(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．jam n．果酱；堵塞

2．clay n．黏土；陶土

3．weed n．杂草；野草 vt.& vi.除杂草

4．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片

5．washroom n．洗手间；厕所

6．bubble vi.起泡；沸腾

7．tube n．管子；管状物

8．circus n．马戏团

9．jaw n．颌；下巴

10．hut n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)

11．fireplace n．壁炉

12．saucer n．茶碟；杯托

13．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶

14．pan n．平底锅；烤盘

15．jar n．罐子；坛子

16．grill n．烤架；烤肉餐馆

17．doorway n．门口；出入口；门道

18．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的 n．吃剩的食物；遗留物

19．handshake n．握手

20．plug vt.封堵；补足 n．堵塞物；插头；插座

21．tune n．曲调；曲子 vt.调音；调节；调频道

22．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约

23．cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的

24．circuit n．巡回；环形线路

25．relay vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人

26．hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的

27．Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚(国家名)

28．Ghana 加纳(国家名)

29．Congo 刚果(国家名)

30．Panama 巴拿马(国家名)

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．parcel n．包裹 vt.裹好；打包

2．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政 vt.邮寄；发电邮给

3．secondary adj.中学的；次要的

4．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团 vt.合唱；齐声说

5．cotton n．棉布；棉花

6．uniform n．校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的

7．rigid adj.死板的；固执的

8．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分

9．wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹

10．forehead n．额；前额

11．housing n．住房；住宅

12．platform n．平台；站台；舞台

13．drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动

14．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权

15．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去；顺从

16．lately adv.最近；不久前；近来

17．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入

18．grant vt.同意；准许 n．拨款

19．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则

20．pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．dust n．沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的

2．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→rub vt.& vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓

3．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的

4．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟

5．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能

6．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受→deserving adj.值得的；应得的

7．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问

8．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声

2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说

3．take for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视

4．relay to 转达给……；转发给……

5．pray that 但愿

6．be dying to do sth.渴望做某事

7．adapt to适应

8．the other day前几天

9．shake hands with sb.和某人握手

10．participate in参与；参加

1．promote vt.促进；提升

2．punctual adj.准时的；守时的

3．queue n．& vi.队列；排队

4．rainfall n．降雨；降雨量

5．reasonable adj.合乎情理的

6．reflect vt.反映；反射

7．register v．登记；注册 n．登记表；注册簿

8．resemble vt.类似；像

1．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.(It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间)

沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。

2．There is no equipment，and since there isn’t even a washroom，if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin！(since引导原因状语从句)

这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！

3．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！(be doing...when...正在做……这时……)

几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！

4．To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.(doubt whether...)

说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来不同。

5．Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.(部分倒装)

现在，有了医院，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了帮助，而且周边国家的人们也因此受益。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

Lately I have resigned from my present job and signed a contract with a secondary school for the disabled in a remote village.At first my parents opposed my decision，but now they are singing a different 1.tune.For me，it is a 2.privilege to teach in the school.Every day I am greeted by a chorus of “good morning”．The dusty clay huts act as classrooms，whose doorways are very narrow and there are no rubbers，tubes for chemical experiments or platforms.With the campus full of weeds，there are no washrooms.Students don’t wear cotton 3.uniforms.All the students’ housing is quite simple.The only possessions are saucers，fireplaces，kettles，pans，jars and grills，not to mention 4.tablets and other modern devices that we take for granted.They eat ripe rice and they even don’t throw away leftovers.In my spare time，I do a 5.circuit of the villages to help those with disabilities and provide them with consultation.I want to relay to people that the disabled need help and I 6.pray that more and more people can be volunteers.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

drag vt.拖；拉；扯 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动

(1)The chemist with a wrinkled face dragged(drag) the dusty parcel from under the bed and unfolded it.

(2)这位父亲站起来，盯着大儿子的眼睛，把手窝成杯状托住儿子的脸。

The father stood up，gazed in the eyes of his oldest son and cupped his hands over his son’s face.

(3)汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。(读后续写之动作链描写)

Tom opened the car door，dragged the driver out and sent him to the police station.

privilege n．特权；特别优待；优惠待遇 v．给予特权；特别优待(privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的)

(1)I take it for granted that I have the privilege to enter(enter) the lab at my will.

(2)在这儿做有关如何保护环境的演讲，我倍感荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)

I am greatly privileged to/It is a great privilege for me to deliver a speech on how to protect the environment here.

deserve vi.& vt.应受；应得；值得(deserving adj.值得的；应得的)

(1)The money saved could be used for more deserving(deserve) causes.

(2)面对新冠疫情的爆发，我姑姑毫不犹豫地前往武汉，在那里，她帮助挽救了成百上千的生命。因此，我姑姑值得尊敬。

Faced with the outbreak of COVID­19，my aunt went to Wuhan without hesitation，where she helped to save hundreds of lives.So my aunt deserves respect/respecting/to be respected.

take...for granted认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视

(1)我们总是一厢情愿地认为地球可以提供给我们无穷无尽的自然资源，因此我们过度开发资源。

We always take it for granted that the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources，so we overdevelop the resources.

(2)上个月我负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学征求意见的机会，因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为骄傲。

When I took charge of the speech activity last month，I took it seriously.I took advantage of every chance to ask my classmates for their opinions so that I organized the activity perfectly.All of my classmates took pride in me.

There is no equipment，and since there isn’t even a washroom，if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin! 这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！

(1)我已经养成了读英文报的习惯，因为它已经丰富了我枯燥的校园生活。

(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)

I have developed the habit of reading the English newspaper since it has enriched my boring campus life.

(2)自从我大学毕业后，我一直梦想着环游世界。

Since I graduated from university，I have been dreaming of traveling all over the world.

(3)总是使我沮丧的是从那以后，我就没收到过他的来信。

What always upsets me is that I have not heard from him since.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．contract

(1)Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.  C 

(2)The new contract will be the same in every particular as the old one.  A 

(3)As is known to us all，metal contracts as it cools.  B 

2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)What made me delighted was that the walls were a uniform grey.统一的

(2)I bought a new shade for the lamp.灯罩

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．I took it for granted that he would negotiate with me about what to do next，but he didn’t.

2．After consulting(consult) my uncle who is a psychologist by profession，I know how to keep mentally healthy.

3．From the bottom of my heart，I keep praying(pray) that he won’t withdraw from the club.

4．I must relay to you that my opponent admitted stealing my laptop at the press conference.

5．He often extends his kindness to others and as a consequence，he deserves applause/applauding/to be applauded(applaud)．

6．I felt greatly privileged(privilege) to log the great deeds you had done.

7．We should have mercy on the disabled，who are(be) often looked down on by others.

8．Being back with their family should provide emotional stability(stable) for the children.

9．The man in uniform takes possession of three villas，but he still lives a very simple life.

10．We were buying a laptop in a store when it began to rain.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

话题写作之提供帮助

1．我正在街上走着这时我发现了两位外国游客。(be doing...when...)

I was walking in the street when I found two foreign travelers.

2．因为他们不熟悉这座城市，他们辨别方向有很大困难。(since引导原因状语从句)

Since they were unfamiliar with the city，they had great difficulty identifying directions.

3．他们花了大约半个小时找公园的位置，但是没找到。(It takes sb.some time to do sth.)

It had taken them about half an hour to look for the location of the park，but in vain.

4．我怀疑他们是否能够成功到达公园，于是我主动提出帮助他们。(doubt whether...)

I doubted whether they could make it to the park，so I offered to help them.

5．我认为帮助处在困境的那些人是我的荣幸。(privilege)

I think it my privilege to help those in trouble.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的

2．动作描写

contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)

chorus vt.合唱；齐声说 n．合唱曲；合唱团

wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起

drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动

pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷

deserve vt.值得；应得；应受

3．环境描写

dust n．沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

不幸的是，我们的邻居感染了一种严重的疾病，成了一名残疾人，这给他的生活投下了阴影。他被拖入了悲伤的漩涡。他是如此痛苦和忧虑，以至于他双颊和双眼周围开始起了皱纹。每天他痛苦地拖着脚下楼，祈祷能够从疾病中康复。看到这些，我的孩子们异口同声地呼喊道：“他值得我们的帮助。”

Unfortunately，our neighbor contracted a serious illness and became a disabled man，casting a shadow on his life.He was dragged into a whirlpool of sorrow.So painful and anxious was he that the skin on his cheeks and around his eyes was beginning to wrinkle.He dragged his feet painfully downstairs every day，praying that he could recover from his illness.Seeing this，my children exclaimed in chorus，“He deserves our help.”