2018-2022年北京中考英语5年真题1年模拟汇编 专题04 任务型阅读（学生卷+教师卷）

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5年（2018-2022）中考1年模拟英语真题分项汇编（北京专用）
专题04 任务型阅读

（2022年北京市中考英语真题）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Working Out through Online Videos

Physical exercise is good for our mind, body and spirit. Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular. Since the Internet is widely used, it’s very easy for us to do so. That means we can work out anytime anywhere.
One of my friends, Lin Fei. followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. “With live programs, I feel like working out with my friends, which encourages me to hold on to the last minute.” she said. Another friend of mine, Michael, told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable. “I have a fear of working out at the gym（健身房）because I don’t like being watched by others. Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable.” he said.
With their examples, I decided to give it a try. When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some problems.
“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing （愿意的）to work out to your best. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder.” my sister said to me. “Well, if you really want to have a try. first, choose proper programs or videos. That’s very important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. Anyway, don’t be addicted（沉迷的）to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”
At her suggestions, I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months. After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount （量） of work along with a strong will. Compared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time-saving choice. But it can be difficult sometimes when I’m too lazy or too busy to stick to it.
34．Which way to work out is becoming very popular today?
__________________________________________________________________
35．Why does Michael dislike working out at the gym?
__________________________________________________________________
36．What is the problem of working out without someone else in person?
__________________________________________________________________
37．How did the writer feel about his first period of training?
__________________________________________________________________
38．Would you like to follow online videos to work out? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】
34．Working out through online videos.
35．Because he doesn’t like being watched by others.
36．Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing to work out to your best.
37．It is very practical and helpful.
38．Yes. Because I feel free and relaxed when I follow online videos to work out. It doesn’t cost money and saves my time.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在朋友的鼓励下跟着视频进行锻炼，这是方便又节省时间的选择。
34．根据“Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular.”可知，如今，通过在线视频健身变得非常流行。故填Working out through online videos.
35．根据“I have a fear of working out at the gym because I don’t like being watched by others.”可知，Michael害怕在健身房锻炼，因为不喜欢被别人注视。故填Because he doesn’t like being watched by others.
36．根据“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing to work out to your best.”可知，如果没有和某人在一起，你就不太愿意努力做到最好。故填Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing to work out to your best.
37．根据“After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount of work along with a strong will.”可知，在第一阶段的训练后，我觉得我投入了适量的工作和坚强的意志，这是非常实际和有用的。故填It is very practical and helpful.
38．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：Yes. Because I feel free and relaxed when I follow online videos to work out. It doesn’t cost money and saves my time.
2021年北京中考真题
四、阅读回答问题

Screen-Free Days
I remember the first time I suggested screen-free days in our school to some of our student leaders. Jokingly, I said to the group, “What do you think if we go a week without using our laptops or smartphones?”
They laughed, and one of them said, “No way, Mr. White. They would be too much.” I could feel their worry, and told them that I was only considering single screen-free days. Even that idea left them feeling upset.
According to a survey we did, most students in our school spend about six hours a day on screens. Many of my students start their day by checking their smartphones. I often see them looking at their phones when getting off the bus or at parents’ drop-off, they can’t use their own “screens” at school. They usually work on computers at school for at least two hours during the day.
It’s clear that our students spend a lot of time on screens. We do see the benefits of technology. However, we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens. That’s why we have come up with the idea of screen-free days.
During the course of the year, we have built in several screen-free days that require us to make different plans for our students about how they will communicate with one another and the world around them without “screens”. For some teachers, this means bringing back a valuable lesson plan that has been put off for some time because it is “out of date”. Others have designed something completely new.
Fun activities, for example, card games and room escape(密室逃脱) games, are organized at school. In these activities, students socialize without smartphones and have face-to-face communication without checking on “likes” they’ve got online. These fun activities also make it possible for the whole grade to enjoy the company of their friends with no smartphones.
After our first screen-free day, students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it. Finding ways to help our students connect with one another is important.
While technology is already part of our world, it shouldn’t play such an important role in a learner’s life.
34．How many hours do most students in the school spend on screens every day?
35．Why have the teachers come up with the idea of screen-free days?
36．What fun activities can the students have at school?
37．How did the students feel after the first screen-free day?
38．What do you think of the idea of screen-free days? Why do you think so?
【答案】
34．They spend about six hours on screens every day.
35．Because they want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens.
36．They can have fun activities like card games and room escape games.
37．They were surprised they enjoyed it.
38．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I think it is a good idea. Because it is not only good for our health but also helps us keep a good relationship with real friends.
【分析】本文向我们介绍学校的无屏幕日，起初学生认为这是不可能的，但是慢慢发现无屏幕日带来更多的是好处。
34．根据“According to a survey we did, most students in our school spend about six hours a day on screens.”可知，根据调查，学校的大多数学生每天花大约6小时在屏幕上。故填They spend about six hours on screens every day.
35．根据“However, we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens. That’s why we have come up with the idea of screen-free days.”可知，我们老师也希望确保学生在远离屏幕的情况下能够平衡学习和社交体验，这就是提出“无屏幕日”理念的原因。故填 Because they want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens.
36．根据“Fun activities, for example, card games and room escape(密室逃脱) games, are organized at school.”可知，学校组织了一些有趣的活动，比如纸牌游戏和密室逃生游戏。故填They can have fun activities like card games and room escape games.
37．根据“After our first screen-free day, students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it.”可知，在第一个无屏幕日之后，学生们提到，他们很惊讶自己能喜欢它。故填They were surprised they enjoyed it.
38．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I think it is a good idea. Because it is not only good for our health but also helps us keep a good relationship with real friends.
2020年北京中考真题

This 12-year-old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean

Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up.
Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research. That’s how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem; a remote-operated vehicle(遥控潜水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du’s ROV is the detection(探测) system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also uses visible(可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado. “It sounds simple, but it’s a level of thinking that’s really amazing. ”
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候) change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,” says Du.
Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”
34．What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach?
___________________________________________________
35．How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem?
___________________________________________________
36．What can Du’s ROV do?
___________________________________________________
37．Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future?
___________________________________________________
38．What made Du succeed in building her ROV?
___________________________________________________
【答案】
34．She noticed plastics.
35．At the age of 12. / When she was 12 years old.
36．It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
37．Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.
38．Her good engineering sense to break down a problem, the engineering skills necessary to build it, her persistence(not giving up) and her parents' support.（另外答出the careful observation, the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分）
【解析】
34．根据第1段中“Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.”可知Anna Du在海滩散步的时候注意到了塑料。故答案为：She noticed plastics.
35．根据第2段中“Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research.”可知Du做了一点调查来解决这个问题的时候，她12岁了。故答案为：At the age of 12. / When she was 12 years old.
36．根据第3段中“Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.”可知Du的ROV能够在水中移动，找到海底的塑料。故答案为：It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
37．根据最后一段中Du的话“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems”可知她想要成为一名工程师是因为她喜欢制造东西来帮助解决世界问题。故答案为：Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.
38．根据第5段中“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it”可知她在解决问题方面有良好工程悟性；根据第6段中“and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV”可知她学会了建造ROV所需的工程技术；根据第6段中“She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.”可知她不轻言放弃；根据倒数第2段中“Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).”可知Du的父母很支持她。这几点都是她成功制作ROV的重要因素。故答案为：Her good engineering sense to break down a problem, the engineering skills necessary to build it, her persistence(not giving up) and her parents' support.（另外答出the careful observation, the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分）
2019年北京中考真题
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）. Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice.
"We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around," he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
34. When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?
35. Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?
36. What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?
37. How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?
38. What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?
34. In May.2010.
【解析】根据短文第二段开头The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010.可知，这些巨大的海浪是在2019年五月份，被科学家Aleksey Marchenko和他的学生们发现的。故答案为In May 2010.
35. Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
【解析】根据短文第二段中Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.可知，Marchenko和他的学生想要研究冰冷的海水。故答案为Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
36. He moved the ship deeper into the ice.
【解析】根据短文第五段He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.可知，为了安全，Marchenko决定把船开到冰更深的地方。故回答He moved the ship deeper into the ice.
37. More than 20 feet.
【解析】根据短文第六段The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.可知，导航系统记录的最大的海浪有20多英尺高。故答案为More than 20 feet.
38.The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.
【解析】根据短文第七段That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.可知，这一段中主要介绍了巨大的海浪对航海人员、当地社区以及野生动物的危害。故答案为The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.
（2018年北京市中考英语试卷）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”．Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.

Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been
used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A: 95-100%(excellent)            B: 85-94%(good)          C: 76-84%(fair)
D: 75%(barely passed)            E: below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.
Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning。However，as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.
34．what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?
35．when was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
36．what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
37．what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
38．why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
【答案】
34．It stands for “fail”
35．In 1897
36．Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”
37．They thought this new letter grading system was an easy fair and clear way to grade students
38．Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand
【解析】
短文讲了判定测试或作业的字母等级方法，详细的介绍了字母所代表的含义，及其人们对这种评定方法的看法等。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段句子 In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”. 在A、B、C、D和F评分系统中，前四个字母通常被认为是及格分数。这个系统中的F仅仅表示"失败"。可知F表示“失败”。故答案为An F in this system stands for “fail”.
35．细节理解题。根据第四段句子The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897, they began to use the following grading scale. 美国第一个使用字母评分系统的大学是Mount Holyoke College. 1897年，他们开始使用以下等级量表。可知在1897年。故答案为In 1897年。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段句子 However, really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. 然而，许多学校决定放弃E级，直接进入F。真的没有证据支持这一点，但一个可能的解释是，老师担心一些学生和家长可能误认为E为“优秀”。可知老师担心一些学生和家长可能误认为E为“优秀”。故答案为Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段句子Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students. 当时的大多数老师认为这种新的字母评分系统是一种简单、公平、清晰的给学生打分的方式。可知当时的大多数老师认为这种新的字母评分系统是一种简单、公平、清晰的给学生打分的方式。故答案为Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy，fair and clear way to grade students.
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段句子However, as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar（熟悉）and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren't going away any time soon. 然而，当教师试图改进评分方法时，许多家长仍然喜欢孩子们得到的字母等级，他们对父母来说很熟悉，也很容易理解。因此，尽管他们可能不是完美的，但字母等级不会很快就消失。可知它们是父母所熟悉和容易理解的。故答案为They are familiar and easy for parents to understand.

（2022·北京·清华附中三模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
The Sport of Concentration

Every day, it seems, a new gadget (设备) promises to help me increase the distance and pace I run, or the number of hours I sleep, or the rate of my heartbeats. It will make me a “better me,” or so the story goes.
Maybe some of them actually help to do these things, but nonetheless, I still decided to sell all of my sports gadgets a few months ago and simply record my running times with a pen and a notepad. Soon after, I began to train for a marathon the old-fashioned way, without something on my wrist telling me my pace and current heart rate. As it turned out, running without knowing all that information was a great pleasure.
In the past, whenever I was running slower than my smartwatch said I should be, I’d force myself to speed up, even if it was clear that my body didn’t want to. But this time, I ran the way I wanted to.
On more than a few occasions, when I’d look at my notepad following key workouts (锻炼), I was shocked to see that I’d had some real breakthroughs (突破), running much faster than I thought I could. I was so shocked about these numbers and thought that if I’d seen them during the workout itself, I would have probably slowed down. Yet, because I was blind to them, I just kept on running.
Another positive thing about getting rid of all my running gadgets is that it’s helping me concentrate (集中注意力) more on the running itself. Since I no longer feel like I need technology to run well, I can go out and run without worrying about whether everything has enough battery power.
So, what’s the lesson here? Well, we could very easily replace the example of running with writing, studying, or anything else. No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.
Should you stop using technology to “improve” your performance? Of course, that’s up to you. However, if I were to be asked that question, I’d certainly say that I’m better off without it.
1．When did the writer decide to sell all of the sports gadgets?
________________
2．Why was the writer shocked?
________________
3．What’s another positive thing without any running gadgets?
________________
4．What does the writer learn from the example of running?
________________
5．What do you think of sports gadgets? Why do you think so?
________________
【答案】
1．A few months ago.
2．Because the writer/she/he had some real breakthroughs, running much faster.
3．It’s helping the writer/her/him concentrate more on the running itself.
4．No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.
5．One possible key: I agree with the writer. I think they’re not necessary for me. Because I don’t need technology to run well, I can go out and run without worrying about whether everything has enough battery power.
Another possible key: I think they are helpful for me. Because I can know the data from sports gadgets and improve my performance from time to time.
【解析】
本文主要是作者结合自己跑步的经历告诉我们，与其依赖那些计数设备来记录跑步的情况，不如专心地跑步，因为让自己在某件事上做得更好的时间越多，我们的表现就越受影响。
1．
根据“I still decided to sell all of my sports gadgets a few months ago”可知，几个月前，决定卖掉我所有的运动设备，故填A few months ago.
2．
根据“I was shocked to see that I’d had some real breakthroughs (突破), running much faster than I thought I could”可知，作者很震惊地发现有了一些真正的突破，跑得比想象的要快得多，故填Because the writer/she/he had some real breakthroughs, running much faster.
3．
根据“Another positive thing about getting rid of all my running gadgets is that it’s helping me concentrate (集中注意力) more on the running itself”可知，另一个摆脱所有跑步设备的好处是，它帮助作者更专注于跑步本身，故填It’s helping the writer/her/him concentrate more on the running itself.
4．
根据“No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.”可知，这让作者明白无论如何，我们花在如何让自己在某件事上做得更好的时间越多，我们的表现就越受影响，故填No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.
5．
开放性题，答案合理即可，参考答案为：One possible key: I agree with the writer. I think they’re not necessary for me. Because I don’t need technology to run well, I can go out and run without worrying about whether everything has enough battery power.
Another possible key: I think they are helpful for me. Because I can know the data from sports gadgets and improve my performance from time to time.
（2022·北京东城·二模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Spreading Happiness
Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school. They thought their students might have the magic words that could bring calm to people in difficult times, so they created a project called “Pep Toc” with their students. The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters. The two teachers had the same basic question for all the students: “What could you say to help or encourage someone else?”
Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline. When people call the hotline, they can hear happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive（积极的）messages. For example, pressing 1 brings ideas for people who are “feeling mad or nervous”. Helpful suggestions include: “listen to music”, or “go and get a cookie”. Pressing 2 results in “words of encouragement and life advice”. This includes messages like: “The world is a better place with you in it.” and “You are okay!” By pressing 3, you can hear a group of children saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, don’t give up!”
Other students made encouraging posters and hung them up around the town. Many posters had strips of paper. When people passed by, they could tear off（撕掉）the strips and take with them. For example, one poster said “If you are mad, think of positive thoughts, and had strips reminding people to “Be happy”.

Ms. Martin thought the project would only attract interest from people near the school. But in its first six weeks, the hotline got 5 million calls from around the world. It has become very popular with stressed adults, patients in hospitals, and others who just want to hear the happy voices of children. For Martin and Weiss, the project shows students that small acts can have a big influence. “If you have an idea, just try to do it and see what happens,” Weiss says. Students now know that they have amazing power. They’re already thinking about new messages to record for the Pep Toc Hotline.
6．Who created the project “Pep Toc”?
_________________________________
7．What are the two parts of the project?
_________________________________
8．How did Ms. Martin and the students set up the hotline?
_________________________________
9．What could people do when they passed by the posters?
_________________________________
10．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
_________________________________
【答案】
6．Two art teachers, Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss, and their students.
7．Setting up a hotline and making encouraging posters.
8．The students thought of positive messages. Then Ms. Martin recorded them and sorted out the recordings into different parts of the hotline.
9．They could tear off the strips and take with them.
10．The influence of the project on other people and the students.
【解析】本文主要讲述两位小学美术老师和学生一起开展“PepToc”项目帮助人们的故事。
6．
根据“Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school...so they created a project called ‘Pep Toc’ with their students.”可知，两位小学美术老师和他们的学生一起创建“PepToc”项目。故填Two art teachers, Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss, and their students.
7．
根据“The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters.”可知，这个项目有两个部分：设立热线电话和制作鼓舞人心的海报。故填Setting up a hotline and making encouraging posters.
8．
根据“Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline.”可知，学生们想出能帮助或鼓励人们的话，马丁女士则将这些话录制成录音，并将录音整理到热线电话的不同按键里。故填The students thought of positive messages. Then Ms. Martin recorded them and sorted out the recordings into different parts of the hotline.
9．
根据“When people passed by, they could tear off the strips and take with them.”可知，当人们经过海报前，他们可以撕下纸条并带走。故填They could tear off the strips and take with them.
10．
细读最后一段可知，本段主要描述这个项目对他人及学生产生的影响。故填The influence of the project on other people and the students.
（2022·北京密云·二模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Red Nose Day is a well-known event in the UK. It is on the second or third Friday in March. It raises money for people in need in Africa and the UK.
Red Nose Day is organized by Comic Relief. This organization was set up by Richard Curtis and Lenny Henry in 1985. They wanted to use comedy and laughter to bring more attention to poverty in the UK and Africa, and make sure that everybody who didn’t have money to see comedy shows could have fun at the same time. That’s why Red Nose Day was born. The British celebrated the first Red Nose Day on February 5, 1988, and they celebrate it every two years now. A third of the money raised goes to projects in the UK and two thirds to projects in Africa.
The slogan for the last Red Nose Day was “Do Something Funny for Money” and the money collected was used to help fund projects in the following areas: treating malaria, education, maternal health and mental health. The BBC Red Nose Day telethon raised £74.3 million! Money-raising events take place all over the country and many schools join in. People also donate (捐赠) money by post, in banks, by phone using a credit card and online.
People call it Red Nose Day because on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear. Even if someone doesn’t wear it, he will go and buy one. Some people put the red noses on the front of their cars to show their support. The money made from selling plastic red noses goes to Comic Relief.
So, if you are ever in the UK on Red Nose Day, now you know why you may see normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It’s all for a good reason.
11．When is Red Nose Day?
________________________________
12．Who was this organization set up by?
________________________________
13．What was the slogan for the last Red Nose Day?
________________________________
14．Why do people call it Red Nose Day?
________________________________
15．If you are in the UK on Red Nose Day, what should you do and why?
________________________________
【答案】
11．It is on the second or third Friday in March.
12．Richard Curtis and Lenny Henry.
13．Do Something Funny for Money.
14．Because on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear.
15．I will buy a plastic red nose to wear because it can raise money for people in need in Africa and the UK.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的一个慈善活动——红鼻子日。
11．
根据“It is on the second or third Friday in March”可知，英国红鼻子日在三月的第二或第三个星期五。故填It is on the second or third Friday in March.
12．
根据“This organization was set up by Richard Curtis and Lenny Henry in 1985.”可知，英国红鼻子日是由Richard Curtis和Lenny Henry创立的。故填Richard Curtis and Lenny Henry.
13．
根据“The slogan for the last Red Nose Day was ‘Do Something Funny for Money’”可知，上一个红鼻子日的口号是“为钱做点有趣的事”，故填Do Something Funny for Money.
14．
根据“People call it Red Nose Day because on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear”可知，人们称之为红鼻子日，因为在这一天，许多人会买一个塑料红鼻子来戴。故填Because on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear.
15．
根据“It raises money for people in need in Africa and the UK … on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear … ”可知，红鼻子日为非洲和英国需要帮助的人筹集资金，在这天许多人会买一个塑料红鼻子来戴。故填I will buy a plastic red nose to wear because it can raise money for people in need in Africa and the UK.
（2022·北京石景山·二模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Why do We Celebrate Festivals?

Festivals are celebrated all around the world. Every festival has its different customs. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest(丰收) festival can be found in almost every culture. This important festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are thankful for the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It had a parade and a great large meal with music dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious moon cakes.
Customs play an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time because of the development of modem society and the spread of new ideas. One example is the Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting fireworks to drive away the evil(恶毒的) spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children which is far from its original custom.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial(商业的) with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy(经济) and public happiness.
Festivals are an important part of society. They show people’s wishes, beliefs and attitudes towards life. They allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to thank for. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
16．What is the common spirit in all festivals?
________________
17．Which festival can be found in almost every culture?
________________
18．Why do customs in some festivals change over time?
________________
19．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
________________
20．What do you think of festivals’ becoming more commercial? Why do you think so?
________________
【答案】
16．The spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace.
17．The harvest festival.
18．Because of the development of modem society and the spread of new ideas.
19．The reason why festival are an important part of society.
20．I think it does more harm than good, because it makes it easy for young people to compare with others.
【解析】本文主要介绍了人类节日的重要性，多样性，以及随着时间它的变化和意义。
16．
根据第一段“ However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace is common in all festivals.”可知，无论它们看起来有多么不同，在世界各地，分享欢乐、感谢、爱或和平的精神在所有节日中都很普遍，故答案为The spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace.
17．
根据第二段“Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture.”可知，在所有的传统节日中，收获的节日几乎存在于每一种文化中，故答案为The harvest festival.
18．
根据第三段“Customs play an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time because of the development of modem society and the spread of new ideas.”可知，由于现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，习俗会随着时间的推移而改变，故答案为Because of the development of modem society and the spread of new ideas.
19．
根据最后一段“They show… They help…”可知，这一段主要是说节日是社会的重要组成部分的原因，故答案为The reason why festival are an important part of society.
20．
本题为个人观点题，即表达出个人观点即可。对于节日正变得越来越商业化，我认为它弊大于利，因为它使年轻人很容易与他人进行比较，故答案为I think it does more harm than good, because it makes it easy for young people to compare with others.
（2022·北京大兴·二模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Hear Me Roar
Are you a tiger? According to the Chinese Zodiac (生肖), people born in the Year of the Tiger are kind and energetic. That may be true, but those characteristics are not generally related to real tigers. While we admire the handsome animals, we also fear them. But there are lessons everyone can learn from the lives of these amazing cats.
Tigers seldom feed in groups in the wild, but when they do, males allow females and cubs to eat first. In other words, big, strong male(雄性的) tigers wait their turn and think of others before themselves. We, too, should consider the needs of others before we act.
Tigers can also teach us how to be strategic (有策略的). These smart animals study a situation before acting. They hardly attack prey (猎物) on sight but will consider their strategy several times, if necessary, before rushing forward.
Tigers go after large prey, so they have big ideas. Despite all their planning, tigers only end up with a meal once out of every 12 attempts (尝试) to catch something. Yet they do not give up; they keep trying until they succeed.
Most kinds of cats avoid water, but tigers enjoy water and are very capable swimmers. This love of water allows them to live in many different environments including forests, grasslands and mangrove swamps. Learn from the tiger, and decide for yourself what you can and cannot do. Try things that others consider impossible. Explore surprising places.
Tigers’ love of water also allows them to hunt and fight crocodiles. This kind of animals are extremely difficult to kill. Usually, tigers kill by biting the neck of their prey. But a crocodile’s neck has a thick coat of armor. Tigers are not put off by this. Instead, they change their strategy and attack the creature’s weak areas like its stomach or eyes. Like the tiger, don’t let difficult situations stop you from succeeding. Try more than one method if your usual strategy isn’t successful.
Tigers are as different as people are. The fur of every tiger has a unique pattern. So be yourself and show off your stripes. Take a few hints from the tiger, and let others hear you roar this year.

21．What are people born in the Year of the Tiger like?
________________
22．What do male tigers do when they feed in groups?
________________
23．How many attempts do tigers end up with a meal?
________________
24．Usually, how do tigers kill?
________________
25．What do you want to learn from tigers most? Why?
________________
【答案】
21．Kind and energetic.
22．Allow females and cubs to eat first.
23．Twelve./12.
24．By biting the neck of their prey.
25．What I want to learn most is the fearless spirit of tigers. Because I want to surpass myself and I have to find ways to overcome difficulties. If the method is wrong, I will try other methods.
【解析】本文介绍了一种凶猛的猫科爬行动物——老虎，并介绍了它们的生活习性和捕获食物的本领。
21．
根据“According to the Chinese Zodiac, people born in the Year of the Tiger are kind and energetic.”可知，根据中国的生肖，虎年出生的人善良而精力充沛。故填Kind and energetic.
22．
根据“Tigers seldom feed in groups in the wild, but when they do, males allow females and cubs to eat first.”可知，雄性老虎成群觅食时，它们会允许雌性和幼崽先吃。故填Allow females and cubs to eat first.
23．
根据“Despite all their planning, tigers only end up with a meal once out of every 12 attempts to catch something.”可知，老虎每12次捕捉猎物的尝试中，只有一次能吃到。故填Twelve./12.
24．
根据“Usually, tigers kill by biting the neck of their prey.”可知，通常，老虎通过咬住猎物的脖子来杀死猎物。故填By biting the neck of their prey.
25．
开放性作答，结合文章，言之有理即可，参考答案为What I want to learn most is the fearless spirit of tigers. Because I want to surpass myself and I have to find ways to overcome difficulties. If the method is wrong, I will try other methods.
（2022·北京朝阳·二模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Volunteering is a great way to bring positive change to people, communities and society in general. The word “volunteering” started being used in the 18th century when people were willingly joining the military （军事）service. Today, the word is not so much connected with the military service, but with community service.
Official （正式的）organized volunteering appeared in the 19th century and became more popular in the 20th century. And the biggest development in volunteering was brought by the Internet. Organizations can reach people more easily online. Helpful platforms were raised, and more volunteers became interested when they found out about different opportunities.
We can learn a lot from volunteering. It connects us to others. It is a great way to meet new people with common interests. It also helps us make new friends, and improve our social skills.
Volunteering brings fun in our life. It is a fun and easy way to explore our interests and passions. Many people volunteer in order to make time for hobbies outside of work. For example, if a person has a desk job and long to spend time outdoors, he might consider volunteering to help plant a community garden, walk dogs for an animal shelter, or help out at a children’s camp.
Volunteering can also be helpful for our careers（职业）. If we are considering a new career, volunteering can help us get experience in other areas and meet people in the field. Also, many volunter opportunities provide training, or can help us build upon skills we already have. Volunteering doesn’t just feel good, it’s good for us.
26．Is the word “volunteering” only connected with military service today?
_____________________________________
27．When did official organized volunteering appear?
_____________________________________
28．What brought the biggest development in volunteering?
_____________________________________
29．If you are considering a new career, how can volunteering work help you?
_____________________________________
30．What does this passage mainly talk about?
_____________________________________
【答案】
26．No, it isn’t.
27．In the 19th century.
28．The Internet.
29．Volunteering can help us get experience in other areas and meet people in the field.
30．The history and benefits of volunteering.
【解析】本文主要介绍了志愿服务的历史发展以及带来的好处。
26．
根据“Today, the word is not so much connected with the military service, but with community service.”可知，今天，这个词与军队服务联系不大，而是与社区服务联系在一起。所以此处用否定回答。故填No, it isn’t.
27．
根据“Official （正式的）organized volunteering appeared in the 19th century”可知，官方组织的志愿活动出现在19世纪，故填In the 19th century.
28．
根据“And the biggest development in volunteering was brought by the Internet. ”可知，志愿服务活动最大的发展是互联网带来的。故填The Internet.
29．
根据“ If we are considering a new career, volunteering can help us get experience in other areas and meet people in the field.”可知，如果我们正在考虑一份新的职业，志愿服务可以帮助我们在其他领域获得经验，并结识该领域的人。故填Volunteering can help us get experience in other areas and meet people in the field.
30．
通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了志愿服务的历史发展及带来的好处。故填The history and benefits of volunteering.
（2022·北京平谷·二模）
Touch down to Earth

China welcomed three heroic astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu home on April 16. This return ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts’ six-month space mission. It also marks a major (重大的) breakthrough for China’s efforts in space.
In order to return home safety, they did a lot of preparation before leaving the space station.
If you are coming home after a long journey, you have to pack up. For astronauts in space, besides their personal belongings, they “packed” experimental data (数据) and samples, so they would be further researched on Earth.
The astronauts had to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo (货物) spacecraft, according to Zhong Weiwei, a researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Since the space station had no room service, the three astronauts needed to “clear the house” themselves. They collected a great amount of waste. This included leftover foods, sanitary (卫生) waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste was then put into the orbital module (轨道舱), which burnt up as it reentered Earth’s atmosphere.
They also had to put all equipment in place correctly since there would be a gap of more than one month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station, according to Zhong. They needed to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, were fixed to the walls to avoid floating and slipping (滑落).
Astronauts experienced microgravity for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, which had an effect on their bodies. This included a loss of fluid (体液) muscle atrophy (萎缩) as well as bone loss.
To ensure their safe and sound return, the three astronauts had been doing physical exercises to train their muscles for the return to Earth. Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts had customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them to ensure a safe landing.
Just like a house that will be vacant (空着的) for a long time must have it’s water and power switched off, astronauts checked everything before they left. Based on experience at home and abroad, they checked and adjusted 40 to 50 items to ensure that the space station could transmit valid parameters (参数) to the ground during subsequent unmanned missions.
31．When did the three astronauts return to earth safety?
________________________________________________________
32．What did they “pack” experimental data and samples for?
________________________________________________________
33．Where did they put the waste they collected?
________________________________________________________
34．How did experts help the three astronauts return?
________________________________________________________
35．What do you think of staying in space? Why do you think so?
________________________________________________________
【答案】
31．On April 16.
32．For that they could be further researched on Earth.
33．They put it into the orbital module.
34．They customized exercise plans for each of them.
35．I think it interesting. Because I can experience something different from staying on the Earth.
【解析】
本文主要介绍了宇航员在返回地面前需要做哪些工作。
31．
根据“China welcomed three heroic astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu home on April 16”可知，在4月16日安全回到地面，故填On April 16.
32．
根据“For astronauts in space, besides their personal belongings, they “packed” experimental data (数据) and samples, so they would be further researched on Earth”可知，为了可以在地球上进行进一步的研究，故填For that they could be further researched on Earth.
33．
根据“They collected a great amount of waste. This included leftover foods, sanitary (卫生) waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste was then put into the orbital module ”可知，把它放进了轨道舱，故填They put it into the orbital module.
34．
根据“Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts had customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them to ensure a safe landing”可知，专家们为他们每个人定制了运动计划，以确保安全着陆，故填They customized exercise plans for each of them.
35．
开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为I think it interesting. Because I can experience something different from staying on the Earth.
（2022·北京丰台·二模）
Exams play an important role in education and sometimes it is also the source of stress for many students. So it is important for students to learn how to deal with stress caused by the exam. Here are some useful ways.
Before the exam
l Study in conditions similar to your test room.
There is a phenomenon in psychology(心理学现象) called context-dependent memory. It refers to the idea that we are best able to remember things in environments similar to when the information was encoded(解码). If you are in a quiet room during your exam, try to simulate(模拟) those conditions while you are preparing for it.
l Manage your time wisely.
Do not just cram(临时死记硬背) for an exam at the last minute, because this will surely lead to exam stress. Break up your study time into chunks over days, or weeks even. If possible, try to study at around the same time of day as you will be taking the test, because in this way you will be similarly tired or awake when you study and when you take your test. You will get used to how you feel when dealing with your course material on your test day.
l Take frequent breaks.
According to psychology studies, the average human brain can only focus on one task effectively for about 45 minutes. In addition, research in neuroscience(神经科学) suggests that focusing on the same thing for too long weakens the brain’s ability to accurately process it.
During the exam
l Eat a proper exam day breakfast.
Without a proper breakfast your energy levels will quickly crash and may lead to stress and anxiety. Be sure to have a healthy, energy-packed breakfast on exam day. Try eating foods that provide long lasting energy, such as eggs or oats. Avoid foods that are high in sugar, which will give temporary energy but may cause you sleepy during the exam.
l Read instructions carefully.
Before answering any exam questions, figure out exactly what is expected of you. Skim the test to see its content and give yourself a rough(粗略的) idea of how long each question will take to complete. Ambiguity(不明确) can cause stress, so, by knowing how long the test is, you will reduce your stress.
l Avoid rushing.
Take your time going through the exam. If you get stuck in a question for a long time, instead of getting stressed about it, keep in mind that it is just one question on the exam. If possible, skip(跳过) that question and return to it at the end if you have time. Keep an eye on the clock and give yourself five to ten minutes to go over your answers to check for any mistakes or to guess on any questions that you initially skipped.
36．Why does the writer advise us to study at around the same time of day as we will be taking the test?
______________________________________________________________
37．How long can human brain focus on one task effectively?
______________________________________________________________
38．What kind of food should you have for breakfast on the exam day from the passage?
______________________________________________________________
39．What should you do if you get stuck in a question for a long time from the passage?
______________________________________________________________
40．What does the passage mainly talk about?
______________________________________________________________
【答案】
36．Because in this way you will be similarly tired or awake when you study and when you take your test. You will get used to how you feel when dealing with your course material on your test day.
37．For about 45 minutes.
38．Foods that provide long lasting energy, such as eggs or oats.
39．Instead of getting stressed about it, keep in mind that it is just one question on the exam.
40．Some useful ways to deal with stress caused by the exam.
【解析】本文就如何应对考试带来的压力提出了一些方法。
36．
根据“try to study at around the same time of day as you will be taking the test, because in this way you will be similarly tired or awake when you study and when you take your test. You will get used to how you feel when dealing with your course material on your test day.”可知，因为这样一来，当你学习和考试的时候，你同样会感到疲劳或清醒。你会习惯在考试当天处理课程材料时的感觉，故填Because in this way you will be similarly tired or awake when you study and when you take your test. You will get used to how you feel when dealing with your course material on your test day.
37．
根据“According to psychology studies, the average human brain can only focus on one task effectively for about 45 minutes.”可知，人类大脑平均只能有效地专注于一项任务约45分钟，故填For about 45 minutes.
38．
根据“Be sure to have a healthy, energy-packed breakfast on exam day. Try eating foods that provide long lasting energy, such as eggs or oats.”可知，要吃能提供持久能量的食物，如鸡蛋或燕麦，故填Foods that provide long lasting energy, such as eggs or oats.
39．
根据“If you get stuck in a question for a long time, instead of getting stressed about it, keep in mind that it is just one question on the exam.”可知，如果你在一个问题上卡了很长时间，不要为此感到压力，要记住这只是考试中的一个问题，可以先跳过，故填Instead of getting stressed about it, keep in mind that it is just one question on the exam.
40．
根据“Exams play an important role in education and sometimes it is also the source of stress for many students. So it is important for students to learn how to deal with stress caused by the exam. Here are some useful ways.”以及整个文章的理解可知，本文主要是介绍如何应对考试带来的压力的一些方法，故填Some useful ways to deal with stress caused by the exam.