. Hpefully满怀希望地；D. Surely确定地。根据上文“I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. N___11___ f life,”和后文“And then, after the 30 cmpressins (按压) and tw rescue breaths, Simmns regained cnsciusness.”可知，昨天才刚拿到CPR证书的Nrwd运用自己所学习到的急救技术，将生命岌岌可危的Simmns救了下来，这实在是很幸运的事情，故选B项。
29、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始用力按压Simmns的胸口，还不停地对其进行人工呼吸，希望能给Simmns的肺部注入氧气。A. tuching触摸；B. hurting伤害；C. pressing施压；D. checking检查。根据下文“after the 30 cmpressins (按压) and tw rescue breaths”可知，Nrwd一边按压Simmns的胸口，一边进行人工呼吸。故选C项。
30、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时Simmns仍然没有反应。A. respnse回应；反应；B. truble麻烦；困扰C. wrry担忧；D. sense感觉。根据“And then, after the 30 cmpressins (按压) and tw rescue breaths, Simmns regained cnsciusness.”可知，Nrwd向Simmns施救时，一开始她并没有苏醒过来。故选A项。
31、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nrwd的举动令Simmns深受感动。她也向表达了Nrwd表达了感谢。A. inspired鼓舞；B. mved感动；C. annyed使恼怒；D. frightened使惊吓。根据前文“She dragged Simmns t___10___ and laid her n the grund.”和“And then, after the 30 cmpressins (按压) and tw rescue breaths, Simmns regained cnsciusness.”可知，不顾危险将失去意识的Simmns从车里救出来，Nrwd发现她心脏骤停后，又用心脏复苏术救活了她，Nrwd的举动令人感动，故选B项。
32、答案：①a②suitable③advanced
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了亚当升入高中后所遇到的挑战。
①考查冠词。句意：亚当是一名高一新生，他发现从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。名词challenge单数形式且副词really音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
②考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，学校指导老师帮他选了适合他的课程。名词curses前用形容词修饰。故填suitable。
③考查形容词。句意：由于他擅长英语，学校的指导老师建议他报高级文学班。名词literature前用形容词修饰。故填advanced。
33、答案：①when②less③were injured④With
解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是唐山大地震所带来的破坏。
①考查定语从句。句意：唐山人永远不会忘记大地震发生的那一天。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词day是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。
②考查比较级。句意：不到一分钟，整个城市就成了一片废墟。由than可知，空格处用比较级，是less，故填less。
③考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在地震中受伤或死亡的人数超过40万。空格处作wh引导的定语从句中的谓语，“受伤”是be injured，由was可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语wh指代先行词peple，是复数，因此空格处是were injured。故填were injured。
④考查介词。句意：在大家的共同努力下，唐山在废墟上重建起来。句子表示“在大家的共同努力下，唐山在废墟上重建起来”，空格处意为“有了”，用介词with，位于句首，首字母大写，故填With。
34、答案：①illegally②dying③Althugh/Thugh/While
解析：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍我国政府采取相关措施去保护藏羚羊。
①考查副词。句意：他们因珍贵的毛皮而被非法捕猎。分析句子结构，该空修饰动词are being hunted，作状语，所以此处要用其副词形式；由后文可知，藏羚羊属于濒危物种，所以捕猎它们是非法的，由此可知该空填副词illegally，表示“非法地”。故填illegally。
②考查动名词。句意：为了避免它们灭绝，我国政府采取了一系列有效措施。frm是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填dying。
③考查状语从句。句意：尽管藏羚羊已从濒危物种名单中删除，但我们的政府不会停止保护计划。由句意可知，“the Tibetan antelpe has been remved frm the endangered species list”和“ur gvernment wn’t stp the prtectin prgram”之间句意呈让步转折关系，所以空处填从属连词althugh/thugh/while，表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
35、答案：fficial
解析：考查形容词。句意：众所周知，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。修饰名词language ，前用形容词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填fficial。
36、答案：destryed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：这座古建筑在上周的大火中被完全烧毁了。由“in the fire”可知，句子表示“这座古建筑在上周的大火中被完全烧毁了”，空格处意为“破坏，毁灭”，由首字母提示d可知，是destry，建筑被烧毁，句子用被动语态，空格处用过去分词，故填destryed。
37、答案：pressure
解析：考查名词。句意：随着考试临近，詹姆斯正承受巨大压力，并且发现自己很难集中注意力。分析句意和首字母可知，此处使用名词pressure，构成固定短语under great pressure“承受巨大压力”，故填pressure。
38、答案：failures
解析：考查名词的数。句意：尽管多次失败，他从未想过放弃。根据提示词“Despite”可知，空前空后内容呈转折关系，此处表示尽管经历了许多次“失败”，所以填名词failure，空前是many，要填可数名词的复数形式，即failures。failure作可数名词时表示“失败的事/人”。故答案为failures。
39、答案：average
解析：考查名词。句意：这项科学研究表明，平均每天都会有150个物种灭绝。根据单词首字母及句意“平均”以及空格前介词n的可知，该空格处应填写名词，作宾语；n average为固定搭配，意为“平均地”，故填average。
40、答案：
A Calligraphy Exhibitin
In rder t raise students’ awareness f Chinese culture and get them t develp interest in Chinese calligraphy, ur schl held a Chinese calligraphy exhibitin in the lecture hall last Friday.
During the exhibitin, mre than 100 calligraphy wrks that were written by students and teachers were n shw. What’s mre, a vide abut the develpment f Chinese calligraphy was played during the exhibitin. The students nt nly appreciated the unique charm f the strkes and lines but als had a deeper understanding f this means f shwing the character f the “man behind the brush”.
In cnclusin, the activity turned ut t be a great success, which was highly thught f by bth teachers and students.
解析：本篇书面表达属于新闻报道，要求考生写一篇新闻报道，报道学校上周举办的学生书法作品展。
1.词汇积累
提高：raise→bst
方法：means→way
在公开展出：n shw→n display
另外：what’s mre→in additin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In rder t raise students’ awareness f Chinese culture and get them t develp interest in Chinese calligraphy, ur schl held a Chinese calligraphy exhibitin in the lecture hall last Friday.
拓展句：Our schl held a Chinese calligraphy exhibitin in the lecture hall last Friday, whse purpse was t raise students’ awareness f Chinese culture and get them t develp interest in Chinese calligraphy.
[高分句型1] During the exhibitin, mre than 100 calligraphy wrks that were written by students and teachers were n shw. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In cnclusin, the activity turned ut t be a great success, which was highly thught f by bth teachers and students. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
41、答案：cnfidence
解析：考查名词。句意：据说做运动有助于提高青少年的自信心。根据汉语提示“信心”和空格所在位置，空处填名词cnfidence，不可数名词作宾语。故填cnfidence。
42、答案：frgave
解析：考查动词及动词时态。句意：尽管埃里克原谅了亨利的所作所为，但他仍然拒绝参加亨利的聚会。根据汉语提示“原谅”，空处填动词frgive；由提示动词“refused”可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填frgave。故填frgave。
43、答案：schedule
解析：考查名词。句意：在安吉拉的帮助下，我们提前完成了项目。由“With the help f Angela, we finished the prject ahead f”可知，“工作计划”是schedule，ahead f schedule是固定短语，意为“提前”，故填schedule。
44、答案：entrance
解析：考查名词。句意：布朗先生同意在博物馆门口等我们。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词entrance“入口”，满足句意要求。故填entrance。
45、答案：attitude
解析：考查名词。句意：在周游世界之后，他改变了对生活的态度。形容词性物主代词his后接名词形式作宾语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填attitude。