高三 上海市大同中学2021-2022学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题（原卷版）

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2022届大同中学高三上9月考II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rosa's Sports Photo Competition EntryIce hockey is played on an ice rink with a goal net at each end. Two teams on skates compete to score goals by using a stick, curved at one end, ____1____(hit) a small, hard rubber disc, called a puck. There may be 20 players in each team, but only six can be on the rink at any time. One of them is the goalkeeper, who ____2____(allow) to catch the puck or block it with any part of their body, as well as with their sick. Ice hockey has always been most popular in places ____3____ cold winters, for example in Canada, northern European, countries and the northern states of the USA. However, with indoor ice rinks, many other countries have started competing in this sport and ice hockey events held all year around.In this photo, ____4____(take) during a match between Hungary and Holland, you can see two players who are trying to control the puck. Their bodies are bumping together and the Dutch player is finding it hard to keep his balance on one leg, but they are both concentrating on reaching the puck with their sticks. I chose this action photo because it shows ____5____ exciting and competitive the game is. The light shining on the ice gives you an idea of the hard surface, ____6____ makes ice hockey the fastest team sport in the world. The puck can travel up to 160 kph and players may shake at about 40 kph. They must be ready to race forward, stop or turn quickly and changes suddenly from attacking to defending.Also, ____7____ the photo shows, ice hockey is a very physical contact sport. Injuries are common, especially ____8____ players crash into each other. In the photo you can see the helmets that protect their heads and the thick pads that are worn on their legs, knees and shoulders. The game is so challenging that players can usually only stay on the ice for about two minutes before ____9____ (replace). It is their amazing physical skill and speed _____10_____ make ice hockey so exciting to watch.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. resolve    B. coverage    C. valued    D. conflicting    E. move    F. claimG. reliant    H. object    I. reflection    J. constructive    K. containQueen Elizabeth II has responded to Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's request to “step back” as senior members of the royal family.“Today my family had very ____11____ discussions on the future of my grandson and his family,” the reigning monarch shared in a statement. “My family and I are entirely supportive of Harry and Meghan's desire to create a new life as a young family. Although we would have preferred them to remain full-time working Members of the Royal Family, we respect and understand their wish to live a more independent life as a family while remaining a ____12____ part of my family.“Harry and Meghan have made clear that they do not want to be ____13____ on public funds in their new lives,” the 93-year -old continued. “It has therefore been agreed that there will be a period of transition during which the Sussexes will spend time in Canada and the UK. These are complex matters for my family to ____14____ and there is some more work to be done, but I have asked for final decisions to be reached in the coming days.”Elizabeth had called for a face-to-face meeting with Harry, 35, and other members of the royal family in order to iron out logistics of his and Markle's decision to become “financially independent” of the crown.The meet-up marked the first time the queen and her grandson met following the shocking announcement on social media last week It reflected the queen's desire to ____15____ the fallout from Harry and Meghan's decision. A palace insider previously said that the royal family were not informed of the couple's announcement until it was made to the world.The meeting comes after days of intense news ____16____ in which supporters of the royal family's feuding factions used the British media to paint ____17____ pictures of who was to blame for the rift.The royal brothers even issued a rare joint statement denying the media ____18____ that William is to blame for the couple's ____19____ to split their time between the United Kingdom and North America.Last week, Duke and Duchess of Sussex shared on social media that their decision came “after many months of _____20_____ and internal discussions.”Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionsSectionADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____21____to a solution. Now a new study____22____on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation（TMR）, aimed at further enhancing____23____memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets____24____. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether____25____the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving.About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of____26____. First, they____27____spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds ____28____to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again.（Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.） All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the ____29____puzzles.The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their _____30_____." says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to _____31_____the component processes that are actually being influenced."Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have _____32_____implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before _____33_____.Still, sleep is not _____34_____; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally _____35_____cancer research."21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant ofSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When asked in 1993 to comment on accusations that the movie In the Name of the Father distorts （曲解） contemporary British and Irish history, female lead Emma Thompson responded that she couldn't care less. Even since the premiere （首映） in 1915 of The Birth of a Nation, filmmakers have rewritten history to create top-dollar entertainment. The films are very persuasive: well-made movies hold your interest continuously, drawing your attention to “what happens next,” and pulling you forward with no time to reflect on individual scenes until the final credits roll. The result: you don't remember much about a movie after watching it for the first time. For this reason, movies have extraordinary power - unmatched by any other medium - to leave you with a strong sense of what is right and what is wrong, who is bad and who is good, even though critical details presented in the movies may be false.Well, so what? They're just movies. In fact they're not just movies. Millions of Americans are devoted history lovers, and they pack theatres every time new movies about historical figures or events come to town. Saving private Ryan and Titanic drew viewers and cash for months. Many high school teachers screen movies in the classroom. Clearly countless Americans get most of their history from television and the big screen.Some of the industry's finest historical and period films premiered during the past decades. But the 1960s also saw a number of politically charged history-based movies full of factual distortions and, occasionally, outright lies. Today the trend continues on a larger scale: many movies released in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21*t century reflect lack of respect for solid, reliable history.History Goes to the Movies is a source of information and, it is hoped, entertainment for everyone interested in the actual history behind a wide selection of movies grouped into twelve sections--11 covering historical periods and events and twelfth containing biographies and period films. Each movie review includes an essay on the history covered in one or more movies, and a brief plot summary. Star ratings (five stars: don't miss it) reflect each movie's historical accuracy and - to a much lesser extent --- its power to amuse.Obviously, expecting textbook accuracy from movies would be ridiculous-and producers have delivered a remarkable number of historically faithful movies. But some of them get too much of their history wrong. History Goes to the Movies is a guide, however imperfect, for readers and viewers aiming to get it right.36. Emma Thompson said ________ that In the Name of the Father was historically inaccurate.A. it didn't matter. B. it was upsetting.C It aroused her attention. D. it wasn't obvious.37. By “in fact they're not just movies” (in paragraph 2), the author means that________.A. some movies are much more profitable than othersB. movies serve more purposes than entertaining viewsC. movies tend to provide viewers with false detailsD. the movies about historical figures attract history lovers38. Which of the following is true of History Goes to the Movies?A. It is aimed at those who take interest in biographies.B. It rates a movie mainly according to how amusing it is.C. It introduces a movie's story as well as its related history.D. It focuses on the movies that presented history in a funny way.39. The passage is mainly intended to ________.A criticize the film industry's favoring entertainment over truthB. point out which films presented history in a wrong way.C. call on film directors to show respect for historyD. introduce a book involving history-based films(B)How to place an Order of Custom JeansSelect the Fabric & Styles→Fabric （布料）—Select the Fabric from our large collection of Denim Fabric Samples.→Special Wash—Select your favorite special wash treatment to make your jeans look stylish.→Thread Color—Select the thread color you want. You can select secondary thread color also, which can be used at certain stitches. Also, you can specify where you want to use the secondary thread under special not at the end of measurements.→Pocket Style - Select the front pocket & back pocket style. If you want your own styled front & back pocket, select my own design & send us the photo of the pocket style you want. If you are going with our default （默认） pocket style, we will make your jeans with basic 5-pocket pattern, which is universal style for jeans in all countries in the world.→Fly Style - Select the fly style you want, the Zip Fly or the Button Fly.MeasurementsSelect one option from “Make My Jeans” & “Copy A Jeans”→Make My Jeans - First Select ftting type according to what type of ftting you want for your jeans.Give your exact body measurements as described & shown in the photos. We will leave extra loosing as described in “Fitting Guide Table”. So refer to table first & then decide your fitting type.→Copy A Jeans - If you already have a perfect jeans and you like it the most, then you can send us all the measurements to us by following the instructions in “Copy A Jeans” section. We will make the perfect copy of your favorite jeans. Please note we can copy only the measurements, not the fabric and accessories.The measurements written in the measurements box by you will be the final measurements for your order processing. To change or modify it, contact us by E- mail or by phone and we will inform you about your order status and we will tell you what modification we are able to do at that stage.Confirm Your OrderBy pressing PROCEED tab, you will be redirected to “Confirm Order” page. On this page, you will see all the details you selected during order, you can again modify order by clicking edit tab.After confirming your order, press PROCEED tab.Make PaymentYou can make payments in different ways. We provide PayPal (direct pay by PayPal & by your credit card), net-banking, cheque or cash deposit and send a demand draft options.DeliveryAfter confirmation of your payment, we will start the jeans making process for you, and we will deliver your jeans within 30 days. After dispatching from here, it will take 3-5 days to deliver in India and 6-9 days to deliver out of India.Enjoy Wearing SQ Jeans TM. 40. In Fabric & Styles, which item leaves you with the least personal choice?A. Fabric. B. Fly Style.C. Pocket Style. D. Thread Color41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is True?A. The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in your order.B. If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed, nothing can be done to fix the situation.C. Before payment, you can check your order in detail and feel free to make modifications multiple times.D. The tailor will make an identical copy of your favorite jeans if you follow the instructions in “Copy A Jeans” section.42. If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October 12, you will receive your jeans no later than________.A. Oct.21 B. Nov.11C. Nov.16 D. Nov.20(C)There are few spectacles more unpleasant than a television presenter trying to hang on to a job. When one of the presenters of the BBC program Crimewatch resigned recently, rather than suffer the inevitable indignity of being unfinished and replaced by a younger version, he made the usual hurt noises about his masters' overemphasis on youth. People in the media listened sympathetically before he slid from view to join the ranks of television's has-beens.The presenter's argument, that the views don't care how old you are so long as you can “do the job,” unfortunately is not backed up by the evidence. When you're on TV, viewers are always thinking about whether you're losing your hair or your figure and, lately, whether you've had cosmetic work done. This is what they're actually doing when you think they're listening to the wise things you say. Viewers actually don't understand much of what the job involves, they just see you sitting there looking the part. Like the ability to pet one's head while rubbing one's stomach, TV presenting is just one of those sills. Some of those who possess this skill can hit the big name, inevitably as they become more attached to the lifestyle this brings, however, the more likely they are to overstate the skill.In reality, if somebody is paying you a lot of money to do a job, it's often on the tacit （心照不宣的） understanding that you may be fired suddenly-it's part of the deal. Unlike football managers, TV presenters pretend not to understand this. If they've had many years being paid silly sums to read a script from an autocue （ 自动题词机），it's difficult for them to accept that they've been the beneficiary of good fortune rather than anything else; even harder to face the fact that an editor could all too easily send them to the shopping channels.Something similar eventually awaits all the people who are currently making fortunes that would have been unimaginable to earlier generations of presenters. One day we'll decide that their face no longer fits and they'll be dragged away complaining about the same ageist policy from which they no doubt previously profited. Show business is a brutal （残忍的） business. The one thing it reliably punishes is age, particularly among women. That's why, at the age of fifty, female TV presenters become female radio presenters and why girl bands planning to re-form need to get it done before they're forty, after which it will get too hard for everyone to suspend their collective disbelief.43. What does the writer imply about the Crimewatch presenter he mentions in the first paragraph?A. He was unwise to resign when he did.B. He will soon be forgotten by the viewers.C. He may well have had a valid point to make.D. He was treated insensitively by his employers.44. The underlined pronoun “this” in paragraph 2 refers to________.A. a public image B. a level of successC. an overstatement D. a common misunderstanding45. Why does the writer mention football managers in paragraph 3?A. To support his view that presenters are overpaid.B. To stress how important luck is in certain occupations.C. To show how relatively secure TV presents are in their jobs.D To illustrate a general rule that applies to certain types of job.46. According to the writer, TV personalities who may worry about ageism ________.A. should look for work in other forms of broadcastingB. may have benefited from it themselves at some pointC. are less well respected than presenters of the pastD. are being unfair to up-and-coming younger colleaguesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimize ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain's software. ____47____There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable confidence, “this will help”, is mental activity.There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other intellectually challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered from the physical effects of brain ageing and degenerative diseases. We cal this buffer “cognitive reserve” - a back-up reservoir of brain function that can protect from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. For example, people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a lower risk of developing dementia. ____48____ In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive, reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve. ____49____ The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be3 in designing interventions to keep the human brain healthier for longer. ____50____ We think it can be built up throughout life for everyone. Therefore, taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably applies no matter how old you are. Crucially, it's never to late to start.A. Many ways of doing this have been suggested, but few have scientific weight behind them.B. Though there is not enough scientific research about it, many suggestions have been put forward.C. Cognitive reserve isn't exclusive to those who have the IQ of a genius or who've devoted their life to theoretical physics.D. Yet there's still much to discover about the potential of cognitive reserve for optimizing the brain's resilience.E. This is despite the fact that their brains actually show normal amounts of age- and disease-related damage.F. However, studies about the potential of cognitive reserve for optimizing the brain's resilience leave much to be desired.Ⅳ. Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Where Arts Should Get Its Funding?Few people would contest the value of arts in a civilized society. Great art enriches people’s lives by providing pleasure, stimulation and an escape from the pressure of everyday life. However, it is also true that many of the arts, such as classical music, the ballet, and the visual arts have always attracted a minority audience. The question is whether the arts should be publicly funded, or whether it is the consumers who should pay.It is my view that the government should subsidize the arts, for a number of reasons. First of all, without subsidies, many artists would undoubtedly be unable to survive financially. Government grants can enable them to work with artistic freedom, while if they worked independently or relied on private subsidies they might be subject to market pressures and the need to make a profit. Secondly, the arts contribute to a nation’s cultural heritage and can create a sense of social identity. They can also play an important role in education, community regeneration and even crime prevention. However, the main argument for public funding of the arts is not social usefulness, but rather because they are important for their own sake.Of course, there are those who argue that public money would be better spent on meeting the needs of the poorer members of society, rather than catering for the interests of an elite. However, I believe that a healthy society is one in which art and creativity are valued alongside these basic needs. Indeed, a civilized society ought to make the arts accessible to everyone, regardless of their background or income.In conclusion, the arts should be funded across a broad range of activities, for example, by supporting community or school theatre projects, or bringling sculptures and art installations to public places.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 环保主义者们为了这片森林免遭人类活动的破坏煞费苦心。（take）（汉译英）53. 许多政府官员意识到了这些问题，但各种利益冲突妨碍了问题的解决。(way) （汉译英）54. 所有与会者都对Malala，这位为了女性教育权利斗争的诺贝尔和平奖获得者，表示了敬意。（present）（汉译英）55. 无论是向银行申请贷款还是向亲朋好友借钱，他都难以开展该项目。(put) （汉译英）VI. Guided Writing56. 随着手机及其他电子设备的普及，“低头族”随处可见。大街上，公交车上……，以年轻人为主。针对这一问题，请写一篇倡议书，提醒人们低头看手机的危害，并呼吁人们尽量抬起头来。要求：1.观点鲜明；2.行文连贯流畅；3.字数100左右。文章开头已经给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：低头族 phubber__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________