(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利

2．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的

3．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的

4．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定

5．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓

6．ladder n．梯子；阶梯

7．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管

8．rumour n．谣言；传闻

9．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设

10．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价

11．gramme (NAmE gram)n.克(重量单位)

12．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)

13．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的

14．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施

15．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆

16．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组

17．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)

18．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧

19．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的

20．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息

21．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃

22．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛

23．stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷

24．overstatement n．夸大；夸张

25．Isaac Asimov 艾萨克·阿西莫夫

26．Braille (also braille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号)

27．The Three-Body Problem《三体》

28．Hugo Award 雨果奖

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事

2．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好

3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严

4．salary n．薪水；薪金

5．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员

6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除

7．weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊

8．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长

9．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉

10．salesman n．售货员；推销员

11．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的

12．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作

13．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套

14．backwards (NAmE backward)adv.向后；倒着；往回

15．niece n．侄女；外甥女

16．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来

17．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾

18．lamp n．灯；台灯

19．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏

20．random adj.随机的；不可思议的

21．maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定

2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过

3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明

4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算

5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊

6．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享

7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的

8．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增

9．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．science fiction(informal sci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)

2．test out检验；测试

3．more like更像是；更接近

4．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)

5．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对

6．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹

7．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

8．conflict with与……冲突或抵触

9．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

10．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失

11．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事

1．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物

2．nationwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的

3．negotiate vi.谈判；商议

4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区

5．normal n．& adj.正常的(状态)

6．nutrition n．营养；营养品

7．obtain vt.得到

8．occupation n．职业；占有

1．On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)

第二天早晨，托尼给克莱尔端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。

2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(more than...不仅仅……)

她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。

3．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.(feel like...感觉像……)

这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。

4．So long as I travelled at maximum speed，it didn’t matter.(so long as引导条件状语从句)

只要我全速行进就不会有问题。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

My niece，Jane，laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an 1.appointment as the chairwoman.She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she was full of integrity and dignity.She exactly calculated the staff’s salaries and rewarded the best ones with a 2.bonus.Most of the staff were modest，whereas one salesman，Jack,3.declared that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements，such as science fictions，ladders，flour，leathers，levers of various panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud.In his view，he was superior to others，so he had an urge to take over the position of sales manager.It turned out that he often conflicted with others.Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made her explode with anger.Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons.Otherwise，his job would be suspended.Jack felt so 4.guilty about his ridiculous behavior that tears blurred his eyes.He promised to apologize to all the staff at a meeting on a weekly basis to remove the 5.division between him and his colleagues.He would share what he gripped from that day on.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)

(1)She had feelings of guilt(guilty) about leaving her children and going to work.

(2)I felt guilty for/at/about my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.

(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(读后续写之愧疚心理描写)

①“But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said，and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks.(并列句)

②“But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks.(独立主格结构)

urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的)

(1)The salesman didn’t work yesterday because he had some urgent(urge) things to handle.

(2)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。

①Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.(urge sb.to do sth.)

②Parents should actively urge that their children (should) take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.(urge that...)

(3)我渴望减肥，因此，我绝不在两餐之间吃零食。

I have an urge to lose weight，so I will never snack between meals.

take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

用take短语的适当形式填空

After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would take off soon.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would take on a new look in the near future.

turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

(1)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。

All the candidates must turn in the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline.

(2)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。

With so many difficult math problems to handle，I must turn to my teacher for help.

(3)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。

You had better turn up punctually or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.

　She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。

(1)写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思

①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger.多于；超过

②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常

③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅

(2)I would be more than delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join in my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party.The party is more than for fun(派对不仅仅是为了玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.(应用文写作之邀请信)

　 It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.

这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。

(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他脸上的笑容灿烂得如钻石一样闪闪发光。

When he heard us talking about the colorful life，the smile on his face shone like a diamond.

(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。

It murmured in a soft voice like a little girl whispering to her mother.

(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。

Tom was as sick as a dog，and couldn’t go to the party.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．dismiss

(1)The class was dismissed early today.  B 

(2)He was dismissed from his job for inaction and incompetence.  C 

(3)I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss his fears from his mind.  A 

2．turn out

(1)He turned out to be guilty for his mean words and tears of regret blurred his eyes.  C 

(2)Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.  D 

(3)The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.  A 

(4)The factory is expected to turn out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.  B 

3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals.强烈的欲望

(2)His son lied to him by design and he exploded with anger.(感情的)爆发

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．To my great sorrow，my girlfriend didn’t turn up at the appointed(appoint) time.

2．My mind went blank and I felt guilty(guilt) about not answering the question correctly.

3．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be dismissed(dismiss) before the deadline—June 10.

4．They recite Tang poems on a regular basis and thus，they are good at Chinese.

5．This country declared war on four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions.

6．He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an explosion(explode) of applause came out of the audience.

7．Of the two formats，I think this one is superior to the other one.

8．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them.

9．As a science student，I never felt an urge to appreciate(appreciate) any literary works.

10．He picked up a handkerchief at random and handed it to this innocent girl to wipe her tears.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

建议信——参加中国戏剧知识竞赛

1．得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(more than)

I’m more than glad to learn that you will take part in the Chinese drama knowledge competition.

2．这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here位于句首的全部倒装句)

Here are my tips on how to prepare for it.

3．首先，提前多了解一些中国现代戏剧证明是非常有益的。(turn out)

First of all，learning more about modern Chinese drama in advance turns out to be quite beneficial.

4．第二，你对戏剧的深刻理解取决于你是否经常和其他参与者交换想法。(whether引导的宾语从句)

Secondly，your deep understanding of the drama depends on/upon whether you exchange (your) ideas with other participants regularly.

5．最后，如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。(feel like)

Finally，if you feel like you are the characters in the drama，you will find it easy to memorize the drama knowledge.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷→stunned adj.目瞪口呆的

guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚

urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动

2．动作描写

pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏

declare vt.表明；宣称；公布

blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊

explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增

conflict with与……冲突或抵触

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

当我得知我儿子和他的同学发生冲突时，我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕以至于他站在那里一动不动，泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道我的儿子不该受责备后，我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。我渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去，敲门，然后大步走进去，宣布道我不会再像这样对待他了。

When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate，I exploded with anger.So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot，tears blurring his eyes.After knowing that my son was not to blame，I paced around the room guiltily.I had a strong urge to gain my son’s forgiveness.I headed for my son’s bedroom，knocked at the door and strode into the room，declaring that I wouldn’t treat him like this again.