(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题：定语从句(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。
2. 考查whse的使用。whse可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whse＋名词＝名词＋ f which ＝ f which＋名词。如：
The classrm whse dr/the dr f which/f which the dr is brken is n the secnd flr.
3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, wh am yur clse friend, will try my best t help yu whenever yu are in truble.
5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whm，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whse。如：
The teacher in frnt f whse huse stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situatin, pint, case, activity, scene及perid, festival, ccasin等出现时, 要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
【命题趋势】
定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文改错，完型填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。
【名师指导】
考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：
考生不能辨别定语从句的结构；
关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；
3. 习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；
4. 由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句
1．wh,whm和whse引导的定语从句
(1)wh或whm均可指代人， 但wh在从句中作主语或宾语， whm在从句中作宾语； 两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。 作主语时， wh/that不可省略； 作宾语时， whm/wh/that可以省略。
◆I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl wh/whm/that I met in the English speech cntest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
◆I have many friends t whm I’m ging t send pst cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
◆The persn I want t talk abut with yu is Tu Yuyu, the ne wh wn the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 2015.
我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。[来源:学&科&网]
(2)whse表所属关系， 一般指人，也可指物， 在从句中作定语。 指物时相当于f which; 指人时相当于f whm。
◆The schl shp, whse custmers are mainly students, is clsed fr the hlidays.
这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生， 放假时商店关门。
eq \a\vs4\al()
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
◆Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.
汤姆是想出解决方法的唯一工程师。
2．that,which引导的定语从句
(1)which指物， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语， 作宾语时可以省略。
◆She shwed the visitrs arund the museum that/which had been cnstructed three years befre.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
(2)限制性定语从句中， 关系代词只用that不用which的情况：
①先行词为不定代词anything, nthing, smething, everything, all, sme, nne, little, few, the ne等时。
◆I refuse t accept the blame fr smething that was smene else’s fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词， 或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
③先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, n, sme，all等修饰时。
◆The nly part f the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
◆They will never frget the things and persns that they’ve seen r heard f during their lng jurney.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：
①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
◆The by was away frm hme fr a week, which wrried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
②当从句中的介词提前， 构成“介词＋关系代词” 结构时。
◆We live in an age in which mre infrmatin is available with greater ease than ever befre.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
3．as引导的定语从句
※(1)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“s/such/the same＋先行词＋as…”结构中。
◆Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
eq \a\vs4\al()
which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。
◆(安徽高考)M Yan was awarded the Nbel Prize fr Literature in 2012, which made ne f the Chinese peple’s lng­held dreams cme true.
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句， 定语从句说明整个句子， 可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying ges, as is said abve, as is mentined abve, as ften happens, as is ften the case, as is reprted in the newspaper等。
◆She has been absent fr the meeting again, as is expected. 她又缺席会议了，这在预料之中。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River____________are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
that/which 解析： 先行词为waters，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
单句语法填空
1．(2015·陕西高考)A salesman ____________ is nt punctual may nt make a sale if he arrives late fr an appintment.
2．(全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe yu have a habit ____________is driving yur family crazy.
3．(2017·福建龙岩质检)Tibet is such a place____________ all the peple acrss the wrld are dreaming f visiting.
4．(2016·江苏高考单项填空)Many yung peple, mst f ____________ were well­educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
5．(2015·四川高考单项填空)The bks n the desk，____________ cvers are shiny，are prizes fr us.
1．where引导的定语从句
where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/n…＋which”。
◆(2015·北京高考单项填空)Oppsite is St.Paul’s Church，where yu can hear sme lvely music.
＝Oppsite is St.Paul’s Church，in which yu can hear sme lvely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。
eq \a\vs4\al()
当先行词为situatin, case, stage, pint，activity, atmsphere等抽象名词， 且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时， 常用关系副词where引导。
◆They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2．when引导的定语从句
when表示时间， 在定语从句中作时间状语， 相当于“介词in/at/n/during…＋which” 结构。
◆(湖南高考单项填空)I am lking frward t the day when my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her. 我正期盼着那一天的到来， 那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。
3．why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词fr＋which”结构。
◆D yu knw the reasn why/fr which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
eq \a\vs4\al()
(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则：在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，必须用关系代词；若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，必须用关系副词。
This is the muntain village that/which I visited last year.(关系词在从句中作宾语)
I will never frget the day when my father returned frm America.(关系词在从句中作状语)
(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词，且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导，也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语，要用that或which引导，也可以省略关系词。
I dn’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks t his mther.
[典例] (2016·全国卷乙语法填空)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s，____________ I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
单句语法填空
1．(广东高考)The next day, my brther and I went t the beach ____________we watched sme peple play vlleyball.
2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)When harvest came arund，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cttn in the market ____________ peple frm the twns met regularly.
3．(2016·天津高考单项填空)We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, ____________ the weather may be better.
1．介词和关系代词的确定
介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whm，指物时常用which。另外，whse也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whse＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：
◆Trading leather shes is the business t which the Greens are devted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devted t“献身，致力于”)
◆(湖南高考)Care f the sul is a gradual prcess in which even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
◆Recently I bught an ancient vase，the price f which(＝whse price) was very reasnable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
2．“f＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在sme，any，few，little，nne，all，bth，neither，many，mst，each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用f which/whm。
◆He had a lt f friends，nne f whm wuld ffer help t him when he was in truble. 他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。
※3．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句
有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
◆His head sn appeared ut f the windw，frm where he saw nthing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(frm where相当于frm ut f the windw，而不是frm the windw)
[典例] (2016·浙江高考单项填空)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f ____________ has been prved.
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．I am lking fr my glasses, withut ____________ I can’t watch TV clearly.
2．She brught with her three friends, nne f ____________ I had ever met befre.
3．(浙江高考)The children, all f which had played the whle day lng，were wrn ut.____________________
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空
1．(2015·陕西高考语法和词汇知识)As the smallest child f his family，Alex is always lnging fr the time ____________ he shuld be able t be independent.
2．(2017·安徽安庆一中模拟)I will never frget such a beautiful village ____________I spent my childhd with my grandparents.
3．(2017·吉林省实验中学第二次模拟)There they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry, ____________had als vlunteered t help.
4．(2017·浙江台州书生中学月考)Bb is in a hpeless situatin，____________ we will keep a very clse eye n.
5．It was a pity that the pliceman failed t find the persn____________ the witness had described.
6．(2017·湖南岳阳一中检测)The ld man turned his business ver t his yunger sn, ____________made his elder sn discuraged.
7．(2015·重庆高考单项填空)He wrte many children’s bks，nearly half f ____________ were published in the 1990s.
8．(2017·浙江湖州中学期中)Tm’s new watch ____________hands are made f gld is quite expensive.
9．(2017·浙江平阳二中期中)Take an active part in the activities yu enjy____________ yu can make many friends.
10．(2017·江苏泰州一中模拟)Thse wh can achieve high grades in class tend t be weak in handling sme practical prblems，____________is ften the case.
11．(2017·辽宁朝阳三校联考)On an autumn afternn, we were sent t a farm____________ we learnt t plant ptates.
12．(2017·浙江东阳二中调研)The bk tells stries f the earthquake thrugh the eyes f thse ____________lives were affected.
13．(2017·浙江杭州余杭区期末)The baby，____________health was ruined after taking the medicine，was nly ne year ld.
14．(2017·浙江东阳二中调研)Hw I regretted nt having studied hard at schl, ____________led t the failure in my career!
15．(2017·河北唐山一模)Then I nticed an elderly lady walking with difficulty in frnt f me, ____________seemed in her 80s.
16．(2017·河北定州中学模拟)Sme think it is cnvenient t get in tuch with thers with the cellphne，____________ als makes them feel safe especially in time f truble.
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 单句改错
1．(2017·江西南昌十所重点中学二模)We can hear birds singing happily all arund.Everybdy sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.____________________
2．(2017·石家庄模拟)Everyne has perids in their lives that everything seems very hard.____________________
3．(2017·嘉兴测试)I will never frget the day n that we went t buy guitars in a guitar stre.____________________
4．Her perfrmances n the stage were perfect, that made a lt f peple admire her.____________________
5．(2017·福建普通高中二检)There are three peple in my family and I’m the nly child, wh is very cmmn in Chinese families.____________________
6．(2017·浙江杭州质检)Mst imprtantly，living with yur friends will imprve yur team spirit, that will be beneficial t yur future career.____________________
7．(2017·长春七校第一次联考)I saw a 7­r 8­year­ld by wearing a man’s vercat it cvered him frm neck t te.____________________
8．(全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might nt be served until 8 ’clck at night.____________________
【总结】
【走向高考】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·天津卷)We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
2．(2016·浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f ________ has been prved.
3．(2016·江苏卷)Many yung peple, mst f ________ were well­educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
4．(2016·北京卷)I live next dr t a cuple ________ children ften make a lt f nise.
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back i my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
6．(2015·江苏卷改编)The number f smkers, ________ is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
7．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
8．(2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe yu have a habit ________ is driving yur family crazy.
9．(2016·浙江杭州余杭区期末改编)The baby, ________ health was ruined after taking the medicine, was nly ne year ld.
10．(2017·浙江东阳二中调研改编)Hw I regretted nt having studied hard at schl, ________ led t the failure in my career!
11．(2017·安徽六校教育研究会联考改编)Thugh it is 20 years since we last met, I still remember the scene in ________ we gt separated n a rainy day.
12．(2017·山东济宁模拟)This means peple can check ut the pictures ________ appear in the brains f animals such as insects, birds, and fish.
13．(2017·辽宁省实验中学分校模拟)When I was yung, we lived in what is nw a frest preserve. Peple had the bad habit f abandning dgs, ________ drve my pr mther crazy! We were nt rich and already had a dg.
14．(2017·福建龙岩质检改编)Tibet is such a place ________ all the peple acrss the wrld are dreaming f visiting.
15．(2016·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟改编)Dad decided t build a small tl rm with a lck, ________ he wuld keep his best tls s my brther culdn't reach them.
16. (2018·江苏)Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
17. (2018·北京)She and her family bicycle t wrk, _________ helps them keep fit.
18. (2018·天津)Kate, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
19. (2018·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014_________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes A day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
20. (2018·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
21. (2018·浙江)Many westerners cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1．(2016·四川卷)The dishes what I cked were Mm's favrite.________
2．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might nt be served until 8 'clck at night.________
3．(2015·天津卷改编)The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere that his emplyees enjy their wrk.________
4．(2015·北京卷改编)Oppsite is St. Paul's Church, which yu can hear sme lvely music.________
5．(2017·江西南昌十所重点中学二模)We can hear birds singing happily all arund. Everybdy sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.________
6．(2017·浙江杭州质检)Mst imprtantly, living with yur friends will imprve yur team spirit, that will be beneficial t yur future career.________
7．(2017·长春七校第一次联考)It was Christmas.I saw a 7­ r 8­year­ld by wearing a man's vercat it cvered him frm neck t te.________
8．(2017·山东省实验中学模拟)Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding, mst f wh are family members.________
9．(2017·山西沂州四校联考)The yellw huse which windws face suth is the place where I spent my childhd.________
10．(2017·石家庄模拟)Everyne has perids in their lives that everything seems very hard.________
11. (2018·全国卷I)They als had a small pnd, which they raised fish. ________
12. (2018·全国卷II)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned ut t be very useful later in my life.________
13. (2018·吉林省长春高三四模)Hwever, there is a rule the participants shall be in a grup. ________
14. (2018·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学、河南省实验中学高三联考) It’s a gd feeling t knw in ur hearts we are ding ur best in a wrld what is in serius truble. ________
15. (2018·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三仿真模拟（一）) Fr a thing, the sense f humr is necessary fr a teacher, wh makes his class interesting and lively. ________
16. (2018·山西省太原市高三第二次模拟) In the early twenty century, hmeless peple were ften brught up in rphanages, in that they received little lve. ________
17.(2018·山东省泰安市高三第二次模拟) We gt t the muntain tp that we wuld stay fr a whle night.________
18.(2018·辽宁省凌源市高考三模) Nw there are abut 3,000 students in ur schl, mst f wh are living and having meal at schl.________
19.(2018·河北省衡水中学高三第二次仿真模拟) I actually kept the light n in my bedrm the whle night, that finally put me at ease.________
20. (2018·江西省临川一中高三模拟考) During the past five years, he has fstered 33 new varieties f rice seeds what are grwn n land cvering 600,000 hectares.________
(1)先行词的意义；
(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
(3)句子的意思。