初中英语中考复习 专题10-情态动词-2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)(原卷版)
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专题10-情态动词
2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)
目录
考情分析:
1. 情态动词can 和could的主要用法
2. 情态动词may和might 的主要用法
3. 情态动词must 的主要用法
4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法
5. 情态动词 shall 的主要用法
6. 情态动词 should 的主要用法
7. 情态动词ought to 的主要用法
8. 情态动词 will 的主要用法
9. 情态动词 would 的主要用法
10 . 含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法
11. 牛刀小试
考情分析:
中考英语试题对情态动词的考查主要是:一般疑问句的问与答,理解情态动词表示猜测的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”,“应该”或“必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能独立作谓语动词,必须和动词原形连用(ought除外)。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)。
1. 情态动词can 和could的主要用法
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。
如:
Can you swim?
你能游泳吗?
His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses.
他的奶奶虽然八十多岁了, 但是仍旧不用戴眼镜能够阅读。
can和be able to表示“能力”时的区别: can只有现在式和过去式两种形式,而be able to除了现在式和过去式,还有将来式和完成式等多种形式。
如:
She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午她将能帮助你。
This is the information that I have been able to get so far.
这是我到目前为止能得到的信息。
(2)表示“许可,允许”。can 和could没有时态上的区别,could比can在语气上更客气;在回答could引导的一般疑问句时要用can。
如:
Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?
你能告诉我去火车站的路吗?
—Could I use your pen?
我可以用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, of course you can.
是,当然你可以。
(3)表示“可能”,can多用于否定句和疑问句。
如:
We know that a computer can’t think for itself.
我们知道计算机不可能自己思考。
Can she still be alive after all these years?
这些年过后,她仍旧可能活着吗?
(4)表示否定推测,意为“不可能”。
如:
The shy boy can’t be our monitor. (对现在情况的否定推测)
那个腼腆的男孩不可能是我们的班长。
The ground is dry. It can’t have rained. (对过去情况的否定推测)
地面是干的,不可能下过雨。
2. 情态动词may和might 的主要用法
(1)表示许可,意为“可以”。might比may语气上更客气,更委婉。在回答may和might引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答要用mustn’t。
如:
—May/Might I go now?
我可以现在去吗?
—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t.
是,你可以。/ 不,你一定不要。
May/Might I have a talk with you?
我可以和你聊聊吗?
(2)表示可能性,意为“可能”,might的可能性比较小。
如:
You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.
你可能在这走数英里都见不到任何人。
He may/might be sick.
他可能是病了。
(3)表示对可能的情况推测,might的可能性比较小。
如:
That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher.
那个妇女进了教室,她可能是我们的老师。
They might/may have gone out at that time.
在那个时候,他们可能出去了。
(4)表示祝愿。(may+名词或代词+动词)
如:
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
May God bless you!
上帝保佑你!
3. 情态动词must 的主要用法
(1)must表示“必须”,“应该”,否定式must not/mustn’t表示“不准”,“禁止”。在回答must引导的一般疑问句时,否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to。
如:
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
工作必须尽可能快得完成。
You mustn’t swim here,because it’s dangerous.
你一定不要在这游泳,因为很危险。
—Must I be home before ten o’clock?
十点钟,我必须在家吗?
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
不,你不必一定在。
(2)表示肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”。
如:
You must be hungry after such a long walk. (对现在的肯定推测)
漫长的步行后,你一定是饿了。
I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. (对过去的肯定推测)
我没有听到那个电话。我一定是睡着了。
注意must和have to的区别:must表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观需要;must只有一种形式,可用于一般现在时和一般将来时,而have to有多种形式,可用于不同时态。
如:
As a student, I must study very hard.
作为一个学生,我必须努力学习。
I have to be at my office before eight every morning.
每天早上八点之前,我必须在我的办公室。
4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法
(1)need作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。
need无人称变化,后接动词原形,意思是“需要”。
在回答need引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。
如:
He needn’t do that.
他不需要那样做。
—Need you go now?
你需要现在去吗?
—Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t.
是,我必须(现在去)。/ 不,我不需要。
(2)need可用作行为动词,用法与其他的行为动词一样。
We need to think it over.
我们需要仔细考虑。
Does he need to go now?
他需要现在去吗?
She didn’t need to know it.
她不需要知道它。
5. 情态动词 shall 的主要用法
shall用作情态动词,用于第二和第三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”,“警告”,“允诺”的意思。在疑问句中,shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示,多用于第一人称。
如:
You shall do as I say.
你应该按照我说得做。
Shall we take a walk after dinner?
我们饭后去散步好吗?
Let’s go home together, shall we?
让我们一起回家,好吗?
6. 情态动词 should 的主要用法
(1)表示“应该”,说话人主观上认为的责任和义务,可用于所有人称。
如:
You should keep your promise once you make it.
你一旦许诺,就应该兑现。
(2)should have done表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,而shouldn’t have done表示过去不应该做而实际上已经做了的事。
如:
It’s eleven o’clock. He should have arrived here by now.
十一点钟了。他应该不晚于现在到这。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about that.
你本不该告诉任何人关于那事。
7. 情态动词ought to 的主要用法
表示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。
否定形式为ought not to(缩写形式为oughtn’t to),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词原形。
如:
You ought to do it now.
你应该现在就做。
—Ought we to go there now?
我们应该现在就去那吗?
—Yes, you ought(to).
是,你应该去。
—No, you ought not(to).
不,你不该去。
8. 情态动词 will 的主要用法
表示“意志”,“意愿”,用于各人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。
如:
We will help her if she asks to us.
如果她问我们,我们就愿意帮助她。
Will you please give him a message when you see him?
当你看见他时,给他稍个信好吗?
9. 情态动词 would 的主要用法
would是 will 的过去式,表示过去的“意志”,“愿望”,用于各个人称。用于陈述句和疑问句中还表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比will委婉。
She said that she would do that whatever happened.
她说无论发生什么她都愿意做。
I promised you that I would do my best to help you.
我保证过我将尽力帮助你。
—Would you like some apples?
你想吃苹果吗?
—Yes, I’d like to.
是的,我想吃。
I would like to go with you tonight.
今晚我想和你一起去。
10 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法
情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。含有情态动词的被动语态变为否定句时,应在情态动词后面加not;变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。
如:
Tables can be made of stone.
桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.
那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)
Can tables be made of stone?
桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)
Waste paper should not be thrown here.
废纸不应该扔在这里。
Should it be done by Li Ming?
这件事应该是李明干吗?
11. 牛刀小试
1.(2022·山东·济南市槐荫区教育教学研究中心二模)—Gina, ________ you show me how to make Russian soup?
—Sure.
A.can B.may C.must D.should
2.(2022·江苏·宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模)—He ________ be in the classroom.
—No. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A.should B.can C.may D.shouldn’t
3.(2022·河北·二模)Look at the “No Fishing” sign. You ________ fish here.
A.mustn’t B.should C.can D.needn’t
4.(2022·甘肃武威·二模)Zhangye Danxia, one of the world’s top ten magical geographical wonders, ________ be protected very well.
A.must B.would C.may D.could
5.(2022·吉林长春·二模)My little cousin is so talented that he __________ play the piano at the age of three.
A.might B.should C.can D.could
6.(2022·辽宁锦州·中考真题)—Will plants grow on other planets?
—That ________ be true. It’s really difficult to predict the future.
A.mustn’t B.should C.needn’t D.may
7.(2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题)— On my way to the supermarket, I saw Jimmy hanging out with someone.
— It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.might D.could
8.(2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题)The lights of Tom’s house aren’t on. I think he _______ be at home now.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.won’t D.can’t
9.(2022·山东济南·模拟预测)—Is that Paul playing the piano in the music room?
—It ________be him. I just saw him in Miss Li’s office.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.can D.must
10.(2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测)— Is that black car over there your uncle’s?
— No, it ________ be his. He has driven to Jilin to have a meeting.
A.must B.can C.can’t D.mustn’t
11.(2022·江苏·仪征市第三中学模拟预测)—Excuse me, when are we going to have a school trip?
—I’m not sure. Ask Thomas, please. He ________ know.
A.need B.can C.may D.shall
12.(2022·湖北·阳新县富川中学模拟预测)—Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day?
—For your health, you ________ be too careful.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
13.(2022·江苏·苏州市平江中学校一模)—Have you decided to take up teaching as career after graduation?
—I ________ go abroad for further education instead. But I haven’t made up my mind yet.
A.must B.should C.may D.shall
14.(2022·山东济南·模拟预测)She ________ be here. She is on the way to London.
A.can’t B.may C.needn’t D.must
15.(2022·辽宁大连·二模)— ________ I have a look at your photo?
— Sure. Here you are.
A.Can B.Need C.Must D.Should
16.(2022·安徽·霍邱县第三中学模拟预测)The magazine ________ be Lily’s. Let’s go and ask her.
A.can’t B.may C.must D.should
17.(2022·云南普洱·模拟预测)—Steve is walking the dog in the park.
—He ________ be. Listen! He is reading English in his room.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t
18.(2022·河北·唐山市第十二中学一模)Life ________ be easy or difficult. Sometimes it depends on how you look at it.
A.can B.need C.must D.should
19.(2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测)—I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses.
—They _________ be his. He doesn’t wear glasses.
A.could B.must C.can’t D.mustn’t
20.(2022·辽宁沈阳·一模)— Daddy, may I take a bath now?
— No, you ________ test the water first.
A.must B.may C.can D.will
21.(2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测)The man _________ be Mr. Black, because he has gone to Paris.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.must D.need
22.(2022·广西·环江毛南族自治县教育局二模)—May I use your pen, Kate?
—Sorry, you ________. I am using it.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
23.(2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测)—Tina, once you have a plan, you ________ try your best to achieve it.
—OK, mum. I will.
A.can B.may C.might D.should
24.(2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测)—Where is Zhang Hua? Is he in the classroom now?
—He ________ be there, for I saw him in the teachers’ office just now.
A.need not B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
25.(2022·云南昆明·二模)That man over there ________ be Mr.Yang because he went to Shanghai yesterday.
A.must B.mustn’t C.need D.can’t
26.(2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测)—Lucy, I can take care of your pet. But how often ________ I feed it?
—Three times a day.
A.must B.should C.would D.may
27.(2022·辽宁·铁岭县莲花第一初级中学模拟预测)You _______ pull the cat’s tail, or it will hurt you.
A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.mightn’t
28.(2022·辽宁·铁岭县莲花第一初级中学模拟预测)—Do we have to come back before noon?
—No, we ________. We can play till 4:00 p. m.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
29.(2022·广西梧州·二模)—Excuse me, must I return these books right now?
—No, you ________. You can keep them for another five days.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
30.(2022·广西贺州·模拟预测)You _______ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
A.must B.need C.mustn’t D.needn’t
31.(2022·甘肃平凉·二模)—Mum, I’ve signed SF Express (快递). What’s in it?
—I’m not sure. It ________be a present from your sister.
A.mustn’t B.must C.might D.can’t
32.(2022·贵州黔西·中考真题)The headmaster often tells us that students ________ go to swim in rivers by themselves. It’s quite dangerous.
A.mustn’t B.must C.couldn’t D.could
33.(2022·辽宁大连·中考真题)—Wilson, ________ you help me carry the box upstairs?
—Sure, no problem.
A.could B.need C.should D.might
34.(2022·广西梧州·中考真题)—Can I swim in the lake, Mum? It’s so hot.
—No, you ________. The sign says “No swimming”.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.shouldn’t
35.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)—Hey, whose basketball do you think this is?
—It ________ belong to Linda. She likes playing basketball best in our class.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
36.(2022·山东滨州·中考真题)—Oh, my God! I’ll nearly lose my heart.
—Cheer up. Life ________ be perfect all the time.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
37.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)As we know, sixteen-year-olds ________ drive a car in our country.
A.must B.could C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
38.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)—I can’t find my dictionary. ________ I use yours?
—Sure, here you are.
A.Need B.May C.Must D.Should
39.(2022·四川达州·中考真题)— Exercising is good for our health.
— You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A.to take; sit B.take; sit C.take; sitting D.to take; sitting
40.(2022·江苏镇江·中考真题)—I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you _______. Her suggestions are of some value.
A.would B.should C.might D.could
41.(2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—Dad, must I become a doctor like you when I finish university in the future?
—No, you________. You can make your own decision and do whatever you like.
A.don’t have to B.can’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
42.(2022·江苏常州·中考真题)To achieve our dream, we ________ rest on what we have done.
A.may not B.should not C.need not D.could not
43.(2022·广西·中考真题)— ________ you tell us a story in English?
—I think I can do it. Let me try.
A.Need B.Can C.Should D.Must
44.(2022·广西柳州·中考真题)—Can you play the guitar, Mark?
—Yes, I ________.
A.can B.must C.will
45.(2022·北京·中考真题)—_________ I take photos here?
—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will
46.(2022·湖北荆州·中考真题)—Mike, I can’t stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I’m afraid you ________ .
A.could B.may C.would D.have to
47.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Can we play games here?
—Better not. If you ________, please go to the open space there.
A.must B.can C.may D.will
48.(2022·四川雅安·中考真题)—Excuse me. _______ I sit here?
—You’d better not. It’s the man’s seat.
A.Must B.Need C.Could D.Should
49.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, they __________ be looked after well by us.
A.should B.shouldn’t C.may D.may not
50.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)—The paper cutting is pretty lively, who made it?
—It ________ be Amy. None of us except her is able to do it.
A.would B.need C.must D.can
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