2023届高考英语二轮复习考点15语法填空（A卷）作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习考点15语法填空（A卷）作业含答案，共14页。
2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一 考点15 语法填空（A卷）
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    When we're young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled ①______(country) in the world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
    But here's the thing about courage: It doesn't just appear whenever we need it. It's the result of tough ②______ (consider) and real work, involving the balance ③______ fear and bravery. Without fear, we'll do foolish things. And without courage, we'll never step into ④______ unknown. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and it's a balance we all deal with every day...
    I ⑤______ (diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was frightening news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. But what was ⑥______ (extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me ⑦______ (limit) my ambitions and dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world.
    Life is already ⑧______ (scare), so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave. In facing my fears and ⑨______ (find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know ​⑩______ it might lead you in the life journey.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Tianshan Tuomuer Grand Canyon is about 25 kilometers long from east to west and 20 kilometers wide from north to south. It consists of three main ①_____(valley)in the shape of the Chinese character "川".②_____(locate)in the northwest of Xinjang at the foot of Tuomur Peak, it is also known ③_____ "Kuduluk Grand Canyon", ④_____ means "hilling and mysterious "in Uygur(维吾尔语). It is the only way to the ancient post road in the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains.
On June 21, 2013, the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang ⑤_____ (list) as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. The area in which the Tuomur Grand Canyon lies is the ⑥_____ (large) among the four places in the Tianshan Mountains, ⑦_____ (account) for 59. 87 percent of the whole site.
With its red canyons set against the snow-capped mountains in the distance, the dreamlike landscape ⑧_____ (complete)makes visitors lost in the beautiful and impressive view of nature. At night, you can see the stars. Remember that the temperature difference there is very large. While wearing short sleeves at noon, evenings may require ⑨_____ down jacket and other warm clothes. There is no tour bus service, but visitors can drive to the canyon by ⑩_____ (they) or hire a bus Apart from it, Xinjiang is in possession of many appealing tourist spots, attracting a good number of visitors at home and abroad.
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you'll notice small stands ① ______ some crispy and delicious nang is sold. The reason ②______ this traditional flatbread happening to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport.
While round and ③______ (primary)made of flour, nang can vary in different ways. For example, consider size. The largest nang, ④______ (refer)to as "emanke",is as big as the wheel of a car and weighs 2 kilograms. Cooking techniques have evolved(演变)for this traditional food in Xinjiang, with more people ⑤______ (bake)the bread in environmentally-friendly ovens now.
The Xinjiang nang industry is part of what has played ⑥______ key role in poverty reduction too, aiming to create a more innovative and ⑦______ (power) mode of industrial development. Nang cultural industrial parks ⑧______ (build) recently in many cities. Among them, the Aksu Park stands out as a unique example of the ⑨______ (cooperate) of production, sales and tourism. The park uses social media, online and offline stores, and also live streaming to promote ⑩______ (it),expanding the business across and outside China.
4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2019 was 485,000 yuan for a first child, ①______ is far more than ②______ in the United States and Japan. The high cost of child-raising is one more ③______ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while ④______ (deal) with rapidly decreasing birth rates. Experts warn China's aging population will put pressure ⑤______ its health and social security systems. A decrease in workers could also ⑥______ (severe) limit growth for the world's second-largest economy in the coming years.
New ⑦______ (policy) permit families to have as many as three children. But China's birth rate dropped to 7.52 births per 1,000 people in 2021. That is the ⑧______ (low) since the National Bureau of Statistics began recording the information in 1949. The high costs of raising a child ⑨______ (cause) officials in China to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years. Some areas have been giving couples money for having ⑩______ second or third child.
5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
​    People who drink a lot of sugary drinks have a high risk of developing cancer, researchers announced last week. ①_______, the evidence cannot confirm a direct connection ②_______ the two. The researchers said the findings suggest that ③_______ (limit) the amount of sugar-sweetened drinks may help ④_______ (significant)reduce the number of cancer cases. Drinking sugary drinks ⑤_______ (become) more common worldwide in the last several decades, Sugar drinks are linked to obesity, the condition of being overweight ⑥_______ increases a person's cancer risk .
    The study ⑦_______ (publish)in The BMJ British medical journal looked at data from just over 100,000 French adults. The researchers noted how many sugary drinks each of them had, and followed them for up to nine years. The researchers evaluated the ⑧_______ (possible)of all types of cancer.
    The scientists found that a 100-milliliter increase in sugary drinks ⑨_______ (link)to an 18 percent increased risk of overall cancer and a 22 percent increased risk of breast cancer. The researchers looked at those who drank fruity juices and other sweet drinks. They all showed a ⑩_______ (high) risk of cancer overall than those who didn't.
6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    China already possesses the world's ①______(large) high-speed railway network, and it will only become more ②______ (ambition), according to the country's new Five-Year Plan. But it's not just the railroads that are extending. China may also get a major boost ③______ the speed of its bullet trains. A maglev train recently launched at Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, Sichuan Province ④______ (aim) to set a new speed record for trains. The current record of 603 kilometers per hour ⑤______ (hold) by Japan's SCMaglev. China's answer to it is 620.
    This maglev train displays ⑥______ is known as "high-temperature superconductive "  technology, or HTS. It takes advantage of two unique ⑦______ (property) of high-temperature superconductors: the "Meissner effect" which allows a superconductor to completely resist the magnetic fields around it, and "flux pinning(能量锁住)," which keeps the superconductor steady above ⑧______ (it) magnetic tracks, so it never falls off.
    Professor Jin Zhaohui, at the university's Design Institute, said that they could push the train's speed limit even further to possibly 1, 500 kilometers per hour in special tubes or tunnels. But for now, ⑨______ key is to put its ​⑩______ (design) 620-kilometers-per-hour top speed to the test, and Jin and Deng have their teams working together to build a 40-kilometer-long test track outside Chengdu.
7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Countless visitors to the Forbidden City are quickly attracted by its architectural splendor. Covering some 720, 000 square meters and ①_______(official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home ②_______ royal families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden ③_______ (roof).
    In 2020, when the 600th anniversary of the venue's ④_______ (complete)was marked with an exhibition, an archaeological project ⑤_______ (launch) in October in the western part of the palace compound. The work has been relatively low profile, but discoveries may reveal that the Forbidden City was once even more magnificent ⑥_______ it is today.
    ⑦_______ (stand)in front of the archaeological site, visitors can easily form a picture of one of the palaces in the compound based on the bricks and stones. Archaeologists have unearthed four square underground foundations made from bricks in the early Ming Dynasty. The foundations were used ⑧_______ (support)columns.
    Wu Wei, an archaeologist working at the site, said the 1.6-m-high foundations are about 4.4 meters wide, making them the biggest column footings ⑨_______ (find) in archaeological excavations(挖掘)in China. If a foundation is so huge, just imagine ⑩_______ grand and tall the column above would be. They may uncover a splendid construction from the early Ming Dynasty that was much bigger than the existing ones in the Forbidden City.
8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Detecting strong X-ray flares beaming from the center of a black hole is nothing new. But detecting light signals from behind one is a different story. That's ①_____ the force of gravity in a black hole is so severe that nothing that goes in can come out. No scientist has managed ②_____(find)light from beyond until now.
In contrast ③_____ what their name implies, supermassive(特大质量的)black holes can be one of the brightest sources of continuous light in the universe. Their ④_____(extremely)gravity brings in all kinds of material around them. Little is known about supermassive black hole coronas, so scientists turned to black hole I Zwicky 1, ⑤_____ lies 100 million light years from Earth, to investigate the beams shooting out.
Scientists ⑥_____(detect)smaller X-ray "echoes" around the supermassive black hole, in addition to the expected flares. The obvious light characteristics of these pulsing beams indicated that they were the same X-ray flares, but reflected from the back side, ⑦_____(mean)the supermassive black hole's gravity must have actually abnormal space-time, thus bending the beams around in a detectable direction by specialized telescopes. The ⑧_____(finding), published in Nature, support a key ⑨_____(predict)from Einstein's theory of general relativity.
This is the ⑩_____(one)research to confirm what the famous physicist predicted more than half a century ago.




答案以及解析
1.答案：1. countries2. consideration/considerations3. between4. the5. was diagnosed6. extremely7. to limit8. scary9. finding10. where
解析：
这是-篇议论文,作者通过自身的事例说明生活要有勇气,直面生活中的恐惧并找到战胜恐惧的勇气,生活会十分精彩。
[小题1]考查名词复数。句意:我从很小的时候,就梦想在世界上某些最困难的国家里为联合国工作。country是可数名词,结合空前的some可知,此处应用复数形式。故填countries。
[小题2]考查名词。句意:它是坚韧不移的深思和脚踏实地的努力的结果,需要恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。空处应填名词作宾语,consideration"仔细考虑,深思"用作可数或不可数名词均可。故填consideration(s)。
[小题3]考查介词。句意:它是坚韧不移的深思和脚踏实地的努力的结果,需要恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语between.. and...意为".... .....之间"。故填between。
[小题4]考查定冠词。句意:没有勇气,我们永远无法踏入未知的世界。"the +形容词"表-类人或事物,the unknown表示"未知的世界"。故填the。
[小题5]考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:三年前,我被诊断出患有一种叫做HIBM的疾病, 它影响了我从头到脚的所有肌肉。根据时间状语three years ago可知,句子是讲述过去发生的事情,且主语1和动词diagnose之间是被动关系, 应用-般过去时的被动语态,be diagnosed with .. .被诊断患有某疾病,主语是I, be动词用was。 故填was diagnosed.[小题6]考查副词。句意:但最令人沮丧的是,我听到别人建议我要抑制自己的野心和梦想。修饰形容词化的分词disheartening应用副词形式。故填extremely。
[小题7]考查动词不定式。句意:但最令人沮丧的是,我听到别人建议我要抑制自己的野心和梦想。advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事,固定短语。故填to limit.
[小题8]考查形容词。句意:生活已经很可怕了,所以为了实现我们的梦想,我们需要勇敢。空处应用形容词作表语,scary可怕的, 恐怖的。故填scary。
[小题9]考查动名词。句意:通过直面我的恐惧并找到克服它们的勇气,我可以发誓,我的人生非常精彩。空处和facing并列, 应用动名词形式作介词In的宾语。故填finding。
[小题10]考查宾语从句。句意:你永远不知道在人生的旅途中它会把你带向何处。空处引导宾语从句,从句结构完整,结合句意可知,此处表示带向何处",用连接副词where引导。故填where。
2.答案：①valleys②Located ③ as ④which ⑤was listed ⑥largest ⑦accounting ⑧completely ⑨a ⑩ themselves
解析： ①考查可数名词的复数。句意：它由"川"字形状的三个主要山谷组成。前面有大于一的数字，所以用复数名词。故填valleys。
②考查过去分词。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。locate和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Located.
③考查介词。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。be known as被称之为，为固定搭配。故填as。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which.
⑤考查时态语态。句意：2013年6月21日，新疆天山被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产。根据时间状语On June 21, 2013，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，list和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang。故填was listed。
⑥考查形容词最高级。句意：托木尔大峡谷位于天山四大景区中面积最大，占整个景区的59.87%。前面有定冠词，表示"最大的"，所以用形容词最高级。故填largest。
⑦考查现在分词。句意：托木尔大峡谷位于天山四大景区中面积最大，占整个景区的59.87%。account for和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词补充说明。故填accounting。
⑧考查副词。句意：红色的峡谷映衬着远处白雪皑皑的山脉，梦幻般的风景完全让游客迷失在美丽而令人印象深刻的自然景色中。修饰动词，所以用副词。故填completely。
⑨考查冠词。句意：中午穿短袖，晚上可能需要一件羽绒服和其他保暖的衣服。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词。故填a。
⑩考查反身代词。句意：没有旅游巴士服务，但游客可以自己开车去大峡谷或租用巴士。指主语visitors，所以用反身代词themselves, by oneself单独。故填themselves。
3.答案：1. where2. why3. primarily4. referred5. baking6. a7. powerful8. has been built9. cooperation10. itself
解析：
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新疆特色食品攮和及产业化发展现状。
【小题1】考查定语从句。句意:在新疆,无论你走到哪里,无论是在天山的北边还是南边,你都会看到一些卖酥脆可口的馕的小摊。分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词sads,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示"在这些小摊上",应使用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。
【小题2】考查定语从句。句意:这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里的少数民族中流行,是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词reason, the reason for,表示"由于这个原因"。故填for。
【小题3】考查副词。句意:虽然馕是圆的,主要由面粉制成,但也不尽相同。根据句意可知,提示词修饰动词短语made of,应用副词primarily,意为主要"。故填primarily。
【小题4】考查非谓语动词。句意:最大的馕,被称为emanke,和新疆的传统食物一样大,现在越来越多的人用环保的烤箱烤。分析句子可知,refer作后置定语修饰名词nang,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语nang之间是被动关系,表示被称为",所以应用过去分词表示被动。故填referred。
【小题5】考查非谓语动词。句意:最大的馕,被称为emanke,和新疆的传统食物一样大,现在越来越多的人用环保的烤箱烤。"with more people _5_(bake) the bread in environmentally-friendly ovens now"是with复合结构,提示词在句中作宾语补足语,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,应用现去分词表示主动。故填baking。
【小题6】考查冠词。句意:新疆的馕产业也在减贫中发挥了关键作用,旨在创造一个更具创新性和更强大的产业发展氛围。play a role in为固定短语,意为"在.…起作用",又因空格后key音标中的第一个单节是辅音音素/k/,所以应使用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
【小题7】考查形容词。句意:新疆的攮产业也在减贫中发挥了关键作用,旨在创造一个更具创新性和更强大的产业发展氛围。根据句意,提示词作定语修饰名词mood,应用形容词powerful,。意为强大的'。故填powerful。
【小题8】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:最近,许多城市都建起了馕文化产业园。分析句子可知,bud是句中谓语动词,与主语Nang cultural industrial parks.之间是被动关系,结合时间状语recently,应使用现在完成时态,又因主语是复数名词,所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上,谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态,复数形式。故填have been built。
【小题9】考查名词。句意:其中,阿克苏公园是生产、销售和旅游合作的独特典范。根据句意和空格前定冠词the可知,应使用名词cooperation作宾语,意为"合作",抽象名词不可数。故填cooperation。
【小题10】考查代词。句意:该园区利用社交媒体、线上和线下商店,以及直播来推广其产品,将业务扩展到中国各地和海外。根据句意可知,提示词作定语修饰名词products,应用形容词性物主代词its,意为它的"。故填its。
4.答案：①which②that③difficulty④dealing⑤on⑥severely⑦policies⑧lowest⑨have caused⑩a
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：一项新的研究表明，2019年中国抚养第一个孩子到18岁的平均费用为48.5万元人民币，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知。_____ is far more than _______ in the United States and Japan是非限制性定语从句, 先行词是485,000 yuan，在从句中做主语，指物，用关系代词which。故填which。
②考查代词。句意：见第①题详解。此处考查代词that，指代上文特指的同类事物the average cost。表示"那"的意思。故填that。
③考查名词。句意：养育孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在面临解决出生率迅速下降问题的同时的又一个困难。分析句子结构可知，空格前面有one more修饰，所以这里需要可数名词单数形式做表语，表示"困难的事情"的意思。故填difficulty。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：见第③题详解。分析句子结构可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句省略句，从句主语Chinese policymakers与从句谓语动词deal是主动关系，从句谓语用be doing形式，从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词，所以用现在分词形式表示主动。故填dealing。
⑤考查固定搭配。句意：专家警告说，中国的老龄化人口将给中国的健康和社会保障体系带来压力。固定搭配put pressure on...表示"把压力放在……上"的意思。故填on。
⑥考查副词。句意：工人数量的减少也会严重限制这个世界第二大经济体未来几年的增长。本句话需要副词severely作状语修饰动词limit. 故填severely。
⑦考查名词复数。句意：新的政策允许一个家庭最多有3个孩子。policy是可数名词，前面没有限定词修饰，结合谓语permit是复数形式，所以主语要用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填policies。
⑧考查最高级。句意：这是自从1949年国家统计局开始记录这些信息以来的最低水平。low兼具名词和形容词词性，前面有the修饰，所以要用形容词low的最高级形式，the lowest做表语，表示"最低水平"，相当于名词。故填lowest。
⑨考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，抚养一个孩子的高昂费用已经导致中国官员对私人家教行业进行了限制。句子有时间状语in the last few years,所以谓语要用现在完成时。主语是costs,所以助动词用复数have.故填have caused。
⑩考查冠词。句意：一些地区还给夫妻钱来再养第二或第三个孩子。分析句子意思可知，序数词前用不定冠词，表示"再一，又一"的意思。故填a。
5.答案：1. However2. between3. limiting4. significantly5. has become6. which/that7. published
8. possibility/possibilities9. was linked10. higher
解析：
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究发现含糖饮料与癌症可能有关联。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:然而,证据无法证实两者之间的直接联系。分析句子结构可知,此空用副词。上句提到研究发现喝大量含糖饮料的人患癌症的风险很高,结合此句句意,可知两句话之间是转折关系,表示转折,放在句首,且有逗号隔开。故填However。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:参见上题。固定搭配connection between A and B"A和B之间的联系",此句表示两者之间的联系。故填between。
【小题3】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员说,研究结果表明,限制含糖饮料的数量可能有助于显著减少癌症病例。分析句子结构可知,此空用动词的适当形式做主语,且表示的是一种事实,所以用动名词形式。故填limiting。
【小题4】考查副词。句意:参见上题。此空用副词修饰动词reduce。故填significantly。
【小题5】考查时态。句意:在过去的几十年里,喝含糖饮料在世界范围内变得越来越普遍。此空是动词做谓语,根据时间状语in the last several decades,可知此处用现在完成时态,主语是动名词drinking,是第三人称单数。故填has become。
【小题6】考查定语从句。句意:糖类饮料与肥胖有关,肥胖是一种增加人患癌症风险的超重状态。分析句子结构和句意可知,此空引导定语从句,先行词是the condition,指物,在从句中充当主语,所以可以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:这项发表在英国医学杂志BMJ上的研究调查了超10万名法国成年人的数据。分析句子结构可知,此句已有谓语动词looked,此空应用非谓语动词。结合句意,此空是the study"研究"的定语,且研究是"被发表",所以此空用过去分词。故填published。
【小题8】考查名词。句意:研究人员评估了所有类型癌症的可能性。此空前有定冠词the,此空应用名词作动词evaluated的宾语。名词possibility表示抽象的"可能"时,是不可数名词,所以此处用possibility;表示具体的"可能性;可能发生的事",是可数名词,结合空后定语"所有的癌症类型",表示的复数含义,对应的是复数的"可能性",所以用possibility的复数possibilities。故填possibility/ possibilities。
【小题9】考查时态和固定搭配。句意:科学家们发现,含糖饮料增加100毫升,患癌症的风险增加18%,患乳腺癌的风险增加22%。此空是动词做谓语,根据句意,描述的是过去的研究结果,应用一般过去时。再根据固定搭配be linked to"和……有关",主语是第三人称单数a 100-milliliter increase。故填was linked。
【小题10】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们都显示出比那些不喝含糖饮料的人患癌症的风险更高。此空用形容词作名词risk的定语,再根据此句中than,可知此处用形容词的比较级。故填higher。
6.答案：1. largest2. ambitious3. in4. aims5. is held6. what7. properties8. its9. the10. designed
解析：
这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了中国正在研制的高速磁悬浮列车。
【小题1】考查形容词最高级。句意:中国已经拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网,根据中国新的五年规划,它只会变得更加雄心勃勃。根据句意及空前的the world's"可知,此处指"世界上最大的高速铁路网',应用形容词最高级。故填largest。
【小题2】考查形容词。句意:中国已经拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网,根据中国新的五年规划,它只会变得更加雄心勃勃。become在句中用作连系动词,空处应用形容词作表语。ambitious有野心的,雄心勃勃的。故填ambitious。
【小题3】考查介词。句意:中国的子弹头列车的速度可能他会大幅提高。a boost in.在……方面的提高,固定搭配。故填in。
【小题4】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:近日,四川成都西南交通大学推出了一款磁悬浮列车,旨在创造新的列车速度纪录。空处是谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处是描述一个一般性事实,应用一般现在时,主语A maglev train是名词单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填aims。
【小题5】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:目前的纪录是每小时603公里,由日本的SCMaglev保持。结合句意可知,句子是描述事实,应用一般现在时,主语The current record和动词hold(保持)之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是名词单数,be动词用is。故填tis held。
【小题6】考查宾语从句。句意:这种磁悬浮列车展示了所谓的"高温超导"技术,或称HTS。空处引导一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,表示"被称作高温超导技术的东西",应用what引导。故填what。
【小题7】考查名词复数。句意:它利用了高温超导体的两种独特特性。property(特征)是可数名词,由two可知应用复数形式。故填properties.
【小题8】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:"迈斯纳效应"可以让超导体完全抵抗周围的磁场,"能量锁住可以让超导体在磁迹上方保持稳定,所以它永远不会脱落。空处修饰名词tracks,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【小题9】考查定冠词。句意:但就目前而言,关键是将其设计的620公里每小时的最高速度投入测试,金和邓让他们的团队合作在成都以外修建一条40公里长的测试跑道。key意为"关键',前面应加定冠词表示特指。故填the。
【小题10】考查过去分词。句意:但就目前而言,关键是将其设计的620公里每小时的最高速度投入测试,金和邓让他们的团队合作在成都以外修建一条40公里长的测试跑道。动词design(设计)和speed之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,表示"被设计的620公里每小时的最高速度"。故填designed。
7.答案：1. officially2. to3. roofs4. completion5. was launched6. than7. Standing8. to support9. found10. how
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物馆的情况,介绍了其历史以及建筑特点。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:它占地约7000平方米,正式名称为故宫博物院,是明清两代皇室的家。修饰known/应用副词officially,作状语。故填officially。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:它占地约7000平方米,正式名称为故宫博物院,是明清两代皇室的家。结合句意表示"是。的家"短语为be home to。故填to。
【小题3】考查名词的数。句意:在它的红墙后面和金色的屋顶下有许多传说和故事。roof为可数名词,此处表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填roof。
【小题4】考查名词。句意:2020年,在故宫建成600周年之际,故宫举办了一场展览,并于10月在故宫西段启动了一项考古项目。作宾语,表示"完成"应用名词completion,不可数。故填completion。
【小题5】考查时态语态。句意:2020年,在故宫建成600周年之际,故宫举了一场展览,并于10月在故宫西段启动了一项考古项目。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文In 2020可知用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为project,谓语用单数。故填was launched。
【小题6】考查比较级。句意:这项工作一直相对低调,但发现可能揭示出紫禁城曾经比今天更宏伟。根据上文even more magnificent可知表示比.."应用than。故填than。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:站在考古遗址前,游客可以很容易地根据这些砖块和石头形成一个宫殿的画面。分析句子结构可知stand在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语visitors构成柱动关系,故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Standing。
【小题8】考查非谓语动词。句意:地基是用来支撑柱子的。结合句意表示"被用来做某事可知短语为be used to do sth。故填to support。
【小题9】考查非谓语动词。句意:在该遗址工作的考古学家吴伟表示,1.6米高的地基约4.4米宽,使它们成为中国考古发掘中发现的最大的柱状地基。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构,the biggest column footings与find构成被动关系,故用过去分词。故填found。
【小题10】考查宾语从句。句意:如果一个地基这么大,想象一下上面的柱子会有多雄伟多高。宾语从句为感叹句,感叹形容词grand and tall应用how。故填how。
8.答案：①because②to find③to④extreme⑤which⑥detected⑦meaning⑧findings⑨prediction⑩first
解析：①考查表语从句。句意：这是因为黑洞中的引力是如此之大，以至于任何进入黑洞的东西都不可能出来。根据后文"the force of gravity in a blackhole is so severe that nothing that goes in can come out"内容，可知是表原因，此处用用because引导表语从句。故填because。
②考查不定式。句意：到目前为止，还没有一位科学家能从远处找到光。固定短语manage to do sth.意为"设法做某事"。故填to find。
③考查介词。句意：与他们的名字所暗示对比，超大质量的黑洞可能是宇宙中最明亮的连续光源之一。固定短语in contrast to"与……对比"。故填to。
④考查形容词。句意：它们极端的重力会把各种各样的物质带到周围。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词gravity，用形容词形式extreme,作前置定语。故填extreme。
⑤考查非限制性定语从句。句意：人们对超大质量黑洞日冕知之甚少，因此科学家们转向距离地球1亿光年的黑洞I Zwicky 1号来研究射出的光束。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词blackhole I Zwicky 1在从句lies 100 million light years from Earth作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
⑥考查动词时态。句意：除了预期的耀斑外，科学家还发现了超大质量黑洞周围较小的X射线"回声"。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合下文动词indicated可知，用一般过去时，detected发现。故填detected。
⑦考查现在分词。句意：这些脉冲光束的明显光特性表明它们是相同的X射线耀斑，但从背面反射，这意味着超大质量黑洞的引力实际上一定具有异常时空，从而使光束在专业望远镜可检测的方向上弯曲。分析句子结构，可知此处用非谓语动词，结合mean和前面句子构成主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故填meaning。
⑧考查名词复数。句意：这些发现发表在《自然》杂志上，支持爱因斯坦广义相对论的一个关键预测。根据谓语动词support的形式可知，此处主语应该用名词复数形式，findings"发现"。故填findings。
⑨考查名词。句意：这些发现发表在《自然》杂志上，支持爱因斯坦广义相对论的一个关键预测。根据空格前的冠词和形容词可知，此处应该用名词，prediction"预测"，符合题意。故填prediction。
⑩考查序数词。句意：这是第一项证实这位著名物理学家半个多世纪前预言的研究。空格前有定冠词，此处表示"第一个"，应用序数词。故填first。