备战2023年春季英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点12 阅读理解之说明文
展开中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同,要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文,说明文,应用文等。
考点详解
1. 快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项,进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多,而题材又比较广泛,所以阅读时,首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构,理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵意义,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服"思维定势",根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法,遵循四个原则:
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发,从大处着手,避免孤立地分析每一空格,造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中,逻辑推理非常重要,有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确,但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多,需要熟练掌握,才能做好此类题目。
真题再现
一、阅读单选
(2021·山东聊城·中考真题)D yu think that a snwshe hare (雪鞋兔) wears snwshes? D yu knw what snw shes are? Maybe yu live in a warm place where it desn’t snw. Yu wuld then never need t wear snwshes.
But the lvely snwshe hares are wearing “snwshes”. They can be fund in the frests in Nrth America. They gt their name because f the large size f their back legs. The legs stp them frm sinking int the snw when they jump and walk.
Snwshe hares are nt rabbits. Althugh hares and rabbits are in the same animal family, they are a bit different. Hares are a little larger than rabbits, and they usually have lnger legs and bigger ears. Rabbits can’t see and have n fur (软毛) when they are brn. They are able t see and get fur when they grw a little lder. Hares, hwever, are brn t see, fully furred and ready t run.
Snwshe hares live in places where the winter is cld. Just like leaves f trees turning clur in autumn, snwshe hares turn frm brwn t white during the winter, s they can be f the same clur as the snw and keep away frm danger. They turn brwn again in spring. It takes abut ten weeks fr them t fully change clur. The nly part f the fur that desn’t change clur is the very tps f the ears, which stay black.
Snwshe hares are active at night. When the sun ges dwn, they cme ut fr dinner. Grasses and berries are their favurite fds.
1.A snwshe hare is a hare that ________.
A.wears snwshesB.has big frnt legs
C.has large back legsD.lives in Suth America
2.The underlined wrd “sinking” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “________” in Chinese.
A.下陷B.弹起C.挖掘D.躲藏
3.Hares ________ when they are brn.
A.can’t see and have n furB.can see and have fur
C.can’t see but have furD.can see but have n fur
4.What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut? ________
A.The changes f clurs f leaves.
B.The places where the winter is cld.
C.The danger that snwshe hares face.
D.The changes f clurs f snwshe hares.
5.Which f the fllwing is true? ________
A.Rabbits are a little smaller than hares.
B.Snwshe hares are active in the daytime.
C.Snwshe hares like grasses and leaves mst.
D.Hares and rabbits are in different animal families.
(2021·山东聊城·中考真题)Welcme t learn English in Ls Angeles! We can ffer yu great summer English curses.
The curses last fr fur, six r eight weeks.They start at the end f July. Our teachers are well trained and have a lt f experience.They teach English classes fr fur hurs a day.Yu can wrk in small r large grups: it depends n yur persnal chice. We prvide bks, and we set tests every week t check yur prgress.There are als cmputers fr persnal study.
As well as learning English, we want yu t experience life in the US. Yu can stay as a guest with an American family and take part in their daily life. Yu will have meals with the family and d sme activities with them t. Fr many f ur students this is the best part f the curse. Many families frm clse friendships with the students and stay in tuch with them. But if yu prefer, f curse, yu can stay in a htel.
There are many exciting things t d in Ls Angeles. We plan activities every day after class. Yu can chse t take trips t Hllywd, Disneyland r San Francisc, r yu can g shpping.
In a wrd, yu are certain t get the best pssible experience f English learning and life in the US. But yu must pay fr yur curse at least ne mnth befre it starts. D nt wait--fill ut ur frm and cme t learn English in Ls Angeles!
6.The lngest curse prbably ends in ________ .
A.JulyB.AugustC.SeptemberD.Octber
7.Which f the fllwing is NOT true abut the teachers? ________
A.They are well trained.
B.They set tests every day.
C.They have a lt f experience.
D.They wrk fr fur hurs a day.
8.Fr many students, the best part f the curse is ________.
A.ging shppingB.staying in a htel
C.learning EnglishD.experiencing American family life
9.Yu will be asked t ________ if yu want t learn English in Ls Angeles.
A.fill ut a frmB.wrk in small grups
C.take trips t HllywdD.pay fr yur curse after class
10.The passage abve is mst prbably ________.
A.an advertisement (广告)B.a travel guide
C.a language intrductinD.an entertainment (娱乐) reprt
(2021·贵州黔西·中考真题)What is the life in an ecsystem(生态系统)? Yu’re in the frest. Frm yur place n the hill, yu can see a pnd belw yu and the sun shining abve yu. A pnd is an area f water smaller than lake. A frg sings nisily thrugh yur binculars(双筒望远镜), yu see the cattails (香蒲)shaking in the wind. Yu clse in n the dragnflies(蜻蜓) resting n them.
Lk at a family f ducks swimming alng nisily. The brthers and sisters at the end f the line hurry t keep up. At the ther side f the pnd, a lng-legged bird, hern(苍鹭)waits patently in the reeds. Reeds are grass-liked plants in wet places. Yu watch carefully as the hern drps his head dwn int the water, when it pulls suddenly back up, yu see the fish in in muth. Yu may nt realize it, but yu are watching a great system(系统) in actin.
What is a system?
A system is made up f many parts wrking tgether fr a purpse(目的). But scientists divide them int tw main parts, they are living and nnliving parts. Every part f system is imprtant, if any part f system is lst, the whle system des nt wrk.
Let’s take anther lk. The ducks and the herns are birds, the frg is an amphibian, which can live bth n land and in water. The dragnflies are insects(昆虫)and the cattails are plants. They are all alive. What nnliving parts can yu think f?Air, water sunlight, and land frms are all nnliving parts. All f these parts system are wrking tgether.
11.What des the writer want us t find in the first paragraph(段落)?
A.The sun shining abve.
B.A frg singing nisily.
C.The dragnflies resting n cattails.
D.The life in an ecsystem.
12.What is a hern?
A.A hern is a small bird with shrt legs.
B.A hern is a big bird with lng legs.
C.A hern is a kind f frgs with fur legs.
D.A hern i a kind f dragnflies.
13.Hw des a hern make a living accrding the passage?
A.It makes a living by eating ducks.
B.It makes a living by eating frgs.
C.It makes a living by eating fish.
D.It makes a living by eating dragnflies.
14.Hw many parts can we mainly divide the systems int accrding t scientist?
A.Tw parts.B.Three parts.C.Fur parts.D.Many parts.
15.Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A.The ducks and the hern are birds They are living parts.
B.The cattails are plants. They are nnliving parts.
C.The dragnflies are insects. They are living parts.
D.Air, water and sunlight are nnliving parts.
(2021·贵州遵义·中考真题)
Qmlangma is the third muntain f the Himalayas, s it is called the Third Gd Muntain in Tibetan language.
Qmlangma is very famus and it is higher than any ther muntain in the wrld. Its newest height is 8, 848.86 meters, which was annunced n December 8th, 2020. At the height f 8, 000 meters, there is nly 30% O2 and the human bdy can nly stand this height fr a few days, s it is dangerus fr humans t climb higher. But many climbers want t challenge themselves in the face f difficulties. As Alan Arnette, a muntain climber frm America, said “Climbing muntains drives yu t lk deep inside yurself, and lets yu find ut whether yu are healthy enugh and strng enugh in mind when yu want t stp.”
It’s a gd thing that Qmlangma gives peple a chance t becme strng-willed(意志坚强的) when trying t achieve their dreams. ▲ because many peple leave their waste behind, such as water bttles and plastic bags. They cause the envirnmental pllutin fr Qmlangma. Many lcal farmers said their sheep and cws wuld die after eating the plastic bags and it was t difficult t clean them up. Luckily, many vlunteers frm all ver the wrld came t Qmlangma t jin in the clean-up activity. A vlunteer advised, “When climbing Qmlangma, muntain climbing lvers shuld always take gd care f themselves, and at the same time, take gd care f Qmlangma.”
16.What’s the newest height f Qmlangma?
A.8, 000 meters.B.8, 844. 43 meters.C.8, 848. 86 meters.D.8, 848. 84 meters.
17.Accrding t Alan’s wrds, ________ t climb muntains.
A.yu had better frgetB.yu will be in great danger
C.yu need t be healthy enughD.yu’ll knw better abut yurself
18.Which can be the best sentence fr ▲ ?
A.Hwever, these years, Qmlangma is in danger
B.Climbers are easy t fall dwn n the muntain
C.It is very hard t take in air as yu get near the tp
D.But it shws that humans can smetimes be strnger
19.What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t in Paragraph 3?
A.Lcal farmers.B.Cws and sheep.C.Plastic bags.D.Water bttles.
20.What’s the passage mainly abut?
A.Qmlangma.B.Climbers.C.Himalayas.D.Tibetan Language.
(2021·贵州遵义·中考真题)①Playing the mbile phne a lt usually makes the relatinship between yu and yur parents difficult. Have yu decided t put yur mbile phne away, but yu just can’t stp checking it t ften? If yur answer is “Yes”, maybe yu are experiencing FOMO-Fear Of Missing Out.
②When yu have FOMO, yu might fear that thers are having mre fun r excitement than yu d. Or yu are prbably afraid f missing cmments(评论) frm yur friends n QQ, WeChat and s n, s yu have t make sure that yu are always nline.
③It is reprted that FOMO is a serius prblem, which can make yu feel upset, lnely and bred. And yu will be easily cntrlled by these feelings.
④In rder t slve the prblems caused by FOMO, here are a few tips fr yu.
*Care mre abut yurself
Try nticing what yu have instead f caring abut thers lives. Everyne is brn different.
Yu can have yur wn way t enjy yur life.
*Keep a diary
It’s fine that yu share yur life n the Internet, but remember, yur friends’ cmments are nt that imprtant t yu. S yu’d better write diaries in rder nt t check yur phne all the time.
*Find real cnnectins
Rather than talking with peple yu dn’t knw n the Internet, why nt meet smene in yur real life? Talking with families, making plans with a gd friend r creating a grup uting are all gd chices.
⑤In shrt, hpe the advice abve will help yu t deal with FOMO and then yu can get alng well with yur parents.
21.What ften makes the relatinship between yu and yur parents hard?
A.Yur mbile phne.B.Yur fear.C.Friends’ cmments.D.Yur diary.
22.Yu may feel ________ if yu have FOMO.
A.activeB.ExcitedC.happyD.lnely
23.Hw many tips are given t deal with FOMO in this passage?
A.Tw.B.Three.C.Fur.D.Five.
24.Yu can find real cnnectins by ________.
A.keeping a diary n the InternetB.chatting with smene n QQ
C.meeting smene face t faceD.creating a grup talking nline
25.Which f the fllwing shws the structure(结构) f this passage? (①=Paragraph 1)
A.B.C.D.
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