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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课时训练
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课时训练
Unit 4 Space ExplorationPeriod 2 Reading and Thinking练习I.根据汉语意思拼写单词。1.To many people, technology means computers, handheld devices, or ________ (交通工具) that travel to distant planets. 【答案】：vehicles2．An apple falls down because of ________ (重力)．【答案】：gravity3．Each human being has to die, but ________ (人类) goes on world without end.【答案】：mankind4．The astronauts trained for years in how to use their ________ (宇宙飞船)．【答案】：spacecrafts5．Where have all those boats gone in the ________ (码头)?【答案】：dock6．The Earth is only one of the numerous planets in the u________.【答案】：universe7．They put a weather satellite into the o________ around the earth.【答案】：orbit8．You can book at your local travel a________.【答案】：agency9．Before the traffic s________ turns to green light, please don't cross the street.【答案】：signal10．The ceremony was t________ live by satellite to over fifty countries.【答案】：transmitted【解析】本题考查单词在语境中的适当形式。Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Nepal has ________ (frontier) with both India and China. 【答案】：frontiers2．The ________ (datum) were collected from 69 countries.【答案】：data3．The six astronauts ________ board will spend ten days in space.【答案】：on4．After a short break, the match carried ________.【答案】：on5．My leg got injured. I couldn't walk ________ (independent). 【答案】：independently【解析】本题考查学生单句语法填空能力。Ⅲ.单句写作1．他们决意回到祖先的土地上。They were ______________ go back to the land of their ancestors. 【答案】：determined to2．俗话说你必须三思而后行。You have to look ____________________， as the saying goes. 【答案】：before you leap3．对你的拒绝我感到非常失望。I was ______________ your refusal.【答案】：disappointed at4．我非常渴望能够帮助和照顾他人。I had a strong ____________________ and care for people.【答案】：desire to help5．我们来这个小镇，是希望过一种简单的生活。We came to this small town __________________ living a simple life. 【答案】：in the hope of【解析】本题考查学生对于短语在语境中的适当形式。III.阅读理解。（每个2.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) Center If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with realworld applications for what they're studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about land and water survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week—there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac.com.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们可以在航空航天中心体验冒险的乐趣，还可以得到相关且专业的训练。1．Why do people come to SAC?A．To experience adventures.B．To look for jobs in aviation.C．To get a degree in engineering.D．To learn more about medicine.【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，人们来SAC是为了体验冒险。故选A。2．To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ________.A．fly to spaceB．get an Aviation badge firstC．study the principles of flightD．build and fire model rockets【答案】：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，为了获得太空探索荣誉徽章，学员们需要建造和发射火箭模型。故选D。3．What is the most important for trainees?A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.【答案】：B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为学员知道了领导力以及成为更大任务中的一分子的重要性。因此对于学员来说，最重要的是团队精神。故选B。BMaking beer on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth's surface. The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year.Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it's possible for yeast (酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, it's also important for the development of drugs and yeastcontaining foods, like bread. “The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends，” said Neeki Ashari, a fifthyear bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft of beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would appear on India's moonlander, we thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality (可行性) of yeast in outer space.”The preparation work for the beer—up to the stage of adding yeast—will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation (发酵) and carbonation stages of making beer, the team plans to combine them.This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place in a vessel no bigger than a soda can.All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India.Sadly, you won't be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由TeamIndus举办的Lab2Moon比赛有望让来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的一组学生们在月球上酿造啤酒的梦想得以实现。4．How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment?A．Excited. B．Nervous.C．Confident. D．Casual.【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，虽然在月球上酿造啤酒对于许多人来说是白日梦，但是对一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说，他们有机会在地球以外开展他们的研究，又根据第四段中的“We all appreciate the craft of beer ... of yeast in outer space.”可推知，他们有做这个实验的机会时应是兴奋的，故A项正确。5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A．The mixing of two stages.B．Adding yeast on Earth.C．The preparation work on Earth.D．Fermentation and carbonation.【答案】：A 指代判断题。根据第五段中的“rather than separating ... to combine them”可知，该实验小组在准备工作中计划把发酵过程和碳化过程结合起来；结合第六段可知，这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要，这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题。据此可推知，This指代把发酵过程和碳化过程两个阶段结合起来，故A项正确。6．What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?A．It has been designed based on similar experiments.B．It's quite competitive compared with other designs.C．Its design has already been approved by TeamIndus.D．Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener.【答案】：D 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要，这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题；根据第七段可知，发酵过程将在一个不比苏打罐大的容器中进行。据此可推知，该实验过程经过改造后，将更安全、环保，故D项正确。7．What does the author think of the students' idea?A．It seems like a pipe dream.B．It's extremely complicated.C．It's meaningful and hopeful.D．It's creative but impractical.【答案】：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.”可知，通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的反应，这个小实验可以提供重要的数据，告诉我们在其他行星和月球上制造我们自己的资源的可行性。据此可推知，作者认为这项实验是有意义、有希望的，故C项正确。CTry this: For an entire day, forget about the clock. Eat when you're hungry and sleep when you're tired. What do you think will happen?You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. You'll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep. Even though you don't know what time it is, your body does. These patterns of daily life are called circadian rhythms (生理节奏), and they are more than just habits. Inside our bodies are several clocklike systems that follow a roughly 24hour cycle. Throughout the day and night, our inner clocks directly changes in temperature, body chemicals, hunger, sleepiness and more.Everyone's rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early. But on the whole, everyone is programmed to feel tired at night and energetic during the day. Learning about our body clocks may help scientists understand why problems arise when we act out of step with our circadian rhythms. For example, traveling across time zones can make people wake up in the middle of the night. Regularly staying up late can make kids do worse in tests.“There is a growing sense that when we eat and when we sleep are important parts of how healthy we are，” says Steven Shea, director of the Sleep Disorders Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.One way to learn about how our body clocks tick is to mess them up and see what happens. That's what neurologist (神经病学家) Frank Scheer and his workmates did in a recent study. Staying up night after night, their studies suggest, could make kids extra hungry and more likely to gain weight. And regularly sleeping too little, Scheer says, may be one cause of the recent increase in childhood obesity.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述长期形成的生理节奏会保持我们的正常生活，生物钟紊乱会影响我们的生活。8．What will happen if you forget about the clock according to the passage?A．You will feel upset.B．You will behave normally.C．Your body will not know what time it is.D．You will probably get hungry more easily.【答案】：B 推理判断题。第二段中的第一、二句“You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. You'll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep.”说明你可能会惊讶地发现，你的一天和大多数其他日子很相似。由此可知即使不知道时间，人们的作息也会和平时一样。故B项正确。9．Mike feels energetic at 12 midnight while Tom feels sleepy. What advice would be given by the writer?A．Both should see a doctor.B．Tom should see a doctor.C．Both should take it easy.D．Mike should have a watch.【答案】：C 推理判断题。第三段中的第一句“Everyone's rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early.”表明每个人的节奏都不一样，这就是为什么你可能喜欢熬夜，而你姐姐总是想早点睡觉。由此可知，Mike在半夜12点感到精力充沛，而Tom却昏昏欲睡。是生理节奏不同，不是身体有问题，所以不必在意。故C项正确。10．How do Frank Scheer and his workmates study body clocks?A．By seeing what happens when they are messed up.B．By asking questions and collecting answers.C．By studying people traveling across time zones.D．By programming people with manmade clocks.【答案】：A 细节理解题。最后一段第一句“One way to learn about how our body clocks tick is to mess them up and see what happens.”说明了解我们的生物钟是如何运转的一个方法是把它们弄乱，看看会发生什么。结合该段第二句可知Frank Scheer及其工作伙伴正是用这种方法做近期的研究的。故A项正确。11．What will the writer most probably talk about next?A．Other examples of what people will do when their body clocks go wrong.B．Some effective medicines that can keep people from putting on weight.C．The importance of eating healthy food.D．What circadian rhythms are and how they work.【答案】：A 推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句可知，他们的研究表明，夜复一夜的熬夜会让孩子更加饥饿，更有可能发胖。Scheer说，经常睡眠太少可能是儿童肥胖最近增加的原因之一。承接上文生物钟紊乱所带来的不良影响，推断作者在下文还要继续列举生物钟紊乱的例子和不良影响。故A项正确。DMany years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around. Later, the compass was introduced. And now, we have satnav (卫星导航) systems to guide us. A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user's location. They send information to a receiver, such as a smartphone, to show us where we are.The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning Satellite System, which belongs to the US. Then there is Russia's Global Navigation Satellite system, the European Union's Galileo and China's own satellite navigation system, Beidou.On October 18, 2017, an ARJ21700 plane, which was the first domestically (国内地) produced jet equipped with the Beidou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight. The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced abroad, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has been increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support Beidou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.Farmers can use Beidou—enabled tractors to plow (犁) the soil and use unmanned aircraft with Beidou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources. Beidou's farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang Province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路). “To date, the Beidou system has covered most parts of the AsiaPacific region, as well as countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，” said Yang Changfeng, chief designer of the Beidou system.Today, there are more than 20 Beidou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the Beidou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.“As Beidou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry，” said Miao Qianjun, Secretary General of the navigation services association. “Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.\”篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的卫星导航系统北斗在生活中的重要作用。12．What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?A．To compare some modern satnav systems.B．To describe the benefits of satnav systems.C．To tell us how satnav systems were created.D．To introduce some satnav systems and their functions.【答案】：D 推理判断题。第一段最后两句“A satnav system ... where we are.”介绍了卫星导航系统的运用和作用；第二段介绍了几个国家的卫星导航系统，所以前两段的目的是介绍了几种卫星导航系统及其功能，故选D。13．What can we know about the Beidou navigation system according to the article?A．It was used successfully in a new jet plane.B．It is more powerful than other satnav systems.C．It was introduced to China on October, 2017.D．It wasn't used in our everyday life until recently.【答案】：A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“On October 18, 2017 ... completed a test flight.”(2017年10月18日，首架搭载北斗导航系统的国产喷气式飞机ARJ21700成功完成试飞。)故选A。14．According to the article, the Beidou navigation system is already widely used for ________.A．plowing the soil and sowing seedsB．improving the efficiency of networkC．producing more smart locks for shared bikesD．navigating ships across oceans to European countries【答案】：A 细节理解题。由第六段第一句可知北斗导航系统可被应用于耕地和播种，由第六段第二句可知其已被广泛应用，故选A。15．What is Miao Qianjun's attitude toward the future of the Beidou system?A．Worried. B．Casual.C．Positive. D．Doubtful.【答案】：C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘As Beidou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry，’ said Miao Qianjun”(“随着北斗向海外扩张，它在物流业中将越来越受欢迎，”苗千军说。)可推断出Miao Qianjun对北斗系统的未来持积极态度，故选C。V． 七选五第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gardening 380 Kilometers above EarthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. __16__ Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. __17__ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.__18__ Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't “know” to grow down, leaves don't “know” to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. __19__ Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (凝胶) are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. __20__ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruit and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植物的原因和好处以及种植方法。16．D 空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因。故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22,000美元”符合语境。17．F 根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物。故F项正确。18．B 上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系。故B项正确。19．E 根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法。故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。20．C 根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水却能在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来积极效果。故C项正确。
Unit 4 Space ExplorationPeriod 2 Reading and Thinking练习I.根据汉语意思拼写单词。1.To many people, technology means computers, handheld devices, or ________ (交通工具) that travel to distant planets. 【答案】：vehicles2．An apple falls down because of ________ (重力)．【答案】：gravity3．Each human being has to die, but ________ (人类) goes on world without end.【答案】：mankind4．The astronauts trained for years in how to use their ________ (宇宙飞船)．【答案】：spacecrafts5．Where have all those boats gone in the ________ (码头)?【答案】：dock6．The Earth is only one of the numerous planets in the u________.【答案】：universe7．They put a weather satellite into the o________ around the earth.【答案】：orbit8．You can book at your local travel a________.【答案】：agency9．Before the traffic s________ turns to green light, please don't cross the street.【答案】：signal10．The ceremony was t________ live by satellite to over fifty countries.【答案】：transmitted【解析】本题考查单词在语境中的适当形式。Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Nepal has ________ (frontier) with both India and China. 【答案】：frontiers2．The ________ (datum) were collected from 69 countries.【答案】：data3．The six astronauts ________ board will spend ten days in space.【答案】：on4．After a short break, the match carried ________.【答案】：on5．My leg got injured. I couldn't walk ________ (independent). 【答案】：independently【解析】本题考查学生单句语法填空能力。Ⅲ.单句写作1．他们决意回到祖先的土地上。They were ______________ go back to the land of their ancestors. 【答案】：determined to2．俗话说你必须三思而后行。You have to look ____________________， as the saying goes. 【答案】：before you leap3．对你的拒绝我感到非常失望。I was ______________ your refusal.【答案】：disappointed at4．我非常渴望能够帮助和照顾他人。I had a strong ____________________ and care for people.【答案】：desire to help5．我们来这个小镇，是希望过一种简单的生活。We came to this small town __________________ living a simple life. 【答案】：in the hope of【解析】本题考查学生对于短语在语境中的适当形式。III.阅读理解。（每个2.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) Center If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with realworld applications for what they're studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about land and water survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week—there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac.com.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们可以在航空航天中心体验冒险的乐趣，还可以得到相关且专业的训练。1．Why do people come to SAC?A．To experience adventures.B．To look for jobs in aviation.C．To get a degree in engineering.D．To learn more about medicine.【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，人们来SAC是为了体验冒险。故选A。2．To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ________.A．fly to spaceB．get an Aviation badge firstC．study the principles of flightD．build and fire model rockets【答案】：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，为了获得太空探索荣誉徽章，学员们需要建造和发射火箭模型。故选D。3．What is the most important for trainees?A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.【答案】：B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为学员知道了领导力以及成为更大任务中的一分子的重要性。因此对于学员来说，最重要的是团队精神。故选B。BMaking beer on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth's surface. The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year.Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it's possible for yeast (酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, it's also important for the development of drugs and yeastcontaining foods, like bread. “The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends，” said Neeki Ashari, a fifthyear bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft of beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would appear on India's moonlander, we thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality (可行性) of yeast in outer space.”The preparation work for the beer—up to the stage of adding yeast—will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation (发酵) and carbonation stages of making beer, the team plans to combine them.This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place in a vessel no bigger than a soda can.All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India.Sadly, you won't be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由TeamIndus举办的Lab2Moon比赛有望让来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的一组学生们在月球上酿造啤酒的梦想得以实现。4．How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment?A．Excited. B．Nervous.C．Confident. D．Casual.【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，虽然在月球上酿造啤酒对于许多人来说是白日梦，但是对一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说，他们有机会在地球以外开展他们的研究，又根据第四段中的“We all appreciate the craft of beer ... of yeast in outer space.”可推知，他们有做这个实验的机会时应是兴奋的，故A项正确。5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A．The mixing of two stages.B．Adding yeast on Earth.C．The preparation work on Earth.D．Fermentation and carbonation.【答案】：A 指代判断题。根据第五段中的“rather than separating ... to combine them”可知，该实验小组在准备工作中计划把发酵过程和碳化过程结合起来；结合第六段可知，这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要，这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题。据此可推知，This指代把发酵过程和碳化过程两个阶段结合起来，故A项正确。6．What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?A．It has been designed based on similar experiments.B．It's quite competitive compared with other designs.C．Its design has already been approved by TeamIndus.D．Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener.【答案】：D 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要，这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题；根据第七段可知，发酵过程将在一个不比苏打罐大的容器中进行。据此可推知，该实验过程经过改造后，将更安全、环保，故D项正确。7．What does the author think of the students' idea?A．It seems like a pipe dream.B．It's extremely complicated.C．It's meaningful and hopeful.D．It's creative but impractical.【答案】：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.”可知，通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的反应，这个小实验可以提供重要的数据，告诉我们在其他行星和月球上制造我们自己的资源的可行性。据此可推知，作者认为这项实验是有意义、有希望的，故C项正确。CTry this: For an entire day, forget about the clock. Eat when you're hungry and sleep when you're tired. What do you think will happen?You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. You'll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep. Even though you don't know what time it is, your body does. These patterns of daily life are called circadian rhythms (生理节奏), and they are more than just habits. Inside our bodies are several clocklike systems that follow a roughly 24hour cycle. Throughout the day and night, our inner clocks directly changes in temperature, body chemicals, hunger, sleepiness and more.Everyone's rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early. But on the whole, everyone is programmed to feel tired at night and energetic during the day. Learning about our body clocks may help scientists understand why problems arise when we act out of step with our circadian rhythms. For example, traveling across time zones can make people wake up in the middle of the night. Regularly staying up late can make kids do worse in tests.“There is a growing sense that when we eat and when we sleep are important parts of how healthy we are，” says Steven Shea, director of the Sleep Disorders Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.One way to learn about how our body clocks tick is to mess them up and see what happens. That's what neurologist (神经病学家) Frank Scheer and his workmates did in a recent study. Staying up night after night, their studies suggest, could make kids extra hungry and more likely to gain weight. And regularly sleeping too little, Scheer says, may be one cause of the recent increase in childhood obesity.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述长期形成的生理节奏会保持我们的正常生活，生物钟紊乱会影响我们的生活。8．What will happen if you forget about the clock according to the passage?A．You will feel upset.B．You will behave normally.C．Your body will not know what time it is.D．You will probably get hungry more easily.【答案】：B 推理判断题。第二段中的第一、二句“You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. You'll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep.”说明你可能会惊讶地发现，你的一天和大多数其他日子很相似。由此可知即使不知道时间，人们的作息也会和平时一样。故B项正确。9．Mike feels energetic at 12 midnight while Tom feels sleepy. What advice would be given by the writer?A．Both should see a doctor.B．Tom should see a doctor.C．Both should take it easy.D．Mike should have a watch.【答案】：C 推理判断题。第三段中的第一句“Everyone's rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early.”表明每个人的节奏都不一样，这就是为什么你可能喜欢熬夜，而你姐姐总是想早点睡觉。由此可知，Mike在半夜12点感到精力充沛，而Tom却昏昏欲睡。是生理节奏不同，不是身体有问题，所以不必在意。故C项正确。10．How do Frank Scheer and his workmates study body clocks?A．By seeing what happens when they are messed up.B．By asking questions and collecting answers.C．By studying people traveling across time zones.D．By programming people with manmade clocks.【答案】：A 细节理解题。最后一段第一句“One way to learn about how our body clocks tick is to mess them up and see what happens.”说明了解我们的生物钟是如何运转的一个方法是把它们弄乱，看看会发生什么。结合该段第二句可知Frank Scheer及其工作伙伴正是用这种方法做近期的研究的。故A项正确。11．What will the writer most probably talk about next?A．Other examples of what people will do when their body clocks go wrong.B．Some effective medicines that can keep people from putting on weight.C．The importance of eating healthy food.D．What circadian rhythms are and how they work.【答案】：A 推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句可知，他们的研究表明，夜复一夜的熬夜会让孩子更加饥饿，更有可能发胖。Scheer说，经常睡眠太少可能是儿童肥胖最近增加的原因之一。承接上文生物钟紊乱所带来的不良影响，推断作者在下文还要继续列举生物钟紊乱的例子和不良影响。故A项正确。DMany years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around. Later, the compass was introduced. And now, we have satnav (卫星导航) systems to guide us. A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user's location. They send information to a receiver, such as a smartphone, to show us where we are.The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning Satellite System, which belongs to the US. Then there is Russia's Global Navigation Satellite system, the European Union's Galileo and China's own satellite navigation system, Beidou.On October 18, 2017, an ARJ21700 plane, which was the first domestically (国内地) produced jet equipped with the Beidou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight. The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced abroad, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has been increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support Beidou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.Farmers can use Beidou—enabled tractors to plow (犁) the soil and use unmanned aircraft with Beidou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources. Beidou's farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang Province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路). “To date, the Beidou system has covered most parts of the AsiaPacific region, as well as countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，” said Yang Changfeng, chief designer of the Beidou system.Today, there are more than 20 Beidou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the Beidou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.“As Beidou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry，” said Miao Qianjun, Secretary General of the navigation services association. “Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.\”篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的卫星导航系统北斗在生活中的重要作用。12．What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?A．To compare some modern satnav systems.B．To describe the benefits of satnav systems.C．To tell us how satnav systems were created.D．To introduce some satnav systems and their functions.【答案】：D 推理判断题。第一段最后两句“A satnav system ... where we are.”介绍了卫星导航系统的运用和作用；第二段介绍了几个国家的卫星导航系统，所以前两段的目的是介绍了几种卫星导航系统及其功能，故选D。13．What can we know about the Beidou navigation system according to the article?A．It was used successfully in a new jet plane.B．It is more powerful than other satnav systems.C．It was introduced to China on October, 2017.D．It wasn't used in our everyday life until recently.【答案】：A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“On October 18, 2017 ... completed a test flight.”(2017年10月18日，首架搭载北斗导航系统的国产喷气式飞机ARJ21700成功完成试飞。)故选A。14．According to the article, the Beidou navigation system is already widely used for ________.A．plowing the soil and sowing seedsB．improving the efficiency of networkC．producing more smart locks for shared bikesD．navigating ships across oceans to European countries【答案】：A 细节理解题。由第六段第一句可知北斗导航系统可被应用于耕地和播种，由第六段第二句可知其已被广泛应用，故选A。15．What is Miao Qianjun's attitude toward the future of the Beidou system?A．Worried. B．Casual.C．Positive. D．Doubtful.【答案】：C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘As Beidou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry，’ said Miao Qianjun”(“随着北斗向海外扩张，它在物流业中将越来越受欢迎，”苗千军说。)可推断出Miao Qianjun对北斗系统的未来持积极态度，故选C。V． 七选五第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gardening 380 Kilometers above EarthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. __16__ Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. __17__ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.__18__ Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't “know” to grow down, leaves don't “know” to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. __19__ Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (凝胶) are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. __20__ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruit and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植物的原因和好处以及种植方法。16．D 空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因。故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22,000美元”符合语境。17．F 根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物。故F项正确。18．B 上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系。故B项正确。19．E 根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法。故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。20．C 根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水却能在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来积极效果。故C项正确。
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