初中英语中考复习 专题09-动词-2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)(原卷版)
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目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc112141010" 考情分析: PAGEREF _Tc112141010 \h 1
\l "_Tc112141011" 1. 及物动词和不及物动词 PAGEREF _Tc112141011 \h 1
\l "_Tc112141012" 2. (连)系动词 PAGEREF _Tc112141012 \h 3
\l "_Tc112141013" 3. 助动词 PAGEREF _Tc112141013 \h 4
\l "_Tc112141014" 4. 情态动词 PAGEREF _Tc112141014 \h 4
\l "_Tc112141015" 5. 牛刀小试 PAGEREF _Tc112141015 \h 6
考情分析:
中考英语试题对动词的考查主要是:实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词), (连)系动词be,feel,lk,taste,smell等,助动词d/des/did和have/has及情态动词can,must,may等的用法。
如:
This kind f clth feels sft.
这种布料摸起来很柔软。((连)系动词)
We study English.
我们学英语。(及物动词)
Birds can fly.
鸟儿能飞。(不及物动词)
I dn’t like a dg.
我不喜欢狗。(助动词)
Can yu cme here?
你能来这吗?(情态动词)
1. 及物动词和不及物动词
(1)根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型:可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词,可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词等。
如:
My brther is flying the kite n the playgrund.(fly后跟单宾语the kite)
我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。
My mther gives me a new bike as the birthday present.(give后跟双宾语me和a new bike)
我妈妈给我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。
The teacher made his students happy by ding sme games. (made后跟宾语his students和宾语补足语happy)
老师通过做游戏使得学生高兴。
有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加t。常用的此类词有bring,give,hand, pass,pay,pst,return,sell,shw,teach,tell,thrw,lend等。
如:
Hand me that bk, please. = Hand that bk t me, please.
请递给我那本书。
有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加fr。常用的此类词有buy,chse,ck,draw,bk,find,get,make,rder等。
如:
My mm bught me a nice backpack. = My mm bught a nice backpack fr me.
我妈妈为我买了一个好看的书包。
及物动词有被动语态形式。
如:
A little girl pened the dr.
一个小女孩打开了门。(主动语态)
The dr was pened by a little girl.
门被一个小姑娘打开了。(被动语态)
(2)不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有时和介词或副词一起使用,可以接宾语。
如:
The little by runs quickly.
这个小孩子快速地跑了。
We arrived at the statin at five.
我们五点到达了车站。
(3)大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
常用的此类动词有pen,clse, start,change,drive,play,meet,win,study等。
如:
The girl turned her head and smiled.
这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。(turn是及物动词)
She turned and walked back t the classrm.
她转过身走回教室。(turn是不及物动词)
(4)有一些及物动词用作不及物动词可以表示被动的意思。这个时候句子的主语是物而不是人。
如:
My bks sld ut in a week.
我的书一个星期内卖完了。
2. (连)系动词
连系动词也称为系动词,用于连接主语和表语,表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词有一定词义,但不完整,不能单独做谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构。
如:
Yu are a teacher, but nt a gd ne.
你是一个老师,但不是好老师。
We feel very happy when we knw it.
当我们知道这个的时候,非常高兴。
常用的连系动词有:
状态连系动词:
表示主语的状态、性质、身份,常用的有be动词。
如:
My father is very strng.
我的爸爸非常强壮。
持续连系动词:
表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。常用的有:stay (保持),remain (保持),cntinue (继续)等。
表象连系动词:
用来表示“看起来”这一概念的词。常见的有:appear(看起来),seem(看似),lk(看起来)。
如:
Yur mther lks much yunger than I thught.
你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。
(4) 感官连系动词:
常用的有:feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sund(听起来)lk(看起来)。
如:
The milk tastes a little sur.
这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。
转变或结果连系动词:
常用的有:becme(变为),get(成为),grw(长得),turn(变得),g(变得)等。
如:
Our village is becming mre and mre beautiful.
我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。
3. 助动词
助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语,帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有:be,d,have,shall,will等。
如:
Will yu have a sprts meeting next week?
你们下一个星期举行体育运动会吗?
Is yur mther cking?
你妈妈在做饭吗?
Dn’t be late fr class next time.
下次上课不要再迟到了。
4. 情态动词
情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词连用作谓语,表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,wuld,culd,might,dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面:
含must的一般疑问句:
肯定回答仍用must,否定回答则用needn’t或dn’t have t,表示“不必”。一般不能用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”,语气很强。
如:
—Must I finish my hmewrk nw?
我必须现在完成作业吗?
—N, yu needn’t.
不,不必要。
may开头的一般疑问句:
肯定回答用may或can,否定回答用mustn’t。
如:
—May I smke here?
我可以在这里吸烟吗?
—N, yu mustn’t.
不,不可以。
表示可能性或推测时:
can多用于否定句或疑问句,cannt表示“不可能”;may多用于陈述句,may nt表示“可能不”;must只用于肯定句,表示“一定、准是”。
如:
Yu may be right r may nt be right.
你可能对也可能不对。
The news can’t be true.
这消息不可能是真的。
She must be angry.
她一定是生气了。
need用作情态动词:
主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句,表示“需要”,也可以作实义动词,后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must。
如:
Yu needn’t cme if yu are busy.
如果忙,你就不必来了。(情态动词)
—Need I cme tmrrw?
我明天需要来吗?
—N, yu needn’t. / Yes, yu must.
不,没必要。/ 是的,你必须来。(情态动词)
He needs t get sme sleep.
他需要睡一会。(实义动词)
have t的用法:
意思接近must,但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have t强调客观上的必要性,常译成“不得不”。have t可以用于多种时态,其疑问句、否定句都要借助动词d构成。
如:
D yu have t leave nw?
你现在必须走了吗?
Yu dn’t have t get up early.
你没有必要早起。
be able t的用法:
表示具体的能力,与can用法相近,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able t 可用更多的时态。was / were able t侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事,而culd只表示过去具备某种能力。
如:
The maths prblem was hard but I was able t wrk it ut.
这道数学题很难,但我做出来了。
5. 牛刀小试
1.(2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测)—I didn’t enjy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were t many peple at the party.
A.left utB.t leave utC.leaving utD.be left ut
2.(2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测)There _______ nly a bed and tw chairs in the big bedrm.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
3.(2022·云南昆明·模拟预测)—While watching Stephen Chw’s films, I am ften made ________ again and again.
—S am I. And laughing can make us _________ .
A.laugh; relaxedB.t laugh; relaxed
C.t laugh; t relaxD.laugh; relax
4.(2022·甘肃·平凉市第七中学二模)Either f my parents ________ a wrker.
A.isB.amC.beD.are
5.(2022·贵州贵阳·模拟预测)The number f patients ________ increasing in China, and with the develpment f Chinese medical technlgy, they ________ better in the future.
A.is, will cure
B.are, are cured
C.is, will be cured
D.are, will cure
6.(2022·重庆市石柱中学校二模)—The by lives a happy life, he is ften heard ________ again and again.
—Laughing can make us ________.
A.laugh; relaxedB.t laugh; relaxedC.t laugh; t relaxD.laugh; relax
7.(2022·安徽芜湖·二模)—I dn’t think yu can take phts here. Lk at that sign!
—Srry, I _________ it just nw.
A.nticeB.will nticeC.haven’t nticedD.didn’t ntice
8.(2022·天津红桥·模拟预测)Let’s ________ walking, and we’ll stp at nn fr ur picnic.
A.t startB.startC.startingD.started
9.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)The sup ________ a little salty, there is n need t add mre salt.
A.lksB.smellsC.sundsD.tastes
10.(2022·河北保定·二模)Yur advice ________ great. The teacher says she will think abut it.
A.tastesB.feelsC.smellsD.sunds
11.(2022·内蒙古·包头市第三十五中学三模)Dragn Bat Festival is ppular in China. Instead f saying “Happy Dragn Bat Festival”, peple shuld say, “Stay ________ and sund at Dragn Bat Festival”.
A.saferB.safelyC.mre safelyD.safe
12.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)In ur schl library, there _________ a number f bks n art. The number f the bks _________ still grwing larger and larger.
A.is; isB.are; isC.is; areD.are; are
13.(2022·贵州黔西·中考真题)Neither Saturday nr Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these tw days.
A.areB.isC.amD.be
14.(2022·上海闵行·二模)Ben, is yur mther cking meat in the kitchen? It smells s ________!
A.wellB.badlyC.prettyD.nice
15.(2022·上海静安·二模)The special effects make the film ________ wnderful.
A.seemB.seemsC.seemedD.t seem
16.(2022·内蒙古·呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模)Tm is ging there. Yu ________ g there.
A.needn’t tB.dn’t need tC.dn’t needD.need
17.(2022·江苏·九年级专题练习)The FIFA Wrld Cup ________ in Qatar in Nvember, 2022.
A.will be taken placeB.will take place
C.will happenD.will be happened
18.(2022·四川泸州·中考真题)—Paul, have yu tried this chicken? It’s a special in Luzhu and has been intrduced in the TV prgram A Bite f China.
—Yes, it ________ ht but delicius.
A.eatsB.lksC.tastesD.sees
19.(2022·天津和平·三模)Nwadays, Chinese ________ by mre and mre freigners. I’m really prud f it.
A.are spkenB.is spkenC.spkeD.has spken
20.(2022·江苏江苏·一模)I’ve been trying t phne Mm all evening, but I can’t seem t _________ .
A.get inB.get ffC.get thrughD.get alng
21.(2022·江苏江苏·一模)As cmmn sense, children’s develpment in scial activities, athletics and hbbies ________ just as imprtant as achievements in study.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
22.(2022·江苏扬州·一模)The price f vegetables ________ s quickly these days.
A.rushesB.addsC.risesD.raises
23.(2022·辽宁鞍山·一模)—Wh jumps ________, Tm r Beth?
—Beth ________.
A.farther ; isB.farther; desC.further; isD.further; des
24.(2022·山东济南·一模)Hell! I’m very glad t see yu again. When ________ yu ________ here?
A.did; arriveB.will; arriveC.have; arrivedD.are; arriving
25.(2022·江西·模拟预测)—________ yu ________ yur wrk, Tm?
—Srry, but I think I can finish it in tw hurs.
A.Did, finishB.Will, finishC.Are, finishD.Have, finished
26.(2021·重庆市育才中学二模)The spacecraft “Tianwen 1” successfully ________ Mars (火星) in February this year, and I really hpe that I can walk n that red planet ne day.
A.gtB.arrivedC.reachedD.saved
27.(2022·上海金山·一模)Jack tried his best t make his cmic strips ________ t life.
A.cmeB.cameC.cmingD.t cme
28.(2022·北京·一模)—A lng jurney can be cvered nly by taking ne step at a time.
—I agree. All small thing can ________ and becme big things.
A.add upB.set upC.shw upD.get up
29.(2022·江苏南京·一模)A few days ag, a directr perfrmed a break dance fr students t ________ sme f their pressures.
A.remindB.refuseC.requireD.reduce
30.(2021·辽宁抚顺·一模)We must ________ if we want t win the match tmrrw.
A.get tgetherB.pull tgetherC.get upD.give up
31.(2021·辽宁鞍山·一模)Chinese English learners ften start t talk abut tpics in English but_________ up in Chinese.
A.useB.endC.pickD.ends
32.(2021·辽宁鞍山·一模)—MADE IN CHINA is mre and mre ppular all ver the wrld.
—Yeah! Many cuntries can hardly avid ________ prducts made in China fr peple nw.
A.t prvideB.fferingC.t fferD.prviding
33.(2021·山东·模拟预测)—Hw did yu find the film yesterday evening?
—Just s s. It ________ pace.
A.lacked inB.lackedC.was lackingD.was lacked in
34.(2012·江苏徐州·中考真题)— Why nt ________ Jhn a ty car fr his birthday?
— Gd idea! He is crazy abut cars.
A.buyB.buyingC.t buyD.buys
35.(2020·湖北襄阳·一模)—It’s 12 years since Wenchuan had that terrible earthquake.
—Time flies! Nw great changes have _________ during the past 12 years.
A.happenedB.been happenedC.taken placeD.been taken place
36.(2020·山东济南·三模)The students ________/grəu/ trees in the park every year.
A.greenB.grwC.greatD.grup
37.(2022·全国·九年级专题练习)—Hw d yu like the pem ? —It’s a bit t lng, but anyway, it________well.
A.readsB.is readC.is readingD.has read
38.(2019·河南省实验中学三模)Never thers’ path,unless yu lst yur way in the frest.
A.fllwB.meetC.receiveD.discver
39.(2017·上海浦东新·二模)Rebecca was the first t ______ the airprt, nly t find she had left her luggage at hme.
A.reachB.arriveC.arrive inD.get
40.(2020·江苏无锡·模拟预测)-He seems terribly ill. I'm afraid we have t send him t hspital at nce.
- Maybe he’s just gt a bit f a cld, s I dn't think it ________________.
A.mindsB.wrksC.caresD.matters
41.(2019·山东济南·中考模拟)--- _______ yu ften g t schl by bike?
--- Yes, but smetimes I g by bus when it rains.
A.DB.WillC.HaveD.Are
42.(2010·湖北咸宁·中考真题)——D yu like watching TV? ——Yes, I ______. But nly after I finish my hmewrk.
A.amB.dC.desD.did
43.(2011·河北·中考真题)I spend much mre time playing basketball than I _______ fr my lessns.
A.spend t prepareB.d preparingC.d t prepareD.spend prepare
44.(2017·江苏·靖江外国语学校一模)— Mr Wu, must I finish this exercise tday?
— N, yu________. Yu can hand it in tmrrw afternn.
A.shuldn’tB.dn’t have tC.mustn’tD.can’t
45.(2018·全国·中考模拟)—He’s never been late fr schl.
—________________.
A.S have IB.S am IC.Neither have ID.Nr am I
46.(2017·山东济南·中考真题)Last night, I fund a pht in an ld bk. It made me ________ f my primary schl life.
A.thinkB.thinkingC.thughtD.t think
47.(2022·重庆·模拟预测)There is smething wrng with my DVD player. I’ll have it ________.
A.fixingB.t fixC.fixesD.fixed
48.(2021·江西省南丰县教育局教学研究室一模)—Smething seems t have gne wrng with the fridge.
—Dn’t wrry. I’ll get it ________ this afternn.
A.repairB.t repairC.repairingD.repaired
49.(2021·辽宁阜新·一模)The wrkers were made ________ 15 hurs a day in the past.
A.t wrkB.wrkC.wrkingD.wrked
50.(2021·上海普陀·二模)The kind dctr usually tells jkes t make his patients ________ better.
A.feelB.feltC.t feelD.feeling
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