(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．fortune cookie幸运曲奇

2．gumbo n．秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)

3．nachos n．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片

4．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片

5．cheese n．干酪；奶酪

6．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的

7．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的

8．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画

9．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的

10．china n．瓷；瓷器

11．jazz n．爵士乐

12．bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子

13．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图

14．Atlantic adj.大西洋的

15．jeans n．牛仔裤

16．boot n．靴子

17．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈

18．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件

19．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品

20．tai chi n．太极拳

21．herbal adj.药草的；香草的

22．California加利福尼亚(美国州名)

23．Huangguoshu Waterfall黄果树瀑布

24．Journey to the West 《西游记》

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．definitely adv.肯定；确实

2．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心

3．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命

4．district n．地区；区域

5．afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来

6．seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求

7．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物

8．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言

9．series n．一系列；连续；接连

10．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱

11．super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的

12．percentage n．百分比

13．climate n．气候

14．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的

15．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的

16．clothing n．衣服；服装

17．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)

18．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性

2．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地

3．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费

4．occur vi.发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；发生的事

5．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的

6．earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earning n．收入；收益

7．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨→immigrate vi.移入；自外国移入→immigration n．移居入境；移民

8．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的

9．minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.次要的；较小的

10．financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→financially adv.金融上地；财政上地→finance n．财政，金融

11．poetry n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌

12．poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害

13．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→unfold vt.打开；展开

14．collection n．作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.搜集；收藏

15．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→settlement n．解决；定居→settler n．殖民者；移居者

16．construction n．建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建设；建造

17．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装→suitable adj.合适的；适当的→suitably adv.合适地

18．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→container n．容器

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．head to(朝……)前进；(向……)去

2．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界

3．earn a living谋生

4．series of一系列或一连串(事件)

5．apart from(especially NAmE aside from)除了……外(还)；此外

6．bring about导致；引起

7．to name but a few仅举几例

8．(at) first hand第一手；亲自

9．used to do sth.过去常常做某事

10．turn into变成

1．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量

2．contradictory adj.矛盾的；反对的

3．conventional adj.传统的；因循守旧的

4．convey vt.表达；传达

5．controversial adj.有争议的；引起争议的

6．conversation n．谈话；交谈

7．corporation n．公司，法人

8．correspond vi.一致；通信

1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(what引导的感叹句)

这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。

2．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills，...(独立主格结构)

有众多美丽的古建筑——好多都坐落于大山之巅，……

3．To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.(不定式作目的状语)

为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开设了商店和餐馆。

4．The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.(how引导的宾语从句)

这家博物馆完美地展示了美国是如何由来自不同国家和文化的移民建设起来的。

5．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导的主语从句)

早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。

6．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)

唐人街的居民中大多数还是华人，他们中的许多人都不会说流利的英语。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

I had always been attracted to ethnic cultures.So wearing my jeans and boots，I went to Dali，Yunnan Province，which is a district of diverse minorities and has a mild climate.It would be a 1.definitely super experience.In fact，at first，I thought there would be a large percentage of 2.constructions made of primitive materials due to financial difficulty.However，it turned out that the downtown area 3.contained neat bars in which jazz was played and shops where special clothing，accessories and souvenirs，china，to name but a few were for sale.Tourists can always select what suits them best.Many people are immigrants from other places.Some come to 4.seek their fortune or earn a living while others 5.settle down to escape from the cold north of China.Afterwards，I 6.headed to a neighborhood where the Bai ethnic group lived.I had the fortune to participate in a series of activities，including identifying poisonous mushrooms，learning about herbal medicine，and 7.collecting items unique to the Bai.Apart from this，I tasted really spicy local food.I experienced the culture first hand and wrote journals every day.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运 [fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)]

(1)Many immigrants headed to California to seek their fortune(fortunate) but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.

(2)他决定到市区去碰碰运气，看看能不能发财。他有幸得到了市长的帮助，并且幸运地成功开办了自己的公司。

He decided to seek/try his fortune downtown to see if/whether he could make a fortune.He had the fortune to/was fortunate to get the help of the mayor and successfully started his own business fortunately/luckily.

admit v．承认；准许进入(或加入)；接纳；可容纳 (admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费)

(1)It is said that admission(admit) to the concert is ￡5 and as a result，I determine to enjoy it.

(2) Afterwards，he had to admit putting/having put(put) some poisonous mushrooms in the soup.

(3)得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)

Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you.

(4)即将到来的汉语演讲比赛被认为是外国人提高汉语口语的好机会。

(2020·1月浙江，应用文写作)

The upcoming Chinese speech contest is admitted to be a good chance for foreigners to improve their oral Chinese.

occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现

(1)A good idea occurred to me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs after the mission.

(2)妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。

It occurred to/struck/hit Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.

用法点拨　①occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。②表示“某人突然想到……”的常用句型还有：It strikes sb.that.../It hits sb.that...

escape v．逃脱；逃走；泄漏；避开；被忘掉 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱

(1)Only a minority of students want to escape taking(take) the responsibility for their own behavior.

(2)It was claimed that a prisoner had escaped from the prison，which shocked the public.

(3)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。

(2020·7月浙江，读后续写)

At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.

settle vi.定居；安家 vt.使定居；(使)平静下来；安排；解决 (settlement n．定居点；协议；解决settler n．移居者；殖民者)

(1)得知你每天有许多的问题要解决，我建议你开始认真考虑哪个问题是最紧急的。(应用文写作之建议信)

Learning that you have so many problems to settle every day，I suggest that you (should) settle down to considering which one is the most urgent.

(2)他们冲下车，搭起帐篷，舒适地坐在草地上，欣赏着周围惊人的景象。(读后续写之动作链描写)

They dashed out of the car，put up the tent and settled down on the grass，enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights.

bring about引起；导致

用bring短语的适当形式填空

(1)I don’t clearly remember who brought up the question but remember it definitely brought about a heated discussion.

(2)The reason why diverse goods are sold at such a low price is that the manufacturers are willing to bring down the price in return for big volume purchases.

(3)The picture often brings back to me series of happy memories of my high school days.

(4)The idea he brought up two months ago has brought in a lot more money for the company.

(5)As a teacher，I have the fortune to bring out the best in my students.

There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills，...有众多美丽的古建筑——好多都坐落于大山之巅，……

(1)我紧张地看着爸爸，双腿颤抖着，心狂跳着。(n.＋v.-ing)(读后续写之心理描写)

I looked at my father nervously，my legs trembling and my heart beating wildly.

(2)买了她想要的所有东西后，她高兴地回家了，她那只可爱的小狗跟在身后。(n.＋v.-ed)

All the things she wanted bought，she returned home happily，followed by her lovely dog.

(3)暑假结束了，我们兴奋地返回了学校。(n.＋adv.)

The summer vacation over，we returned to school excitedly.

　 What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。

(1)让我印象最为深刻的是她独特的教学方法。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)

What impressed me most was her unique teaching method.

(2)一个新体育馆在曾经的荒地上建了起来。

A new stadium was built on what used to be a wasteland.

(3)你应该关注的是整个句子而不是每一个单词的意思。(应用文写作之建议信)

What you should focus on is the meaning of the whole sentence rather than every single word.

(4)关键问题是我们对在线学习应持有什么样的态度。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)

The key problem is what kind of attitude we should hold to online learning.

(5)我们不知道我们应该做些什么来使我们抑郁的爱犬高兴起来。(2020·1月浙江，读后续写)

We had no idea what we should do to cheer our gloomy beloved pet dog up.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．settle

(1)After years of travel，we decided to settle in London.  C 

(2)With the difficult problem settled，he went to the cinema with his friends.  A 

(3)I tried to settle the crying baby down，but in vain.  B 

2．claim

(1)Heart disease is the biggest killer，claiming 180,000 lives per year.  E 

(2)It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.  A 

(3)You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.  B 

(4)He repeatedly pushed forward his own claim.  C 

(5)If the owner doesn’t claim the dog in 48 hours，you can apply for adoption.  D 

3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)She looks familiar，but her name escapes me.被忘掉

(2)My father could hardly contain his pride in me.控制；抑制

(3)It is no surprising that he earned praise for his honesty.赢得；博得

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．When it comes to earning a living，I must make a proper selection(select)．

2．Jim was bitten by a dog in the park.Fortunately(fortune)，he only got slightly injured.

3．My colleague admitted complaining/having complained(complain) a great deal about income.

4．The manager was determined to settle down in the countryside to relieve his tension.

5．I bought a  collection(collect) of short stories，which completely suited my taste.

6．The physician wanted to escape taking(take) responsibility for the medical malpractice.

7．Apart from being(be) fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.

8．Your jeans are not suitable(suit) for such a formal occasion，so you’d better replace it with a suit.

9．The boy tripped over，the container containing(contain) milk crashed，the milk spilt everywhere，and he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself.

10．It suddenly occurred to me that I had missed the appointed time.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

(2020·全国Ⅱ)——报道采摘活动

1．为了丰富学生们的生活，我校组织我们到红星农场摘苹果。(不定式作目的状语)

In order to enrich students’ life，our school organized us to pick apples on Hongxing Farm.

2．我们早晨7点向农场出发，一路讨论着如何能够更快速地摘苹果。 (how引导的宾语从句)

We set off for the farm at 7 am，discussing about how we could pick apples more quickly.

3．大多数同学没有见过农场，开始四处探索。(“代词/名词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)

Students，most of whom hadn’t seen a farm，began to explore everywhere.

4．然而，最让我们兴奋的还是摘苹果。(what引导的主语从句)

However，what excited us most was picking apples.

5．这次活动如此成功，我们希望将来可以组织更多这样有意义的活动。(独立主格结构)

This activity being so successful，we hope that more meaningful events like this can be organized in the future.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地

mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的

2．动作描写

seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求

claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言

escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱

occur vi.发生；出现

select vt.选择；挑选；选拔

settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)

contain vt.包含；含有；容纳

head to(朝……)前进；(向……)去

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

我姐姐和我向Old Man Donovan的水果农场走去，试图“摘”些苹果。正在那时，低沉粗哑的声音传来。我们没有从农场逃跑的机会。他没有责备我们，而是给我们挑选了几个苹果。几个月后，Old Man Donovan发生了不好的事情。他不幸地从苹果树上摔下来失去了生命。一听到这个坏消息，我们不能控制我们的情绪，伤心的泪水像断了线的珠子一样落下来。

My sister and I headed to Old Man Donovan’s fruit farm，seeking to “pick” some apples.At that time，a gruff，low voice came.We had no chance to escape from the farm.He didn’t blame us and instead selected several apples for us.Several months later，something bad occurred to Old Man Donovan and unfortunately，his falling from the apple tree claimed his life.On hearing the bad news，we couldn’t contain our emotions，tears of sadness running down our faces like a broken string of pearls.