专题05 阅读理解15篇(名校最新真题)--2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

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人教版（2019）高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲
(名校最新真题)
专题05 阅读理解15篇
（2022·江西·修水县第一中学高二阶段练习）Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th 1815. Ada’s mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared her growing up with her father’s changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However, she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own.
Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother’s thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating (萌芽) however, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you can’t give me poetry at least give me poetical science.” Ada married at 19, to William King who was made Earl of Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife’s love for numbers.
During her youth Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage’s idea for a new calculating (计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.
Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an “Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex (复杂的) calculations. Ada was later asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations (创新). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original, it is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848.
1．What happened to Ada in her childhood?
A．She was pushed to learn scientific knowledge.
B．She had to compare herself with other women.
C．She gave up learning because of her father.
D．She was greatly cared for by her father.
2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Ada thought poetry was boring.
B．Ada thought science was creative.
C．Ada was interested in both science and poetry.
D．Ada believed poetry was harder than science.
3．What decided Ada’s professional life?
A．The support of the Royal Astronomical Society. B．Her communication with Babbage.
C．Her husband’s encouragement. D．Somerville’s suggestions.
4．What did Ada do after she met Babbage?
A．She taught people how to program. B．She invented an “Analytical Engine”.
C．She praised Babbage’s achievements. D．She translated an article and developed it.

（2022·江西·修水县第一中学高二阶段练习）Gerty Cori, the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague. While in medical school, Gerty met Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research. In 1920, the two published the results of their first joint research, received their medical degrees, and married each other.
Gerty’s first research position was as an assistant in the Karolinen Children’s Hospital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori moved a few months later, starting as an assistant pathologist ( 病理学家) at the Institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist. In 1928, the Coris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cori accepted the position of chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow. In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry. Gerty Cori was made an associate ( 副) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943. She was elevated to the rank ( 级别) of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947, the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen (糖代谢).
In 1947, Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis, an unusual blood disease. She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.
5．What can we learn about Gerty’s husband?
A．He shared the same interests with Gerty.
B．He moved to the USA later than Gerty.
C．He married Gerty while in medical school.
D．He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty.
6．Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty’s life?
a. She moved to the USA．  
b. She won the Nobel Prize.
c. She met her husband Carl.  
d. She got a job in the WUSM.
e. She received her medical degree.
A．e, a, c, b, d B．c, e, a, d, b
C．e, c, a, d, b D．c, a, e, b, d
7．What does the underlined word “elevated” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Adapted. B．Defeated. C．Promoted. D．Committed.
8．What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph?
A．She was satisfied with her later life. B．She was in poor health all her life.
C．She died of a common disease. D．She was very mentally strong.

（2022·陕西·延安市第一中学高二期中）Lise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878. She was the third child of eight children in the family. Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano. The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria. But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性).
When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities. Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctor’s degree in 1906. She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin. There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.
In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment. Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to co­work. Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”. The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944. Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee, refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.
9．What can we learn about Lise Meitner’s childhood?
A．She received a poor education. B．She often went against her parents.
C．She did well in math. D．She lived a hard life with her family.
10．Why didn’t Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?
A．She wasn’t interested in college.
B．Girls in Austria were not permitted.
C．Her family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．She wanted to study radioactivity by herself.
11．Which one is true according to the text?
A．She should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.
B．She made the wrong college choice.
C．She should have kept her identity a secret.
D．She was unfairly treated when working in Berlin.
12．What was most probably Lise Meitner’s attitude toward the Nobel committee?
A．Positive. B．Unclear.
C．Angry. D．Pleased.

（2022·浙江·高二开学考试）Stephen Hawking was a British scientist, professor and author who performed groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology(安全), and whose books helped to make science accessible to everyone.
At the age of 21, Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at Oxford—he would sometimes trip and fall—but he didn’t look into the problem until 1963. But when his father discovered the condition, he took Hawking to see a doctor. For the next two weeks, the 21-year-old college student made his home at a medical clinic.
Eventually, however, doctors did diagnose(诊断) Hawking with the early stages of ASL(渐冻症). It was devastating news for him and his family. Not long after he left hospital, Hawking had a dream that he was going to realize. He said this dream made him aware that there were still things to do with his life.
In a sense, Hawking’s disease helped turn him into the noted scientist he became. Before the diagnosis, Hawking hadn’t always focused on his studies. “Before my condition was diagnosed, I had been very bored with life,” he said. “There had not seemed to be anything worth doing.” With the sudden realization that he might not even live long enough to earn his Ph. D．, Hawking poured himself into his work and research. On March 14, 2018, Hawking finally died of ALS, the disease that was supposed to have killed him more than 50 years earlier. The news touched many in his field and beyond. Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went out in the cosmos. We have lost an amazing human being. Hawking fought and tamed the cosmos bravely for 76 years and taught us all something important about what it truly means to celebrate about being human.”
13．What made Hawking devoted himself to his work and research?
A．His father’s guidance about his Ph. D． B．His own awareness about his limited life.
C．His doctor’s advice on his physical health. D．His attempt to be a noted scientist.
14．What do we know about Hawking according to the passage?
A．His father first took notice of his health condition.
B．Hawking decided to realize his dream when young.
C．Hawking is highly praised for his contribution to human.
D．Hawking found all worth doing before he knew his illness.
15．What does the underlined word “tamed” mean in the last paragraph?
A．explored. B．balanced. C．improved. D．rebuilt.
16．How did Lawrence Krauss feel about Steven Hawking’s life?
A．Pitiful. B．Excited. C．Shocked. D．Impressed.

（2022·甘肃·民勤县第一中学高二开学考试）Faraday was the inventor of the electric generator (发电机) and the electric motor. Faraday’s father suffered from long-time health problems. As a result, Faraday’s family had little money and Faraday got only the least formal schooling. Actually, he sometimes had only enough to eat. But Faraday was curious and determined to learn. While working in London as a teenager, he had a chance to know various books and he read everything he could get his hands on. Thus Faraday soon educated himself on a variety of scientific subjects, and his life as a scientist began.
In 1812, Faraday attended four lectures at the Royal Institution given by a famous chemist named Humphrey Davy. Afterwards Faraday sent a letter to Davy, expressing a strong interest in the subjects covered in the lectures and offering his services as a helper. A year later, Davy accepted Faraday as his lab assistant. Davy also took Faraday with him on an 18-month tour of Europe, where Faraday met some of the most famous scientists of the day.
Thanks to his work with Davy, Faraday gained a complete scientific education. He soon began to do research and experiments with electricity. He constructed two machines to create electromagnetic rotation(电磁旋转), the force used to power electric motors. Apart from helping Davy mostly, Faraday began to appear on his own as a chemist and scientist of great importance. He began to give frequent lectures. Soon he was accepted as a gifted lecturer and published many research papers.
When Davy retired in 1827, Faraday took his place as the head of the chemistry department of the Royal Institute. Upon accepting the position, he could focus on his own research, and Faraday’s best-known work began in the 1830s. In 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction (感应). And for the next eight years Faraday worked long hours in the laboratory which did harm to his health. By the end of the decade he was in such poor health that his research did not begin again until 1845.
In the mid-1850s, as Faraday gradually lost the ability to take care of himself, he was forced to retire from his scientific studies. Queen Victoria offered him Faraday knighthood (爵士封号), but he refused it. He lived at Hampton Court, which Queen Victoria offered him, until his death on August 25, 1867.
17．The text is mainly developed by ________.
A．giving examples B．analysing causes
C．making comparisons D．following the time order
18．Faraday offered to be Davy’s helper because he wanted to ________.
A．meet other famous scientists B．travel all over the world
C．get more chances to give lectures D．learn more about science
19．Which shows the correct order of the following events?
① Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction.
② Faraday taught himself on various scientific subjects.
③Faraday had an opportunity to do research and conduct experiments.
④Faraday began delivering speeches frequently and had many research papers published.
⑤Faraday met Davy and a year later he was fortunate enough to serve as Davy’s lab assistant.
A．⑤②③④① B．②⑤③④① C．⑤③①②④ D．②①⑤③④

（2022·四川凉山·高二期末）A new phone app uses vibrations (振动) from smart phones to alert people about earthquakes.
The phone app recognizes sudden shaking of the earth’s surface through sensors (传感器) in smart phones. The new app is called MyShake. It is the work of four researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. They said they created a worldwide warning system that would inform people and give them time to prepare. The MyShake app is available only for Android phones.
Smart phones are equipped with accelerometers (加速计) . These instruments measure movement, like that of a car or airplane. They can also measure the shaking of a machine, building or other structure. Accelerometers are used in activity trackers and apps that count steps or other exercise. They are also used in global positioning system (GPS) apps.
MyShake uses phone accelerometers to measure seismic (地震引起的) activity. It has been programmed to know the difference between normal activity and earthquake movement. The software developers say their app is right 93 percent of the time. A smart phone sends seismic information to the app developers. If the developers receive information from one area, it recognizes that an earthquake may be taking place or will take place soon. Using information sent from the app, the network then estimates the location and strength of the quake in real time. MyShake can record magnitude (规模) 5. 0 earthquakes at distances of 10 kilometers or less. MyShake uses very little power, according to its developers. Only when seismic activity is sensed by the app does it become active and sends data to the network.
The app works best when your phone is resting on a flat surface, like a table. The app also shows ways to stay safer during an earthquake. The developers say it will become more effective as more people use it.
20．What can we know about MyShake?
A．It can be applied to all kinds of phones.
B．It serves as a worldwide warning system.
C．It’s the name of a new smart phone.
D．It can prevent and stop the movement of the earth.
21．How can the phone app feel the earth’s shaking?
A．Through vibrations from smart phones.
B．Through information in smart phones.
C．Through sensors in smart phones.
D．Through accelerometers in smart phones.
22．Why are accelerometers used in MyShake?
A．To locate where the user is. B．To count steps or other exercise.
C．To measure seismic activity. D．To measure the shaking of building.
23．What’s the best title for the text?
A．A New Phone App Feels Earthquakes
B．A New Phone App Prevents Earthquakes
C．A New Phone App Keeps You Safe in the Earthquake
D．A New Phone App Makes Smart Phones More Effective

（2022·全国·高二课时练习）By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research. A team of scientists at the Crowther Lab in Switzerland produced the report, which described the climate for 520 major cities 30 years in the future.
The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities.
In China in 2050, the climate of Xi’an, in Shanxi province, will be similar to that of current day Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho in southern Africa, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. Chongqing in southwest China will resemble the climate of Swaziland capital Mbabane, as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃.
Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃. London’s climate will be more similar lo Barcelona, and Madrid’s to Marrakech.
The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change. The report also found that cities in tropical regions will experience smaller changes in average temperature but will be controlled by shifts in rainfall regimes. This may lead to a noticeable increase in unexpected events, and severe droughts.
“Across all scientific fields, the greatest challenge in climate science is no longer the precise measurement of climate change impacts, but inspiring people to picture is actual effects in order to motivate action,” said Tom Crowther, senior scientist und founder of the Crowther Lab.
24．According to the research, among the 520 cities by 2050, about ________ cities will experience the climate conditions that no major cities currently have experienced.
A．400 B．114 C．260 D．104
25．How did the scientists prove their result?
A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons.
C．By doing experiments. D．By explaining theory.
26．What is the Crowther Lab intended for?
A．To compare the climate change of the major cities of the world.
B．To inspire people to picture its actual effects in order to motivate action.
C．To inspire decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent some climate effects.
D．To show most word’s cities will experience a striking change in climate conditions.
27．What is the best title of the passage?
A．World Temperature B．Current Climate Change
C．Big Titles in the World D．Future Climate Change in Most Big Cities

（2022·全国·高二单元测试）Smart Home Products for Living a Connected Life
What makes something a smart home product? Generally, it’s defined by its ability to connect to a Wi-Fi network, allowing users to interact（互动）with it from their smartphones.We’ve rounded up some cool, diverse offerings that you’ll love to have in your home.
Nest Cam IQ
walmart.com
$299.00
The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there’s a stranger in your home. The device also supports two-way communication via built-in microphones and a powerful speaker.
Logitech Harmony Elite
amazon.com
$249.99
The Logitech Harmony Elite is one of the best universal remote controls available on the market. It can control just about every piece of electronics you own（it supports over 270，000 devices！）in every room of your house or apartment, including TVs，streaming devices, and sound systems.
Apple HomePod
bhphotovideo.com
$349.00
The Apple HomePod has better audio quality than any other smart speaker available today. Available in white or space gray, the Siri-powered device also allows you to control a number of devices with your voice.
August Smart Lock Pro
amazon.com
$279.99
The August Smart Lock Pro is compatible（兼容的）with most locks. A mobile app allows you to manage access to the lock, check its usage history, and get informed when someone opens the door. You can control it and check on the state of your door with voice commands.
28．What can the Nest Cam IQ help you do？
A．Properly use your smartphone camera
B．Control electronics with your voice.
C．Check the locks of your house.
D．Keep your home safe.
29．Which device can help you operate almost all your electronic equipment remotely？
A．Nest Cam IQ.
B．Apple HomePod.
C．August Smart Lock Pro.
D．Logitech Harmony Elite.
30．Which column of a website is the text most probably taken from？
A．Technology.
B．News.
C．Society.
D．Education.

（2022·广东惠州·高二期中）The idea of using a public bathroom with see-through walls may sound like the stuff of nightmares. But a famous Japanese architect is hoping to change that view, using new technology to make restrooms in Tokyo parks more inviting.
"There are two things we worry about when entering a public restroom, especially those located at a park," according to architect Shigeru Ban's firm. "The first is cleanliness, and the second is whether anyone is inside. "
The newly-invented transparent walls can turn off both of those worries, Ban says, by showing people what awaits them inside. After users enter the restroom and lock the door, the room's walls turn a powdery pastel shade—and are no longer see-through.
Ean's transparent facilities are sure to make for great conversation among visitors to the park—and they'll stand out even more after dark. "At night, the facility lights up the park like a beautiful lantern," the architect's website says.
The group is behind the Tokyo Toilet project, enlisting world-famous architects to create toilets "like you've never seen." The project's eye-catching toilets are part of a plan to put people at ease when visiting a public bathroom. The project may seem silly, but the 16 architects who are reimagining public toilets are some of the brightest names in Japanese architecture. The list includes four Pritzker Prize winners—Ban, Toyo Ito, Tadao Ando and Fumihiko Maki一along with international stars such as Kengo Kuma and Sou Fujimoto. The fashion designer Nigo is also contributing.
Ban's colorful public bathrooms opened to the public this month in two parks: Yoyogi Fu kamachi Mini Park and Haru--no--Ogawa Community Park. Other bespoke commodes will be opening in coming months.
31．Why are people often worried before entering a public restroom?
A．It's not always clean. B．It's usually at a huge distance.
C．Its lock is usually useless. D．It's always occupied.
32．What does the underlined word "transparent" mean in the third paragraph?
A．Full of bright colors. B．Not easy to see through.
C．Easy to see through. D．Thick and strong.
33．What do we know about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A．It's impractical and silly. B．It's rewarding and famous.
C．It has won the Pritzker Prize. D．It's the fruit of collective wisdom.
34．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Should the public restrooms be upgraded?
B．The new high-tech walls of public restrooms are coming
C．How do we live with see-through public facilities?
D．Some famous architects designed a silly project

（2021·广东·梅州市梅江区嘉应中学高二阶段练习）The future home is something that people have talked about for decades. Because the future home idea inspires our imagination, scientists and engineers have been working hard to develop different systems to make houses "smarter".
The video camera at the entrance recognizes visitors using facial recognition software. The facial recognition software of the future home will not only recognize friends, but strangers as well. And the software in your future home will run the strangersˈ faces against a database of criminals.
The future home will also have smart appliances (家电)as well. There will be a vast networking system connecting them. Ovens, microwaves and refrigerators will be controlled automatically(自动地), so remote cooking will be a possibility and meals are prepared for your arrival.
There will also be green systems in place such as saving and reusing wash water and bath water. Plants and people may receive pure or mineralized drinking water.
If you think this future home idea is pie in the sky or science fiction, then think again. Most of the systems described here are either in development or already out at the market. Future homes may not be standard yet for the middle class but this isnˈt as far ahead as many people would think.
35．What can the facial recognition software be used for in future homes?
A．Greeting friends. B．Collecting visitorsˈ information.
C．Recognizing visitors. D．Following dangerous criminals.
36．Which of the following indicates the future house is environment-friendly?
A．Facial recognition software. B．Remote cooking.
C．Smart refrigerators. D．Saving and reusing water.
37．What does the underlined word "standard" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Attractive. B．Common. C．Special. D．Excellent.
38．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Smart Future Home B．A Smart Networking System
C．Software in Future Home D．Various Household Appliances

（2022·全国·高二课时练习）In order to reduce the risk of suffering from COVID-19, people are supposed to say no to a handshake, give up high fives, refuse kisses on the cheek and absolutely avoid hugging. So people all over the world are changing their daily habits at work and at home to prevent it from spreading.
In France, handshaking is regarded as daily greeting habits. And kissing on the cheek is often seen even between people who have only just met. Philippe Lichtfus, a lifestyle expert notes that handshaking is a relatively recent development in human history that began in the Middle Ages. Now, he says simply looking into a person’s eyes can serve as a greeting.
The Brazilian health ministry has recommended that citizens should not share the metal straws traditionally used to consume the caffeine-rich drink chimarrão. And a kiss—even if it is not on the mouth—is totally advised against.
One of Spain’s most treasured traditions is also affected by the outbreak—the kissing of sculptures of Virgin Mary in the week leading up to Easter. During the holy week, the faithful believers queue up to kiss the hands or feet of sculptures of Mary and the saints, seeking their protection.
Germany’s interior minister (内政部长) Horst Seehofer rebuffed Chancellor（总理）Angela Merkel’s attempt to shake hands with him, smiling and keeping both his hands to himself. They both laughed and Merkel threw her hand up in the air before taking a seat.
In Iran, a video has gone viral (走红) showing three friends meeting, hands in their pockets, two of whom are wearing masks, tapping their feet against each other as a greeting. A similar video in Lebanon shows singer Ragheb Alama and comedian Michel Abou Sleiman tapping their feet against each other while making kissing noises with their mouths.
The UAE (阿拉伯联合酋长国) is advising citizens to stop the traditional “nose to nose” greeting. The UAE also said that people shouldn’t shake hands anymore or kiss. Greet each other “by waving only”.
39．What can we learn from Philippe Lichtfus?
A．Handshaking has a long history.
B．People can continue to kiss on the cheek.
C．It is recommended that people look into other’s eyes as a greeting.
D．It is unusual for two people who have just met to kiss on the cheeks.
40．What does the underlined word “rebuffed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Appreciated. B．Refused. C．Accepted. D．Welcomed.
41．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Several traditional greeting habits are advised against in the UAE.
B．People who believe in Virgin Mary must be disappointed to cancel the ceremony.
C．Brazilians are crazy about consuming the caffeine-rich drink chimarrão.
D．Tapping feet against each other has already become a daily greeting in Iran.
42．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Some old greeting styles are out of date.
B．Some new greeting styles become popular.
C．Different countries have different greeting styles.
D．People change their greeting styles to protect themselves.

（2022·山东淄博·高二期中）The biggest and the smallest of the world’s animals are most at risk of dying out, according to a new analysis, with vertebrates (脊椎动物) in the so-called “Goldilocks zone”—not too big and not too small—winning out. Action is needed to protect animals at both ends of the scale, they say. The research adds to evidence that animals are dying out on such a scale that a sixth extinction is considered under way.
One clue is body size. Research on birds and mammals has shown that those with larger bodies are more likely to go extinct. Yet, when the researchers made a database of thousands of birds, mammals, fish, amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles (爬行动物) at risk of extinction, they found disproportionate (不成比例的) losses at the large and small ends of the scale.
“Surprisingly, we found that not only the largest of all vertebrate animal species are most threatened, but the very tiniest ones are also highly threatened with extinction,” Prof. Ripple told BBC News.
Large animals, such as elephants, rhinos (犀牛) and lions have long been the target of protection efforts. However, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians that are the giants of their kind, such as the whale shark, Somali ostrich (鸵鸟) and the Chinese giant salamander (蝾螈), tend to be overlooked. Meanwhile, small species at risk--such as frogs and shrews (鼩鼱)--receive very little attention.
“I think, for the smallest species, first of all we need to bring higher awareness to them, because the larger ones get a lot of attention, but the smaller ones get very little,” said Prof. Ripple.
In the study, vertebrates with the smallest and the largest bodies were found to be most at risk of disappearing, whether they were on land or living in oceans, streams or rivers.
Heavyweights are threatened mainly by hunting, while featherweights are losing out to pollution and cutting down forests. “Ultimately, reducing global consumption of wild meat is a key step to reduce negative impacts of hunting, fishing, and trapping on the world’s vertebrates,” they write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
43．What made the researchers feel surprised?
A．A sixth of animals are dying out.
B．Small animals are in great danger.
C．Great losses of birds and mammals.
D．Big animals are at risk of disappearing.
44．What should we do first for the smallest species according to Prof. Ripple?
A．Transform our habits. B．Change our concepts.
C．Find ways to save small animals. D．Take measures to stop pollution.
45．What presents the great threat to vertebrates according to the last paragraph?
A．Loss of forests. B．Climate change.
C．Human activities. D．Environmental pollution.
46．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Size Matters When It Comes to Extinction Risk
B．Large Animals Are Badly in Need of Protection
C．Why a Great Number of Animals Are Dying out
D．What We Should Do to Protect Endangered Species

（2022·山东济宁·高二期中）When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming (责怪) somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your co-worker causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your co-worker fails to do his job well.
This is what being a winner is all about — creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.
47．What can we learn about winners?
A．They focus on solving problems. B．They blame themselves rather than others.
C．They have responsible and able co-workers. D．They seldom meet with difficulties in life.
48．How does the author mainly prove the point of view?
A．By making comparison. B．By giving examples.
C．By providing research results. D．By quoting opinions.
49．What do problems mean to winners?
A．Excuses for their failures. B．Keys to the final success.
C．Challenges to their co-workers. D．Chances for self-development.
50．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A Winner’s Secret B．A Winner’s Problem
C．A Winner’s Opportunity D．A Winner’s Achievement

（2022·江西·滨江中学高二阶段练习）In the summer of 2017 I had a firework go off in my right hand and ended up losing my index finger, middle finger, end of my ring finger and end of my thumb. All in all it was still a good day because I was still alive and knew it could have been a lot worse.
When I got to the hospital my parents were already supporting me as soon as possible. A day later my brother flew across the country leaving his job to be there for me. Seeing that really opened up for me that family is the best thing you can have-but that is not why I’m writing this story.
I am doing this for people to see that the biggest competitor in life is that person who looks back at you in the mirror. In this world you are what you believe you are. If you want to tell yourself that you are stupid or you are not good-looking, that’s what you are going to be. But if you look in the mirror and want to tell yourself you are great or you are going to make a difference in this world, then make it happen.
Ever since this accident, I had some rough moments but I learned to see the bright side of it. I learned not to regret it because it made me the person I am today. And that person is a 17-year-old kid who believes that if you work hard enough, be what you want to be, and have faith in yourself, anything is possible. Everything happens for a reason. For that reason, I still work the rest of my life achieving my dreams and trying to be known as the person I see myself as, because the reward at the end will be greater than anyone can possibly imagine.
51．What happened after the author was sent to hospital?
A．He felt rather worse there. B．His family accompanied him.
C．He had a big operation there. D．Something even worse happened.
52．What can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A．The way you treat life matters a lot. B．Don’t believe the image in the mirror.
C．People will feel upset occasionally. D．You should change your attitude to yourself.
53．What does the underlined part “that person” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The author himself. B．The author’s brother.
C．The author’s friend. D．Anyone else.
54．Which words best describe the author?
A．Helpful and intelligent. B．Modest and hard-working.
C．Adventurous and considerate. D．Positive and ambitious.

（2022·山东省临沂第一中学高二期中）In its reaction to reports that its Kindle business is exiting the Chinese mainland market, Amazon said customers can still buy Kindle devices through online and offline, while some of its devices have been sold out in the mainland.
No one knows whether customers bought all its products or the company produced too few, leading to the sellout, but it is obvious that Kindle has shut down several online sales channels, forcing many in China to put their Kindles up for sale.
On the other hand, Data shows the number of digital readers was higher than before. The total market value of the digital reading industry grows 21.8 percent over that in 2019.
The reason for the industry’s growth even as Kindle drops is the Smartphone existing everywhere. When it can meet most daily needs, why would one want a Kindle device? In fact, all electronic devices that specialize in single functions are fading out, be it Kindle, MP3 or MP4 players. Even tablets account for only one-tenth of mobile devices sales because one cannot use one to make a phone call.
Besides, Kindle itself has problems. The electronic books that can be bought are expensive, while Kindle Unlimited, a program that allows customers to read any number of eBooks for a monthly subscription (订阅) fee, seldom includes new titles.
In a nutshell, while electronic reading is a booming (繁荣的) market, the market for electronic reading devices is shrinking. That’s why many jokes that the only function left for a Kindle device is to act as a cover for a steaming cup of instant noodles.
Of course, Kindle offers some very good professional resources for scholars, while also allowing users to install an electronic dictionary to let them read in different languages. That’s why many users are saddened and hope Kindle docs not disappear forever. Maybe Kindle can find a way to reinvent itself and continue serving its customers.
55．Why have the Kindle devices been sold out according to the passage?
A．The reason is unknown. B．Too many offline private deals.
C．Kindles are out of stock presently. D．The government takes some measures.
56．What can we know about electronic devices?
A．Tablets provide call function. B．MP3 and MP4 are more popular.
C．Smartphones are multifunctional. D．Kindles are equipped with the latest books.
57．What does the underlined word “shrinking” in paragraph 6 mean?
A．Increasing. B．Disappearing. C．Promoting. D．Decreasing.
58．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．Users are disappointed with Kindle. B．Kindle must reinvent itself to get back.
C．Kindles will quit from market for ever. D．Electronic dictionaries can’t be got in Kindle.


参考答案：
1．A    2．B    3．B    4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女科学家阿达·洛芙莱斯的主要事迹，展现了她对科学知识的热爱。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time.(为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学习科学和数学，这在当时的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。
2．句意猜测题。根据第一段可知，阿达的父亲是英国诗人拜伦。她的父母分开之后，她的母亲不愿阿达继承拜伦身上感性、多变的特质，于是她强迫阿达学习数学和科学，并对她严格要求。对于母亲的想法，阿达了然于心。划线处与上文中的“keeping the creative side of her from germinating(让她的创造力无法萌发)”为顺承关系，目的是为了引出阿达说的话“如果不让我学习诗歌，那么至少让我学习富有诗意的科学”。结合上文中提到的阿达对数学表现出了浓厚的兴趣，我们可以推断，阿达将 poetry和science进行比较，说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.(被这个想法吸引，阿达开始和他一起写信，后来决定了她的职业生涯。)”可知，阿达与查尔斯·巴贝奇针对科学知识展开的交流一定程度上决定了阿达以后的职业生涯。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations (创新).(她不仅翻译了这篇文章，还添加了一页又一页的注释、计算和创新。)”可知，她不仅翻译了学术文章，并加注了很多自己原创的见解。故选D。
5．A    6．B    7．C    8．D

【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While in medical school, Gerty met Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.(在医学院读书期间，格蒂遇到了卡尔·科尼，两人都喜欢滑雪和登山，也都对实验室研究感兴趣。)”可知，格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。
6．细节理解题。通读全文可知，格蒂在布拉格大学医学院读书时认识了后来的丈夫；两人于1920年获得医学学位；之后夫妇二人于1922年移民到美国；1931年格蒂和丈夫任职于华盛顿医学院；1947年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。
7．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Gerty Cori was made an associate ( 副) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943. She was elevated to the rank ( 级别) of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947.( Gerty Cori于1943年被任命为研究生物化学和药理学副教授。1947年7月，她被提升为生物化学教授。)”可知，1943年格蒂是副教授，1947年7月她是教授，由此可以推断划线词为“晋升，升职”的意思。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.(她与疾病抗争了十年，直到生命的最后几个月，她都拒绝放弃她的研究。格蒂于1957年10月26日去世。)”可知，即使与病魔做斗争，格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究事业，直到生命的尽头。由此可以推断，她有着十分顽强的生命力，对于科学一片热忱。故选D。
9．C    10．B    11．D    12．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了奥地利女科学家Lise Meitner的生平以及对核物理学的贡献。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. (她的父亲菲利普是一名律师，雇了私人教师来教孩子们，她的数学学得很好。)”可知，关于Lise Meitner的童年，我们能了解到的是她数学学得很好。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.(当莉丝·梅特纳14岁完成学业时，她无法进入本科接受高等教育，奥地利的所有女孩也是如此)”可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没有去上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不被允许上大学。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.(在那里，她和奥托·哈恩一起工作，但作为一名奥地利犹太女性，她被排除在主要实验室之外，只能在地下室工作。)”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee, refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.(Meitner被诺贝尔委员会忽视了，她在战后拒绝返回德国，在斯德哥尔摩继续她的原子研究直到80多岁)”推知，Meitner对诺贝尔委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。故选C项。
13．B    14．C    15．A    16．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。斯蒂芬 · 霍金是一位英国科学家、教授和作家，他在物理学和宇宙学方面进行了开创性的工作，文章主要讲述了霍金对人类的贡献。他的著作帮助每个人都了解科学。
13．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With the sudden realization that he might not even live long enough to earn his Ph. D., Hawking poured himself into his work and research.”（霍金突然意识到自己可能活不到获得博士学位的那一天，于是全身心地投入到工作和研究中。）可知，在霍金意识自己有限的生命的时候，他致力于工作和研究中。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We have lost an amazing human being. Hawking fought and tamed the cosmos bravely for 76 years and taught us all something important about what it truly means to celebrate about being human.””（我们失去了一个了不起的人。76年来，霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并探索宇宙，他教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西，那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。”）可知，霍金通过自己的研究工作，教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西——人类的意义。基于此他是一个了不起的人。故选C。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Hawking fought and tamed the cosmos bravely for 76 years and taught us all something important about what it truly means to celebrate about being human.””（76年来，霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并 tamed宇宙，他教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西，那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。”）和最后一段中“With the sudden realization that he might not even live long enough to earn his Ph. D., Hawking poured himself into his work and research.”（霍金突然意识到自己可能活不到获得博士学位的那一天，于是全身心地投入到工作和研究中。）可知，76年来，霍金全身心地投入到自己的研究中，研究宇宙，探索宇宙。所以划线词此处的含义为“探索”，故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went out in the cosmos. We have lost an amazing human being. ”（劳伦斯 · 克劳斯在推特上写道：“一颗恒星刚刚消失在宇宙中，我们失去了一个了不起的人类。”）可推知，对于霍金的一生，劳伦斯认为其是了不起的。故选D。
17．D    18．D    19．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了英国物理学家法拉第的生平。
17．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“While working in London as a teenager...(十几岁在伦敦工作的时候)”、第二段中“In 1812, Faraday attended four lectures at the Royal Institution...(1812年，法拉第参加了四场皇家学会的讲座)”、第四段中“When Davy retired in 1827, Faraday took his place as the head of the chemistry department of the Royal Institute.(1827年戴维退休后，法拉第接替他担任皇家研究所化学系主任)”和第五段中“In the mid-1850s, as Faraday gradually lost the ability to take care of himself...(19世纪50年代中期，法拉第逐渐失去了照顾自己的能力)”可推知，本文是按时间顺序展开的。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1812, Faraday attended four lectures at the Royal Institution given by a famous chemist named Humphrey Davy. Afterwards Faraday sent a letter to Davy, expressing a strong interest in the subjects covered in the lectures and offering his services as a helper. (1812年，法拉第在皇家研究所参加了四场著名化学家汉弗莱·戴维的讲座。之后，法拉第给戴维写了一封信，表达了他对课程内容的浓厚兴趣，并提出给戴维作助手)”可知，法拉第主动提出要做戴维的助手，是因为他对戴维的课程非常感兴趣，要想学习更多的科学知识。故选D项。
19．细节理解题。本文按时间顺序介绍了英国物理学家法拉第的生平，结合第一段中“Thus Faraday soon educated himself on a variety of scientific subjects. (因此，法拉第很快自学了各种各样的科学科目)”、第二段中“A year later, Davy accepted Faraday as his lab assistant.(一年后，戴维接受了法拉第作为他的实验室助手)”、第三段中“He soon began to do research and experiments with electricity.(他很快就开始做有关电的研究和实验)”、第三段中“Soon he was accepted as a gifted lecturer and published many research papers.(不久，他被聘为一名有天赋的讲师，并发表了许多研究论文)”、第四段中“In 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction (感应)(1831年，他发现了电磁感应)”可知，题目中五件事情的先后顺序为②⑤③④①。故选B项。
20．B    21．C    22．C    23．A

【导语】这是以一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的智能手机软件，它能感应到地震，从而可以给人们警告。
20．细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段第四句 “They said they created a worldwide warning system that would inform people and give them time to prepare. ( 他们说，他们创建了一个全球预警系统，可以通知人们，让他们有时间准备。)” 可知，该应用程序是一个全球警告系统。故选B 项。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “The phone app recognizes sudden shaking of the earth’s surface through sensors(传感器)in smart phones. (这款手机应用程序通过智能手机中的传感器来识别地球表面的突然震动。)”可知，这款手机软件是通过智能手机里面的感应器来感应到地球表面的突然振动的。故选C 项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 “MyShake uses phone accelerometers to measure seismic (地震引起的) activity.( MyShake使用手机加速度计来测量地震活动。)”可知，MyShake使用手机加速计是来测量地震活动的。故选C项。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段 “A new phone app uses vibrations (振动) from smart phones to alert people about earthquakes.(一种新的手机应用程序利用智能手机的震动向人们发出地震警报。)” 并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍一款新的手机应用程序，利用智能手机来感应地震。故选A 项。
24．B    25．A    26．C    27．D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过数据例举讲述了到2050年，世界上许多大城市的气候将变暖，呼吁人类要尽快采取措施。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities.(520个城市中有22%的气候状况将不再是任何现存的大城市都经历过的样子)”可知，520中的22%大约就是114，所以到2050年，大约有114个城市将面临气候条件的变化。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中 “The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. ”以及第三段和第四段中“with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃. Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃.”所列举的具体数据可知，这些科学家通过列出具体的数据来佐证他们的研究结果。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change.(The Crowther Lab希望这项分析将激励决策者采取必要的措施，以防止或解决气候变化威胁造成的一些气候影响)”可知，the Crowther Lab的目的就是激励决策者采取必要的措施来防止一些气候影响。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research.(据最新研究报道，到2050年，世界上有五分之一的城市将面临前所未有的气候条件和环境的变化，那将是在目前任何一个主要城市都没有出过的)”以及后文进行的具体论证可知，文章主要介绍了对未来的一些大城市气候变化的预测。D项：“一些重大城市的未来气候变化”符合题意，做文章的标题。故选D。
28．D    29．D    30．A

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了智能家居产品，让生活互联，并提供了一些智能家居产品供了解。
28．细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第二段：The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there’s a stranger in your home. The device also supports two-way communication via built-in microphones and a powerful speaker.（Nest Cam IQ是一款设计精美的家庭安全摄像头，可以识别人脸。如果家里有陌生人，它会提醒你。该设备还支持通过内置麦克风和强大的扬声器进行双向通信。）可知，该设备可保障家居安全。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第三段：. It can control just about every piece of electronics you own（it supports over 270，000 devices！）in every room of your house or apartment, including TVs，streaming devices, and sound systems.（它可以控制你家里或公寓每个房间里的几乎每一件电子产品(它支持超过27万台设备!)，包括电视、流媒体设备和音响系统。）可知，可远程控制家居电子设备的是Logitech Harmony Elite。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据体裁为广告类应用文，且出现了大量的术语，如：two-way communication via built-in microphones；every piece of electronics；the Siri-powered device可知文章应该来自科技方面的专栏。故选A项。
【点睛】如何推断文章出处？
这类问题应该从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：报纸；广告；产品说明；网络等。小题3考查文章出处：
3. Which column of a website is the text most probably taken from？
A. Technology.
B. News.
C. Society.
D. Education.
题目为：网站的哪一专栏最有可能是文章的出处?结合文章内容为产品说明，且涉及到了一系列的高科技只能产品及相关术语，可知应是科技专栏。故选A项。
31．A    32．C    33．D    34．B

【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了新的高科技公共厕所墙即将问世，会消除人们进厕所前的担忧。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“here are two things we worry about when entering a public restroom, especially those located at a park”以及“The first is cleanliness, and the second is whether anyone is inside.”可知，当我们进入公共厕所时，尤其是那些位于公园的洗手间，有两件事我们会担心。第一是清洁，第二是里面有没有人。因此可以看出，人们在进入公共厕所之前总是担心的原因是它并不总是干净的符合题意，故选A。
32．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“can turn off both of those worries”以及“by showing people what awaits them inside. After users enter the restroom and lock the door, the room's walls turn a powdery pastel shade—and are no longer see-through.”可知，可以让人们看到里面等待他们的东西，从而消除这两种担忧。当使用者进入洗手间并锁上门后，房间的墙壁变成粉状的粉彩阴影，再也看不透了。由此可以看出第三段划线的单词的意思是容易被看穿。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“The project may seem silly, but the 16 architects who are reimagining public toilets are some of the brightest names in Japanese architecture.”可知，这项工程看似愚蠢，但这16位重新设计公厕的建筑师却有些是日本建筑界最耀眼的名字。因此可以从最后两段我们可以了解到这是集体智慧的结晶。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The newly-invented transparent walls can turn off both of those worries”以及“by showing people what awaits them inside. After users enter the restroom and lock the door, the room's walls turn a powdery pastel shade—and are no longer see-through.”可知，新发明的透明墙可以让人们看到里面等待他们的东西，从而消除这两种担忧。当使用者进入洗手间并锁上门后，房间的墙壁变成粉状的粉彩阴影，再也看不透了。从此处可以看出这是新设计的厕所，再结合最后一段的“Ban's colorful public bathrooms opened to the public this month in two parks: Yoyogi Fu kamachi Mini Park and Haru--no--Ogawa Community Park. Other bespoke commodes will be opening in coming months.”可知，Ban的彩色公共浴室本月在两个公园向公众开放：Yoyogi Fu kamachi迷你公园和Haru--no--Ogawa社区公园。其他定制马桶将在未来几个月开放。因此可以推出文章最佳标题是新的高科技公共厕所墙即将面世。故选B。
35．C    36．D    37．B    38．A

【分析】本文属于说明文。本文通过想象，描述了“智能未来家庭”的样子。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The video camera at the entrance recognizes visitors using facial recognition software.” 入口处的摄像机使用面部识别软件识别访客。可知，在未来的家庭中，面部识别软件可以用来识别访客。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段的“There will also be green systems in place such as saving and reusing wash water and bath water.” 在适当的地方，还将建立环保系统，如节约和重复使用洗涤水和洗澡水。可知，节约和再利用水说明未来的房子是环保的。故选D。
3.词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“but this isnˈt as far ahead as many people would think.”但这并不像许多人想象的那样遥远。可知，上半句的意思是：对于中产阶级来说，未来的家庭可能还不普遍。因此划线词的意思是“普通的”。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Because the future home idea inspires our imagination, scientists and engineers have been working hard to develop different systems to make houses "smarter".”因为未来家居理念激发了我们的想象力，科学家和工程师们一直在努力开发不同的系统，使房子变得更“智能。及下文描述的未来的智能家庭的样子，可知，“智能未来之家”适合做本文的题目。故选A。
39．C    40．B    41．A    42．D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。新冠肺炎疫情期间，为了避免传播病毒，各国民众的问候方式也和以往不一样了。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, he says simply looking into a person’s eyes can serve as a greeting. (现在，他说只要看着对方的眼睛就可以作为一种问候)”可知Philippe Lichtfus认为现在把注视人的眼睛当作一种问候，故选C。
40．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Germany’s interior minister (内政部长) Horst Seehofer rebuffed Chancellor (总理 ) Angela Merkel’s attempt to shake hands with him, smiling and keeping both his hands to himself. (Angela Merkel总理想和内政部长Horst Seehofer握手，Horst Seehofer面带微笑，没有伸手，他rebuffed总理握手的请求)”可知，Horst Seehofer拒绝了总理握手的请求，所以rebuffed是 “拒绝”的意思，故选B。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The UAE (阿拉伯联合酋长国) is advising citizens to stop the traditional “nose to nose” greeting. The UAE also said that people shouldn’t shake hands anymore or kiss. Greet each other “by waving only”. (阿联酋建议民众停止传统的 “碰鼻”的问候。阿联酋还表示，人们不应该再握手或接吻，“只要挥手致意”就可以了)”可知，在阿联酋，传统的问候方式不再被建议使用，故选A。
42．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In order to reduce the risk of suffering from COVID-19, people are supposed to say no to a handshake, give up high fives, refuse kisses on the cheek and absolutely avoid hugging. So people all over the world are changing their daily habits at work and at home to prevent it from spreading. (为了降低患COVID-19的风险，人们应该拒绝握手，放弃击掌，拒绝亲吻脸颊，绝对避免拥抱。因此，全世界的人们都在改变他们在工作和生活中的日常习惯，以阻挡病毒的传播 )”以及下面段落分别具体介绍了不同国家疫情期间问候方式的改变，可知本文主要介绍了疫情期间，为了阻挡病毒的传播，减少感染风险，保护自己，人们改变了他们的问候方式，故选D。
43．B    44．B    45．C    46．A

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。一项研究发现，体型最大和最小的动物对比中等体型的动物面临着更大的灭绝风险。大型动物的危险主要来自人类的捕杀，小型动物灭绝的主要原因是污染和森林砍伐。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段““Surprisingly, we found that not only the largest of all vertebrate animal species are most threatened, but the very tiniest ones are also highly threatened with extinction,” Prof. Ripple told BBC News.(“令人惊讶的是，我们发现，不仅最大的脊椎动物受到的威胁最大，而且最小的动物也面临着灭绝的高度威胁，”Ripple教授告诉BBC新闻。)”可知，科学家们发现，不仅是大型动物面临着很高的灭绝风险，最小的动物面临灭绝的风险也很高。因此B项正确，故选B项。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““I think, for the smallest species, first of all we need to bring higher awareness to them, because the larger ones get a lot of attention, but the smaller ones get very little,” said Prof. Ripple.(“我认为，对于最小的物种来说，首先我们需要提高人们对它们的认识，因为较大的物种会得到很多关注，而较小的物种却很少得到关注，”Ripple教授说。)”可知Ripple教授认为，我们目前首先要做的是从思想上开始重视小动物，因为过去我们只关心大型动物的灭绝问题，因此B项内容“改变我们的观念”正确，故选B            项。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heavyweights are threatened mainly by hunting, while featherweights are losing out to pollution and cutting down forests. “Ultimately, reducing global consumption of wild meat is a key step to reduce negative impacts of hunting, fishing, and trapping on the world’s vertebrates,” they write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.(重量级动物主要受到狩猎的威胁，而羽类动物则因污染和砍伐森林而遭受损失。他们在《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)上写道:“最终，减少全球野生动物的消费量是减少捕猎、捕鱼和圈养对世界脊椎动物负面影响的关键一步。”)”可知目前最关键的是减少对野生动物肉的消耗，减少人们的各类捕杀行为，由此可推断，人类行为对脊椎动物（尤其是大型动物）带来最大的威胁，故选C项。

46．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The biggest and the smallest of the world’s animals are most at risk of dying out(世界上最大和最小的动物都面临着灭绝的危险)”综合全文可知，文章主要告诉我们一个事实：那些体型最大的和最小的动物，面临着更高的灭绝风险，A项“动物的体型可能是决定其灭绝的关键因素”符合文章主题，适合作标题。故选A项。

47．A    48．B    49．D    50．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为成为成功者的关键在于关注如何改善现状，创造性地运用自己的技能和才能。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. (然而，如果你不再去责怪谁，而是开始关注如何改善现状，那么你对发生在你身上的事情就有很大的控制权。这是成功者成功的钥匙)”可知，成功者专注于解决问题。故选A。
48．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. (例如，如果你迟到是因为你的车坏了，也许你需要更定期地检查你的车)”和第四句“For another example, if your co-worker causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. (再举个例子，如果你的同事在工作中因为缺乏责任感或能力而给你带来麻烦，想办法解决他的不负责任或无能，而不是简单地责怪这个人)”可知，作者主要通过举例来证明观点。故选B。
49．细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. (他们只是更善于把这些问题视为发展自己才能的挑战和机会)”可知，对成功者来说，困难意味着自我发展的机会。故选D。
50．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. (然而，如果你不再去责怪谁，而是开始关注如何改善现状，那么你对发生在你身上的事情就有很大的控制权。这是成功者成功的钥匙)”，第二段第一句“Winners are great at overcoming problems. (成功者善于克服困难)”和第三段第一句“This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. (这就是成为成功者的全部——创造性地运用你的技能和才能，这样无论发生什么，你都能成功)”可知，文章主要是论述了成为成功者的秘诀。由此可知，A Winner’s Secret(成功者的秘诀)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
51．B    52．A    53．A    54．D

【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。本文讲述了2017年夏天，作者的右手放了一个烟花，结果失去了食指、中指、无名指末端和拇指末端。但是这个17岁的孩子积极乐观，他相信，只要你足够努力，成为你想成为的人，对自己有信心，一切皆有可能。
51．细节理解题。根据第二段“When I got to the hospital my parents were already supporting me as soon as possible. A day later my brother flew across the country leaving his job to be there for me. Seeing that really opened up for me that family is the best thing you can have-but that is not why I’m writing this story.”（当我到达医院时，我的父母已经在尽可能快地支持我。一天后，我哥哥离开他的工作，飞到全国各地来找我。家庭是你能拥有的最好的东西——但这不是我写这个故事的原因。）可知，在作者被送往医院后，他的家人来陪他。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据第三段“I am doing this for people to see that the biggest competitor in life is that person who looks back at you in the mirror. In this world you are what you believe you are. If you want to tell yourself that you are stupid or you are not good-looking, that’s what you are going to be. But if you look in the mirror and want to tell yourself you are great or you are going to make a difference in this world, then make it happen.”（我这样做是为了让人们看到，生活中最大的竞争对手是那个在镜子里看着你的人。在这个世界上，你相信你是什么，你就是什么。如果你想告诉自己，你很蠢，或者你长得不好看，那就是你将要成为的。但是，如果你看着镜子，想告诉自己你很伟大，或者你要在这个世界上有所作为，那就去做吧。）可知，本段作者告诉我们对待生命的方式很重要。故选A。
53．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Ever since this accident, I had some rough moments but I learned to see the bright side of it. I learned not to regret it because it made me the person I am today. And that person is a 17-year-old kid who believes that if you work hard enough, be what you want to be, and have faith in yourself, anything is possible. ”（自从这次事故之后，我经历了一些艰难的时刻，但我学会了看到事情光明的一面。我学会了不后悔，因为它成就了今天的我。）可知，这是17岁的作者感悟自己的生活，所以划线词指代作者本人。故选A。
54．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ever since this accident, I had some rough moments but I learned to see the bright side of it. I learned not to regret it because it made me the person I am today. And that person is a 17-year-old kid who believes that if you work hard enough, be what you want to be, and have faith in yourself, anything is possible.Everything happens for a reason. For that reason, I still work the rest of my life achieving my dreams and trying to be known as the person I see myself as, because the reward at the end will be greater than anyone can possibly imagine. ”（自从这次事故之后，我经历了一些艰难的时刻，但我学会了看到事情光明的一面。我学会了不后悔，因为它成就了今天的我。这个17岁的孩子相信，只要你足够努力，成为你想成为的人，对自己有信心，一切皆有可能。每件事的发生都有原因。出于这个原因，我的余生都在努力实现我的梦想，努力让别人知道我是那个我认为自己是的人，因为最终的回报会比任何人想象的都大。）可知，作者积极有雄心抱负。故选D。
55．A    56．C    57．D    58．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Kindle正在退出中国大陆市场的现状，并且浅析了其原因。
55．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“No one knows whether customers bought all its products or the company produced too few, leading to the sellout (没有人知道是消费者购买了所有的产品，还是公司生产的产品太少，导致了产品售罄)”可推知，Kindle设备售罄的原因不明。故选A。
56．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“The reason for the industry’s growth even as Kindle drops is the Smartphone existing everywhere. (在Kindle销量下滑的情况下，该行业仍在增长，原因在于智能手机无处不在)”以及“it can meet most daily needs (它能满足大多数日常需求)”以及根据“In fact, all electronic devices that specialize in single functions are fading out, be it Kindle, MP3 or MP4 players.”（事实上，所有专注于单一功能的电子设备都在逐渐消失，无论是Kindle、MP3还是MP4播放器。）可推知，电子设备是多功能的。故选C。
57．词句猜测题。通过文章第六段中的“while electronic reading is a booming market (虽然电子阅读市场正在蓬勃发展)”以及“That’s why many jokes that the only function left for a Kindle device is to act as a cover for a steaming cup of instant noodles. (这就是为什么许多人开玩笑说，Kindle设备唯一剩下的功能就是充当一杯热气腾腾的方便面的盖子)”可推知，画线词上文提及的“the market for electronic reading devices (电子阅读设备市场)”的发展状态与蓬勃发展的电子阅读市场状态相反，呈收缩的状态。画线词“shrinking”意为“收缩、减少”。故选D。
58．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Maybe Kindle can find a way to reinvent itself and continue serving its customers. (也许Kindle可以找到一种方法来彻底改造自己，继续为客户服务)”可推知，作者认为Kindle必须彻底改造自己才能重返市场。故选B。