(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions (含答案)，共12页。





Ⅰ.认阅读单词
1．mansion n．公馆；宅第
2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
3．philosophy n．哲学
4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
5．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
6．Achilles’ heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
7．kingdom n．王国；领域
8．currency n．通货；货币
9．military adj.军事的；军用的
10．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
11．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
12．courtyard n．庭院；院子
13．cattle n．牛
14．scent n．气味；气息
15．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
16．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的
17．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁
18．Wales威尔士(英国)
19．Scotland苏格兰(英国)
20．Northern Ireland北爱尔兰(英国)
21．Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
22．Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
the Normans诺曼人
23．Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
24．Irish adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．Confucius n．孔子
2．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人
3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
5．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
6．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
7．port n．港口(城市)
8．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
9．amount n．金额；数量
10．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
11．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
12．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
13．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
14．honey n．蜂蜜
15．position n．位置；姿态；职位
16．snack n．点心；小吃
17．county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
18．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
19．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
20．dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
21．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
22．ocean n．大海；海洋
23．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
24．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
25．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
2．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物，财产
3．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
4．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的→legally adv.法律上地
5．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境
6．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
7．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
8．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→located adj.坐落于；位于
9．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
10．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员
11．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n．慷慨；大方
12．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness n．热切；渴望
13．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称)
14．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候；致意
15．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关
16．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工
17．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong to属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
6．add...to...把……添加到……中
7．refer to谈到；查阅；指的是
8．take over接收；接管
9．leave behind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留
10．have a great influence on对……有极大影响

1．carpenter n．木匠
2．casual adj.随意的；不定期的
3．cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的
4．ceremony n．仪式；典礼
5．certificate n．证明；证明书
6．challenging adj.具有挑战性的
7．changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的
8．characteristic adj.典型的；特有的 n．特征；特点

1．The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.(what引导的宾语从句)
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。
2．So what is the difference between them，if any？(if的省略结构)
如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？
3．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
4．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.(have sth.done)
他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。
5．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(if引导的条件状语从句)
如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。
6．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with的复合结构)
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
7．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.(It is＋adj.＋that...)
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

When studying in the United Kingdom，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales，Scotland and Ireland 1.joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it.The four countries 2.belonging to the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much evidence that showed the Romans，the Vikings as well as the Normans invaded and conquered the Great Britain，leaving their so-called achievements and influenced the names of locations and vocabulary.There were many fascinating places，so I had to keep my eyes open.Later I traveled to Ireland where I found myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery in which I was 3.surrounded with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 4.greeted with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which 5.charged a small amount of money for their service.Once I talked about their customs with a crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy，poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors’ chief achievements.They were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth-watering stew.The journey is so striking that I’m 6.eager to go there again.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
surround vt.包围；围绕(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．环境)
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围

(1)The surrounding (surround) fascinating landscape nearly took my breath away.
(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信)
Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings?
(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.
charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 n．收费；指控；主管
•charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.money for sth.因某事/物收某人钱
charge at向……发起冲锋，扑向
•free of charge＝for free免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
take charge of掌管(表动作)
in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责

(1)We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you with abuse of power.
(2)The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money for wine and beer.
(3)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(议论文写作)
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free.
(4)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写)
Opening its bloody mouth，the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，charged at me and was about to eat me up in one gulp.
(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)
I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.
amount n．金额；数量 v．总计，共计；相当于，等于
•the amount of...……的数量
“大量/少量的”表达：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
•amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于

(1)Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter were(be) used to make this kind of snack.
(2)A large amount of money was(be) spent on the construction of the school last year.
(3)青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。
The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year，which gradually ruins their health.
(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)
In order to keep healthy，a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary.
(5)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)
The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family.
approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
•an approach to (doing) sth.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近
at the approach of在快到……的时候
•be approaching正在/将要接近
with...approaching在……快到的时候
approach sth./sb.接近某物/某人
(1)With the Spring Festival approaching(approach)，we became more and more excited.
(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是为我们提供不同的解决困难的方法。
(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
The person I respect most is my headteacher who always offers us different approaches to handling our difficulties.
(3)随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之心理描写)(with的复合结构)
With the bus approaching Brunswick，Vingo shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles.
(4)简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作链描写)
Jane got to her feet shakily，approached her husband and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.
eager adj.渴望的；热切的(eagerly adv.热心地；急切地eagerness n．热切；渴望)
•be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
•with eagerness热切地；急切地
hide one’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望

(1)I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and wanted to know the truth with eagerness(eager)．
(2)As soon as we came to the new city，we found ourselves eager to have(have) a taste of local snacks.
(3)The young man was eager for a good position in that company after he graduated.
(4)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn’t hide his eagerness.
break away(from sb./sth.)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂
break down垮掉；分解；出故障
break into破门而入
break in破门而入；打断；插话
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发

用break短语的适当形式填空
(1)My dog suddenly broke away from me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(读后续写之动作链描写)
(2)Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to break up our marriage.
(3)Finally I broke down，shedding tears with my face covered.(读后续写之心理描写)
(4)When I got home，I found my house broken into and some money stolen.
(5)He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out.
belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分[belong vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来 belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产]
a sense of belonging归属感
注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。

(1)Having sold most of his belongings(belong)，the poet almost had nothing left in the house.
(2)The pub belonging(belong) to me is being decorated now.
(3)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。
It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates that I feel a sense of belonging.

as well as同(一样也)；和；还
•as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
•用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。

(1)Your wife as well as you is(be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful.
(2)As well as eating(eat) a five-course meal，they drank seven bottles of wine.
(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(2020·天津，书面表达)
Our headteacher as well as five student representatives was invited to deliver a speech at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：
•with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
•with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
•with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
•with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.

(1)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用with的复合结构改写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)
(2)随着时间的推移，我能够分辨善恶了。
With time going by，I can distinguish between good and evil.
(3)有如此多的工作要做，我焦虑不堪，难以入眠。
With so much work to do，I was so anxious that I had trouble sleeping.
(4)完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)
With all the preparations made，he jumped with joy，his eyes glittering with excitement.
　 So what is the difference between them，if any？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any...。
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话

(1)如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少，我好做准备。
Please let me know how many people are coming，if any，so that I can make preparations.
(2)如果是这样的话，就没有什么可遗憾的了。
If so，there is nothing to regret.
(3)如果可能的话，请提前告诉我你所需要的东西。
If possible，please tell me what you need in advance.
(4)If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→If necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．charge


(1)The young man was charged with abusing drugs. B
(2)My father took charge of the company five years ago. A
(3)Have you got your phone charged？It was powered off just now. D
(4)Luckily，the wolf didn’t charge again after I used wolf spray. E
(5)The old man charged me 10 dollars for a bottle of honey. C
2．approach
A.vt.& vi.靠近；临近　B.vt.与……商量
C.vt.处理　D.n.方法；途径

(1)The students approach their teacher for advice. B
(2)She decided to adopt a different approach to the problem. D
(3)As the summer break is approaching，I will be free for almost three months. A
(4)What’s the best way to approach this problem？ C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)I am writing to apply for the position of Chief Editor.职位
(2)After reading the book，you must put it where it belongs.应在(某处)
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．A province attempted to break away from the country，which accounted for why the president was upset.
2．The identity card doesn’t belong to me，though the picture looks particularly similar to me.
3．As well as telling(tell) interesting stories，the author gave some tips to protect our privacy.
4．Surrounded(surround) by familiar colleagues，he felt a strong sense of belonging.
5．Charged with copying other poets’ poems，the poet was fined.
6．The only approach to solving(solve) the problem is discussing it at the conference.
7．I am eager to keep(keep) myself updated with the latest news by surfing the Internet.
8．The supermarket was crowded with people who wanted to buy goods at a discount.
9．It is announced(announce) that the blog posted by the troll contains much false information.
10．Seeing the poet made the girl excited.She still remembered the guidelines given(give) by him.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(参考词汇：新冠COVID-19；感染affect；传染的infectious；抗击battle against)
话题写作——武汉抗击新冠疫情
1．在2020年初，武汉的医生们对他们的发现感到震惊——很多人感染了一种传染性疾病。(what引导宾语从句)
At the beginning of 2020，doctors in Wuhan were shocked at what they found—many people were affected with an infectious disease.
2．当得知武汉需要援助时，许多医护人员热切地冒着生命危险前往武汉。(be eager to do)
When knowing Wuhan was in need of help，many medical workers were eager to go to Wuhan at the risk of their lives.
3．他们夜以继日地工作，采用了各种救助感染新冠的病人的方法。(approach；过去分词短语作后置定语)
They worked day and night，adopting various approaches to saving the patients infected with COVID-19.
4．由于采取了许多有效措施，武汉重新开始了呼吸。(with的复合结构)
With many effective measures taken，Wuhan began to breathe again.
5．医生和普通老百姓都尽自己的最大努力抗击疫情，所以中国恢复得如此之快也就不足为奇了。(as well as；it is not surprising that...)
Doctors as well as the common people tried their best to battle against the epidemic，so it was not surprising that China recovered so soon.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地
puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
2．动作描写
conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
battle vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 n．战役；搏斗
charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲
approach vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
greet vt.问候；迎接
defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫
crowd vt.挤满；使……拥挤
break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．环境描写
landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
scent n．气味；气息
dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
ocean n．大海；海洋
belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境
location n．地方；地点；位置→located adj.坐落于；位于
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
随着我们靠近群山围绕的宿营地，我们难以抑制心中的兴奋。一到达宿营地，妈妈就立即打开车门，冲了出去，热切地催促我们搭帐篷。绿树连绵起伏，各色野花点缀其中，周围迷人的风景堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。我们沐浴着阳光，呼吸着鲜花甜美的芬芳。鸟儿在欢快地歌唱，好像在热情地迎接我们。我的家人惬意地聊着天，过去美好的记忆涌上我们心头。
As we approached the camping site surrounded by mountains，we had difficulty containing our excitement.On reaching it，my mom opened the door immediately，charged outside and eagerly urged us to put up the tent.The surrounding fascinating landscape was a true feast for our eyes，with its rolling green trees dotted with various wild flowers.We were bathed in the sun and breathed in the sweet scent of fresh flowers.Birds were singing happily as if they were warmly greeting us.My family chatted comfortably，sweet memories of the past crowding in on us.