2023届高考英语二轮复习考点15语法填空（B卷）作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习考点15语法填空（B卷）作业含答案，共13页。
2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一 考点15 语法填空（B卷）
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water. For safety, it ①_______(recommend) that ice fishermen should go out with 4 inches of good ice for walking. And walking on ②_______ (thin) ice than this can be dangerous sometimes.
    There are two things common to all ice fishermen: patience and ③_______ (resist) to cold weather. Ice fishers may fish in the open or in shelters ④_______ there may be chairs, a heater and a television. However, even in shelters, ice fishing is surely not ⑤_______ comfortable sport when you're fishing in ⑥_______ (terrible) freezing temperatures. When most fishermen have their fishing equipment ⑦_______ (store) in the basement for the winter, ice fishermen pull out their equipment for an adventure.
    Ice fishing ⑧_______ (change)a lot over the years. Though it's a fun time for ice fishermen to sit on a chair and wait for the fish to swim by, modern ice fishermen move around the lake quite a bit ⑨_______ search of the catch. Some ice fishermen have been known to drill over 100 holes per day, ⑩_______ (attempt) to locate the fish.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With Eileen Gu ①_____ (win) the gold medal in the women's freestyle skiing big air competition at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, one of the ②_____ (factor) that has drawn ③_____ (globe) attention is her education. Apart from skiing, the 18-year -old athlete has a successful career in modeling and ④_____ (gain) admission to Stanford in December, 2021.
Now, many parents in China owe Eileen Gu's success ⑤_____ her mom. But parents trying to turn their children into another Eileen Gu may be disappointed to find the cut-and-paste function does not work in real life. We should acknowledge that economic status plays ⑥_____ important role in a person's development. Sports take a lot ⑦_____ (much) than a pen and some paper. Young athletes take private lessons, buy equipment, and pay entry fees to compete in tournaments. All add up and become costly. Yet all of these are nothing ⑧_____ (compare) with skiing. Eileen was fortunate to have all the stars in the direction of her success. For many Chinese parents, ⑨_____they often fail to realize is that financial, academic and social resources ⑩_____ (need) to ensure their children achieve success.
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With five thousand years of creative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular.
Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the "kingdom of cuisine. " The endless variety of natural materials ①______ methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world, which may account for the ②______(universe) popularity of Chinese restaurants and cooking overseas. The three key elements, by ③______ Chinese cooking is judged, are known as "color, aroma and taste. "They are achieved by combining a series of delicate ④______(activity). Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of eight people ⑤______(consist)of cold and hot dishes, with soup and steamed rice. Often beer and wine ⑥______(serve)as well. When toasting each other, people usually dry up their glasses ⑦______(convey)the message that they are sincere and joyful. ⑧______, it is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a little instead of emptying the glass.
While the custom strikes a foreign visitor as ⑨______(particular) strange, it shows one key aspect that fine food and good drink, ⑩______ (take) in the company of good friends, make up one of our supreme pleasures in life.
4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The "Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics Night" gala was held on Monday in Rome. Over a hundred guests from Italian political, cultural, and business circles ①______ (attend) the event, including Riccardo Sessa, ②______ served as Italian ambassador to China during the Beijing Olympics, and Patrizia Prestipino, representative of the Sports Commission of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.
Sessa said in his speech in 2008 he personally witnessed the grand occasion of China hosting the Olympic Games and he ③______ (touch) by the Chinese people's concerted efforts. Athletes from all over the world have also achieved great success in Beijing, he added, ④______ (say) the Olympic spirit is not only international friendship, brotherhood and sisterhood, ⑤______it is a competition and breakthrough as well. This ancient Olympic spirit, he said, will be passed on in Beijing.
"Today we are gathered here to support the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. I firmly believe that ⑥______ (it) opening ceremony and the entire Games will be as beautiful and ⑦______ (success) as the 2008 Summer Olympics," Sessa said.
A guzheng instrumental performance, tea art ceremony and other ⑧______ (event) staged at the gala were ⑨______ (warm) welcomed by the Italian guests. The Beijing 2022 venues and Beijing scenery were demonstrated through videos.
The gala was jointly organized by the Italian China in Italia magazine and the China Tourist Office ⑩______ Rome.
5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To solve the problem of scanning codes for residents ①______ smart phones, especially the elderly, the government of the Meilisi Daur district of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang province has worked with local public security departments ②______ (promote) the "reverse scanning (反向扫码)".
A card with a personalized QR code ③______ (show) before residents enter a facility and staff from the facility should scan the code with ④______ application.
"In the past, I often felt embarrassed when I visited a public place because I didn't own a smart phone and I didn't know how to scan codes, either," said Gao Changyong, 73, a ⑤______ (retire) worker. "I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ⑥______ (convenience) than scanning codes."
"Sometimes we had to queue up outside, which was insufferable, especially in the ⑦______ (extreme) cold winter," he said. "Therefore, daily ⑧______ (supply) were sent to me by my children so I could avoid going out."
"When the community worker told me the new method, I was really happy and immediately ⑨______ (submit) my application," he said. "I received the card just a few days later, ⑩______that made my life more efficient."
6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Besides oceans, glacier ice is the largest source of water on earth. A glacier is a sheet of ice that moves ①_______(it) under the influence of gravity. Some glaciers travel down mountains or valleys, ②_______ others spread across a large expanse of land. ③_______ (heavy) glaciated regions such as Greenland and Antarctica are called continental glaciers. These two ice sheets account ④_______ more than 95 percent of the earth's glacial ice. The Greenland ice is so heavy that much of the region ⑤_______ (press) below sea level so far. Smaller glaciers that occur at higher altitudes are called valley or alpine glaciers (山岳冰川). Another way of ⑥_______ (classify) glaciers is in terms of their internal temperature. In temperate glaciers, the ice within the glacier is near its melting point.
    The ⑦_______ (major) of the earth's glaciers are located near the poles, though glaciers exist on all continents, including Africa and Oceania. Glaciers ⑧_______ (form) in high alpine regions generally result from cold temperatures throughout the year. The weight and pressure of ice accumulation causes glacier movement. As a glacier moves, it carves out ⑨_______ U-shaped valley similar to a riverbed, but with much steeper walls and a ​⑩_______ (flat)bottom.
7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Friendship is one of life's greatest gifts, and it ①_____(value) in both Eastern and Western cultures. One of the most famous sayings about friendship in China can be found in the words of Confucius: "Isn't it ②_____ joy when friends visit from faraway places?"
    In the U.K., there is an ③_____(equal) famous poem about friendship. It reminds people ④_____(remember) and value old friendships, as they look to the years ahead. That poem is Auld Lang Syne.
    "Auld Lang Syne" is Scots and translates word for word as "old long since", ⑤_____(mean) "days gone by". The poem was written by the great Scottish poet Robert Burns. It was printed in 1796, just after Burns's death. And over the years it has become the song that is so familiar ⑥_____ us today.
    ⑦_____(joy) but at the same time a bit sad, Auld Lang Syne has featured in many films, including Waterloo Bridge, the film ⑧_____ made the song widely known to Chinese audience.
    Today, Auld Lang Syne has been translated into many different languages, and is one of the world's best-loved songs. It's played at parties, ⑨_____(celebration), festivals, and even at some shopping centers at closing time. Whatever language or occasion, it has become a symbol of friendship and ⑩_____(share) experience—whether we can sing it or not.
8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
   Earlier this year, China launched a three-person crew for a six-month mission aboard its space station. The mission aimed to set ①_______ new record for the length of time ②_______ (spend) in space by Chinese astronauts. The Shenzhou-13 spaceship ③_______ (carry) the three astronauts was launched by a Long March- 2 F rocket at 12:25 a.m. on Oct.16th.
    The new crew ④_______ (include) two veterans of space travel: Zhai Zhigang and Wang Yaping, the only woman on the mission, and Ye Guangfu, ⑤_______ made his first trip to space. Their scheduled ⑥_______ (activity) mainly consisted of up to three spacewalks to install equipment in preparation ⑦_______ expanding the station, assessing living conditions in the module and conducting experiments in space medicine and other fields.
    China's space program plans to send multiple crews to the station over the next few years to make it ⑧_______ (full) functional.Shenzhou-13 was the fifth mission to the station, including trips without crews ⑨_______ (deliver)supplies.
    The same day China renewed its ⑩_______ (commit)to cooperation with other nations in the peaceful use of space.




答案以及解析
1.答案：1. is recommended2. thinner3. resistance4. where5. a6. terribly7. stored8. has changed9. in10. attempting
解析：
这是一篇说明文。冰钓指在结冰的水体上,通过冰面上的开口捕鱼。为了安全,建议冰钓者外出时在4英寸厚的冰上行走,在比这更薄的冰面上行走有时会很危险。文章主要介绍了冰上捕鱼的特点和这些年所发生的一些变化。
【1题详解】考查固定句型。句意:为了安全,建议冰钓者外出时在4英寸厚的冰上行走。此处为固定句型it is recommended that., it作形式主语。故填is recommended。
【2题详解】考查比较级。句意:在比这更薄的冰面上行走有时会很危险。根据后文than this可知thin应用比较级形式。故填thinner.
【3题详解】考查名词。句意:所有冰上捕鱼者都有两件事:耐心和对寒冷天气的抵抗力。根据上文patience and可知应用名词,表示"抵抗力"应用resistance,表抽象概念,不可数。故填resistance。
【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意:冰钓者可以在露天或有椅子、暖气和电视的庇护所钓鱼。此处为定语从句修饰先行词shelters,先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【5题详解】考查冠词。句意:然而,即使是在庇护所里,当你在极冷的温度下钓鱼时,冰上钓鱼肯定不是一项舒适的运动。spot为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且comfortable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填a。
【6题详解】考查副词。句意:然而,即使是在庇护所里,当你在极冷的温度下钓鱼时,冰上钓鱼肯定不是一项舒适的运动。修饰后文形容词freezing应用副词terribly,作状语。故填terribly。
【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当大多数渔民把他们的钓鱼设备储存在地下室过冬时,冰钓渔民拿出他们的设备来冒险。此处为"have+宾语+宾补"结构,store与fishing equipment构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填stored。
【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意:这些年来,冰上捕鱼已经发生了很大的变化。根据后文over the years可知应用现在完成时,主语为Ice fishing,助动词用has。故填has changed。
【9题详解】考查介词。句意:虽然对冰渔夫来说,坐在椅子上等待鱼儿游过是一件很有趣的事情,但现代的冰渔夫经常会在湖上四处走动,寻找猎物。结合句意表示"寻找"可知短语为in search of。故填in。
【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据悉,一些冰上渔民每天钻100多个洞,试图找到鱼的位置。分析句子结构可知attempt在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语fishermen构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填attempting。
2.答案：①winning②factors③global④gained⑤to⑥an⑦more⑧compared⑨what⑩needed
解析：①考查现在分词。句意：随着谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中大比武中获得金牌，引起全球关注的因素之一是她的教育。分析句子可知，此处考查"with+宾语+宾语补足语"复合结构，Eileen Gu与win之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语，解释说明宾语。故填winning。
②考查可数名词的复数。句意：随着谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中大比武中获得金牌，引起全球关注的因素之一是她的教育。one of后跟可数名词的复数形式，factors是factor的复数形式。故填factors。
③考查形容词。句意：随着谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中大比武中获得金牌，引起全球关注的因素之一是她的教育。分析句子可知此处是填形容词做定语修饰名词attention，global是形容词"全球的"。故填global。
④考查时态。句意：这位18岁的运动员在模特生涯中取得了成功，并于2021年12月获得了斯坦福大学的录取通知书。根据时间状语"in December, 2021"可知本句应该用过去时。故填gained。
⑤考查固定短语。句意：现在，中国的许多父母把谷爱凌的成功归功于她的母亲。owe...to...是固定短语，表示"归功于"，根据句意。故填to。
⑥考查冠词。句意：我们应该承认经济地位对一个人的发展起着重要作用。play a part in是固定短语，表示"起作用"，因为被important修饰，important开头发元音，应该用an。故填an。
⑦考查固定短语。句意：体育运动需要的远不止一支笔和一些纸。more than是固定短语"不仅仅，不止"，根据句意。故填more。
⑧考查过去分词。句意：然而，与滑雪相比，所有这些都算不了什么。分析句子可知，compare"比较"作状语，主语all与谓语动词compare之间是被动关系，用过去分词做状语，compared with是固定短语，表示"与……相比较"。故填compared。
⑨考查主语从句，句意：对许多中国父母来说，他们往往没有意识到，确保孩子取得成功需要财政、学术和社会资源，分析句子可知本句是主语从句，从句中缺少句子的宾语，应该用what引导。故填what。
⑩考查过去分词。句意：对许多中国父母来说，他们往往没有意识到，确保孩子取得成功需要财政、学术和社会资源。分析句子可知，need作定语，修饰resources，resources与动词need之间是被动关系，用过去分词做定语。故填needed。
3.答案：①and②universal③which④activities⑤consists⑥are served⑦to convey⑧However⑨particularly⑩taken
解析：①考查连词。句意：中国烹饪中使用的天然材料和烹饪方法种类繁多，举世无双，这可能是中国餐馆和烹饪在海外普遍流行的原因。结合句意可知，此处前后为并列关系。故填and。
②考查形容词。句意：中国烹饪中使用的天然材料和烹饪方法种类繁多，举世无双，这可能是中国餐馆和烹饪在海外普遍流行的原因。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词popularity。故填universal。
③考查定语从句。句意：判断中国烹饪的三个关键要素是"色、香、味"。此处引导定语从句，先行词为three key elements,在从句中作介词by的宾语。故填which。
④考查可数名词的复数。句意：它们是通过结合一系列微妙的活动来实现的。activity为可数名词，空前有a series of修饰，故用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
⑤考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：来到中国的游客通常会感到惊讶，一桌八个人的典型晚餐包括冷热菜肴、汤和米饭。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为a typical dinner，谓语动词用三单形式。故填consists。
⑥考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：通常也供应啤酒和葡萄酒。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时,主语beer and wine与serve之间是被动关系,且主语为beer and wine,谓语动词用复数形式。故填are served。
⑦考查动词不定式。句意：当人们互相敬酒时，通常会擦干玻璃杯来传达他们真诚和快乐的信息。此处用动词不定式表目的。故填to convey。
⑧考查副词。句意：然而，外宾喝一点而不是倒空杯子是可以接受的。此处前后为转折关系，且有逗号，置于句首，首字母大写。故填However。
⑨考查副词。句意：虽然这一习俗对外国游客来说特别奇怪，但它显示了一个关键方面，在好朋友的陪伴下，美食和美酒构成了我们生活中最大的乐趣之一。此处用副词作状语修饰形容词strange。故填particularly。
⑩考查过去分词。句意：虽然这一习俗对外国游客来说特别奇怪，但它显示了一个关键方面，在好朋友的陪伴下，美食和美酒构成了我们生活中最大的乐趣之一。此处为非谓语动词作定语，fine food and good drink与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填taken。
4.答案：①attended②who③was touched④saying⑤but⑥its⑦successful⑧events⑨warmly⑩in
解析：①考查动词时态。句意：北京奥运会期间，意大利驻华大使里卡多·塞萨、意大利众议院体育委员会代表帕特里齐亚·普雷斯皮诺等意大利政界、文化界、商界人士共百余人出席了开幕式。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填attended。
②考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Riccardo Sessa，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
③考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：塞萨在2008年的演讲中说，我亲眼目睹了中国举办奥运会的盛况，为中国人民的共同努力而感动。根据"in 2008"可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语he和touch为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为he，be动词用was。 故填was touched。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界各地的运动员也在北京取得了巨大的成功，他补充说，奥林匹克精神是国际友谊、兄弟情谊和姐妹情谊，但它也是一场竞争和突破。空处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语，he和say为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填saying。
⑤考查连词。句意同上。上下文之间形成转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。
⑥考查代词。句意：我坚信本届奥运会的开幕式和整个奥运会将会像2008年夏季奥运会一样美丽和成功。修饰名词ceremony需用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
⑦考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作表语。故填successful。
⑧考查名词。句意：晚会上的古筝演奏、茶艺表演等活动受到意大利嘉宾的热烈欢迎。event为可数名词，other后面需加名词复数形式。故填events。
⑨考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词were welcomed,需用副词作状语。故填warmly。
⑩考查介词。句意：此次盛典由意大利杂志《意大利中国》和中国驻罗马旅游局联合举办。"in Rome"的意思是"在罗马"。故填in。
5.答案：①without②promote③will be shown/is shown④an⑤retired⑥inconvenience⑦extremely⑧supplies⑨submitted⑩and
解析：①考查介词。句意：为了解决没有智能手机的居民，特别是老年人的扫码问题，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市美丽斯达斡尔区政府与当地公安部门合作，推动"反扫码"。此处表示"没有只能手机"，需用介词without。故填without。
②考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。
③考查动词时态语态。句意：居民进入设施前，会出示带有个性化二维码的卡片，设施工作人员需要扫描二维码申请。before引导的时间状语从句使用一般现在时，主句可使用一般将来时或者一般现在时，主语A card with a personalized QR code和show为被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填will be shown/is shown。
④考查冠词。句意同上。application为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且application发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
⑤考查形容词。句意：73岁的退休工人高昌勇说："过去，当我去公共场所时，我经常感到尴尬，因为我没有智能手机，也不知道如何扫描代码。"修饰名词worker需用形容词retired作定语。故填retired。
⑥考查名词。句意："我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不便。"此处表示"不便"，需用inconvenience作宾语。 故填inconvenience。
⑦考查副词。句意："有时我们不得不在外面排队，这让人难以忍受，尤其是在极其寒冷的冬天，"他说。修饰形容词cold，需用副词作状语。故填extremely。
⑧考查名词。句意："因此，我的孩子们给我送来了日常用品，这样我就可以避免外出。"supply为可数名词，结合谓语"were"可知，空处需填名词复数形式。故填supplies。
⑨考查动词时态。句意：他说："当社区工作人员告诉我这个新方法时，我非常高兴，立即提交了申请。"空处和was为并列的谓语，需用一般过去时。故填submitted。
⑩考查连词。句意："几天后我就收到了这张卡，这让我的生活更有效率了。"前后两句话为顺承关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。
6.答案：1. itself2. while/but3. Heavily4. for5. has been pressed6. classifying7. majority8. formed9. a10. flatter
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述冰川的形成原因以及世界上的冰川分布情况。
【1题详解】考查代词。句意:冰川是一层在重力作用下移动的冰。根据句意可知,冰川是自己在移动,所以此处用反身代词作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者。故填itself。
【2题详解】考查连词。句意:一些冰川沿着山脉或山谷而下,而另一些则分布在广阔的土地上。根据句意可知,前后句为转折对北比关系,所以用表示转折的连词while或but连接。故填while/but。
【3题详解】考查副词。句意:格陵兰岛和南极洲等严重冰封的地区被称为大陆冰川。修饰形容词glaciated要用副词,句首字母需大写。故填Heavily。
【4题详解】考查介词。句意:这两个冰原占了地球冰川的95%以上。表示"(比例)占.."为固定短语account for,所以空处为介词for。故填for。
【5题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:格陵兰岛的冰是如此之厚重,以至于到目前为止大部分地区都被压在海平面以下。分析可知,主语much of the region和press之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语so far可知,press这一动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去,所以要用现在完成时的被动语态,且much of the region表达的是不可数的概念,所以谓语动词也用相应的单数形式。故填has been pressed.
【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:另一种分类冰川的方法是根据它们的内部温度。介词of后面要用动名词作宾语。故填classifying。
【7题详解】考查名词。句意:尽管包括非洲和大洋洲在内的各大洲都有冰川,但地球上的大多数冰川都位于两极附近。分析可知,表示"大多数.."为固定短语the majority of,所以空处应填major的名词形式。故填majority。
【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在高山地区形成的冰川通常是由于常年低温所致。分析可知,句子谓语动词为result from,和form之间无and连接,所以空处为非谓语,form和Glaciers,之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填formed。
【9题详解】考查冠词。句意:随着冰川的移动,它会雕刻出一个类似于河床的心形山谷,但其壁更陡峭,底部更平坦。分析可知,此处"U形山谷"为泛指,所以要用不定冠词,且U-shaped是以辅音音素开头,所用a。故填a。
【10题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意:随着冰川的移动,它会雕刻出一个类似于河床的U形山谷,但其壁更陡峭,底部更平坦。根据句意可知,空处应该用比较级,和空前的much steeper并列,表示"更加平坦"。故填flatter。
7.答案：①is valued ②a ③equally ④to remember ⑤meaning ⑥to ⑦Joyful ⑧which/that ⑨celebrations ⑩shared
解析：①考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 友谊是生命中最珍贵的礼物之一, 东西方文化都重视友谊。分析句子结构可知, 此处是and连接的并列句的谓语动词, 根据上文is可知, 应用一般现在时, 且主语it与谓语动词value为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 主语为it, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is valued。
②考查冠词。句意为: 在中国, 关于友谊的最有名的格言之一能够在孔子语录中找到: "有朋自远方来, 不亦乐乎?"根据句意可知, 此处为抽象名词具体化, 泛指"一件高兴的事情", 应用不定冠词, 且joy的发音是以辅音音素开头, 应用不定冠词a。故填a。
③考查词性转换。句意为: 在英国, 有一首关于友谊的诗也同样著名。此处修饰形容词famous, 应用副词, 作状语。故填equally。
④考查非谓语动词。句意为: 它提醒人们在展望未来的时候, 要记住并珍惜旧日友情。remind sb. to do sth.意为"提醒某人做某事", 为固定短语, 此处应用不定式作宾补。故填o remember。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意为: "Auld Lang Syne"是苏格兰语, 逐字翻译过来就是"old long since", 意思是"逝去的日子"。分析句子结构可知, 句子并列谓语为is和translates, 与设空处无连词连接, 故设空处为非谓语动词, 动词mean和其逻辑主语"old long since"之间为主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
⑥考查介词。句意为: 这些年来, 它已经成为今天为人所熟知的歌曲。be familiar to sb.意为"为某人所熟悉", 为固定短语, 故填to。
⑦考查词性转换。句意为: 欢快但同时又有点伤感的《友谊地久天长》在很多电影中都有出现, 包括《魂断蓝桥》, 正是这部电影让这首歌在中国广为人知。根据下文but at the same time a bit sad可知, 此处应用形容词joyful, 句首单词首字母要大写。故填Joyful。
⑧考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词film, 指物, 关系词在从句中作主语, 应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
⑨考查名词单复数。句意为: 它在派对、庆祝活动、节日, 甚至在一些购物中心关门的时候播放。分析句子结构可知, 此处作at的宾语, celebration意为"庆祝活动"时为可数名词, 结合上文的parties以及空后的festivals可知, 此处应用名词复数形式。故填celebrations。
⑩考查词性转换。句意为: 无论语言和场合如何, 它已经成为友谊和共同经历的象征—无论我们是否会唱这首歌。此处修饰名词experience, 应用形容词作定语, shared意为"共有的"。故填shared。
8.答案：1. a2. spent3. carrying4. included5. who6. activities7. for8. fully9. to deliver10. commitment
解析：
(1)a.考查冠词。句意:此次任务旨在创造中国宇航员在太空停留时间的新纪录。record是可数名词,此处表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,new是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a。故填a。
(2)spent .考查过去分词。句意:此次任务旨在创造中国宇航员在太空停留时间的新纪录。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是aimed,空格处用非谓语形式,time和spend之间是被动关系,因此空格处用过去分词spent表被动。故填spent。
(3)carrying.考查现在分词。句意:10月16日凌晨12点25分,搭载三名宇航员的神舟十三号宇宙飞船由长征二号f型火箭发射升空。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是was launched,空格处用非谓语形式,spaceship和carry之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动。故填carrying。
(4)included.考查时态。句意:新成员包括两名太空旅行的老兵:翟志刚和王亚平(此次任务中唯一的女性),以及第一次太空之旅的叶光复。通篇时态是一般过去时,因此空格处用过去式included。故填included。
(5)who.考查定语从句的引导词。句意:新成员包括两名太空旅行的老兵:翟志刚和王亚平(此次任务中唯一的女性),以及第一次太空之旅的叶光复。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Ye Guangfu是人,因此空格处用关系代词who。故填who。
(6)activities.考查名词的复数。句意:他们预定的活动主要包括多达三次的太空行走,以安装设备,为扩大空间站做准备,评估舱内的生活条件,并进行空间医学和其他领域的实验。activity是可数名词,前面无冠词,空格处用复数activities。故填activities。
(7)for.考查固定短语和介词。句意:他们预定的活动主要包括多达三次的太空行走,以安装设备,为扩大空间站做准备,评估舱内的生活条件,并进行空间医学和其他领域的实验。in preparation for是固定短语,意为"为……作准备",因此空格处是介词for。故填for。
(8)fully.考查副词。句意:中国的太空计划在未来几年内将多名宇航员送入国际空间站,使其充分发挥作用。空格处用副词修饰形容词functional, full的副词是fully,意为"充分地"。故填fully。
(9)to deliver.考查不定式。句意:神舟十三号是空间站的第五次任务,包括在没有宇航员的情况下运送物资。trips后跟不定式作后置定语,因此空格处是不定式to deliver。故填to deliver。
(10)commitment.考查名词。句意:同一天,中国重申了与其他国家在和平利用空间方面合作的承诺。its后跟名词作renew的宾语,commit的名词是commitment,意为"承诺",是可数名词,由"to cooperation with other nations in the peaceful use of space"可知,此处是一个承诺,因此空格处用单数。故填commitment。