2021-2022学年上海市大同中学高一下学期期中学情调研考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2021-2022学年上海市大同中学高一下学期期中学情调研考试英语试题（解析版），共19页。
2021学年第二学期期中学情调研
高一年级英语学科
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)
Section A
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. (20%)
1. When________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing their similarities. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】comparing
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当我们比较不同的文化时，我们往往只关注差异，而没有注意到它们的相似之处。从句的完整形式为：when we are comparing different cultures，主从句的主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略从句中主语及be动词。故填comparing。
2. There are a dozen doctors working in the operating room, twice the number _______________ (need) for a typical brain operation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】needed
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格。句意：手术室里有十几名医生，是一般脑部手术所需人数的两倍。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词 number与need之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动。故填needed。
3. The rumor of more employers ________________ (involve) in the scandal(丑闻) spread across the city quickly.
【答案】involved
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：更多雇主卷入丑闻的谣言在这个城市快速传播。分析句子可知，spread为谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，employers和involve为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填involved。
4. —Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as ______(tell). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】told
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——谁应该对这次事故负责？——是老板，不是工人。他们只是执行了被告知的命令。as状语从句中省略了主语they和系动词were，故填told。
5. There was a famous person at the party to whom everyone would like ________________ (introduce). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be introduced
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：派对上出现了一位名人。人们都想得到别人的引荐，与其结识。Would like to do sth为固定短语，意为“想要做某事”，表示特定某一次的打算或愿望；且非谓语动词introduce与其逻辑主语everyone之间为被动关系，应使用to be done形式，意为“想得到别人的引荐”，故填to be introduced。
6. Many Chinese brands, _______（develop） their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】having developed
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词完成式。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。本句已有谓语 are facing且无连词，主语Many Chinese brands和动词develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词表主动作状语，表示伴随状况；develop这个动作发生在谓语动词face动作之前，应该使用现在分词的完成式（having done）。故填having developed。
7. A government official is believed _______________ (investigate) the case at the moment, but no one knows who it is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be investigating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据信目前有一名政府官员正在调查此案，但没有人知道是谁。be believed to be doing sth.据信某人正在做某事。根据句意，故填to be investigating。
8. I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes ________ (fix) on the ceiling. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fixed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在房间坐了几分钟，眼睛盯着天花板。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语my eyes和fix之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填fixed。
9. Sending a card is one of the appropriate ways you may appreciate _______________ (express) your thankfulness to your teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expressing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：寄卡片是表达你对老师感激之情的适当方式之一。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词，作appreciate的宾语，与主语you是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词形式构成appreciate doing sth.结构，故填expressing。
10. _______________ (remain) an important problem to be dealt with this year, the efficient use of energy and resources has become a national concern. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Remaining
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有效利用能源资源仍然是今年要处理的重要问题，已成为全国关注的问题。remain与句子的主语the efficient use of energy and resources是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Remaining。

Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. chop B. favored C. physical D. distract E. instruction F. discipline
G regular H. evolve I. covered J. engage K. comprehension
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where smartphones, social media, and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking ___11___ breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should ___12___ for digital-native students was not something that was ___13___ when they were getting certified.
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply ___14___ lessons into smaller chunks. In fact, students need time to ___15___ with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable ___16___.
A study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from ___17___ books. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are” on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet students’ needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a mixed learning approach. Direct ___18___ from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be ___19___ only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Teachers are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world constantly trying to ___20___ them.
【答案】11. G 12. H 13. I 14. A 15. J 16. K 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式。文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们发现，要求学生阅读复杂或长文本而没有定期休息尤其令人疲惫。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的breaks，此处表达“定期的休息”之意，regular“定期的”符合题意。故选G项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所涉及的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，位于情态动词should后面，用动词原形，此处表达“如何发展”之意，evolve“发展”符合题意。故选H项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所包括的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，表达“被包括”之意，空前已有be动词was，所以covered“包括”符合题意，与be动词构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选I项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。当学生们似乎无法集中注意力听长课时，许多老师就简单地把课程分成小块。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“简单地把课程分成小块”之意，chop sth. into 为固定搭配意为“把某物切成……”符合题意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。事实上，一旦老师介绍了一个话题，学生在继续学习之前需要时间来参与。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“需要时间来参与”之意，engage“使参加”符合题意。故选J项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：在小课之间切换太快会使他们失去有价值的理解能力。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“有价值的理解能力”之意，comprehension“理解力”符合题意。故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Pearson教育出版社的一项研究发现，10至24岁的学生往往远离实体书。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处表达“实体书”之意，physical“物质的”符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们的直接指导在课堂上永远不会被取代。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“直接指导”之意，instruction“教授”符合文意。故选E项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：只有当技术以离线无法实现的方式改进课程时，它才会受到青睐。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“被喜爱”之意，空前已有be动词，所以favored“喜爱”符合文意，此处will be和favored构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：教师们不仅在努力确保学生能利用新技术，而且还在努力教学生有价值的技能，这些技能可以帮助他们在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“试图分散他们注意力”之意，distract“使分心”符合题意。故选D项。
II. Reading Comprehension (44%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (20%)
People using ad-blocking software who visited the New York Times website in March were shown a message. This read: “The best things in life aren’t ___21___.” It went on to explain that, “Advertising helps us fund our journalism,” and gave the visitor two options to read the newspaper’s online content: ___22___ their ad-blocking software or pay for a subscription.
Despite many internet users’ opposition, a number of publishers are now banning ad-blocking software. Aidan Joyce, chief executive of Oriel, says, “Most ad-blocking users do not object to a reasonable advertising experience ___23___ quality free content.” Mark Thompson, the group’s chief executive, said, “Anyone who refuses to contribute to the creation of high-quality journalism has no right to ___24___ it.”
To satisfy people who hate advertising, the news organization plans to introduce a higher-priced, advertisement-free ___25___. Ben Barokas, chief executive of Sourcepoint, thinks that media groups should offer consumers a range of different ways to ___26___ content, including for-free with ads, micropayments and subscriptions.
However, Sean Blanchfield, chief executive of PageFair, argues that publishers need to exercise care in how they ban ad blockers. “Users have justifiable concerns,” he says. “Ads that are served today have serious privacy and security problems.” Mr. Blanchfield says that PageFair aims to help publishers. “___27___ the advertising experience in a way that the typical ad-block user wouldn’t find offensive.”
Publishers that ban ad blockers also risk losing their audience to competitors that turn out more ___28___. In some ways, that matters little. But internet users are not just ___29___ consumers; Instead, they often help distribute a publisher’s content by sharing links with friends through email, forums, and social media.
More than half of U.K. adults using an ad blocker said that they would switch it off if doing so was the only way to access a website, according to a survey by YouGov. Meanwhile, Sweden’s biggest publishers will ____30____ block people next month who use ad-blocking software. The idea is that they will be able to turn the ad-blocking tide with a combined effort.
21. A. equal B. free C. essential D. absolute
22. A. download B. update C. purchase D. disable
23. A. in place of B. in response to C. in search of D. in return for
24. A. consume B. block C. modify D. oppose
25. A. application B. qualification C. protection D. subscription
26. A. create B. access C. evaluate D. distribute
27. A. broaden B. acquire C. embrace D. redefine
28. A. innovative B. generous C. adaptable D. committed
29. A. passive B. regular C. prospective D. selective
30. A. secretly B. cautiously C. permanently D. collectively
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。今年3月，使用广告拦截软件访问《纽约时报》网站的用户会看到一条信息：生命中最美好的东西都不是免费的。《纽约时报》网站给了访问者两个选择来阅读报纸的在线内容：禁用他们的广告拦截软件或付费订阅。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上面写着：“生命中最美好的东西都不是免费的。”A. equal平等的；B. free免费的；C. essential重要的；D. absolute完全的。根据后文“Advertising helps us fund our journalism(广告帮助我们资助我们的新闻工作)”和“pay for a subscription(付钱订阅)”可知，此处是指生命中最美好的东西都不是免费的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它继续解释说，“广告帮助我们资助我们的新闻工作，”并给了访问者两个选择来阅读报纸的在线内容：禁用他们的广告拦截软件或付费订阅。A. download下载；B. update更新；C. purchase购买；D. disable使不能运转。根据前文“Advertising helps us fund our journalism”可知，此处是指禁用他们的广告拦截软件。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：大多数广告拦截用户并不反对以合理的广告体验换取高质量的免费内容。A. in place of代替；B. in response to回应；C. in search of搜查；D. in return for换取。根据“a reasonable advertising experience”和“quality free content”可知，此处是指以合理的广告体验换取高质量的免费内容。故选D。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何拒绝为创造高质量新闻做出贡献人都无权消费它。A. consume消费；B. block阻塞；C. modify修改；D. oppose反对。根据“who refuses to contribute to the creation of high-quality journalism”可知，此处是指任何拒绝为创造高质量新闻做出贡献的人都无权消费它，无权观看高质量新闻。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让讨厌广告的人满意，新闻机构计划推出一种价格更高、不含广告的订阅服务。A. application应用；B. qualification资格；C. protection保护；D. subscription订阅。根据“To satisfy people who hate advertising”可知，此处是指推出一种价格更高、不含广告的订阅服务。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sourcepoint首席执行官本·巴罗卡斯认为，媒体集团应该为消费者提供一系列不同的获取内容的方式，包括免费广告、小额支付和订阅。A. create创造；B. access获取；C. evaluate评价；D. distribute分发。根据“including for-free with ads, micropayments and subscriptions”可知，此处是指一系列不同的获取内容的方式。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“以一种典型的广告拦截用户不会觉得冒犯的方式重新定义广告体验。”A. broaden变宽；B. acquire获得；C. embrace拥抱；D. redefine重新定义。根据“in a way that the typical ad-block user wouldn’t find offensive”可知，此处是指以一种新的方式重新定义广告体验。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：禁止广告拦截软件的出版商还面临着用户流失给更慷慨的竞争对手的风险。A. innovative革新的；B. generous慷慨的；C. adaptable能适应的；D. committed忠诚的。根据“Publishers that ban ad blockers”可知，此处是指用户流失给更慷慨的竞争对手。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但互联网用户不仅仅是普通消费者；相反，它们通常通过电子邮件、论坛和社交媒体与朋友分享链接，帮助出版商传播内容。A. passive消极的；B. regular普通的；C. prospective有希望的；D. selective选择性的。根据“Instead, they often help distribute a publisher’s content by sharing links with friends through email, forums, and social media”可知，互联网用户不仅仅是普通消费者。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，瑞典最大的出版商将于下个月永久屏蔽使用广告拦截软件的用户。A. secretly秘密地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. permanently永久地；D. collectively集体地。根据后文“The idea is that they will be able to turn the ad-blocking tide with a combined effort. (他们的想法是，通过共同努力，他们将能够扭转广告拦截的潮流)”可知，此处是指永久屏蔽使用广告拦截软件的用户。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (16%)
(A)
I was dirty, smelly, hungry and somewhere beneath all that, suntanned. It was the end of an Inter-Rail (欧洲旅游火车通票) holiday. My body couldn’t take any more punishment. My mind couldn’t deal with any more foreign timetables, currencies or languages.
“Never again,” I said, as I stepped onto home ground. I said exactly the same thing the following year. And the next. All I had to do was buy one train ticket and, because I was under twenty-five years old, I could spend a whole month going anywhere I wanted in Europe. Ordinary beds are never the same once you’ve learnt to sleep in the passage of a train, the rhythm rocking you into a deep sleep.
Carrying all your possessions on your back in a rucksack (背包) makes you have a very basic approach to travel, and encourages incredible wastefulness that can lead to burning socks that have become too anti-social, and getting rid of books when finished. On the other hand, this way of looking at life is entirely in the spirit of Inter-Rail, for common sense and reasoning can be thrown out of the window along with the paperback book and the socks. All it takes to achieve this carefree attitude is one of those tickets in your hand.
Any system that enables young people to travel through countries at a rate of more than one a day must be pretty social. On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp-site in southern France. But the idea of non-stop travel proved too attractive, for there was always just one more country over the border, always that little bit further to go. And what did the extra miles cost us? Nothing.
We were not completely uninterested in culture. But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Railers, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most available sights. This was the chance to escape the guided tour, an opportunity to do something different. I took great pride in the fact that, in many places, all I could be bothered to see was the view from the station. We were just there to get by, and to have good time doing so. In this we were no different from most of the other Inter-Railers with whom we shared passage floors, food and water, money and music.
The excitement of travel comes from the sudden reality of somewhere that was previously just a name. It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time.
31. What does the writer mean by “this way of looking at life” in Paragraph 3?
A. Worrying about your clothes. B. Throwing unwanted things away.
C. Behaving in an anti-social way. D. Looking after your possessions.
32. Why did the writer originally buy an Inter-Rail ticket?
A. To get to one place cheaply. B. To meet other young people.
C. To see a lot of famous places. D. To go on a tour of Europe.
33. What the writer liked about traveling without his parents was that_____.
A. he could see more interesting places B. he could spend more time sightseeing
C. he could stay away from home longer D. he could make his own decisions
34. What does “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. A name. B. The city. C. The train. D. The station.
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过国际铁路旅行的经历及其感受。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Carrying all your possessions on your back in a rucksack (背包) makes you have a very basic approach to travel, and encourages incredible wastefulness that can lead to burning socks that have become too anti-social, and getting rid of books when finished. On the other hand, this way of looking at life is entirely in the spirit of Inter-Rail, for common sense and reasoning can be thrown out of the window along with the paperback book and the socks. (把你所有的东西都背在背包里，这让你有了一个非常基本的旅行方式，并鼓励难以置信的浪费可能会导致你想烧掉的那些已经变得太反社会的袜子，并在读完书后扔掉书。另一方面，this way of looking at life完全符合国际铁路的精神，因为常识和推理可以与平装书和袜子一起被抛到窗外)”可知，作者通过国际铁路旅行，可以忽视常识和推理，把看过的书和臭袜子等一起扔出窗外，可得出“this way of looking at life”指的是“扔掉不需要的东西”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp-site in southern France. (在第一次旅行中，我和我的朋友一开始并不知道这种火车票的可能性，认为这只是一种往返于我们选择的法国南部营地的廉价方式)”可知，作者最初购买国际火车票是因为这种交通方式可以让人便宜到达一个地方。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段中的“But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Railers, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most available sights. (但这是第一个没有父母的假期，就像大多数其他国际旅行者一样，在安排我们自己的时间表时，我们忽略了除了最常见的景点之外的一切)”可知，作者喜欢没有父母的旅行是因为作者可以自己做决定，安排自己的时间表。故选D项。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。由第六段中的“It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time. (就好像你到达的城市从未真正存在过，直到火车进站，你才能够第一次用疲惫的眼睛看到it)”可知，该句关键词是城市，可得出it指代上文的“城市（The city）”。故选B项。
(B)
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is sentient, or at least interactive: One app developer told The Washington Post that after interacting with Amazon’s Alexa, his kid started talking to coasters. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products.
We personify things because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to give free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling attached to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.
When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car's personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. And anthropomorphizing objects is associated with a tendency to accumulate.
So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(格栅) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were slanted（倾斜的）like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these features as increasing a car’s friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively. It’s little wonder so many companies use mascots（吉祥物）to bring brands to life. An analysis of 1,151 brand characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be common.
Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was anthropomorphized in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”)，consumers felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into consumers, hearts.
35. The word “anthropomorphize”（in paragraph 1) most probably means_________.
A. think highly of something B. find a better way to rate something
C. see something as humans D. use something as often as possible
36. For the college students, the interaction with the phone served as a reminder that_________ .
A. they were not lonely
B. the phone had human qualities
C. they needed real friends
D. the phone was not always necessary
37. The writer mentions an analysis of car sales in Germany in order to_________.
A. show that friendliness is better received than aggressiveness
B. highlight that a symbol looking like a smile appeals more to people
C. explain why so many companies use mascots to promote their brands
D. illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance
38. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Consumers should know more about a product before it is on the market.
B. Products with a mascot are more likely to win consumers' hearts.
C. Increases in a produces price may be accepted with a good ad.
D. The personification of a product may not always work.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. D 38. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了，我们把日常生活中很多东西拟人化是因为孤独，商家通过把产品拟人化来提高销售，但是拟人化并不总是凑效。
【35题详解】
词意猜测题。根据文章第一段最后和第二段开头But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products.
We personify things because we’re lonely.（但，研究表明即使没有可以聊天的小玩意儿，人们也会把日常用品拟人化。我们把东西拟人化是因为我们很孤独）可知，前句中的anthropomorphize和下句中的personify是同义词，personify意为“赋予…人性”，则anthropomorphize也是此意。故选C项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段的When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.（当大学生被告知在某个时间他们是被社会排斥时，他们会通过在社交媒体上谎报朋友的数量来弥补，除非一开始给他们的任务是让他们和手机互动，就好像手机有人性。很明显手机是他们真正的朋友）可知，有了手机大学生们可以欣然接受被社会排斥，这是因为他们把手机当成了朋友，有了朋友就不再感到孤单。A. they were not lonely（他们不是孤独的）符合以上说法。故选A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据本段的中心句So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks.（那么人们如何给一个物体赋予特征呢？在某种程度上，我们依赖于外表）可知，本段陈述的例子都是为中心句服务的。D. illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance（阐明人们会通过外表来判断某些东西）符合以上说法。故选D项。
38题详解】
推理判断题。根据本段第一句Personifying products and brands can backfire, however.（然而，将产品和品牌拟人化也可能适得其反）可知，把产品拟人化不是总能行得通的。D. The personification of a product may not always work.（一个产品的拟人化不一定总有效）符合题意。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (8%)
What Makes Risk-Takers Tempt Fate?
Moments before throwing herself off a thousand-foot cliff, Steph Davis feels a surge of fear and excitement. As she pushes away from the edge, these mixed feelings give way to an intense rush, then deep focus. She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds.
_____39_____ In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors.
Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA. Cynthia Thomson’s study found that individuals who reported riskier behavior usually shared a similar genetic constitution (构成). Scientists believe that people with this genetic variant produce more dopamine receptors. “So they need to seek out intense situations to bring up their dopamine levels,” says Thomson.
_____40_____ Several studies have shown that risk-taking behavior is linked to the earliest bonds (关系) we form with our primary caretakers. Those with less secure attachments are more likely to engage in dangerous activities.
There is the common idea that extreme sports enthusiasts are chasing thrills. But Tim Woodman, a professor at the Bangor University in Wales, suggests that it is about something altogether different: emotion regulation. In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia. _____41_____ “It’s rewarding because they’ve moved from a feeling of inadequacy to a sense of achievement,” says Woodman.
For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的). _____42_____ What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential.
A. Now, research suggests that they are right.
B. They seek out extreme sports as a way to actually feel.
C. Extreme sports such as wingsuiting are gaining popularity.
D. However, most scientists agree that personality is a complex mix of environmental and genetic influences.
E. They are actually extremely well-prepared athletes with high levels of self-awareness and a deep knowledge of the environment.
F. According to a study by the University of Colorado School of Medicine, 76 percent of wingsuiters have experienced a close call.
【答案】39. F 40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因。
【39题详解】
F选项“根据科罗拉多大学医学院的一项研究，76%的翼装者经历过死里逃生。”承接上文第一段“She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds. (她必须调整身体的位置，使她的翼服充满空气。然后，她必须在正确的时刻打开降落伞，并在60秒内完成着陆)”讲翼装者飞行经历，F选项用科学数据引出下文“In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? (面对如此致命的后果，为什么有些人仍然被冒险的尝试所吸引？)”翼装飞行可能带来的致命后果。故选F项。
【40题详解】
由上文第三段“Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA. (甚至在我们出生之前，我们对风险的偏好就可能在我们的DNA中被描绘出来)”可知，有科学家认为喜欢冒险的性格早被基因决定了，呼应上文第二段“The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. (答案可能在于基因、环境和心理因素的复杂组合)”，可得出性格会受到多种因素的影响（不仅限于基因），D选项“然而，大多数科学家都认为性格是环境和基因影响的复杂组合。”与上文第三段形成转折关系，讲述影响影响性格的多种因素。故选D项。
【41题详解】
B选项“他们寻求极限运动作为一种真实感受方式。”与上文“In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia. (在他看来，那些参加高风险运动的人往往难以体验情绪，这种情况被称为述情障碍)”是因果关系，因为有些人难以体验情绪，所以寻求极限运动来感受情绪。故选B项。
【42题详解】
结合上文用科学研究解释为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因，A选项“现在，研究表明他们是对的。”和下文“What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential. (人们从极限运动中获得的是深刻的转变——一种与深刻的自我感和真实感相联系的感觉，一种与自然世界的强大关系，一种自由感。他们有一种强烈的充分生活的感觉，仿佛充分发挥了自己的潜力)”肯定了上文“For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的). (多年来，专业滑雪者、跳伞运动员和登山者一直认为他们并不鲁莽)”所讲的冒险者喜欢极限运动是对的的这个事实。故选A项。
III. Words (8%)
Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
43. A child has many fantasy in his mind, when he tries to tell you his _______________ (imagine) world, do not scold him.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】imaginary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：孩子的脑子里有很多幻想，当他设法告诉你他的想象世界时，不要责骂他。分析句意可知，此处需要使用动词imagine“想象”的形容词形式imaginary“想象的，虚构的”作定语修饰world“世界”。故填imaginary。
44. A good story-teller, whose _______________ (present) is often not noticed, does not put himself at the center of the story. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】presence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一个善于讲故事的人，他的存在往往不会被注意到，他不会把自己放在故事的中心。空处用于whose之后，应用名词presence，表示“存在”，为不可数名词，whose presence在非限制性定语从句中作主语，符合句意。故填presence。
45. They are both doctors but that is where the _______________ (similar) ends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】similarity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们都是医生，但他们的相似之处也就仅此而已。分析可知，空处在句中为表语从句中的主语，所以用名词，similarity“相似点”为可数名词，结合表语从句中ends可知，空处为单数含义，所以用单数。故填similarity。
46. While bears rarely attack, they are wild animals and therefore ______________ (predict). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】unpredictable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管熊很少主动攻击，但他们是野生动物因此难以捉摸。形容词作表语，根据wild animals可知，野生动物性情难以捉摸，用形容词unpredictable表示“难以捉摸的”，作表语，故填unpredictable。
IV. Translation (18%)
Directions: Translate the sentences or part of the sentences into English by using the words given in the brackets. (1.5’+1.5’+1.5’+1.5’+3’+3’+3’+3’)
47. 随着圣诞节的临近，许多家庭开始用彩灯来装饰他们的房子。(approach)
______________________, many families began to decorate their houses with colored lights.
【答案】With Christmas approaching/As Christmas was approaching
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构或者as引导的时间状语从句。with的复合结构：with+ 宾语+ 补语，在句中可以作状语。表示“圣诞节”用Christmas，表示“临近”用动词approach，Christmas与动词approach为主谓关系，所以空处可以用with Christmas approaching；同时这里也是一个时间状语从句，结合主句began，所以时态用过去进行时表示动作即将发生，用as Christmas was approaching，故答案为：With Christmas approaching/As Christmas was approaching。
48. 公司加倍致力于保护隐私，引进一系列工具，以防止广告商跟踪手机用户。(double)
The company _________________________________________ to protect privacy with the introduction of tools to prevent advertisers from tracking its mobile phone users.
【答案】doubled its efforts
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语double one’s efforts“加倍努力”，主语是company，应用its，句子陈述的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填doubled its efforts。

49. 民意调查显示，美国民众对这条新政策的意见存在分歧，有 48%的人反对，40%的人支持。(divide)
Public opinion polls show that Americans _________________________________________, with about 48 percent opposing it, and about 40 percent supporting it.
【答案】are divided on the new policy
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“对这条新政策的意见存在分歧”译为be divided on the new policy，be divided on是固定搭配，意为“在……上存在分歧”，且句子描述一般性事实，为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are divided on the new policy。
50. 亚马逊公司，其总部设在西雅图(Seattle)，在过去的十年里经历了快速的发展，成为了全球最大的网上书店。(locate)
Amazon.com, ____________________________________________, has gone through rapid development and become the world’s largest online bookstore in the past decade.
【答案】whose headquarters are located in Seattle
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据句意可知，英语句子里缺少“其总部设在西雅图”，可以用定语从句表示，先行词为Amazon.com；“其总部”可以表示为whose headquarters；“设在”可以用短语be located in表示，表示客观事实，用一般现在时，headquarters作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填whose headquarters are located in Seattle。
51. 他的父母为儿子考入复旦大学而倍感自豪。 (pride; admit) (汉译英)
【答案】His parents take pride in his/him being admitted to Fudan University.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、动词和名词。表示“倍感自豪”应用短语take pride in，由于主语“他的父母（his parents）”为复数，且句意描述一般性现象或事实，应用一般现在时；表示“考入（某所大学）；被（某所大学）录取”应使用动词短语be admitted to，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为：His parents take pride in his/him being admitted to Fudan University.。
52. 他面对如此棘手的问题，感到束手无策。 (Such…; face) (汉译英)
【答案】Faced with such a tricky problem, he felt helpless.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句子描述过去的一般情况，应用一般过去时，主语“他”he，“感到束手无策”使用系表结构，译为feel helpless，其中动词使用过去式形式felt，“面对”be faced with，“如此棘手的问题”such a tricky problem，作介词with的宾语，分析句子结构，be faced with在句中作非谓语，去掉be动词即可，其中过去分词形式faced置于句首作状语，首字母大写。故翻译为Faced with such a tricky problem, he felt helpless.
53. 你能否得到一份工作一定程度上取决于你在面试中的表现。(determine) （汉译英）
【答案】Your performance in the interview will partly determine whether you will get the job or not.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，时态和宾语从句。句子可理解为“你在面试中的表现将在一定程度上决定你是否能得到这份工作”，根据句意可知，句子时态用一般将来时，“你在面试中的表现”是your performance in the interview，“将在一定程度上决定”是will partly determine，“你是否能得到这份工作”用whether引导的宾语从句，是whether you will get the job or not，因此整句话翻译为“Your performance in the interview will partly determine whether you will get the job or not”。故答案为Your performance in the interview will partly determine whether you will get the job or not.
54. 出席开幕典礼的嘉宾都愿意捐钱给这个新成立的慈善组织。(present) (汉译英)
【答案】All the guests present at the opening ceremony are willing to donate money to the new charity.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和时态。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“嘉宾”为名词guests；表示“出席的”为形容词present，作后置定语修饰前面的名词guests；表示“在开幕典礼上”应为介词短语at the opening ceremony；表示“愿意做”应为固定短语be willing to do，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，因主语guests为复数形式，此处be动词为are；表示“捐赠……给……”为动词短语donate sth to…；表示“钱”为名词money；表示“新成立的慈善组织”为名词短语the new charity。故翻译为：All the guests present at the opening ceremony are willing to donate money to the new charity。