(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意

2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境

3．moral dilemma道德困境

4．entrust vt.委托；交付

5．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生

6．resident physician住院医师

7．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园

8．insurance n．保险；保险业

9．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进

10．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播

11．pole n．(行星的)极；地极

12．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈

13．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆

14．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的

15．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具

16．maple n．枫树；槭树

17．cart n．手推车；运货马车

18．might n．力量；威力

19．fable n．寓言；寓言故事

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质

2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的

3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的

4．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课

5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬

6．union n．协会；联合会；工会

7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用

8．colleague n．同事；同僚

9．clinic n．诊所；门诊部

10．faraway adj.遥远的

11．decade n．十年；十年期

12．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处

13．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版

14．staff n．员工；全体职员

15．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则

16．passive adj.被动的；顺从的

17．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传

18．midnight n．子夜；午夜

19．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤

20．lip n．嘴唇

21．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长

22．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条

23．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者

24．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出

25．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走

26．tear n．眼泪

27．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望

28．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭

29．income n．收入；收益

30．per prep.每；每一

31．therefore adv.因此；所以

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．插图；图解；图示→illustrator n．插图画家

2．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶

3．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程

4．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉

5．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复

6．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者

7．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决

8．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的

9．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选

10．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向

11．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的

12．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄

13．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的

14．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高

15．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量

16．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物

17．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地

18．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；话务员；经营者

19．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助

20．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆

21．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的

22．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性

23．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关

2．tuition fees学费

3．tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事

4．first aid急救

5．pass away去世

6．in memory of作为对……的纪念

7．trip over被……绊倒

8．in tears流着泪；含着泪

9．in despair处于绝望中

10．a great deal (of)大量

1．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的

2．condemn vt.谴责；使注定

3．conflict vt.冲突；斗争

4．conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的

5．consequence n．结果；后果

6．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的

7．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的

8．consistent adj.一贯的；一致的

1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)

对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……

2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do)

她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。

3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)

虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。

4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until)

林医生直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天才退休。

5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)

如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 2.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)．Li Hua became 3.scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in 4.despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 5.more precious than life? How can you 6.reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 7.was replaced with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by her colleagues quickly.Soon，she was able to perform operations in a wonderful way.A decade later，she was appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

respond vt.回答；回复 vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应 (response n．回答，答复；反应)

(1)She made no response(respond)to the principle，which made me boil with anger.

(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。

In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises.

(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)

Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.

appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)

(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the appointment(appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.

(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)

Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you.

(3)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)

I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time.

scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)

(1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.

(2)Some parents try to scare their ill-behaved children into behaving(behave) well.

(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江，读后续写)

When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.

(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)

I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my father’s cloudy face.

assist vt.帮助；协助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；协助 assistant n．助手；助理)

(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching assistant(assist)．

(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)

In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.

(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles.

harm n．& v．伤害；损害；危害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)

(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.

(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙)

Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health.Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it.

a great/good deal of许多的；大量的

(1)The thief ran a great deal faster(fast) than the policeman but at last he  didn’t escape being caught.

(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。

He spent a great/good deal of time with the poor families，and he learned a great/good deal from the experience.

　 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……

(1)还有什么比帮助别人更有意义的事吗？(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

Is there anything that is more meaningful than assisting others?

(2)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。

(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly.

She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。

(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.

(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

John was  the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.

(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)

I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am  the best person to be responsible for the job.

(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。

I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．sharp

(1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes.  B 

(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.  A 

(3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.  E 

(4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8∶00 sharp the next morning.  D 

(5)All the footprints are quite sharp and clear.  F 

(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes.  C 

2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)He tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾

(2)The operation of this machine seems to be simple but in fact it isn’t.操作

(3)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.寓意

(4)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court. 球场

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.

2．The majority(major) of students show great respect for their teachers.

3．His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding.

4．We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.

5．The boys set off firecrackers to scare the monkeys into running away.

6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.

7. After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weakness to do harm to them.

8．To his surprise，he found a great deal of money in the envelope.

9．Some festivals are held in memory of the ancestors.

10．I have never experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

感谢信——感激被任命为学生会主席

1．感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)

Thank you for appointing me (to be/as) chairman of the Student Union.

2．我将是第一个帮助那些有困难的同学解决他们困境的人。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do；assist sb.to do)

I will be the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas.

3．我将耐心回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地提供许多实用的建议。(respond to；a great deal of)

I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.

4．我不害怕面对各种困难。(be scared to do)

I am not scared to face various hardships.

5．通过我巨大的努力，我相信没人比我是更负责、更称职的主席了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)

Through my great efforts，I believe nobody can be a more responsible and qualified chairman than me.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

passive adj.被动的；顺从的

despair n．绝望

complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉

scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的

tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑

in tears流着泪；含着泪

2．动作描写

faint vi.昏倒；晕厥

whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传

replace vt.接替；取代；更换

assist vt.帮助；援助

carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关

tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；照料

trip over被……绊倒

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。她永远失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨和自怜的世界中。她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。她柔声低语道，“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮我渡过了难关。”

Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever，throwing her into a world of anger，despair，complaint and self-pity.All day long she frowned，grieved and was bathed in tears，feeling as if a knife were piercing her heart.Her husband，Mark，tended (to) her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually，Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.It is you that carry me through the tough situation.”